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Purushothaman S, Azhahianambi P, Dharman M, Gokula Kannan R, Tirumurugaan KG, Soundararajan C, Aravindh Babu RP, Devaraju P, Prakash JAJ. A cross sectional study on molecular prevalence of Orientia tsutsugamushi in household rat population of South India. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 111:102212. [PMID: 38880051 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2024.102212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the molecular prevalence of mite-borne zoonotic pathogen O. tsutsugamushi in household rats of South India through nested polymerase chain reaction amplification of O. tsutsugamushi 47-kDa htrA gene and to determine the most suitable sample type for screening of O. tsutsugamushi in rats. Out of 85 rats trapped in Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Puducherry regions, 47 rats were found positive for the O. tsutsugamushi genome with prevalence of 55.29 %. Among different sample types screened, faecal samples exhibited the highest positivity rate, followed by liver, spleen, kidney, and blood samples. Agreement between faecal and spleen samples of rats for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi was the highest. Principal component analysis revealed a positive correlation between the spleen, liver, and faeces and a negative correlation between blood and faeces for the presence of O. tsutsugamushi genome. These findings underscore the varied distribution of O. tsutsugamushi among different samples and indicate that the faecal and liver samples of rats are an ideal choice of samples for epidemiological studies. This is the first study to report a high level of presence of O. tsutsugamushi in faecal samples of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Purushothaman
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - P Azhahianambi
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India.
| | - M Dharman
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - R Gokula Kannan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - K G Tirumurugaan
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - C Soundararajan
- Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | - R P Aravindh Babu
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600051, India
| | | | - John A J Prakash
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632004, India
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Yan S, Lu Q, Tao Q, Lu Y, Gao B, Wang S, Cai X, Ai L, Xiong X, Cao M, Tan W. An immunochromatographic test for serological diagnosis of scrub typhus. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113653. [PMID: 38430991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
A fluorescent immunochromatographic test (FM-ICT) was developed for rapid detection of anti-Orientia tsutsugamushi antibodies in serum samples. The FM-ICT was constructed based on the dual-antigen sandwich method. Truncated 56 kDa outer membrane protein of O. tsutsugamushi strain SJ, was expressed in E. coli and mixed with those of Ptan and Gillam strains. A thin line of the protein mixture was precisely sprayed across a nitrocellulose membrane making this the "Test" line. Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) to O.tsutsugamushi were sprayed in another line across the membrane making this the "Control" line. Fluorescent microspheres conjugated 56 kDa proteins reacting with sample serum will be captured on the "Test" line if the sample contains antibodies to O.tsutsugamushi. Several experimental parameters were optimized. After optimizing the reaction procedure, the results are visible, within 6 min, with the naked eye under ultraviolet light. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 7.63 ng/mL with prepared polyclonal antibodies. No cross-reaction was observed with sera samples from other febrile diseases. In clinical evaluations, the strips showed 94.92% sensitivity (106/112) and 93.75% specificity (56/60). The FM-ICT we developed will provide a new tool for on-site diagnosis of scrub typhus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhao Yan
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingyu Lu
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Qingyuan Tao
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yawei Lu
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Bao Gao
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sibo Wang
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xusheng Cai
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Lele Ai
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China
| | - Xiaohui Xiong
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Min Cao
- College Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Weilong Tan
- Nanjing Bioengineering (Gene) Technology Center for Medicine, Nanjing 210002, PR China.
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Wang YC, Li JH, Qin Y, Qin SY, Chen C, Yang XB, Ma N, Dong MX, Lei CC, Yang X, Sun HT, Sun ZY, Jiang J. The Prevalence of Rodents Orientia tsutsugamushi in China During Two Decades: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2023; 23:619-633. [PMID: 37625029 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Orientia tsutsugamushi is a zoonotic intracellular pathogen that requires parasitism in eukaryotic cells to reproduce. In recent years, tsutsugamushi disease reported in many places nationwide has crossed the Yangtze River, continuously, spreading to the North China. Now this phenomenon has aroused people's attention. Materials and Methods: In this study, meta-analysis was used to analyze the infection of rodents (vectors) in China, to clarify the transmission rule of O. tsutsugamushi. Results: This study included literature from six databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wanfang, CNKI, and VIP). A total of 55 articles were included in the study from 610 retrieved articles. The total infection rate of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was 5.5% (1206/20,620, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0553-0.0617). The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents before 2013 (7.73%, 95% CI: 4.11-12.37) was higher than after 2013 (2.11%, 95% CI: 0.64-4.41). O. tsutsugamushi spread among a variety of rodents, among which Rattus losea (13.3%, 95% CI: 4.33-26.26), Rattus tanezumi (5.69%, 95% CI: 1.37-12.72), and Apodemus agrarius (5.32%, 95% CI: 2.26-9.58) infection rate was higher. Kawasaki (8.32%, 95% CI: 1.42-20.17), Karp (7.36%, 95% CI: 2.62-14.22), Kato (2.54%, 95% CI: 0.08-8.28), and Gilliam (2.13%, 95% CI: 0.42-5.09) were the main prevalent genotypes in China. The prevalence of O. tsutsugamushi in rodents was seasonal, increasing gradually in summer (2.39%, 95% CI: 0.46-5.77), peaking in autumn (4.59%, 95% CI: 1.15-10.16), and then declining. The positive rate of immunofluorescence assay (25.07%, 95% CI: 8.44-46.88) was the highest among the detection methods, and it was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Based on the subgroup of geographical factors and climatic factors, the probability of O. tsutsugamushi infection in rodents was the highest when the temperature >19℃ (8.20%, 95% CI: 1.22-20.52), the altitude <100 millimeters (7.23%, 95% CI: 3.45-12.26), the precipitation >700 millimeters (12.22%, 95% CI: 6.45-19.50), and the humidity 60-70% (7.80%, 95% CI: 4.17-12.44). Conclusions: Studies have shown that rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi are common. People should prevent and control rodents in life and monitor rodents carrying O. tsutsugamushi for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, PR China
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jing-Hao Li
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Ya Qin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Si-Yuan Qin
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin-Bo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Ming-Xin Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, PR China
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Cong-Cong Lei
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Xing Yang
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali, PR China
| | - He-Ting Sun
- Center for Biological Disaster Prevention and Control, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Zhi-Yong Sun
- Department of Technology, Ningbo Sansheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Ningbo, PR China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Changchun Sci-Tech University, Shuangyang, PR China
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Orientia tsutsugamushi Infection in Wild Small Mammals in Western Yunnan Province, China. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010128. [PMID: 36678476 PMCID: PMC9862787 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Small mammals can transmit and serve as a reservoir for Orientia tsutsugamushi (Ot) in nature by carrying infected mites. In Yunnan, one of China's main foci of scrub typhus, etiological evidence and genetic diversity for Ot is limited. A total of 2538 small mammals were captured seasonally from 2015 to 2016 in the three counties of Yunnan, and the spleen or liver tissue was examined for Ot based on 56 kDa nPCR. The overall prevalence of Ot was 1.77%, ranging from 0.26 to 9.09% across different species. The Gilliam strain was found in 35.6% (16/45) of the wild small mammals, followed by the Karp 11.1% (5/45) and TA763 (1/45) strains, the last of which was discovered in western Yunnan for the first time. In Lianghe, Ot infection rates in wild small mammals were higher than in the other two counties. The infection rates of Eothenomys miletus with Ot were highest in the three dominant species. Ot infection rates in wild small mammals were higher in Lianghe (1200-1400 m) and Yulong (2800-3000 m). These findings could provide research clues for further confirmation of scrub typhus foci in western Yunnan or other similar natural environments.
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Ren TG, Zhang L, Fan R, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Mao KY, Huang XB, Qian TJ. Infestation and distribution of chigger mites on Chevrieri's field mouse ( Apodemus chevrieri) in Southwest China. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2022; 17:74-82. [PMID: 34987956 PMCID: PMC8695261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Based on a long-term field investigation on chigger mites in southwest China from 2001 to 2019, the present study analyzed the infestation and distribution of chigger mites on the Chevrieri's field mouse (Apodemus chevrieri) in the region. A total of 12,516 individuals of chigger mites were collected from 1981 A. chevrieri mice, and 12,281 chiggers were identified as 107 species, 11 genera and 3 subfamilies in 2 families, which revealed a high species diversity of the mites on A. chevrieri mice. Of 1981 A. chevrieri mice, 633 ones were infested with chiggers with a relatively high overall prevalence (P M = 31.95%), mean abundance (MA = 6.32) and mean intensity (MI = 19.77). Of the 107 chigger species identified from A. chevrieri mice, three ones were the most dominant and they were Leptrombidium scutellare, L. densipunctatum and L. cricethrionis, which showed aggregated distribution among different individuals of the mice. A slightly positive association existed between every two dominant chigger species, which implied that the dominant chigger species tend to co-exist on A. chevrieri. The infestations of A. chevrieri with chiggers varied in different latitudes, altitudes and landscapes and they showed some heterogeneity along different environmental gradients. The logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for chigger infestations on A. chevrieri were landscapes, ages and altitudes, which implied that the environmental factors and host ages could influence the infestations of the mice with the mites. A theoretical curve of the species abundance distribution of chigger mites on A. chevrieri was successfully fitted by Preston's lognormal model, suggesting that the species abundance distribution conforms to the lognormal distribution pattern. The expected total species of chigger mites on A. chevrieri was roughly estimated to be 136 species and about 29 rare chigger species were probably missed in the sampling field investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Tian-Guang Ren
- Nursing College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Ke-Yu Mao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
| | - Ti-Jun Qian
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000, China
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Chen YL, Guo XG, Ren TG, Zhang L, Fan R, Zhao CF, Zhang ZW, Mao KY, Huang XB, Qian TJ. A Report of Chigger Mites on the Striped Field Mouse, Apodemus agrarius, in Southwest China. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:625-634. [PMID: 34974669 PMCID: PMC8721306 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.6.625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Based on the field investigations in 91 investigation sites (counties) in southwest China between 2001 and 2019, the present paper reported the chigger mites on A. agrarius mice in southwest China for the first time by using a series of statistical methods. From 715 striped field mice captured in 28 of 91 investigated sites, only 255 chiggers were collected, and they were identified as 14 species, 6 genera in 3 subfamilies under 2 families. Of 715 A. agrarius mice, only 24 of them were infested with chigger mites with low overall prevalence (PM=3.4%), overall mean abundance (MA=0.36 mites/host) and overall mean intensity (MI=10.63 mites/host). The species diversity and infestation of chiggers on A. agrarius were much lower than those previously reported on some other rodents in southwest China. On a certain species of rodent, A. agrarius mouse in southwest China seems to have a very low susceptibility to chigger infestations than in other geographical regions. Of 14 chigger species, there were 3 dominant species, Leptotrombidium sialkotense, L. rupestre and Schoengastiella novoconfuciana, which were of aggregated distribution among different individuals of A. agrarius hosts. L. sialkotense, one of 6 main vectors of scrub typhus in China, was the first dominant on A. agrarius. The species similarity of chigger mites on male and female hosts was low with CSS=0.25, and this reflects the sex-bias of different genders of A. agrarius mice in harboring different chigger species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Xian-Guo Guo
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
- Corresponding author ()
| | - Tian-Guang Ren
- Nursing College of Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Rong Fan
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Cheng-Fu Zhao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Ke-Yu Mao
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Xiao-Bin Huang
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
| | - Ti-Jun Qian
- Institute of Pathogens and Vectors, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention, Dali University, Dali, Yunnan, 671000,
China
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Ge D, Feijó A, Wen Z, Abramov AV, Lu L, Cheng J, Pan S, Ye S, Xia L, Jiang X, Vogler AP, Yang Q. Demographic History and Genomic Response to Environmental Changes in a Rapid Radiation of Wild Rats. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:1905-1923. [PMID: 33386846 PMCID: PMC8097305 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For organisms to survive and prosper in a harsh environment, particularly under rapid climate change, poses tremendous challenges. Recent studies have highlighted the continued loss of megafauna in terrestrial ecosystems and the subsequent surge of small mammals, such as rodents, bats, lagomorphs, and insectivores. However, the ecological partitioning of these animals will likely lead to large variation in their responses to environmental change. In the present study, we investigated the evolutionary history and genetic adaptations of white-bellied rats (Niviventer Marshall, 1976), which are widespread in the natural terrestrial ecosystems in Asia but also known as important zoonotic pathogen vectors and transmitters. The southeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was inferred as the origin center of this genus, with parallel diversification in temperate and tropical niches. Demographic history analyses from mitochondrial and nuclear sequences of Niviventer demonstrated population size increases and range expansion for species in Southeast Asia, and habitat generalists elsewhere. Unexpectedly, population increases were seen in N. eha, which inhabits the highest elevation among Niviventer species. Genome scans of nuclear exons revealed that among the congeneric species, N. eha has the largest number of positively selected genes. Protein functions of these genes are mainly related to olfaction, taste, and tumor suppression. Extensive genetic modification presents a major strategy in response to global changes in these alpine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Anderson Feijó
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Wen
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Alexei V Abramov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Joint Russian-Vietnamese Tropical Research and Technological Centre, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jilong Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shengkai Pan
- CAS Key Lab of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sicheng Ye
- Center for Computational Genomics, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Alfried P Vogler
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Qisen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
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Lu M, Li F, Liao Y, Shen JJ, Xu JM, Chen YZ, Li JH, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ. Epidemiology and Diversity of Rickettsiales Bacteria in Humans and Animals in Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, China. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13176. [PMID: 31511528 PMCID: PMC6739303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases caused by Rickettsiales bacteria are a global public health problem. To better understand the diversity and origins of Rickettsiales infection in humans and animals, we sampled 134 febrile patients, 173 rodents and 43 shrews, as well as 358 ticks, from two cities in Jiangsu and Jiangxi provinces, China. Our data revealed a relatively high prevalence of scrub typhus cases in both localities. In addition, both serological tests and genetic analysis identified three patients infected with Anaplasma bovis, Rickettsia monacensis, and Orientia tsutsugamushi bacteria. Molecular epidemiological investigation revealed the co-circulation of multiple species of Rickettsiales bacteria in small mammals and ticks in both provinces, potentially including novel bacterial species. In sum, these data demonstrate the ongoing importance of Rickettsiales infection in China and highlight the need for the regular surveillance of local arthropods, mammals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Yong Liao
- Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Jin-Jin Shen
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jian-Min Xu
- Jiangxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Yin-Zhong Chen
- Yancheng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yancheng, Jiangsu province, China
| | - Jian-Hua Li
- Ganzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi province, China
| | - Edward C Holmes
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changping, Beijing, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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