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Pang X, Hu X, Du X, Lv C, Yuk HG. Biofilm formation in food processing plants and novel control strategies to combat resistant biofilms: the case of Salmonella spp. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1703-1718. [PMID: 37780596 PMCID: PMC10533767 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the pathogens that cause many foodborne outbreaks throughout the world, representing an important global public health problem. Salmonella strains with biofilm-forming abilities have been frequently isolated from different food processing plants, especially in poultry industry. Biofilm formation of Salmonella on various surfaces can increase their viability, contributing to their persistence in food processing environments and cross-contamination of food products. In recent years, increasing concerns arise about the antimicrobial resistant and disinfectant tolerant Salmonella, while adaptation of Salmonella in biofilms to disinfectants exacerbate this problem. Facing difficulties to inhibit or remove Salmonella biofilms in food industry, eco-friendly and effective strategies based on chemical, biotechnological and physical methods are in urgent need. This review discusses biofilm formation of Salmonella in food industries, with emphasis on the current available knowledge related to antimicrobial resistance, together with an overview of promising antibiofilm strategies for controlling Salmonella in food production environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Pang
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xueying Du
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Chenglong Lv
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance and Economics , Nanjing, 210023 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hyun-Gyun Yuk
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Transportation, 61 Daehak-ro Jeungpyeong-gun, Chungbuk, 27909 Republic of Korea
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Soltan Dallal MM, Zeynali Kelishomi F, Nikkhahi F, Zahraei Salehi T, Fardsanei F, Peymani A. Biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance genes, and genetic diversity of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from food and animal sources in Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2023; 34:240-246. [PMID: 37567468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella enterica serovar Entritidis is an important pathogen in foodborne diseases and causes gastroenteritis. Several studies have investigated the genetic diversity of the strains of this bacterium. However, our knowledge of the discriminatory power of the molecular methods is limited. METHODS In total, 34 strains of S. enteritidis were isolated from food related to animals. Antibiotic resistance of the strains, antibiotic resistance genes, and biofilm formation capacity of the strains were evaluated. For the genetic analysis of the strains, PFGE was performed using AvrII restriction enzyme. RESULTS Among the tested antibiotics, cefuroxime, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin showed the highest resistance rates (79.4%, 47%, and 44.2%, respectively). Only three antibiotic-resistance genes were identified in these strains (blaTEM: 67.6%, tetA: 9%, and sul2: 3%). In total, 91% of the strains were biofilm producers. Clustering of strains using AvrII for 26 samples with the same XbaI PFGE profile showed that these strains were in one clone and had high homogeneity. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, it is better to use a combination of several typing methods for typing strains that are genetically very close so that the results are reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Food Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Amir Peymani
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Teklemariam AD, Al-Hindi RR, Albiheyri RS, Alharbi MG, Alghamdi MA, Filimban AAR, Al Mutiri AS, Al-Alyani AM, Alseghayer MS, Almaneea AM, Albar AH, Khormi MA, Bhunia AK. Human Salmonellosis: A Continuous Global Threat in the Farm-to-Fork Food Safety Continuum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12091756. [PMID: 37174295 PMCID: PMC10178548 DOI: 10.3390/foods12091756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is one of the most common zoonotic foodborne pathogens and a worldwide public health threat. Salmonella enterica is the most pathogenic among Salmonella species, comprising over 2500 serovars. It causes typhoid fever and gastroenteritis, and the serovars responsible for the later disease are known as non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS). Salmonella transmission to humans happens along the farm-to-fork continuum via contaminated animal- and plant-derived foods, including poultry, eggs, fish, pork, beef, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and flour. Several virulence factors have been recognized to play a vital role in attaching, invading, and evading the host defense system. These factors include capsule, adhesion proteins, flagella, plasmids, and type III secretion systems that are encoded on the Salmonella pathogenicity islands. The increased global prevalence of NTS serovars in recent years indicates that the control approaches centered on alleviating the food animals' contamination along the food chain have been unsuccessful. Moreover, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella variants suggests a potential food safety crisis. This review summarizes the current state of the knowledge on the nomenclature, microbiological features, virulence factors, and the mechanism of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella. Furthermore, it provides insights into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of Salmonella infections. The recent outbreaks of salmonellosis reported in different clinical settings and geographical regions, including Africa, the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America, Europe, and the USA in the farm-to-fork continuum, are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addisu D Teklemariam
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rashad R Al-Hindi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raed S Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Centre of Excellence in Bionanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona G Alharbi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashail A Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani A R Filimban
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Al Mutiri
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 12843, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah M Al-Alyani
- Laboratory Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Jeddah 22311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen S Alseghayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz M Almaneea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Monitoring and Risk Assessment Department, Saudi Food and Drug Authority, Riyadh 13513, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulgader H Albar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Jeddah University, Jeddah 23218, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohsen A Khormi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue University Interdisciplinary Life Science Program (PULSe), West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of multi-drug resistant, biofilm forming, human invasive strain of Salmonella Typhimurium SMC25 isolated from poultry meat in India. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105830. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Simoni C, de Campos Ausani T, Laviniki V, Lopes GV, de Itapema Cardoso MR. Salmonella Derby from pig production chain over a 10-year period: antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation, and genetic relatedness. Braz J Microbiol 2022; 53:2185-2194. [PMID: 36279095 PMCID: PMC9679096 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-022-00846-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate 140 Salmonella Derby isolates collected over a 10-year period from porcine origins (environment, pig carcass, lymph nodes, intestinal content, and pork) for their phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance, their ability to produce biofilm, and their genetic relatedness. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution broth method and antimicrobial resistance genes were investigated by PCR. The quantification of biofilm formation was performed in sterile polystyrene microtiter plates. Genetic relatedness was determined by Xba-I macrorestriction analysis. The highest frequencies of non-wildtype (nWT) populations were observed against tetracycline (75.7%), streptomycin (70%), and colistin (11.4%), whereas wildtype populations were observed against ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. The resistance genes found were blaTEM (ampicillin), aadA variant (streptomycin/spectinomycin), tetA (tetracycline), and floR (florfenicol). On 96-well polystyrene microtiter plate, 68.6% of the isolates proved to be biofilm producers. Among 36 S. Derby isolates selected to PFGE analysis, 22 were clustered with 83.6% of similarity. Additionally, 27 isolates were clustered in 11 pulsotypes, which presented more than one strain with 100% of similarity. Most of S. Derby isolates were able to form biofilm and were classified as nWT or resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, and colistin. PFGE allowed the identification of closely related S. Derby isolates that circulated in pig slaughterhouses and pork derived products along a decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Simoni
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 9090, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Thais de Campos Ausani
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 9090, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Laviniki
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 9090, 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Graciela Volz Lopes
- Agroindustrial Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marisa Ribeiro de Itapema Cardoso
- Preventive Veterinary Medicine Department, Faculty of Veterinary, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Bento Gonçalves, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 9090, 91540-000, Brazil.
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Frequency of Salmonella serotypes among children in Iran: antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and virulence genes. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:557. [PMID: 36131275 PMCID: PMC9490922 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/SIGNIFICANCE Salmonella gastroenteritis causes significant morbidity among pediatric patients, mainly in developing world, such as the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Concurrently, data from MENA countries like Iran, regarding prevalence of Salmonella serotypes, antimicrobial susceptibility, and biofilm production is scarce. MATERIAL & METHODS Slide agglutination was used to determine the serogroup of 140 Salmonella isolates recovered from 4477 stool specimens collected from children with gastroenteritis, and isolates were serotyped by PCR assay. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates to five first line drugs was assessed by disk diffusion assay using CLSI guidelines. Semi-quantitative evaluation of biofilm production was done by microtiter plate assay followed by PCR detection of biofilm-associated virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA for each isolate. RESULTS Nearly 94% of Salmonella isolates were recovered from ≤ 5-year-old patients, and 99% of isolates were non-typhoidal. While we found extensive diversity among Salmonella isolates, serogroup D (46%) predominated, and Salmonella Enteritidis (41%) was the most common serotype that showed the highest antimicrobial susceptibility rate (> 96%). For the first time in Iran, S. Newport serotype from human specimens was isolated. Most isolates were sensitive to all test antimicrobials, but 35% of isolates were not-typed (NT) that showed the highest resistance with 48% being resistant to ≥ 1 test antimicrobial. Majority of isolates made weak (or no) biofilm, and we found a weak association between antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm production, or virulence genes csgD, pefA, and bcsA. CONCLUSIONS The most effective measure that may control pediatric salmonellosis outbreaks is raising awareness of parents of preschoolers about food safety. Isolation of highly diverse Salmonella serotypes, including many commonly isolated from animals, indicates widespread contamination of the food chain. Majority of serotypes were sensitive to first-line antimicrobials, thus presently, pediatric Salmonella infections in this region may be controlled by conventional antimicrobials. However, despite the current trend, an imminent emergence of resistant Salmonella strains is foreseen, since various serotypes resistant to > 1 antimicrobial agent are typically associated with animals. Our results warrant further investigation that includes correlation analysis of clinical data regarding treatment outcomes, and serotype attributes like virulence genes.
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Sharan M, Vijay D, Dhaka P, Bedi JS, Gill JPS. Biofilms as a microbial hazard in the food industry: A scoping review. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:2210-2234. [PMID: 35945912 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms pose a serious public health hazard with a significant economic impact on the food industry. The present scoping review is designed to analyze the literature published during 2001-2020 on biofilm formation of microbes, their detection methods, and association with antimicrobial resistance (if any). The peer-reviewed articles retrieved from 04 electronic databases were assessed using PRISMA-ScR guidelines. From the 978 preliminary search results, a total of 88 publications were included in the study. On analysis, the commonly isolated pathogens were Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Bacillus spp., Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Clostridium perfringens. The biofilm-forming ability of microbes was found to be influenced by various factors such as attachment surfaces, temperature, presence of other species, nutrient availability etc. A total of 18 studies characterized the biofilm-forming genes, particularly for S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli. In most studies, polystyrene plate and/or stainless-steel coupons were used for biofilm formation, and the detection was carried out by crystal violet assays and/or by plate counting method. The strain-specific significant differences in biofilm formation were observed in many studies, and few studies carried out analysis of multi-species biofilms. The association between biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance wasn't clearly defined. Further, viable but non-culturable (VBNC) form of the foodborne pathogens is posing an unseen (by conventional cultivation techniques) but potent threat food safety. The present review recommends the need for carrying out systematic surveys and risk analysis of biofilms in food chain to highlight the evidence-based public health concerns, especially in regions where microbiological food hazards are quite prevalent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Sharan
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepthi Vijay
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India.,Present Address: Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kerala, India
| | - Pankaj Dhaka
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
| | - Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India
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K.C N, Noatia L, Priyadarshini S, M P, Gali JM, Ali MA, Behera S, Sharma B, Roychoudhury P, Kumar A, Behera P. Recoding anaerobic regulator fnr of Salmonella Typhimurium attenuates it's pathogenicity. Microb Pathog 2022; 168:105591. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Anti-Biofilms’ Activity of Garlic and Thyme Essential Oils against Salmonella typhimurium. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072182. [PMID: 35408576 PMCID: PMC9000680 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm control by essential oil (EO) application has recently increased to preclude biofilm production on foods and environmental surfaces. In this work, the anti-biofilm effects of garlic and thyme essential oils using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) method against Salmonella typhimurium recovered from different abattoir samples were investigated along with the virulence genes (InvA, SdiA and Stn genes), and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of S. typhimurium as well. The obtained results revealed that S. typhimurium contaminated abattoir samples to varying degrees. The InvA gene was investigated in all isolates, whereas the SdiA and Stn genes were observed in four and three isolates, respectively. Utilizing the disc diffusion method, S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated substantial resistance to most of the examined antibiotics with a high multiple antibiotic resistance index. S. typhimurium isolates demonstrated biofilm formation abilities to various degrees at varied temperatures levels (4 °C and 37 °C). In conclusion, the obtained samples from the research area are regarded as a potential S. typhimurium contamination source. Furthermore, garlic essential oil (GEO) has more potential to inhibit S. typhimurium biofilm at different sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations as compared to thyme essential oil (TEO). Therefore, these EOs are considered as potential natural antibacterial options that could be applied in food industry.
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Sanyal S, Chelliah R, Kim T, Rabelo M, Oh DH, Pham DP, Yi J. Crack resistance of a noble green hydrophobic antimicrobial sealing coating film against environmental corrosion applied on the steel-cement interface for power insulators. RSC Adv 2022; 12:10126-10141. [PMID: 35424936 PMCID: PMC8968190 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00747a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their great load-bearing capabilities, steel–cement interface structures are commonly employed in construction projects, and power utilities including electric insulators. The service life of the steel–cement interface is always decreasing owing to fracture propagation in the cement helped by steel corrosion. In this paper, a noble crack-resistant solution for steel–cement interfaces utilized in hostile outdoor environments is proposed. A Ce-rich, homogeneous, and thick hydrophobic sealing coating (HSC) is developed on the steel–cement interface after 60 minutes of immersion in a 60 000 ppm CeCl3·7H2O sealing coating solution. The specimens treated with optimized HSC film demonstrate fissure filling, lowest corrosion current (Icorr) 2.3 × 10−7 A cm−2, maximum hardness (109 Hv), oxide-jacking resistance (40 years), hydrophobic characteristics, carbonation resistance, and bacterial corrosion resistance, resulting in a crack-free steel–cement interface. This work will pave the way for a new branch of environmentally acceptable coatings for the construction and power industries. Due to their great load-bearing capabilities, steel–cement interface structures are commonly employed in construction projects, and power utilities including electric insulators.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Simpy Sanyal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Ramachandran Chelliah
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea.,Kangwon Institute of Inclusive Technology (KIIT), Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Matheus Rabelo
- Interdisciplinary Program in Photovoltaic System Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Deog-Hawn Oh
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University Chuncheon 24341 Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Phong Pham
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
| | - Junsin Yi
- College of Information and Communication Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University Suwon 16419 Republic of Korea
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Inactivation of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Foodborne Pathogens Using Epsilon Poly-L-Lysin Conjugated Chitosan Nanoparticles. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040569. [PMID: 35206046 PMCID: PMC8871342 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A mixed culture (polymicrobial) biofilm provides a favorable environment for pathogens to persist in the food processing environment and to contaminate food products. Inactivation and eradication of such biofilms from food processing environments are achieved by using harsh disinfectants, but their toxicity and environmentally hostile characteristics are unsustainable. This study aims to use food-grade natural nanoparticulated antimicrobials to control mixed-culture biofilms. Chitosan, a natural broad-spectrum antimicrobial biopolymer (polysaccharide) from crustaceans, was derivatized to produce chitosan nanoparticles (ChNP) as a carrier for another broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent, ε-poly-L-lysine (PL), to synthesize ChNP-PL conjugate. The antimicrobial activity of ChNP and ChNP-PL was tested against mixed-culture biofilms. ChNP-PL (~100 nm) exhibited a synergistic antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effect against mono or mixed-culture biofilms of five foodborne pathogens, including Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. ChNP-PL treatment prevented biofilm formation by mono or mixed cultures of L. monocytogenes, P. aeruginosa, and E. coli O157:H7, and bacterial counts were either below the detection limit or caused 3.5–5 log reduction. ChNP-PL also inactivated preformed biofilms. In monoculture biofilm, ChNP-PL treatment reduced L. monocytogenes counts by 4.5 logs, S. Enteritidis by 2 logs, E. coli by 2 logs, and S. aureus by 0.5 logs, while ChNP-PL had no inhibitory effect on P. aeruginosa. In vitro mammalian cell-based cytotoxicity analysis confirmed ChNP-PL to have no deleterious effect on intestinal HCT-8 cell line. In conclusion, our results show ChNP-PL has strong potential to prevent the formation or inactivation of preformed polymicrobial biofilms of foodborne pathogens.
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Montso PK, Bezuidenhout CC, Mienie C, Somorin YM, Odeyemi OA, Mlambo V, Ateba CN. Genetic diversity and whole genome sequence analysis data of multidrug resistant atypical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli O177 strains: An assessment of food safety and public health implications. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 365:109555. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antimicrobial Resistance and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis Strains Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Poland. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9080643. [PMID: 32784631 PMCID: PMC7459949 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9080643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica ser. Enteritidis (S. enterica ser. Enteritidis) is the most frequently detected serovar in human salmonellosis, and its ability to produce a biofilm and the risk of transmission from animals and food of animal origin to humans are significant. The main aim of the present work was to compare S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry and human feces in terms of resistance profiles, prevalence of selected resistance genes, and their potential for biofilm formation, by assessing their biofilm growth intensity, the prevalence and expression of selected genes associated with this phenomenon, and the correlation between increased antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation ability of the two tested groups of S. enterica ser. Enteritidis. This study showed a difference in antimicrobial resistance (minimal inhibitory concentration value) between S. enterica ser. Enteritidis groups; however, the majority of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were isolated from poultry (environmental samples from chicken broilers, turkey broilers, and laying hens). Differences in the prevalence of resistance genes were observed; the most common gene among poultry strains was floR, and that among strains from humans was blaTEM. S. enterica ser. Enteritidis strains isolated from poultry under the tested incubation conditions exhibited better biofilm growth than strains isolated from humans. A higher level of gene expression associated with the production of cellulose was only detected in the S48 strain isolated from poultry. On the other hand, increased expression of genes associated with quorum sensing was observed in two strains isolated from poultry farms and one strain isolated from human feces.
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Nair A, Balasaravanan T, Jadhav S, Mohan V, Kumar C. Harnessing the antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria and Phyllanthus emblica against antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Enteritidis of poultry origin. Vet World 2020; 13:1388-1396. [PMID: 32848315 PMCID: PMC7429395 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.1388-1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: In a scenario of the ineffectiveness of the current drugs against antibiotic-resistant pathogens, the herbal extracts can serve as an alternative remedy. This study appraises the antibacterial potency of Quercus infectoria (gall), Phyllanthus emblica (fruit) individually and synergistically against antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Enteritidis in a time and dose-dependent manner. Further, the antibacterial phytocompounds were identified employing gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Materials and Methods: Preliminary antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was assessed using the agar disk diffusion method. In vitro evaluations of Q. infectoria methanolic extract (QIME) and P. emblica methanolic extract (PEME) against S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis were carried out using plate count method. Results: QIME and PEME at a dose rate of 50 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml, respectively, had a complete bactericidal effect on AMR S. Typhi and S. Enteritidis whereas 10 log10 CFU/ml of exponential growth was seen in untreated control groups. At the lower concentrations, QIME and PEME had a significant bacteriostatic effect (3-6 log10 reduction of the test isolates). The synergistic antibacterial effect obtained from the combination of these two plant extracts at 12.5 mg/ml was superior (p<0.001) than the individual treatments. Phytochemical profiling indicated the presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids in both the plant extracts. GC-MS analysis of QIME and PEME revealed the presence of 16 and 15 antibacterial phytocompounds, respectively. Further 1, 2, 3 Benzenetriol was found as the prominent active principle. Conclusion: The findings validate that QIME and PEME are potential antibacterial agents against AMR S. Typhi, S. Enteritidis and can play a promising role in antimicrobial packaging, poultry feed additives and can also serve as a platform for formulating effective phytotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Nair
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T Balasaravanan
- Department of Biotechnology, Nehru Arts and Science College, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil Jadhav
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vysakh Mohan
- Department of Veterinary Public Health, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chethan Kumar
- Department of Animal Science, Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India
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15
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Manafi L, Aliakbarlu J, Dastmalchi Saei H. Antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation ability of Salmonella serotypes isolated from beef, mutton, and meat contact surfaces at retail. J Food Sci 2020; 85:2516-2522. [PMID: 32671849 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Salmonella isolates recovered from meat (beef and mutton) and meat contact surfaces at retail were investigated to determine their serotype, antibiotic resistance, and biofilm formation ability. Salmonella was found in 29 (24.17%) samples out of 120 samples including 14/50 (28%) of beef, 10/40 (25%) of mutton, and 5/30 (16.67%) of meat contact surfaces. Seven isolates were identified as S. Enteritidis, three as S. Typhimurium, and two as S. Typhi, while the rest of the isolates were considered as other Salmonella spp. All of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent and 48.27% of them were identified as multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella. All (100%) of meat contact surfaces isolates, 42.8% of beef isolates, and 30% of mutton isolates were found to be MDR Salmonella. Resistance to nalidixic acid (100%), tetracycline (79.3%), and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (44.8%) were observed. The gyrA gene was detected in 19 of 29 isolates, but tetA was found in one isolate. All of the serotypes were able to form biofilm (75.86 % moderate and 24.14 % strong) and S. Enteritidis was the strongest biofilm producer. The findings indicated that the majority of Salmonella isolates in this study were MDR and biofilm producer. Then, safety measures such as cleaning and disinfection must be taken to control Salmonella and promote public health. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The present study provides useful information on the prevalence of Salmonella serotypes in meat and meat contact surfaces and their antibiotic resistance patterns as well as biofilm formation capacities. Improving hygiene practices in livestock, slaughterhouses, and at retails may reduce the risk of meat contamination to Salmonella. Meanwhile, high levels of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolates emphasized on the improper use of antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Manafi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Javad Aliakbarlu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Habib Dastmalchi Saei
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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16
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Hai D, Yin X, Lu Z, Lv F, Zhao H, Bie X. Occurrence, drug resistance, and virulence genes of Salmonella isolated from chicken and eggs. Food Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2020.107109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Yin B, Zhu L, Zhang Y, Dong P, Mao Y, Liang R, Niu L, Luo X. The Characterization of Biofilm Formation and Detection of Biofilm-Related Genes in Salmonella Isolated from Beef Processing Plants. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2018; 15:660-667. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2018.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Binru Yin
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lixian Zhu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Pengcheng Dong
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Yanwei Mao
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Rongrong Liang
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Lebao Niu
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Department of Food Science, College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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18
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Lamas A, Regal P, Vázquez B, Miranda JM, Cepeda A, Franco CM. Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilm formation: a comparative assessment from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:4014-4032. [PMID: 29424050 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It takes several steps to bring food from the farm to the fork (dining table), and contamination with food-borne pathogens can occur at any point in the process. Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the main microorganisms responsible for foodborne disease in the EU. These two pathogens are able to persist throughout the food supply chain thanks to their ability to form biofilms. Owing to the high prevalence of Salmonella and especially of Campylobacter in the food supply chain and the huge efforts of food authorities to reduce these levels, it is of great importance to fully understand their mechanisms of persistence. Diverse studies have evaluated the biofilm-forming capacity of foodborne pathogens isolated at different steps of food production. Nonetheless, the principal obstacle of these studies is to reproduce the real conditions that microorganisms encounter in the food supply chain. While there are a wide number of Salmonella biofilm studies, information on Campylobacter biofilms is still limited. A comparison between the two microorganisms could help to develop new research in the field of Campylobacter biofilms. Therefore, this review evaluates relevant work in the field of Salmonella and Campylobacter biofilms and the applicability of the data obtained from these studies to real working conditions. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Lamas
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patricia Regal
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - José M Miranda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Cepeda
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Carlos M Franco
- Laboratorio de Higiene Inspección y Control de Alimentos, Departamento de Química Analítica, Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
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19
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Chuah LO, Shamila Syuhada AK, Mohamad Suhaimi I, Farah Hanim T, Rusul G. Genetic relatedness, antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation of Salmonella isolated from naturally contaminated poultry and their processing environment in northern Malaysia. Food Res Int 2018; 105:743-751. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Fardsanei F, Soltan Dallal MM, Douraghi M, Memariani H, Bakhshi B, Zahraei Salehi T, Nikkhahi F. Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes and genetic relatedness of Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates recovered from human gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2017; 12:220-226. [PMID: 29045813 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis is a major serotype associated with human salmonellosis. The main objective of this study was to determine the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the presence of virulence-associated genes among S. Enteritidis strains isolated from patients with gastroenteritis in Tehran, Iran. METHODS Over a period of 14 months (May 2015 to July 2016), 44 S. Enteritidis isolates recovered from clinical sources were characterised for antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence genes. Possible genetic relatedness among the strains was also assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS Salmonella Enteritidis isolates showed high rates of resistance to ciprofloxacin (90.9%) and nalidixic acid (77.3%). Of the 44 S. Enteritidis isolates, 30 (68.2%) were resistant to three or more antibiotics. Twenty-two different antimicrobial resistance patterns were detected among the isolates. The most frequent resistance type was antibiotype 14 (resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime and nalidixic acid), occurring in 8 (18.2%) of the isolates. Notably, all of the isolates carried invA, sefA, sipA and sopE2 virulence genes. Furthermore, 17 virulence profiles were observed among the strains. The most common virulence profile was VP1 (n=17; 38.6%), harbouring all of the virulence genes. Two distinct PFGE patterns were observed among 44S. Enteritidis isolates. There was no association between virulence profiles or antibiotypes and PFGE clusters. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study provides valuable information on the virulence gene content, antibiotic resistance and genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis isolated from human sources in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Memariani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Bakhshi
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Medical Microbiology Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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21
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Kim JE, Lee YJ. Molecular characterization of antimicrobial resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella from poultry industries in Korea. Ir Vet J 2017; 70:20. [PMID: 28603604 PMCID: PMC5465467 DOI: 10.1186/s13620-017-0095-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistant Salmonella strains are a direct threat to human health when this resistance interferes with treatment and an indirect threat when resistance can be transferred to other human pathogens. The objective of the present study was to characterize antimicrobial resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) isolates recovered from poultry industries, including a description of genetic diversity and virulence profiles. Results In total of 93 Salmonella isolates shown antimicrobial resistance to one or more drugs, all isolates exhibited common resistance to streptomycin, nalidixic acid and cephalothin but no ciprofloxacin resistance. Among 26 virulence gene profiling, 12 virulence genes, invA, orgA, prgH, sopB, tolC, sipB, gatC, msgA, pagC, spiA, sifA, and sitC were found in all antimicrobial-resistant NTS isolates. In comparing the data from ERIC-PCR clusters, virulence profiles and resistance profiles, some Salmonella isolates grouped into the same cluster were found to exhibit similar virulence and resistance patterns. Conclusions Virulence profiling combined with ERIC-PCR offered a rapid approach to characterize antimicrobial-resistant NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Eui Kim
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566 Republic of Korea
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22
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Fardsanei F, Soltan Dallal MM, Douraghi M, Zahraei Salehi T, Mahmoodi M, Memariani H, Nikkhahi F. Genetic diversity and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis isolated from meats and eggs. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:451-456. [PMID: 28433796 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is one of the leading causes of food-borne gastroenteritis associated with the consumption of contaminated food products of animal origin. Little is known about the genetic diversity and virulence content of S. Enteritidis isolated from poultry meats and eggs in Iran. A total of 34 S. Enteritidis strains were collected from different food sources of animal origin in Tehran from May 2015 to July 2016. All of the S. Enteritidis strains were serotyped, antimicrobial susceptibility tested, and characterized for virulence genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was also applied for comparison of genetic relatedness. All of the strains harbored invA, hilA, ssrA, sefA, spvC, and sipA genes. A high prevalence of resistance against certain antibiotics such as cefuroxime (79.4%), nalidixic acid (47%), and ciprofloxacin (44.2%) was also observed. Regarding PFGE, S. Enteritidis strains from different sources showed considerable overlap, suggesting the lack of diversity among these isolates. Moreover, no correlation between virulence profiles or antibiotypes and PFGE clusters was observed. In conclusion, our study provided valuable information on virulence gene content, antibiotic resistance, and genetic diversity of S. Enteritidis isolated from food sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardsanei
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Soltan Dallal
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoumeh Douraghi
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Food Microbiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Taghi Zahraei Salehi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Mahmoodi
- Dept. Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Memariani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nikkhahi
- Department of Microbiology, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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23
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Zadernowska A, Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W. Prevalence, biofilm formation and virulence markers of Salmonella sp. and Yersinia enterocolitica in food of animal origin in Poland. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Durel CA, Ferry T, Vaz G, Perpoint T, Chidiac C, Valour F. Chronic tibial pandiaphysitis with Brodie abscess due to Salmonella saprophyticus in a 29-year-old healthy man. Int J Infect Dis 2016; 52:12-13. [PMID: 27637416 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile-Audrey Durel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Referral Centre for Bone and Joint Infection, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France.
| | - Tristan Ferry
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Referral Centre for Bone and Joint Infection, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; INSERM U1111, International Centre for Research in Infectiology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Gualter Vaz
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Centre Médico-chirurgical de Réadaptation des Massues, Lyon, France
| | - Thomas Perpoint
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Referral Centre for Bone and Joint Infection, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Christian Chidiac
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Referral Centre for Bone and Joint Infection, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; INSERM U1111, International Centre for Research in Infectiology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Florent Valour
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Regional Referral Centre for Bone and Joint Infection, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69004 Lyon, France; INSERM U1111, International Centre for Research in Infectiology, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
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