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Bakkers MJG, Ritschel T, Tiemessen M, Dijkman J, Zuffianò AA, Yu X, van Overveld D, Le L, Voorzaat R, van Haaren MM, de Man M, Tamara S, van der Fits L, Zahn R, Juraszek J, Langedijk JPM. Efficacious human metapneumovirus vaccine based on AI-guided engineering of a closed prefusion trimer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6270. [PMID: 39054318 PMCID: PMC11272930 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50659-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The prefusion conformation of human metapneumovirus fusion protein (hMPV Pre-F) is critical for eliciting the most potent neutralizing antibodies and is the preferred immunogen for an efficacious vaccine against hMPV respiratory infections. Here we show that an additional cleavage event in the F protein allows closure and correct folding of the trimer. We therefore engineered the F protein to undergo double cleavage, which enabled screening for Pre-F stabilizing substitutions at the natively folded protomer interfaces. To identify these substitutions, we developed an AI convolutional classifier that successfully predicts complex polar interactions often overlooked by physics-based methods and visual inspection. The combination of additional processing, stabilization of interface regions and stabilization of the membrane-proximal stem, resulted in a Pre-F protein vaccine candidate without the need for a heterologous trimerization domain that exhibited high expression yields and thermostability. Cryo-EM analysis shows the complete ectodomain structure, including the stem, and a specific interaction of the newly identified cleaved C-terminus with the adjacent protomer. Importantly, the protein induces high and cross-neutralizing antibody responses resulting in near complete protection against hMPV challenge in cotton rats, making the highly stable, double-cleaved hMPV Pre-F trimer an attractive vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark J G Bakkers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ForgeBio B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tina Ritschel
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- J&J Innovative Medicine Technology, R&D, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jacobus Dijkman
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Machine Learning Lab, Informatics Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo A Zuffianò
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Promaton BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Xiaodi Yu
- Structural & Protein Science, Janssen Research and Development, Spring House, PA, 19044, USA
| | | | - Lam Le
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Martijn de Man
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sem Tamara
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Min X, Wang Y, Dong X, Dong X, Wang N, Wang Z, Shi L. Epidemiological characteristics of human metapneumovirus among children in Nanjing, China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 43:1445-1452. [PMID: 38801487 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-024-04858-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to examine the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of HMPV infection among children with ARIs in Nanjing. METHODS The respiratory samples were collected from 2078 children (≤ 14 years) with acute respiratory infections and were tested for HMPV using real-time RT-PCR. Amplification and sequencing of the HMPV G gene were followed by phylogenetic analysis using MEGA 7.0. RESULT The detection rate of HMPV among children was 4.7% (97/2078), with a concentration in those under 5 years of age. Notably, the peak season for HMPV prevalence was observed in winter. Among the 97 HMPV-positive samples, 51.5% (50/97) were available for characterization of the HMPV G protein gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the sequenced HMPV strains were classified into three sublineages: A2c111nt - dup (84.0%), B1 (2.0%), and B2 (14.0%). CONCLUSION There was an incidence of HMPV among hospitalized children during 2021-2022 in Nanjing with A2c111nt - dup being the dominant strain. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of HMPV among children with respiratory infections in Nanjing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Min
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Dong
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liming Shi
- Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Ballegeer M, van Scherpenzeel RC, Delgado T, Iglesias-Caballero M, García Barreno B, Pandey S, Rush SA, Kolkman JA, Mas V, McLellan JS, Saelens X. A neutralizing single-domain antibody that targets the trimer interface of the human metapneumovirus fusion protein. mBio 2024; 15:e0212223. [PMID: 38117059 PMCID: PMC10790764 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02122-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen for which no licensed antivirals or vaccines exist. Single-domain antibodies represent promising antiviral biologics that can be easily produced and formatted. We describe the isolation and detailed characterization of two hMPV-neutralizing single-domain antibodies that are directed against the fusion protein F. One of these single-domain antibodies broadly neutralizes hMPV A and B strains, can prevent proteolytic maturation of F, and binds to an epitope in the F trimer interface. This suggests that hMPV pre-F undergoes trimer opening or "breathing" on infectious virions, exposing a vulnerable site for neutralizing antibodies. Finally, we show that this single-domain antibody, fused to a human IgG1 Fc, can protect cotton rats against hMPV replication, an important finding for potential future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies Ballegeer
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Teresa Delgado
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Shubham Pandey
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Scott A. Rush
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Vicente Mas
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jason S. McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB Center for Medical Biotechnology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Cho SJ, Kim SH, Lee H, Lee YU, Mun J, Park S, Park J, Park JS, Lee K, Lee CM, Seo J, Kim Y, Chung YS. Re-Emergence of HMPV in Gwangju, South Korea, after the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:1218. [PMID: 37887734 PMCID: PMC10609798 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12101218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented to prevent the spread of COVID-19 have affected the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses. In South Korea, Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) typically occurs from winter to the following spring; however, it was not detected for two years during the COVID-19 pandemic and re-emerged in the fall of 2022, which is a non-epidemic season. To examine the molecular genetic characteristics of HMPV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic, we analyzed 427 HMPV-positive samples collected in the Gwangju area from 2018 to 2022. Among these, 24 samples were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Compared to the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, the incidence rate of HMPV in 2022 increased by 2.5-fold. Especially in the age group of 6-10 years, the incidence rate increased by more than 4.5-fold. In the phylogenetic analysis results, before the COVID-19 pandemic, the A2.2.2 lineage was predominant, while in 2022, the A2.2.1 and B2 lineage were observed. The non-pharmaceutical interventions implemented after COVID-19, such as social distancing, have reduced opportunities for exposure to HMPV, subsequently leading to decreased acquisition of immunity. As a result, HMPV occurred during non-epidemic seasons, influencing the age distribution of its occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Ju Cho
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sun-Hee Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Hongsu Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yeong-Un Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jeongeun Mun
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Sujung Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jungwook Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Ji-Su Park
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Cheong-mi Lee
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jinjong Seo
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yonghwan Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Disease, Department of Infectious Disease Research, Health and Environment Research Institute of Gwangju, Gwangju 61954, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.C.); (H.L.); (Y.-U.L.); (J.M.); (S.P.); (J.P.); (J.-S.P.); (K.L.); (C.-m.L.); (J.S.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yoon-Seok Chung
- Division of High-Risk Pathogen, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA), Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
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Wei T, Wang C, Ma F, Guo J, Chen A, Huang Y, Xie Z, Zheng L. Whole genome sequencing and evolution analyses of Human metapneumovirus. Virus Genes 2023:10.1007/s11262-023-02001-2. [PMID: 37150780 PMCID: PMC10164418 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-023-02001-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major pathogen of acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children. Whole genome sequence analyses could help understand the evolution and transmission events of this virus. In this study, we sequenced HMPV whole genomes to improve the identification of molecular epidemiology in Beijing, China. Nasopharyngeal aspirates of hospitalized children aged < 14 years old with ARTIs were screened for HMPV infection using qPCR. Fourteen pairs of overlapping primers were used to amplify whole genome sequences of HMPV from positive samples with high viral loads. The epidemiology of HMPV was analysed and 27 HMPV whole genome sequences were obtained. Sequence identity and the positional entropy analyses showed that most regions of HMPV genome are conserved, whereas the G gene contained many variations. Phylogenetic analysis identified 25 HMPV sequences that belonged to a newly defined subtype A2b1; G gene sequences from 24 of these contained a 111-nucleotide duplication. HMPV is an important respiratory pathogen in paediatric patients. The new subtype A2b1 with a 111-nucleotide duplication has become predominate in Beijing, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianli Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 95 Yong-An St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Jianqiang Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China.
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, No. 100 Ying-Xin St., Xi-Cheng Dist., Beijing, 100052, China.
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Parida P, N S, E R S, Jagadesh A, Marate S, Govindakaranavar A. The emergence of human metapneumovirus G gene duplication in hospitalized patients with respiratory tract infection, India, 2016-2018. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:1109-1116. [PMID: 36399244 PMCID: PMC9889522 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08092-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) belongs to the family Pneumoviridae. It is one of the emerging respiratory viruses causing both upper and lower respiratory tract illnesses. HMPV has two genotypes: A and B. These genotypes are classified into lineage A1, A2, B1 and B2. Lineage-A2 is further classified as A2a, A2b and A2c. Similarly, B2 is classified as B2a and B2b. Studies have shown the circulation of A2b, B1 and B2 lineages in India. However, a limited amount of data is available on the current circulating genotypes of HMPV in India. METHODS Throat swab samples positive for HMPV by real-time RT- PCR, archived at Manipal Institute of Virology as a part of a hospital-based acute febrile illness surveillance study, was used from April 2016 to August 2018 by purposive sampling method. We performed the conventional reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for twenty samples targeting the G gene and then subjected them to sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis was done using MEGA X software by the Maximum Likelihood method. RESULTS All the twenty sequences belonged to the A2c subgroup. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strains from the study have genetic relation with circulating strains in Japan, China and Croatia. Seven out of the twenty sequences showed 180-nucleotide duplication and eleven sequences showed 111-nucleotide duplication. Two sequences did not show any duplications. CONCLUSION In the current study, we report that A2c is the sub-lineage in India from April 2016 to August 2018. This study is the first retrospective study reporting the circulation of the A2c sub-lineage among adults in India with 180- and 111-nucleotide duplications in the G gene of human metapneumovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetiparna Parida
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sudheesh N
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Sanjay E R
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anitha Jagadesh
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Srilatha Marate
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Arunkumar Govindakaranavar
- Manipal Institute of Virology (MIV), Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
- , 2-49, Vaikathu, Maratithota Road, MooduAthradi, Athradi PO, Udupi, Karnataka, 576107, India.
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Cong S, Wang C, Wei T, Xie Z, Huang Y, Tan J, Chen A, Ma F, Zheng L. Human metapneumovirus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 106:105386. [PMID: 36372116 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to described the epidemiology and genotypic diversity of Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence of HMPV in hospitalized children with Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Beijing, China. METHODS From April 2018 to March 2019 and from September 2020 to August 2021, nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPAs) from hospitalized children with ARTIs in Beijing were collected and subjected to real-time polymerase chain reaction tests for HMPV. Then genotyping, detection of 15 common respiratory viruses and clinical characteristics were analyzed on HMPV positive samples. RESULTS 7.9% (124/1572) enrolled pediatric patients were identified as having HMPV infection, and the majority of children under the age of 5 (78.2%, 92/124), From April 2018 to March 2019. The detection rate of HMPV in spring and winter is significantly higher than that in summer and autumn. The co-infection rate were 37.1% (46/124), the most common co-infected virus were parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3). The main diagnosis of HMPV infection was pneumonia (92.7%,115/124), most patient have cough and fever. Of 78 HMPV-positive specimens, A2b (82.1%,64/78) were the main epidemic subtypes. Hospitalized children with HMPV genotype A infection had a higher viral load compared to genotype B. During the COVID-19 outbreak, Among 232 samples, only 4 cases were HMPV-positive. After statistical test, the detection rate of HMPV during the COVID-19 pandemic has decreased significantly compared with that before the epidemic (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS HMPV is an important cause of ARTIs in children under 5 years old. The epidemic peak is generally in winter and spring, and the A2b subtype is the most common. However, under the prevention and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, the HMPV infection of hospitalized children with ARTIs has decreased significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Cong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chao Wang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Tianli Wei
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiping Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Huang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Tan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China; Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Aijun Chen
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Fenlian Ma
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China.
| | - Lishu Zheng
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China; Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Liu Z, Xie Z, Sun R, Zhang F, Xu W, Wang Z, Zhang Y. The A2c 111nt-dup Variants of Human Metapneumovirus Predominantly Circulating in Qingdao, China, during 2018 and 2019. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4301-4308. [PMID: 35656887 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) plays an important role in acute respiratory tract infections, especially in children. We investigated the epidemiology of HMPV associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) among pediatric inpatients and identified HMPV genetic variations in Qingdao, China, from January 2018 to June 2019. METHODS HMPV-positive samples were identified from throat swabs by multiplex real-time RT-PCR. The G gene sequences of HMPV were obtained, followed by phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS As a result, 71 out of 1051 (6.76%) patients were HMPV positive, and the HMPV-positive rate in children under 5 years of age was three times higher than that in those aged 5-17 years. The epidemic season of HMPV was in spring, with a peak mainly in March. Thirty-two nucleotide sequences of the HMPV G gene successfully obtained were clustered into 3 genotypes, A2c (25/32, 78.13%), B1 (3/32, 9.38%) and B2 (4/32, 12.50%). In addition, 76% (19/25) of A2c viruses were identified as the emerging A2c111nt-dup variants, which were predominantly circulating among pediatric inpatients with ARTIs between January 2018 and June 2019 in Qingdao. CONCLUSIONS The emerging A2c111nt-dup variants have spread between countries and cities and might spread more widely in the future. Further prevalence monitoring of this duplication variant is needed to clarify the potentially expanding transmission and to provide a scientific basis for disease control and vaccine development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Liu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibo Xie
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Sun
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Xu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoguo Wang
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Global Extension and Predominance of Human Metapneumovirus A2 Genotype with Partial G Gene Duplication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14051058. [PMID: 35632799 PMCID: PMC9146545 DOI: 10.3390/v14051058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is an important respiratory pathogen and is divided in two main groups (A and B). HMPV strains with partial duplications (111-nt and 180-nt duplication) of the G gene have been reported in recent years. Since the initial reports, viruses with these characteristics have been reported in several countries. We analyzed all complete HMPV G gene ectodomain sequences available at GenBank to determine if viruses with 111-nt or 180-nt duplication have become the leading HMPV strains worldwide, and to describe their temporal and geographic distribution. We identified 1462 sequences that fulfilled study criteria (764 HMPV A and 698 HMPV B) reported from 37 countries. The most frequent HMPV A genotype was A2b2 (n = 366), and the most frequent B genotype was B2 (n = 374). A total of 84 sequences contained the 111-nt duplication, and 90 sequences contained the 180-nt duplication. Since 2016, viruses with a partial duplication comprise the most frequent HMPV A sequences globally and have displaced other HMPV A viruses in Asia, Europe, and South America; no sequences of viruses with partial duplication have been reported in North America or Africa so far. Continued surveillance of HMPV is required to identify the emergence and spread of epidemiologically relevant variants.
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Zoonotic Origins of Human Metapneumovirus: A Journey from Birds to Humans. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040677. [PMID: 35458407 PMCID: PMC9028271 DOI: 10.3390/v14040677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Metapneumoviruses, members of the family Pneumoviridae, have been identified in birds (avian metapneumoviruses; AMPV’s) and humans (human metapneumoviruses; HMPV’s). AMPV and HMPV are closely related viruses with a similar genomic organization and cause respiratory tract illnesses in birds and humans, respectively. AMPV can be classified into four subgroups, A–D, and is the etiological agent of turkey rhinotracheitis and swollen head syndrome in chickens. Epidemiological studies have indicated that AMPV also circulates in wild bird species which may act as reservoir hosts for novel subtypes. HMPV was first discovered in 2001, but retrospective studies have shown that HMPV has been circulating in humans for at least 50 years. AMPV subgroup C is more closely related to HMPV than to any other AMPV subgroup, suggesting that HMPV has evolved from AMPV-C following zoonotic transfer. In this review, we present a historical perspective on the discovery of metapneumoviruses and discuss the host tropism, pathogenicity, and molecular characteristics of the different AMPV and HMPV subgroups to provide increased focus on the necessity to better understand the evolutionary pathways through which HMPV emerged as a seasonal endemic human respiratory virus.
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Biagi C, Scarpini S, Paleari C, Fabi M, Dondi A, Gabrielli L, Gennari M, Lanari M, Pierantoni L. Impact of Guidelines Publication on Acute Bronchiolitis Management: 10-Year Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in Italy. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2221. [PMID: 34835347 PMCID: PMC8625287 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. According to evidence-based guidelines, diagnosis is clinical, there is no need for routine use of laboratory or instrumental tests and therapy is primarily supportive, based on oxygen and adequate fluid supplementation. Nevertheless, unnecessary diagnostic tests and pharmacological treatments are still very common. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to evaluate how the management of bronchiolitis has changed in the last ten years in a Tertiary Care Center in Italy, assessing adherence to national guidelines. Considering the publication of the Italian inter-society consensus document in 2014, we compared patients admitted in the prior four epidemic seasons with patients admitted in the latter six epidemic seasons. The comparison between the two groups showed a significant reduction in the prescription of systemic corticosteroids (58.9% vs. 41.8%, p < 0.001), nebulized epinephrine (73.8% vs. 38.3%, p < 0.001) and antibiotics (59.5% vs. 42.3%, p < 0.001), together with a drastic decrease in the use of chest X-ray (92.2% vs. 54.4%, p < 0.001). On the contrary, the use of inhaled salbutamol remained substantially stable over time (39.4% vs. 37.6%, p = 0.505). Despite the encouraging results, further efforts are needed to limit the prescription of ineffective therapies like antibiotics and inhaled salbutamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlotta Biagi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Sara Scarpini
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Camilla Paleari
- Specialty School of Pediatrics, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Marianna Fabi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Arianna Dondi
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Liliana Gabrielli
- Microbiology Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Monia Gennari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Marcello Lanari
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
| | - Luca Pierantoni
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Scientific Institute for Research and Healthcare (IRCCS), Sant’Orsola Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy; (C.B.); (M.F.); (A.D.); (M.G.); (M.L.); (L.P.)
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Xie Z, Xu J, Ren Y, Cui A, Wang H, Song J, Zhang Q, Hu M, Xu W, Zhang Y. Emerging Human Metapneumovirus Gene Duplication Variants in Patients with Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, China, 2017-2019. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:275-277. [PMID: 33350918 PMCID: PMC7774569 DOI: 10.3201/eid2701.201043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected human metapneumovirus (HMPV) in 72 (7.1%) of 1,021 patients hospitalized with severe acute respiratory infection in Luohe, China, during 2017–2019. We detected HMPV most frequently in young children and less often in adults. HMPV genotype A2c variants 111 nt and 180 nt duplications predominated, demonstrating their continuing geographic spread.
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Host Components That Modulate the Disease Caused by hMPV. Viruses 2021; 13:v13030519. [PMID: 33809875 PMCID: PMC8004172 DOI: 10.3390/v13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the main pathogens responsible for acute respiratory infections in children up to 5 years of age, contributing substantially to health burden. The worldwide economic and social impact of this virus is significant and must be addressed. The structural components of hMPV (either proteins or genetic material) can be detected by several receptors expressed by host cells through the engagement of pattern recognition receptors. The recognition of the structural components of hMPV can promote the signaling of the immune response to clear the infection, leading to the activation of several pathways, such as those related to the interferon response. Even so, several intrinsic factors are capable of modulating the immune response or directly inhibiting the replication of hMPV. This article will discuss the current knowledge regarding the innate and adaptive immune response during hMPV infections. Accordingly, the host intrinsic components capable of modulating the immune response and the elements capable of restricting viral replication during hMPV infections will be examined.
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Dominance of the ON1 Genotype of RSV-A and BA9 Genotype of RSV-B in Respiratory Cases from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111323. [PMID: 33182267 PMCID: PMC7695323 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a main cause of hospital admission for lower respiratory tract infection. In previous studies from Saudi Arabia, higher prevalence of the NA1 genotype in group A was observed from Riyadh and Taif. This study recruited respiratory cases from Jeddah during January to December, 2017. RSV represented 13.4% in the recruited cases with 64% of them belonging to group A and 36% to group B. All group A cases in this study were ON1 type characterized by duplication of 72 nucleotides, 24 amino acids in the C-terminal in the second hypervariable region of the G gene. In addition, for group B all of the cases were clustered under BA9, which had uniquely characterized as duplication of 60 nucleotides in the G protein. Our sequences showed similarity with earlier sequences from Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Thailand, South Africa, Spain, the USA and Cyprus. Some amino acid substitutions in the investigated sequences would cause a change in potential O-glycosylation and N-glycosylation profiles from prototype ON1. The predominance of the ON1 and BA9 genotype of RSV-A in Jeddah compared to previous Saudi studies showing predominance of the NA1 genotype for group A. This difference in genotype prevalence could be due to fast spread of the ON1 genotype worldwide or due to the flux of travelers through Jeddah during hajj/umrah compared to Riyadh and Taif. This shift in genotype distribution requires continuous surveillance for genetic characterization of circulating respiratory infections including RSV. These findings may contribute to the understanding of RSV evolution and to the potential development of a vaccine against RSV.
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Barrera-Badillo G, Olivares-Flores B, Ruiz-López A, Fierro-Valdez MÁ, Gutiérrez-Vargas RI, López-Martínez I. Human Metapneumovirus: Etiological Agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections in Hospitalized and Deceased Patients with a Negative Diagnosis of Influenza. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9020085. [PMID: 32013048 PMCID: PMC7168596 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the four major viral pathogens associated with acute respiratory tract infections (ARI) and creates a substantial burden of disease, particularly in young children (<5 years) and older individuals (≥65 years). The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiological behavior of HMPV in Mexico. This retrospective study was conducted over a nine-year period and used 7283 influenza-negative respiratory samples from hospitalized and deceased patients who presented Severe Acute Respiratory Infection (SARI). The samples were processed with the help of qualitative multiplex RT-PCR for simultaneous detection of 14 respiratory viruses (xTAG® RVP FAST v2). 40.8% of the samples were positive for respiratory viruses, mainly rhinovirus/enterovirus (47.6%), respiratory syncytial virus (15.9%), HMPV (11.1%) and parainfluenza virus (8.9%). Other respiratory viruses and co-infections accounted for 16.5%. HMPV infects all age groups, but the most affected group was infants between 29 days and 9 years of age (65.6%) and adults who are 40 years and older (25.7%). HMPV circulates every year from November to April, and the highest circulation was observed in late winter. The results of this study aim to raise awareness among clinicians about the high epidemiological impact of HMPV in young children and older individuals in order to reduce the economic burden in terms of health care costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela Barrera-Badillo
- Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference “Dr. Manuel Martinez Baez” (InDRE), Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall., Alvaro Obregon 1480, Mexico City, Mexico; (B.O.-F.); (A.R.-L.); (M.Á.F.-V.); (I.L.-M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-3893-9972
| | - Beatriz Olivares-Flores
- Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference “Dr. Manuel Martinez Baez” (InDRE), Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall., Alvaro Obregon 1480, Mexico City, Mexico; (B.O.-F.); (A.R.-L.); (M.Á.F.-V.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Adriana Ruiz-López
- Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference “Dr. Manuel Martinez Baez” (InDRE), Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall., Alvaro Obregon 1480, Mexico City, Mexico; (B.O.-F.); (A.R.-L.); (M.Á.F.-V.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Fierro-Valdez
- Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference “Dr. Manuel Martinez Baez” (InDRE), Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall., Alvaro Obregon 1480, Mexico City, Mexico; (B.O.-F.); (A.R.-L.); (M.Á.F.-V.); (I.L.-M.)
| | - Rosaura Idania Gutiérrez-Vargas
- General Directorate of Epidemiology; Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 157. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall. Alvaro Obregon, Mexico City 01480, Mexico;
| | - Irma López-Martínez
- Institute of Epidemiological Diagnosis and Reference “Dr. Manuel Martinez Baez” (InDRE), Health Secretary. Francisco de P. Miranda No. 177. Colony Lomas de Plateros. Town Hall., Alvaro Obregon 1480, Mexico City, Mexico; (B.O.-F.); (A.R.-L.); (M.Á.F.-V.); (I.L.-M.)
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