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Arent Z, Gilmore C, Pardyak L, Dubniewicz K, McInerney B, Ellis W. The serological and genetic diversity of the Leptospira interrogans Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup circulating in the UK. J Vet Res 2023; 67:529-536. [PMID: 38130449 PMCID: PMC10730551 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2023-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Strains of Leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars, Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni, have been associated with disease in mammalian species and are the most frequently reported agents of human leptospirosis. They are considered the most pathogenic serovars and represent more than half of the leptospires encountered in severe human infections. Material and Methods Nineteen such isolates from the United Kingdom - human, domestic and wildlife species - were typed using three monoclonal antibodies (F12 C3, F70 C14 and F70 C24) in an attempt to elucidate their epidemiology. They were further examined by restriction endonuclease analysis (REA), multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and lic12008 gene sequence analysis. Results Monoclonal antibody F12 C3, which is highly specific for Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni, confirmed that all the strains belonged to these two serovars. Sixteen strains were identified as Copenhageni and three as Icterohaemorrhagiae serovar. Only one restriction pattern type was identified, thus confirming that REA is not able to discriminate between the Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni serovars. Variable-number tandem-repeat analysis found three loci with differences in the repeat number, indicating genetic diversity between British isolates. Sequences of the lic12008 gene showed that all isolates identified as the Icterohaemorrhagiae serotype have a single base insertion, in contrast to the same sequences of the Copenhageni serotype. Conclusion Copenhageni is the predominant serovar in the Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup isolated in British Isles. There is a genetic diversity of MLVA patterns of the isolates but no genetic tool used in the study was able to determine serovars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Arent
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248Kraków, Poland
| | - Colm Gilmore
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - Laura Pardyak
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248Kraków, Poland
| | - Klaudia Dubniewicz
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, Centre of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248Kraków, Poland
| | - Barry McInerney
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - William Ellis
- Veterinary Sciences Division, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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Tokarevich NK, Blinova OV. Leptospirosis in Vietnam. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTION AND IMMUNITY 2022. [DOI: 10.15789/2220-7619-liv-1988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis poses a serious public health problem in many countries because about 1 million people suffer annually from this severe, often fatal, infection. At present, its importance has been increasing due to development of integration processes, globalization and intensification of economic activities, inevitable anthropogenic transformation of landscapes as well as rise in number of people with occupational risk of pathogen exposure. The burden of human leptospirosis is expected to rise with demographic shifts and climate change that result in heavy rainfall and flooding. Regarding leptospirosis, Southeast Asia, including Vietnam, is among the most vulnerable global regions. The objective of the review was to analyze available published data on the spread of leptospirosis in Vietnam. More than 100 research articles were analyzed allowing to state that in Vietnam synanthropic rodents (rats), agricultural (buffaloes, cattle, pigs) and domestic animals (cats, dogs) are the main sources of leptospirosis infection in humans. It is essential that rats (cats and dogs also) in Vietnam are used for food. Among all farm animals, pigs are of maximal importance as a source of infection in humans. In Vietnam, Leptospira prevalence in pigs varies widely, up to 73%. It depends significantly on the location, farm size, age and gender of animals, etc. A large variety of Leptospira serovars have been identified in pigs in Vietnam: Tarassovi, Bratislava, Australis, Javanica, Autumnalis, Grippotyphosa, and some others. Official Vietnam reporting of leptospirosis cases based on clinical data does not reflect the real-life incidence rate in humans. However, the available seroprevalence studies reveal that, on average, about 10% of the Vietnamese population are infected with Leptospira. Work in agriculture is the dominant risk factor for acquiring this infection. The highest Leptospira seroprevalence rates were detected in farmers, 63.2%. Serovar diversity is typical for pathogenic Leptospira circulating in Vietnam. In humans, the most frequent are antibodies to Hebdomadis, Wolffi and Icterohaemorrhagiae, but the frequency varied markedly across the country depending on the site, possibly with relation to the environment, as well as with economic activity of the local population. In Vietnam, geographic, climatic and social differences between northern, central and southern regions contribute to the specificity of local leptospirosis epidemiology. This emphasizes the advisability of developing special measures for leptospirosis prevention taking into account regional peculiarities.
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3
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Koizumi N, Morita M, Nuradji H, Noor SM, Dharmayanti NLPI, Randusari P, Mu JJ, Solante RM, Saito N, Ariyoshi K, Ha HTT, Wada T, Akeda Y, Miura K. Comparative genomic analysis of Leptospira spp. isolated from Rattus norvegicus in Indonesia. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 102:105306. [PMID: 35618255 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent zoonotic diseases caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira spp. The disease has become a public health concern in urban localities in the tropics, where rats serve as significant reservoir animals for leptospirosis transmission. In Indonesia, the occurrence of leptospirosis is underestimated, and information on the causative Leptospira genotypes and serotypes is limited. This study reports the isolation of Leptospira spp. from rats captured in urban areas of Bogor, Indonesia. Serogroups and genotypes, sequence types (STs), or multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) types using 11 loci, were determined for the isolates. Furthermore, whole genome sequencing (WGS) was performed on 11 Indonesian isolates and 24 isolates from other Asian countries. Ninety small mammals, including 80 Rattus norvegicus and ten Suncus murinus, were captured and, 25 Leptospira spp. were isolated solely from R. norvegicus (31.3%). The isolates were identified as Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica with ST 143 (four strains) and Leptospira interrogans serogroup Bataviae with the same MLVA type as isolates from other Asian countries (19); the serogroup of the two L. interrogans with ST252 could not be identified. The core genome SNP-based phylogenetic tree revealed that Indonesian isolates were genetically related to L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica strains widely distributed in Asian countries but formed a different cluster from other strains. The phylogenetic tree of L. interrogans serogroup Bataviae isolates from Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam revealed that isolates were grouped into five clusters based on their geographic locations. This study discovered a high carriage rate of Leptospira spp. among R. norvegicus in Bogor, Indonesia, indicating a potential risk of rat-borne leptospirosis in the area. Besides L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica, WGS on L. interrogans serogroup Bataviae illustrated the geographical structuring of genetic diversity in Leptospira spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Harimurti Nuradji
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), Jl. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java 16114, Indonesia
| | - Susan M Noor
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), Jl. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java 16114, Indonesia
| | - N L P Indi Dharmayanti
- Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science (BB Litvet), Jl. RE Martadinata No. 30, Bogor, West Java 16114, Indonesia
| | | | - Jung-Jung Mu
- Bacterial Enteric and Emerging Diseases Laboratory, Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, No. 161 Kun-Yang Street, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Rontgene M Solante
- San Lazaro Hospital, Quiricada St Santa Cruz, Manila, Metro Manila 1003, Philippines
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, 1-1 Idaigaoka, Hasamamachi, Yufu, Oita 879-5593, Japan; School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Koya Ariyoshi
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan; Department of Clinical Tropical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Science, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hoang Thi Thu Ha
- Department of Bacteriology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi 10000, Viet Nam
| | - Takayuki Wada
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kozue Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Kakita T, Kuba Y, Kyan H, Okano S, Morita M, Koizumi N. Molecular and serological epidemiology of Leptospira infection in cats in Okinawa Island, Japan. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10365. [PMID: 33990653 PMCID: PMC8121857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89872-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. Cats have been reported to be infected with Leptospira spp. and shed the bacteria in the urine. However, the importance of cats as an infection source for humans remains unclear. In this study, Leptospira infection in cats in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, where leptospirosis is endemic, was investigated by leptospiral antibody and DNA detection using microscopic agglutination test and nested PCR, respectively. Moreover, multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were conducted on the Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica isolated from cats, black rats, a mongoose, and humans. Anti-Leptospira antibodies were detected in 16.6% (40/241) of the cats tested, and the predominant reactive serogroup was Javanica. The leptospiral flaB gene was detected in 7.1% (3/42) of cat urine samples, and their sequences were identical and identified as L. borgpetersenii. MLST and WGS revealed the genetic relatedness of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica isolates. This study indicated that most seropositive cats had antibodies against the serogroup Javanica and that cats excreted L. borgpetersenii in the urine after infection. Further, genetic relatedness between cat and human isolates suggests that cats may be a maintenance host for L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica and a source for human infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan.
| | - Yumani Kuba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
| | - Sho Okano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa, 904-2241, Japan
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, 1-2-2 Izumizaki, Naha-shi, Okinawa, 900-8570, Japan
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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Shinya S, Muraoka Y, Negishi D, Koizumi N. Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira spp. among wild mammals and a dog in Amami Oshima Island, Japan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249987. [PMID: 33886632 PMCID: PMC8061989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by the pathogenic Leptospira spp. Canine and human leptospirosis sometimes occur on Amami Oshima Island, located in the Nansei Archipelago, southwestern Japan; however, information on the causative Leptospira spp. on this island is quite limited. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and serological characteristics of Leptospira spp. isolated from wild animals and a dog in Amami Oshima Island. We obtained seven Leptospira strains by culturing kidney tissues of wild animals, such as black rats (2), wild boars (3), and rabbit (1) as well as blood from a symptomatic dog. Using flaB sequencing and microscopic agglutination test with antisera for 18 serovars, the isolates were identified as Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroups Javanica (black rat), L. interrogans serogroup Australis (black rat and dog), and L. interrogans serogroup Hebdomadis (wild boar and rabbit). The sequence type (ST) of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica was determined to be ST143 via multilocus sequence typing (MLST) using seven housekeeping genes. For L. interrogans, MLST and multiple-locus variable-tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) revealed identical ST and MLVA types in rat and canine isolates, whereas two STs and MLVA types were identified in wild boar isolates. The STs and MLVA types of rabbit and one of the wild boars were identical. Bacterial culture and flaB-nested polymerase chain reaction demonstrated a high rate of Leptospira infection in wild boars (58.3%, 7/12), whereas Leptospira spp. were detected in 4.8% of black rats (2/42). This study revealed diverse Leptospira genotype and serotype maintenance in wild mammals on Amami Oshima Island. MLST and MLVA indicated that black rats were a source of canine infection. Wild boars carry L. interrogans and are considered an important maintenance host because antibodies against serogroup Hebdomadis were detected in human and canine leptospirosis patients on this island.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Shinya
- Yuinoshima Animal Clinic, Amami-City, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (NK)
| | | | - Daigo Negishi
- Yuinoshima Animal Clinic, Amami-City, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (SS); (NK)
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Koizumi N, Morita M, Pheng V, Wann C, Masuoka H, Higa Y, Wada T, Hirayama K, Ohnishi M, Miura K. Rat trade and leptospirosis: Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira species in rats exported from Cambodia to Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 69:1641-1648. [PMID: 33735490 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rats are an important maintenance host of Leptospira spp., the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Rats are traded as food in the Mekong Delta, where Cambodia exports tons of rats to Vietnam. Handling wild rats is a potential health risk, but the information on Leptospira spp. carried by rats traded in the region remains limited. In this study, we investigated the carriage of Leptospira spp. in rats exported from Cambodia to Vietnam using bacterial culture, nested PCR and DNA sequencing. Isolates were then assessed using serological analysis and whole-genome sequencing (WGS), and Leptospira DNA detected in rat kidney tissues was also analysed by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Seventy-two rats (2 Bandicota indica, 57 Rattus argentiventer, 11 R. losea, 1 R. norvegicus and 1 R. rattus) were subjected to bacterial culture, and three L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica isolates were obtained from R. argentiventer (5.3%). WGS revealed that although Cambodian isolates were genetically related to L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica strains widely distributed in East and South-East Asian countries, they formed a different cluster from other strains. In addition to the three L. borgpetersenii sequences, the flaB sequence of L. interrogans was detected in 18 R. argentiventer and 7 R. losea kidney tissue samples (38.9%) using nested PCR followed by DNA sequencing. The L. interrogans flaB-positive samples were further analysed by MLST, revealing that seven housekeeping genes (glmU, pntA, sucA, tpiA, pfkB, mreA and caiB) contained novel sequences with distinct lineages from other sequence types. This study revealed a high prevalence of Leptospira spp. among rats exported from Cambodia to Vietnam, indicating a potential risk to people engaging in rat trade and demonstrating that a fastidious L. interrogans strain circulates among Cambodian rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vutha Pheng
- Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Chinda Wann
- Prek Leap National Institute of Agriculture, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hiroaki Masuoka
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Higa
- Department of Medical Entomology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Wada
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hirayama
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozue Miura
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Xu J, Koizumi N, Nakamura S. Crawling Motility on the Host Tissue Surfaces Is Associated With the Pathogenicity of the Zoonotic Spirochete Leptospira. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1886. [PMID: 32849465 PMCID: PMC7419657 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial motility is crucial for many pathogenic species in the process of invasion and/or dissemination. The spirochete bacteria Leptospira spp. cause symptoms, such as hemorrhage, jaundice, and nephritis, in diverse mammals including humans. Although loss-of-motility attenuate the spirochete's virulence, the mechanism of the motility-dependent pathogenicity is unknown. Here, focusing on that Leptospira spp. swim in liquid and crawl on solid surfaces, we investigated the spirochetal dynamics on the host tissues by infecting cultured kidney cells from various species with pathogenic and non-pathogenic leptospires. We found that, in the case of the pathogenic leptospires, a larger fraction of bacteria attached to the host cells and persistently traveled long distances using the crawling mechanism. Our results associate the kinetics and kinematic features of the spirochetal pathogens with their virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xu
- Department of Animal Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Nakamura
- Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Koizumi N, Izumiya H, Ohnishi M. Genetic relatedness of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Autumnalis isolated from humans, dogs, and mice in Japan. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:369. [PMID: 32746895 PMCID: PMC7398373 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05211-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira spp., and peridomiciliary rodents are the most important reservoir animals for human infection. Dogs are known to be the reservoir animal of L. interrogans serovar Canicola, but the importance of dogs in zoonotic transmission of other Leptospira serotypes/genotypes remains unclear. This study reports the isolation of L. interrogans serogroup Autumnalis from two human patients in Japan and describes the genetic comparison between canine and mouse isolates using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). RESULTS MLVA revealed that 8 out of the 11 loci compared were identical between the two human isolates. The human isolates clustered with the dog but not the mouse isolates. Moreover, the profile of one of the human isolates was identical to that of one of the dog isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Hidemasa Izumiya
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
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9
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Koizumi N, Wada T, Morita M, Mu JJ, Ohnishi M. Comparative genomic analysis of Leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica isolated from Rattus species in Southern Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2020; 85:104447. [PMID: 32619638 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Leptospira spp. are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonosis that occurs worldwide, and are maintained by various mammals. Recent molecular typing studies have indicated the existence of a specific Leptospira genotype-host association; however, few studies have shown the colonization of a single genotype in multiple animal genera. To gain further insights into the Leptospira genotype-host association, we conducted whole genome sequencing of 35 strains of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica isolated from various Rattus species in Southern Japan, Philippines, and Taiwan. The SNP-based phylogenetic tree showed that the strains were grouped into five clusters based on their geographic location, indicating geographical structuring of genetic diversity in L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica strains. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica can infect various animal species, thus making these strains generalist pathogens. This study reports the whole genome comparison of L. borgpetersenii serogroup Javanica strains isolated from Rattus species in East Asian states. The data herein suggest that the serogroup Javanica strains can infect the dominant Rattus species in each region and can be genetically diversified in a geographic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Wada
- Department of International Health and Medical Anthropology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Masatomo Morita
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Jung-Jung Mu
- Bacterial Enteric and Emerging Diseases Laboratory, Center for Research, Diagnostics and Vaccine Development, Centers for Disease Control, Taiwan, No. 161 Kun-Yang Street, Taipei 11561, Taiwan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Kakita T, Kyan H, Miyahira M, Takara T, Nakama E, Kuba Y, Kato T, Nidaira M, Kudaka J, Koizumi N. Novel genotypes of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe isolated from human patients in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:587-590. [PMID: 32427562 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira species. It is a public health issue in the tropics, including Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. This study reports the first isolation of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe from two human patients in Japan, and describes its molecular characterization using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLST on the two isolates, 168036 and 178129, showed that pfkB in 178129 is a novel allele, and that both isolates constitute novel sequence types (STs); ST286 for 168036 and ST287 for 178129. A minimum spanning tree based on seven alleles of L. interrogans indicates that both isolates are genetically close, but are distinct from known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains. MLVA using 11 loci demonstrated that seven of the 11 loci were identical between the two isolates, whereas the identity between the isolates and the seven reference strains of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe was zero to three loci. These results indicate that the isolates investigated in this study have novel genotypes, and are genetically closest to each other among the known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Takara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Eri Nakama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yumani Kuba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Jun Kudaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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11
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Molecular epidemiology of Leptospira interrogans in Rattus norvegicus in Hanoi, Vietnam. Acta Trop 2019; 194:204-208. [PMID: 30965020 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that is caused by pathogenic spirochaetes of Leptospira spp. and it has become a public health concern in urban localities in the tropics. Rats are important reservoir animals for the transmission of leptospirosis in urban areas. Leptospirosis is considered endemic in Vietnam. However, information on the causative Leptospira genotypes and serotypes in the country is limited. We investigated the carrier status of Leptospira spp. in rats captured in Hanoi by culturing and DNA detection. Isolates were characterized using a serological method and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). We captured 144 rats (1 Rattus argentiventer, 135 R. norvegicus, and 8 R. rattus) and obtained 17 L. interrogans, determined by rrs sequencing, from R. norvegicus (12.6%). Sixteen of the isolates were serogroup Bataviae. Five of the 16 isolates exhibited an MLVA type identical to that of the serovar Bataviae reference strain Van Tienen, while there were nine repeats for the other 11 isolates at VNTR31 compared with the reference strain. The remaining isolate grew poorly, and we were unable to determine its serogroup. However, it had an MLVA type matching those of serogroup Pomona strains isolated from R. norvegicus in Japan. Three different flaB sequences were detected in 23 out of 81 R. norvegicus kidney tissue samples (28.4%) using nested PCR followed by DNA sequencing. Two of the sequences were identical with those of serogroups Bataviae and Pomona, and no strain with another sequence was detected in the present study. The present study reveals a high prevalence rate of L. interrogans among R. norvegicus in Hanoi, Vietnam, indicating a potential risk of rat-borne leptospirosis in the area. The present study also demonstrates that a fastidious L. interrogans strain circulates among rats and that molecular detection is crucial in facilitating the accurate determination of reservoir animals.
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12
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Zhang C, Li Z, Xu Y, Zhang Y, Li S, Zhang J, Cui S, Du Z, Xin X, Chang YF, Jiang X, Ye Q. Genetic diversity of Leptospira interrogans circulating isolates and vaccine strains in China from 1954-2014. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:381-387. [PMID: 30260259 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1528839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is one of the most important but neglected, infectious tropical diseases worldwide. Leptospira interrogans is now recognized as a leading cause of the disease. Little is known of the genetic diversity and phylogenetic characteristics of L. interrogans within China. To better understand the transmission and genetic diversity of L. interrogans populations, we characterized 271 isolates and seven vaccine strains from China during 1954-2014 using multilocus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). 110 different L. interrogans MLVA profiles (MTs) were identified, of which five were predominant, reflecting a high level of genetic diversity in L. interrogans population in China. Different from that of circulating isolates, seven vaccine strains have different MT, of which some are phylogenetically away from the circulating isolates. The results showed that Icterohaemorrhagiae, Hebdomadis, and Canicola ranked as the top three serogroups among L. interrogans strains tested. The cluster analysis demonstrate the clonal links between rodent and human isolates, suggesting the rodent species played a key role in the transmission of leptospirosis to humans, and contributed to the circulation of the pathogen in humans. Taken together, these findings should provide insight into a better knowledge of the epidemiology and molecular evolution of L. interrogans in China. Furthermore, the results should facilitate the selection of candidate vaccine strains in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuicai Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Li
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghua Xu
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shijun Li
- d Guizhou Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Guiyang , People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghui Cui
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongli Du
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofang Xin
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- e Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences , Cornell University , Ithaca , NY , USA
| | - Xiugao Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control , National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention , Beijing , People's Republic of China.,b Collaborative Innovation Centre for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Ye
- c Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products , National Institutes for Food and Drug Control , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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13
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Jaeger L, Loureiro A, Lilenbaum W. VNTR analysis demonstrates new patterns and high genetic diversity of Leptospira
sp. of animal origin in Brazil. Lett Appl Microbiol 2018; 67:183-189. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L.H. Jaeger
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
| | - A.P. Loureiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
| | - W. Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology; Department of Microbiology and Parasitology; Universidade Federal Fluminense; Niterói Brazil
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14
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Arent Z, Gilmore C, Barlow AM, Smith L, Ellis WA. Leptospira interrogans
serogroup Pomona infections in the UK: is there a real threat for farm animals? Vet Rec 2017; 180:424. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.103891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Arent
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute; Stoney Road, Stormont Belfast BT4 3SD UK
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, University of Agriculture in Krakow; Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, Krakow 30-059 Poland
| | - C. Gilmore
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute; Stoney Road, Stormont Belfast BT4 3SD UK
| | - A. M. Barlow
- APHA-Starcross VI Centre; Staplake Mount, Starcross Exeter Devon EX6 8PE UK
- Formerly AHVLA Langford; Langford House, Langford Somerset BS40 5DX UK
| | - L. Smith
- Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA); Woodham Lane, New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK
| | - W. A. Ellis
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, Veterinary Sciences Division; Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute; Stoney Road, Stormont Belfast BT4 3SD UK
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15
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Arent ZJ, Gilmore C, San-Miguel Ayanz JM, Neyra LQ, García-Peña FJ. Molecular Epidemiology of Leptospira Serogroup Pomona Infections Among Wild and Domestic Animals in Spain. ECOHEALTH 2017; 14:48-57. [PMID: 28213654 DOI: 10.1007/s10393-017-1210-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Strains of Leptospira serogroup Pomona are known to cause widespread animal infections in many parts of the world. Forty-three isolates retrieved from domestic animals and wild small mammals suggest that serogroup Pomona is epidemiologically relevant in Spain. This is supported by the high prevalence of serovar Pomona antibodies in livestock and wild animals. In this study, the strains were serologically and genetically characterized in an attempt to elucidate their epidemiology. Serological typing was based on the microscopic agglutination test but molecular typing involved species-specific polymerase chain reaction, restriction endonuclease analysis, and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. The study revealed that the infections are caused by two serovars, namely Pomona and Mozdok. Serovar Pomona was derived only from farm animals and may be adapted to pigs, which are recognized as the maintenance host. The results demonstrated that serovar Pomona is genetically heterogeneous and three different types were recognized. This heterogeneity was correlated with different geographical distributions of the isolates. All strains derived from small wild mammals were identified as serovar Mozdok. Some isolates of this serovar retrieved from cattle confirm that this serovar may also be the cause of infections in food-producing animals for which these wild species may be source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z J Arent
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK.
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-AUK, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Kraków, Poland.
| | - C Gilmore
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK
| | | | - L Quevedo Neyra
- ADS JANDAVET, Calle Paterna, Local 4, 11170, Medina Sidonia (Cádiz), Spain
| | - F J García-Peña
- Bacteriology Department 2, Laboratorio Central de Veterinaria de Algete (MAGRAMA), 28110, Algete, Madrid, Spain
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16
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VILLANUEVA MA, MINGALA CN, BALBIN MM, NAKAJIMA C, ISODA N, SUZUKI Y, KOIZUMI N. Molecular epidemiology of pathogenic Leptospira spp. among large ruminants in the Philippines. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:1649-1655. [PMID: 27452879 PMCID: PMC5138416 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The extent of Leptospira infection in large ruminants resulting to economic problems in livestock industry in a leptospirosis-endemic country like the Philippines has not been extensively explored. Therefore, we determined the prevalence and carrier status of leptospirosis in large ruminants using molecular techniques and assessed the risk factors of acquiring leptospirosis in these animals. Water buffalo and cattle urine samples (n=831) collected from 21 farms during 2013-2015 were subjected to flaB-nested PCR to detect pathogenic Leptospira spp. Leptospiral flaB was detected in both species with a detection rate of 16.1%. Leptospiral DNA was detected only in samples from animals managed in communal farms. Sequence analysis of Leptospira flaB in large ruminants revealed the formation of three major clusters with L. borgpetersenii or L. kirschneri. One farm contained Leptospira flaB sequences from all clusters identified in this study, suggesting this farm was the main source of leptospires for other farms. This study suggested that these large ruminants are infected with various pathogenic Leptospira species causing possible major economic loss in the livestock industry as well as potential Leptospira reservoirs that can transmit infection to humans and other animals in the Philippines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin A. VILLANUEVA
- Department of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis
Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020,
Japan
| | - Claro N. MINGALA
- Animal Health Unit, Philippine Carabao Center National
Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Michelle M. BALBIN
- Animal Health Unit, Philippine Carabao Center National
Headquarters and Gene Pool, Science City of Muñoz, 3120 Nueva Ecija Philippines
| | - Chie NAKAJIMA
- Department of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis
Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020,
Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020, Japan
| | - Norikazu ISODA
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020, Japan
- Unit of Risk Analysis and Management, Hokkaido University
Research Center for Zoonosis Control, North 20, West 10 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido
001–0020, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko SUZUKI
- Department of Bioresources, Research Center for Zoonosis
Control, Hokkaido University, Kita 20, Nishi 10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020,
Japan
- Hokkaido University The Global Station for Zoonosis Control,
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001–0020, Japan
| | - Nobuo KOIZUMI
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of
Infectious Diseases, 1–23–1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162–8640, Japan
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17
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Arent Z, Frizzell C, Gilmore C, Allen A, Ellis WA. Leptospira interrogans serovars Bratislava and Muenchen animal infections: Implications for epidemiology and control. Vet Microbiol 2016; 190:19-26. [PMID: 27283852 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Strains of Leptospira interrogans belonging to two very closely related serovars - Bratislava and Muenchen - have been associated with disease in domestic animals, in particular pigs, but also in horses and dogs. Similar strains have also been recovered from various wildlife species. Their epidemiology is poorly understood. Two hundred and forty seven such isolates, from UK domestic animal and wildlife species, were examined by restriction endonuclease analysis in an attempt to elucidate their epidemiology. A representative sub-sample of 65 of these isolates was further examined by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis and 22 by secY sequencing. Ten restriction pattern types were identified. The majority of isolates fell into one of three restriction endonuclease analysis pattern types designated B2a, B2b and M2a. B2a was ubiquitous and was isolated from 10 species and represented the majority of the horse and all dog isolates. B2b was very different, being isolated only from pigs, indicating that this type was maintained by pigs. The pattern M2a was reported for the majority of isolates from pigs but also was common in small rodents isolates. Five restriction pattern types were found only in wildlife suggesting that they are unlikely to pose a disease threat to domestic animals. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis identified six clusters. The REA types B2a and B2b were all found in one MLVA cluster while the majority of the M2a strains examined occurred in another cluster. The secY sequencing detected only one sequence type, clustered with other serovars of Leptospira interrogans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Arent
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, AgriFood and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK; University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UAK, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - C Frizzell
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - C Gilmore
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, AgriFood and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - A Allen
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, AgriFood and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
| | - W A Ellis
- OIE Leptospira Reference Laboratory, AgriFood and Biosciences Institute, Veterinary Sciences Division, Stoney Road, Stormont, Belfast BT4 3SD, UK
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18
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Gomard Y, Dietrich M, Wieseke N, Ramasindrazana B, Lagadec E, Goodman SM, Dellagi K, Tortosa P. Malagasy bats shelter a considerable genetic diversity of pathogenic Leptospira suggesting notable host-specificity patterns. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2016; 92:fiw037. [PMID: 26902801 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiw037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic Leptospira are the causative agents of leptospirosis, a disease of global concern with major impact in tropical regions. Despite the importance of this zoonosis for human health, the evolutionary and ecological drivers shaping bacterial communities in host reservoirs remain poorly investigated. Here, we describe Leptospira communities hosted by Malagasy bats, composed of mostly endemic species, in order to characterize host-pathogen associations and investigate their evolutionary histories. We screened 947 individual bats (representing 31 species, 18 genera and seven families) for Leptospira infection and subsequently genotyped positive samples using three different bacterial loci. Molecular identification showed that these Leptospira are notably diverse and include several distinct lineages mostly belonging to Leptospira borgpetersenii and L. kirschneri. The exploration of the most probable host-pathogen evolutionary scenarios suggests that bacterial genetic diversity results from a combination of events related to the ecology and the evolutionary history of their hosts. Importantly, based on the data set presented herein, the notable host-specificity we have uncovered, together with a lack of geographical structuration of bacterial genetic diversity, indicates that the Leptospira community at a given site depends on the co-occurring bat species assemblage. The implications of such tight host-specificity on the epidemiology of leptospirosis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yann Gomard
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France UMR PIMIT, 'Infectious Processes in Insular Ecosystems', University of La Réunion, INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Research platform of CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Muriel Dietrich
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa
| | - Nicolas Wieseke
- Parallel Computing and Complex Systems Group, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Augustusplatz 10, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Beza Ramasindrazana
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France UMR PIMIT, 'Infectious Processes in Insular Ecosystems', University of La Réunion, INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Research platform of CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Erwan Lagadec
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France UMR PIMIT, 'Infectious Processes in Insular Ecosystems', University of La Réunion, INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Research platform of CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Steven M Goodman
- Association Vahatra, BP 3972, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL 60605-2496, USA
| | - Koussay Dellagi
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France UMR PIMIT, 'Infectious Processes in Insular Ecosystems', University of La Réunion, INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Research platform of CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France Institute for Research for Development (IRD), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
| | - Pablo Tortosa
- Centre for Research and Surveillance of Emerging Diseases in the Indian Ocean (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France UMR PIMIT, 'Infectious Processes in Insular Ecosystems', University of La Réunion, INSERM U 1187, CNRS 9192, IRD 249. Research platform of CYROI, 97490 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France
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