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Kuba Y, Azama Y, Kyan H, Fukuchi Y, Maeshiro N, Kakita T, Miyahira M, Kudeken T, Nidaira M. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus RNA in ticks from wild mongooses in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. Jpn J Infect Dis 2022; 75:612-615. [PMID: 35768272 DOI: 10.7883/yoken.jjid.2021.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging zoonotic tick-borne disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). SFTSV has a wide spectrum of animal hosts and is thought to circulate in an enzootic tick-vertebrate-tick cycle. A previous seroepidemiological study demonstrated the presence of anti-SFTSV antibodies in wild mongooses (Herpestes auropunctatus) and indicated that outdoor activity is associated with an increased risk of tick bites among Okinawa residents. However, the association of SFTSV between wild mongooses and ticks remains unknown. Thus, to understand the association between ticks and mongooses regarding SFTSV circulation, we investigated the presence of SFTSV RNA in ticks collected from wild mongooses on the main island of Okinawa. A total of 638 ticks, belonging to two genera and three species (Haemaphysalis hystricis, Haemaphysalis formosensis, and Ixodes granulatus), were collected from 22 wild mongooses from 2016 to 2020. SFTSV RNA was detected in two pools of H. hystricis larvae collected from a wild mongoose in the central area of the main island of Okinawa in 2017. Although the prevalence of SFTSV in ticks from wild mongooses is low, endemic circulation of the virus in Okinawa should be carefully monitored in the area to prevent future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumani Kuba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Azama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Fukuchi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Maeshiro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kudeken
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Japan
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Kakita T, Okano S, Kyan H, Miyahira M, Taira K, Kitashoji E, Koizumi N. Laboratory diagnostic, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics of human leptospirosis in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, 2003-2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009993. [PMID: 34905535 PMCID: PMC8670671 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leptospirosis is considered an endemic disease among agricultural workers in Okinawa Prefecture, which is the southernmost part of Japan and has a subtropical climate, but data on the current status and trend of this disease are scarce. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We conducted a retrospective study of clinically suspected leptospirosis patients whose sample and information were sent to the Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment from November 2003 to December 2020. Laboratory diagnosis was established using culture, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and/or microscopic agglutination test (MAT) with blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and/or urine samples. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the epidemiological information, clinical features, and sensitivities of diagnostic methods among laboratory-confirmed cases. Serogroups and the species of Leptospira isolates were determined by MAT using 13 antisera and flaB sequencing. A total of 531 clinically suspected patients were recruited, among whom 246 (46.3%) were laboratory confirmed to have leptospirosis. Among the confirmed cases, patients aged 20-29 years (22.4%) and male patients (85.7%) were the most common. The most common estimated sources of infection were recreation (44.5%) and labor (27.8%) in rivers. Approximately half of the isolates were of the L. interrogans serogroup Hebdomadis. The main clinical symptoms were fever (97.1%), myalgia (56.3%), and conjunctival hyperemia (52.2%). Headache occurred significantly more often in patients with Hebdomadis serogroup infections than those with other serogroup infections. The sensitivities of culture and PCR exceeded 65% during the first 6 days, while the sensitivity of MAT surpassed that of culture and PCR in the second week after onset. PCR using blood samples was a preferable method for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE The results of this study will support clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of undifferentiated febrile patients in Okinawa Prefecture as well as patients returning from Okinawa Prefecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Sho Okano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Katsuya Taira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Uruma, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Emi Kitashoji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Kuba Y, Kyan H, Azama Y, Fukuchi Y, Park ES, Kakita T, Oyama M, Maeshiro N, Miyahira M, Nidaira M, Maeda K, Morikawa S, Taniguchi K. Seroepidemiological study of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in animals and humans in Okinawa, Japan. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101821. [PMID: 34525434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In Okinawa prefecture, Japan, the first case of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) was confirmed in August 2016, and this case remains to be the only reported case of SFTS in Okinawa. The epidemiological investigation indicated that the patient had been infected on the main island of Okinawa, but source and route of infection were unknown. Therefore, to understand the possible source and route of SFTS virus (SFTSV) infection in Okinawa, we performed a seroepidemiological study of SFTSV among animals and dwellers in Okinawa and conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate risk factors for tick bites in Okinawa. Among the 1,035 serum samples from four different animal species, anti-SFTSV antibodies were detected in only 4.2% wild mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) serum samples. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report the detection of anti-SFTSV antibodies in wild mongooses. Meanwhile, all 1,104 human inhabitants tested negative for anti-SFTSV antibodies, suggesting that the frequency of SFTSV exposure is low in Okinawa. Logistic regression analysis of the questionnaire results showed that outdoor activity was associated with an increased risk of tick bite among Okinawa residents. Despite the current low frequency of SFTSV infection in animals and humans, endemic circulation of the virus in Okinawa should be carefully monitored in the area for preventing future infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumani Kuba
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan; Department of Child Medical Health and Development, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan.
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Azama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yoshimune Fukuchi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minori Oyama
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Maeshiro
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Zoology, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeru Morikawa
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
| | - Kiyosu Taniguchi
- Department of Child Medical Health and Development, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, National Hospital Organization Mie National Hospital, 357 Osato-kubota, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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Kakita T, Kyan H, Miyahira M, Takara T, Nakama E, Kuba Y, Kato T, Nidaira M, Kudaka J, Koizumi N. Novel genotypes of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Sejroe isolated from human patients in Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. J Med Microbiol 2020; 69:587-590. [PMID: 32427562 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of Leptospira species. It is a public health issue in the tropics, including Okinawa, the southernmost prefecture of Japan. This study reports the first isolation of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe from two human patients in Japan, and describes its molecular characterization using multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLST on the two isolates, 168036 and 178129, showed that pfkB in 178129 is a novel allele, and that both isolates constitute novel sequence types (STs); ST286 for 168036 and ST287 for 178129. A minimum spanning tree based on seven alleles of L. interrogans indicates that both isolates are genetically close, but are distinct from known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains. MLVA using 11 loci demonstrated that seven of the 11 loci were identical between the two isolates, whereas the identity between the isolates and the seven reference strains of L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe was zero to three loci. These results indicate that the isolates investigated in this study have novel genotypes, and are genetically closest to each other among the known L. interrogans serogroup Sejroe strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Kakita
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Takara
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Eri Nakama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Yumani Kuba
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Jun Kudaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Uruma-shi, Okinawa 904-2241, Japan
| | - Nobuo Koizumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Disease, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
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Kuba Y, Kyan H, Iha Y, Kato T, Oyama M, Miyahira M, Kakita T, Takara T, Yamauchi M, Kamiya H, Sunagawa T, Kawakami Y, Nidaira M, Kudaka J, Yamakawa M, Itokazu T, Itokazu K. Emergent measles-containing vaccination recommendation for aged 6-11 months and detection of vaccine-associated measles during a large measles outbreak in Okinawa, Japan, in 2018. Vaccine 2020; 38:2361-2367. [PMID: 32037227 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Okinawa Prefecture, Japan, experienced a large measles outbreak from March to May 2018. During this outbreak, there were 99 laboratory-confirmed cases and 14 vaccine-associated measles cases. In addition to the reinforcement of routine immunization, Okinawa prefectural government introduced emergent measles-containing vaccination recommendations for infants aged 6-11 months as part of the outbreak response. Increased concern exists in Okinawa about measles in infants following a previous outbreak from 1998 to 2001, when nine children including four infants died. Of 8062 infants aged 6-11 months who received measles-containing vaccine (MCV), six developed vaccine-associated measles; incidence was 0.74 per 1000 doses (95%CI 0.27-1.62). This was similar to that of first dose routine immunization recipients at one year of age (IR 0.60, 95%CI 0.20-1.78). Among 14 vaccine-associated measles cases, throat swab samples showed the highest positive rate (92.9%) by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), followed by urine (25.0%) and whole blood (7.7%) samples. Furthermore, one throat swab sample classified as equivocal by RT-qPCR was positive by conventional RT-PCR (RT-PCR). During an outbreak, it is critical to distinguish between cases with measles-like symptoms caused by wild circulating virus and those caused by vaccine-derived virus as accurately and urgently as possible because the public health response will be quite different. No infant deaths were observed during this outbreak, and no severe adverse events following immunization were seen among infants 6-11 months old who were given MCV as a public health response. Thus, we conclude that introduction of emergent MCV was effective and describing the characteristics of vaccine-associated measles cases during a measles outbreak will be helpful for future outbreak response efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumani Kuba
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Hisako Kyan
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Iha
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Kato
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Minori Oyama
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Masato Miyahira
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kakita
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Takara
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Miyuki Yamauchi
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hajime Kamiya
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomimasa Sunagawa
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshino Kawakami
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Minoru Nidaira
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jun Kudaka
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Munesada Yamakawa
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Toru Itokazu
- Regional Health Division, Department of Public Health and Medical Care, Okinawa Prefectural Government, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Kiyomasa Itokazu
- Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, Okinawa, Japan
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Koseki H, Kasanuki J, Imaizumi T, Tokumasa Y, Yoshida S, Fujimoto S, Okui K, Tanaka H, Miyahira M. [A case of common variable immunodeficiency associated with nodular lymphoid hyperplasia of the small intestine and intestinal lymphangiectasia]. Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 1985; 82:508-12. [PMID: 4010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kanatsuka A, Makino H, Matsushima Y, Osegawa M, Kasanuki J, Miyahira M, Yamamoto M, Kumagai A. Effect of glucose on somatostatin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets of normal and streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Endocrinology 1981; 109:652-7. [PMID: 6113954 DOI: 10.1210/endo-109-2-652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic somatostatin (SRIF) secretion was examined using the RIA described in earlier paper. Ten isolated rat pancreatic islets were incubated for 30 min in 1 ml Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Glucose (5.6 mM) caused a small but significant increase of SRIF secretion. The maximal secretion rate was observed at 16.7 mM glucose, and the half-maximal rate was seen at about 9.7 mM. Islets preincubated with 16.7 mM glucose released higher levels of SRIF and insulin during the subsequent incubation with 16.7 mM glucose than did islets preincubated with 2.8 mM glucose. Glucose-induced SRIF secretion was suppressed by epinephrine, but beta-adrenergic stimulation (epinephrine and phentolamine) produced an increase in SRIF secretion. Islets taken from rats 2 days after streptozotocin administration released minimal amounts of insulin. Basal and glucose-induced SRIF secretion from these islets, which had relatively unchanged SRIF contents and D cell numbers, equaled SRIF secretion from control rat islets. Islets taken from rats 6 weeks after streptozotocin administration, however, had increased SRIF content and D cell numbers, and they oversecreted SRIF. We conclude that pancreatic SRIF secretion can be induced by glucose and modulated by catecholamines and preexposure to high glucose, and the duration and severity of diabetes may be an important determinant of the changes in pancreatic D cell structure and function.
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Kasanuki J, Makino H, Matsushima Y, Kanatsuka A, Miyahira M, Tokumasa Y, Kumagai A. Effect of hypophysectomy and growth hormone administration on somatostatin and gastrin content in the stomach of rats. Endocrinol Jpn 1981; 28:257-60. [PMID: 6118264 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj1954.28.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of hypophysectomy and bovine growth hormone (GH) administration on somatostatin (SRIF) content as well as gastrin content in the rat stomach was investigated. SRIF content was determined by a specific radioimmunoassay. The total SRIF content in the stomach had decreased 4 weeks after hypophysectomy but was restored significantly in those rats which were subjected to bovine GH administration for 7 days after hypophysectomy. Furthermore, in control rats, an increase in SRIF content in the stomach was observed after 7 days of GH administration. Similar changes in total content of gastrin were observed after hypophysectomy and bovine GH administration, although these changes were not significant. These results indicate that GH may influence gastric function through changes in SRIF and gastrin content in the stomach.
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Satoh S, Osegawa M, Yokota M, Miyake I, Miyahira M, Kasanuki J, Tokumasa Y, Kawakami Z. [A case of Cronkhite-Canada syndrome (author's transl)]. Nihon Naika Gakkai Zasshi 1981; 70:423-428. [PMID: 7264420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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