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Xiong T, Xie H, Li L, Liang S, Huang M, Yu C, Zhuang T, Liang X, Liu D, Chen R. Prevalence, Genotype Diversity, and Distinct Pathogenicity of 205 Gammacoronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates in China during 2019-2023. Viruses 2024; 16:930. [PMID: 38932222 DOI: 10.3390/v16060930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious disease in chickens and seriously endangers the poultry industry. The emergence and co-circulation of diverse IBV serotypes and genotypes with distinct pathogenicity worldwide pose a serious challenge to the development of effective intervention measures. In this study, we report the epidemic trends of IBV in China from 2019 to 2023 and a comparative analysis on the antigenic characteristics and pathogenicity of isolates among major prevalent lineages. Phylogenetic and recombination analyses based on the nucleotide sequences of the spike (S) 1 gene clustered a total of 205 isolates into twelve distinct lineages, with GI-19 as a predominant lineage (61.77 ± 4.56%) exhibiting an overall increasing trend over the past five years, and demonstrated that a majority of the variants were derived from gene recombination events. Further characterization of the growth and pathogenic properties of six representative isolates from different lineages classified four out of the six isolates as nephropathogenic types with mortality rates in one-day-old SPF chickens varying from 20-60%, one as a respiratory type with weak virulence, and one as a naturally occurring avirulent strain. Taken together, our findings illuminate the epidemic trends, prevalence, recombination, and pathogenicity of current IBV strains in China, providing key information for further strengthening the surveillance and pathogenicity studies of IBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xiong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Hangao Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Manufacture Technology of Veterinary Bioproducts, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Shijin Liang
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Meizhen Huang
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Chuanzhao Yu
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Xuejing Liang
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
| | - Dingxiang Liu
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ruiai Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Zhaoqing Branch of Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology, Zhaoqing 526238, China
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Meng X, Zhang J, Wan Z, Li T, Xie Q, Qin A, Shao H, Zhang H, Ye J. Molecular epidemiology of infectious bronchitis virus in eastern and southern China during 2021-2023. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103939. [PMID: 38909507 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
As a highly infectious and contagious pathogen in chickens, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is currently grouped into nine genotypes (GI to GIX). However, the classification of serotypes of IBV is still not clear. In this study, 270 field strains of IBV were isolated from dead or diseased chicken flocks in eastern and southern China during January 2021 to April 2023. These isolated IBV strains could be classified into 2 genotypes, GI (including 5 lineages GI-1, GI-13, GI-19, GI-22, and GI-28) and GVI based on the complete S1 sequence. Further analysis showed that the GI-19, GI-13, GI-22, GI-28, and GVI were the dominant genotypes with the proportions of 61.48, 8.89, 8.89, 7.78, and 8.89% respectively, and the homology of S1 protein of these isolates ranged from 86.85 to 100% in GI-19, 92.22 to 100% in GI-13, 83.1 to 100% in GI-22, 94.81 to 100% in GI-28 and 90.0 to 99.8% in GVI, respectively. Moreover, cross-neutralization test with sera revealed that these isolates in GI-19 lineage could be classified into at least 3 serotypes according to the antigenic relationship. In addition, structure assay using PyMOL indicated that one mutation such as S120 in receptor binding site (RBD) of GI-19 might alter the antigenicity and conformation of S protein of IBV. Overall, our data demonstrate that not only multiple genotypes, but also multiple serotypes in a single genotype or lineage have been co-circulated in eastern and southern China, providing novel insights into the molecular evolution of the antigenicity of IBV and highlighting the significance of the selection of the dominant isolate for vaccine development in IBV endemic region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianchen Meng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Biotechnology Research laboratory, Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213168, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Sinopharm Yangzhou VAC Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Zhimin Wan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Tuofan Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Quan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Aijian Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Hongxia Shao
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Biotechnology Research laboratory, Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213168, China.
| | - Jianqiang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Jiangsu Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Avian Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China; Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China.
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Xia J, Li YX, Dong MY, Guo ZW, Luo YW, Li NL, Zhao Y, Li M, Lin Y, Xu J, Cui M, Han XF, Cao SJ, Huang Y. Evolution of prevalent H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus during 2019 to 2022 for the development of a control strategy in China. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102957. [PMID: 37573848 PMCID: PMC10448327 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China. At present, consensus has been reached that field isolates of H9N2 underwent antigenic drift to evolve into distinct groups with significant antigenic divergence from the commercially available vaccines in China. This project continues to monitor the evolution characteristics of H9N2 hemagglutinin (HA) genes in China over the past 3 yr. The results showed that the current circling H9N2 viruses were diversified into h9.4.2.5 subclade, which was genetically distant from commonly used commercial vaccine strains. Compared with vaccine strains or 2014 strains, more than 42.1% of the variable antigenic sites in recent 3 yr' strains have shown significant changes and these stacked changes have caused significant differences in antigenicity. We constructed a recombinant vaccine strain rCQY-GHHA, which uses A/Chicken/China/SichuanCQY/2014 as the framework and A/Chicken/China/SichuanGH/2020 strain, which meets the recent viral antigenic characteristics, as the HA gene donor. The recombinant strain was prepared as an oil-adjuvant inactivated vaccine following an industrial process. The results of the immune protection experiment showed that the rCQY-GHHA vaccine was better than the commercial vaccine strain SS in reducing the morbidity, pathological lesion, virus shedding, and viral load. These results provide a reference for the control of H9N2 AIV in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Yi Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Wei Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Wen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Nian-Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center of Chengdu City, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Lin
- Chengdu SG-Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Zhang P, Yang T, Sun Y, Qiao H, Hu N, Li X, Wang W, Zhang L, Cong Y. Development and Immunoprotection of Bacterium-like Particle Vaccine against Infectious Bronchitis in Chickens. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1292. [PMID: 37631859 PMCID: PMC10457988 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a major threat to the global poultry industry. Despite the availability of commercial vaccines, the IB epidemic has not been effectively controlled. The exploration of novel IBV vaccines may provide a new way to prevent and control IB. In this study, BLP-S1, a bacterium-like particle displaying the S1 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), was constructed using the GEM-PA surface display system. The immunoprotective efficacy results showed that BLP-S1 can effectively induce specific IgG and sIgA immune responses, providing a protection rate of 90% against IBV infection in 14-day-old commercial chickens. These results suggest that BLP-S1 has potential for the development of novel vaccines with good immunogenicity and immunoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengju Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yixue Sun
- Department of Policies and Regulations, Changchun University, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Haiying Qiao
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Nianzhi Hu
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Xintao Li
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Weixia Wang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Lichun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China; (P.Z.)
| | - Yanlong Cong
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
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5
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Xia J, Luo YW, Dong MY, Li YX, Wang AD, Li NL, Shen YX, Li SY, Cui M, Han XF, Yu SC, Li M, Huang Y. Mutation of D201G near the receptor binding site significantly drives antigenic drift of circulating H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:3485-3493. [PMID: 36151953 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China. Our previous research has shown that field isolates of H9N2 underwent antigenic drift to evolve into distinct groups with significant antigenic divergence from the commercially available vaccines. The present study sought to identify which single mutations that have naturally appeared in isolates from the past 5 years have driven antigenic drift. Six high-frequency mutation sites in/near the receptor binding site region were screened by comparing amino acid alignments of the H9N2 AIVs isolated from China between 2014 and 2019. Two substitutions (A168N and D201G) were demonstrated to have a significant impact on the antigenicity but did not change the growth kinetics of the virus. It is worth noting that the D201G substitution not only significantly changed the antigenicity but also caused immune escape against the parental virus. In conclusion, A168N and D201G substitution are newly discovered determinants that can significantly change the antigenicity of H9N2 AIV, which should be tracked during outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Wen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng-Yi Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong-Xin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Dong Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Nian-Ling Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu-Xi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Song-Cheng Yu
- Dongpo Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Meishan, Sichuan, China
| | - Min Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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6
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Li S, Fan S, Li N, Shen Y, Xiang X, Chen W, Xia J, Han X, Cui M, Huang Y. The N1038S Substitution and 1153EQTRPKKSV 1162 Deletion of the S2 Subunit of QX-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Can Synergistically Enhance Viral Proliferation. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:829218. [PMID: 35432239 PMCID: PMC9006875 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.829218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The S2 subunit of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) plays a critical role in the process of IBV infection. A comparison between the S2 subunit sequence of chicken embryo kidney cell (CEK) adapted virulent QX-like IBV strain SczyC30 (hereafter referred to as zy30) and its CEK-attenuated strain, SczyC100, revealed an N1038S substitution in S2 subunit and a 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 residue deletion in the C-terminus of the S2 subunit. In order to explore whether these two mutations are related to changes in the biological characteristics of IBV, we firstly constructed an infectious clone of zy30 using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC), which combines the transcription of infectious IBV genomic RNA in non-susceptible BHK-21 cells with the amplification of rescued virus rzy30 in CEK cells. Then, three recombinant viruses, including an rzy30S2-N1038S strain that contained the N1038S substitution, an rzy30S2-CT9△ strain that contained the 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion, and an rzy30S2-N1038S-CT9△ strain that contained both mutations, were constructed using rescued virus rzy30 as the backbone. The results showed that each mutation did not significantly affect the replication titer in CEK cells but reduced pathogenicity in chickens, while in combination, the N1038S substitution and 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion improved the proliferation efficiency in CEK cells and reduced pathogenicity, compared to rzy30 strain. The contribution made by the 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion in reducing pathogenicity was higher than that of N1038S substitution. Our results revealed that the N1038S substitution and 1154EQTRPKKSV1162 deletion in S2 subunit were deeply involved in the replication efficiency of IBV and contributed to reduction of viral pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nianning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuelian Xiang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Li S, Chen W, Shen Y, Xia J, Fan S, Li N, Luo Y, Han X, Cui M, Zhao Y, Huang Y. Molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus in Southwestern China for the protective efficacy evaluation of four live vaccine strains. Vaccine 2021; 40:255-265. [PMID: 34865877 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.11.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The high mutation rate of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) poses a significant threat to the protective efficacy of vaccines. This study aimed at analyzing the S1 genes of IBV field strains isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020, assessing the pathogenicity of four dominating strains, and evaluating the protective efficacy of four commercial vaccine strains against the endemic representative strains. Thirty-two field strains of IBV were isolated in Southwestern China from 2018 to 2020. Phylogenetic analysis of their S1 genes revealed the nucleotide homology ranged from 64.6% to 100%, and belonged to five genotypes [GI-19 (QX, 53.13%), GI-28 (LDT3-A,15.63%), GI-7 (TW, 12.50%), GI-1 (Mass, 6.23%), GVI-1 (TC07-2, 6.25%)], and two variant groups [variant-3 (3.13%) and variant-5 (3.13%)]. Recombination events between field and vaccine strains or between field strains were identified in the S1 genes of eight IBV field strains. The CK/CH/YNKM/191128 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains of GI-19 showed morbidity rates of 66.7% and 73.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 13.3% and 33.3%, respectively. Besides, the CK/CH/SCYC/191030 and CK/CH/GZGY/191021 strains of GI-28 caused morbidity rates of 60% and 86.7%, respectively, and mortality rates of 33.3%. The protective efficacy of the four commercial live vaccine strains (4/91, FNO-E55, LDT3-A, and QXL87) ranged from 70% - 100% and reduced tissue lesions against CK/CH/GZGY/191021 and CK/CH/CQBS/191203 strains. LDT3-A strain was the most effective one but still could not completely prohibit IBV shedding. These findings provide a reference for IBV molecular evolution analysis and control of IB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuxi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shunyi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Nianning Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yuwen Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xinfeng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Sichuan Dekon Food and Agriculture Group Co., Ltd, 32 First Section of Lingang Road, Shuangliu District, Chengdu, Sichuan 610225, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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8
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Shen YX, Li WW, Xia J, Du JT, Li SY, Chen W, Cui M, Han XF, Huang Y. Research Note: Effects of Escherichia coli co-infection on the protective efficacy assessment of two common infectious bronchitis vaccines. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101324. [PMID: 34358949 PMCID: PMC8350523 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), a highly contagious disease hazardous to the poultry industry, is caused by an etiological agent called the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Some IBV strains (IBVs) alone usually do not cause high mortality in field conditions if not with secondary pathogens including Escherichia coli (E. coli). Herein, we established an IBV and E. coli co-infection model to evaluate the protective efficacy of two IBV vaccine strains against a new emerging genotype GVI-1 with mild virulence in experimental conditions. Chickens were inoculated with IBV field isolate ZQX (genotype GVI-1) and challenged 4 dlater with the E. coli strain MS160427 (serotype O8). Subsequently, these chickens were euthanized at seven days postchallenge (d.p.c.) with E. coli. An autopsy revealed that lesions in the IBV plus E. coli co-infection group were more severe than those in the IBV-infected group. This pathological model was used to assess the protective effect of two commonly used vaccine strains (H120 and 4/91) against the IBV ZQX strain, and a significantly better protective efficacy was observed for 4/91 compared with H120. Thus, IBV and E. coli co-infection could be employed in assessing the protective efficacy of IBV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Wen Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Ji-Teng Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, P. R. China.
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9
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Yan W, Qiu R, Wang F, Fu X, Li H, Cui P, Zhai Y, Li C, Zhang L, Gu K, Zuo L, Lei C, Wang H, Yang X. Genetic and pathogenic characterization of a novel recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus derived from GI-1, GI-13, GI-28, and GI-19 strains in Southwestern China. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101210. [PMID: 34116353 PMCID: PMC8192866 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is an acute and highly contagious disease that is extremely harmful to the poultry industry throughout the world. The cross-using of different attenuated live vaccine strains has led to the occurrence of diverse IBV serotypes. In this study, we isolated an IBV strain from a chicken farm in southwest China and designated it CK/CH/SCMY/160315. Construction of a phylogenetic tree based on full S1 gene sequence analysis suggested that CK/CH/SCMY/160315 bears similarity to GI-28, and further comparison of S1 amino acid residues revealed that CK/CH/SCMY/160315 showed mutations and deletions in many key positions between LDT3-A and other GI-28 reference strains. Importantly, CK/CH/SCMY/160315 was identified as a novel recombinant virus derived from live attenuated vaccine strains H120 (GI-1), 4/91 (GI-13), LDT3-A (GI-28), and the field strain LJL/08-1 (GI-19), identifying at least 5 recombination sites in both structural and accessory genes. Pathogenicity analysis indicated that CK/CH/SCMY/160315 caused listlessness, sneezing, huddling, head shaking, and increased antibody levels in the inoculated chickens. To further describe pathogenicity of this novel strain, we assessed viral load in different tissues and conducted hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of the trachea, lungs and kidneys. Our results provide evidence for the continuing evolution of IBV field strains via genetic recombination and mutation, leading to outbreaks in the vaccinated chicken populations in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yan
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Rongbin Qiu
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Fuyan Wang
- Sichuan Sundaily Farm Ecological Food Co., Ltd., Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xue Fu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hao Li
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yaru Zhai
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Chun Li
- Sichuan Animal Disease Control Center, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Lei Zuo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Changwei Lei
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Hongning Wang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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10
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Genetic sequence changes related to the attenuation of avian infectious bronchitis virus strain TW2575/98. Virus Genes 2020; 56:369-379. [PMID: 32232712 PMCID: PMC7103903 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01753-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The attenuated avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), derived from a wild strain (TW2575/98w) in chicken embryos after 75 passages, is designed as a commercial vaccine strain (TW2575/98vac) to control the disease in Taiwan. The differences in viral infectivity, replication efficiency, and genome sequences between TW2575/98w and TW2575/98vac were determined and compared. TW2575/98vac caused earlier death of chicken embryos and had higher viral replication efficiency. Thirty amino acid substitutions resulting from 44 mutated nucleotides in the viral genome were found in TW2575/98vac. All of the molecular variations lead to attenuation, found in TW2575/98, were not observed consistently in the other IBVs (TW2296/95, Ark/Ark-DPI/81, the Massachusetts strain, GA98/CWL0470/98, and CK/CH/LDL/97I) and vice versa. After further comparisons and evaluations from three aspects: (1) longitudinal analysis on the timing of variations appeared in specific homologous strain passages, (2) horizontal evaluations with the amino acid changes between wild and vaccine strains among the other 5 IBVs, and (3) inspection on alterations in the chemical characteristics of substituted amino acid residues in viral proteins, four amino acid substitutions [V342D in p87, S1493P and P2025S in HD1, as well as F2308Y in HD1(P41)] were selected as highly possible candidates for successful TW2575/98w attenuation. Our findings imply that molecular variations, which contribute to the successful attenuation of different IBVs, are diverse and not restricted to a fixed pattern or specific amino acid substitutions in viral proteins. In addition, four amino acid changes within the replicase gene-encoded proteins might be associated with TW2575/98 virus virulence.
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11
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Recombinant infectious bronchitis coronavirus H120 with the spike protein S1 gene of the nephropathogenic IBYZ strain remains attenuated but induces protective immunity. Vaccine 2020; 38:3157-3168. [PMID: 32057575 PMCID: PMC7115396 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly infectious viral disease responsible for major economic losses in the poultry industry. A reverse genetic vaccine is a safe, rapid, and effective method of achieving IB prevention and control. In this study, we constructed the recombinant strain, rH120-S1/YZ, using a reverse genetic system, based on the backbone of the H120 vaccine strain, with the S1 gene replaced with that of the QX-like nephropathogenic strain, ck/CH/IBYZ/2011, isolated in China. The results of dwarf chicken embryos, growth kinetics, and viral titration in the embryos demonstrated that the biological characteristics of the recombinant virus remained unchanged. Like the rH120-infected group and in contrast to the rIBYZ-infected group, no mortality, clinical signs, or lesions were observed in the lungs or kidneys of young chickens inoculated with rH120-S1/YZ. The viral loads in various tissues, cloacal, and oral swabs was lower in most types of samples, indicating that the rH120-S1/YZ strain was highly safe in chicks. Compared to rH120 vaccination group, when the efficacy of this strain was evaluated against the QX-like IBV strain, better protection, with 100% survival rate and no disease symptom or gross lesion was observed in the chickens vaccinated with rH120-S1/YZ. Increased levels of IBV-specific antibodies were detected in the serum of the rH120-S1/YZ-vaccinated animals 14 days post-vaccination. Collectively, our results suggest that the recombinant strain, rH120-S1/YZ, may represent a promising vaccine candidate against QX-like IBVs.
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12
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Antigenic and Pathogenic Characteristics of QX-Type Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Isolated in Southwestern China. Viruses 2019; 11:v11121154. [PMID: 31847269 PMCID: PMC6950461 DOI: 10.3390/v11121154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The QX-type avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is still a prevalent genotype in Southwestern China. To analyze the antigenicity and pathogenicity characteristics of the dominant genotype strains (QX-type), S1 gene sequence analysis, virus cross-neutralization tests, and pathogenicity test of eight QX-type IBV isolates were conducted. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide homology between the eight strains was high, but distantly related to H120 and 4/91 vaccine strains. Cross-neutralization tests showed that all eight strains isolated from 2015 and 2017 belonged to the same serotype, but exhibited antigenic variations over time. The pathogenicity test of the five QX-type IBV isolates showed that only three strains, CK/CH/SC/DYW/16, CK/CH/SC/MS/17, and CK/CH/SC/GH/15, had a high mortality rate with strong respiratory and renal pathogenicity, whereas CK/CH/SC/PZ/17 and CK/CH/SC/DYYJ/17 caused only mild clinical symptoms and tissue lesions. Our results indicate that the prevalent QX-type IBVs displayed antigenic variations and pathogenicity difference. These findings may provide reference for research on the evolution of IBV and vaccine preparation of infectious bronchitis (IB).
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13
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Fan W, Tang N, Dong Z, Chen J, Zhang W, Zhao C, He Y, Li M, Wu C, Wei T, Huang T, Mo M, Wei P. Genetic Analysis of Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Yellow Chickens in Southern China over the Past Decade: Revealing the Changes of Genetic Diversity, Dominant Genotypes, and Selection Pressure. Viruses 2019; 11:v11100898. [PMID: 31561498 PMCID: PMC6833030 DOI: 10.3390/v11100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The high mutation rates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) pose economic threats to the poultry industry. In order to track the genetic evolutionary of IBV isolates circulating in yellow chickens, we continued to conduct the genetic analyses of the structural genes S1, E, M, and N from 64 IBV isolates in southern China during 2009–2017. The results showed that the dominant genotypes based on the four genes had changed when compared with those during 1985–2008. Based on the S1 gene phylogenetic tree, LX4-type (GI-19) was the most dominant genotype, which was different from that during 1985–2008. The second most dominant genotype was LDT3-A-type, but this genotype disappeared after 2012. New-type 1 (GVI-1) isolates showed increasing tendency and there were four aa (QKEP) located in the hypervariable region (HVR) III and one aa (S) insertion in all the New-type 1 isolates. Both the analyses of amino acid entropy and molecular evolutionary rate revealed that the variations from large to small were S1, E, M, and N. Purifying selection was detected in the S1, E, M, and N gene proteins, which was different from the positive selection during 1985–2008. Six isolates were confirmed to be recombinants, possibly generated from a vaccine virus of the 4/91-type or LDT3-A-type and a circulating virus. The estimated times for the most recent common ancestors based on the S1, E, M, and N genes were the years of 1744, 1893, 1940, and 1945, respectively. Bayesian skyline analysis revealed a sharp decrease in genetic diversity of all the four structural genes after 2010 and since late 2015, the viral population rapidly rose. In conclusion, the IBVs circulating in southern China over the past decade have experienced a remarkable change in genetic diversity, dominant genotypes, and selection pressure, indicating the importance of permanent monitoring of circulating strains and the urgency for developing new vaccines to counteract the emerging LX4-type and New-type IBVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ning Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Zhihua Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Jiming Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Changrun Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Yining He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Meng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Cuilan Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Tianchao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Teng Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Meilan Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
| | - Ping Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China.
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14
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Xia J, He X, Du LJ, Liu YY, You GJ, Li SY, Liu P, Cao SJ, Han XF, Huang Y. Preparation and protective efficacy of a chicken embryo kidney cell-attenuation GI-19/QX-like avian infectious bronchitis virus vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:4087-4094. [PMID: 29859801 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious disease, and hazardous to the poultry industry. Immune failure often occurs due to the emergence of new serotypes or field strains antigenically different from the vaccine strains. To prepare a candidate vaccine against the prevalent avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in China, the GI-19/QX-like field isolate Sczy3 was selected as the progenitor strain and attenuated via passaging in chicken embryo kidney (CEK) cells for 100 times. The 100th generation of CEK-adapted strain, designated SczyC100, was safe to use on one-day old specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicken as determined by pathogenicity and virulence reversion test. The efficacies of SczyC100 and two commonly used commercial vaccines (H120 and 4/91) against prevalent GI-19/QX and GI-7/TWI type virulent strains were evaluated. Sczy3C100 effectively reduced the morbidity, mortality, mean lesion scores (MLSs), and viral load of trachea of chickens challenged by GI-19/QX and GI-7/TWI strains. CEK-adapted SczyC100 is therefore a potential vaccine candidate for the control of IB in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Li-Jing Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Yue-Yue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Guo-Jin You
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Shu-Yun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Ping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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15
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Isolation and molecular characterization of prevalent Fowl adenovirus strains in southwestern China during 2015-2016 for the development of a control strategy. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e103. [PMID: 29184155 PMCID: PMC5717092 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Fowl adenovirus (FAdV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout China in recent years. However, the current understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of the FAdV epidemic in southwestern China remains poorly understood. In this study, a total of 22 strains were isolated from liver samples of diseased chickens from farms in southwestern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the hexon loop-1 gene showed that the 22 isolates were clustered into four distinct serotypes: FAdV serotype 4 (FAdV-4) (86.4%, 19/22), FAdV-2 (4.5%, 1/22), FAdV-8a (4.5%, 1/22), and FAdV-8b (4.5%, 1/22). FAdV-4 was the predominant serotype in southwestern China. Pathogenicity testing showed that the FAdV-4 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1602 and FAdV-8a strain CH/CQBS/1504 were pathogenic to chickens, with mortality rates reaching as high as 80% and 20%, respectively. The primary clinical feature observed following infection with strain CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was hepatitis-hydropericardium syndrome, and that of strain CH/CQBS/1504 (FAdV-8a) was inclusion body hepatitis. Conversely, the FAdV-2 serotype strain CH/GZXF/1511 and FAdV-8b serotype strain CH/CQBS/1512 was not observed to be pathogenic in chickens. Then, CH/GZXF/1602 (FAdV-4) was selected for the preparation of an inactivated oil-emulsion vaccine. Immune studies on Partridge Shank broilers showed that a single dose immunization at 17 days of age could not only protect against homologous challenge with virulent FAdV-4 but also provided protection against clinical disease following challenge with the heterologous FAdV-8b virulent strain until 70 days of age. The characterization of newly prevalent FAdV strains provides a valuable reference for the development of an efficacious control strategy.
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Infectious Bronchitis Virus Variants: Molecular Analysis and Pathogenicity Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18102030. [PMID: 28937583 PMCID: PMC5666712 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) variants constantly emerge and pose economic threats to poultry farms worldwide. Numerous studies on the molecular and pathogenic characterization of IBV variants have been performed between 2007 and 2017, which we have reviewed herein. We noted that viral genetic mutations and recombination events commonly gave rise to distinct IBV genotypes, serotypes and pathotypes. In addition to characterizing the S1 genes, full viral genomic sequencing, comprehensive antigenicity, and pathogenicity studies on emerging variants have advanced our understanding of IBV infections, which is valuable for developing countermeasures against IBV field outbreaks. This review of IBV variants provides practical value for understanding their phylogenetic relationships and epidemiology from both regional and worldwide viewpoints.
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17
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Santos Fernando F, Coelho Kasmanas T, Diniz Lopes P, da Silva Montassier MDF, Zanella Mores MA, Casagrande Mariguela V, Pavani C, Moreira Dos Santos R, Assayag MS, Montassier HJ. Assessment of molecular and genetic evolution, antigenicity and virulence properties during the persistence of the infectious bronchitis virus in broiler breeders. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2470-2481. [PMID: 28895517 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes a highly contagious disease [infectious bronchitis (IB)] that results in substantial economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. We conducted a molecular and phylogenetic analysis of the S1 gene of Brazilian (BR) IBV isolates from a routinely vaccinated commercial flock of broiler breeders, obtained from clinical IB episodes that occurred in 24-, 46- and 62-week-old chickens. We also characterized the antigenicity, pathogenesis, tissue tropism and spreading of three IBV isolates by experimental infection of specific pathogen-free (SPF) chickens and contact sentinel birds. The results reveal that the three IBV isolates mainly exhibited mutations in the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of the S1 gene and protein, but were phylogenetically and serologically closely related, belonging to lineage 11 of the GI genotype, the former BR genotype I. All three isolates caused persistent infection in broiler breeders reared in the field, despite high systemic anti-IBV antibody titres, and exhibited tropism and pathogenicity for the trachea and kidney after experimental infection in SPF chickens and contact birds. In conclusion, BR genotype I isolates of IBV evolve continuously during the productive cycle of persistently infected broiler breeders, causing outbreaks that are not impaired by the current vaccination programme with Massachusetts vaccine strains. In addition, the genetic alterations in the S1 gene of these isolates were not able to change their tissue tropism and pathogenicity, but did seem to negatively influence the effectiveness of the host immune responses against these viruses, and favour viral persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filipe Santos Fernando
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Thaiane Coelho Kasmanas
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Priscila Diniz Lopes
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima da Silva Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Casagrande Mariguela
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Caren Pavani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Romeu Moreira Dos Santos
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Assayag
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
| | - Helio José Montassier
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (FCAV- UNESP), Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900, Brazil
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18
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Xia J, Cui JQ, He X, Liu YY, Yao KC, Cao SJ, Han XF, Huang Y. Genetic and antigenic evolution of H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus in domestic chickens in southwestern China, 2013-2016. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171564. [PMID: 28158271 PMCID: PMC5291408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused significant losses in chicken flocks throughout china in recent years. There is a limited understanding of the genetic and antigenic characteristics of the H9N2 virus isolated in chickens in southwestern China. In this study a total of 12 field strains were isolated from tissue samples from diseased chickens between 2013 and 2016. Phylogenetic analysis of the Hemagglutinin (HA) and Neuraminidase (NA) nucleotide sequences from the 12 field isolates and other reference strains showed that most of the isolates in the past four years could be clustered into a major branch (HA-branch A and NA-branch I) in the Clade h9.4.2 lineages. These sequences are accompanied by nine and seven new amino acids mutations in the HA and NA proteins, respectively, when compared with those previous to 2013. In addition, four new isolates were grouped into a minor branch (HA-branch B) in the Clade h9.4.2 lineages and two potential N-glycosylation sites were observed due to amino acid mutations in the HA protein. Three antigenic groups (1-3), which had low antigenic relatedness with two commonly used vaccines in China, were identified among the 12 isolates by antigenMap analysis. Immunoprotection testing showed that those two vaccines could efficiently prevent the shedding of branch A viruses but not branch B viruses. In conclusion, these results indicate the genotype of branch B may become epidemic in the next few years and that a new vaccine should be developed for the prevention of H9N2 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Jia-Qi Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Xiao He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Yue-Yue Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Ke-Chang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - San-Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Xin-Feng Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, P. R. CHINA
- * E-mail:
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