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González M, Al-Adib M, Rodríguez AB, Carrasco C. COVID-19 and menstrual-related disturbances: a Spanish retrospective observational study in formerly menstruating women. Front Glob Womens Health 2024; 5:1393765. [PMID: 39140011 PMCID: PMC11319254 DOI: 10.3389/fgwh.2024.1393765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Four years after the start of the pandemic, there is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on the women's health regardless of their reproductive status. Objective The aim was to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of menstrual-related disturbances in formerly menstruating women following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Study design A retrospective observational study of adult women in Spain was conducted during the month of December 2021 using an online survey (N = 17,512). The present analysis includes a subpopulation of SARS-CoV-2-infected and formerly menstruating women (n = 72). The collected data included general characteristics, medical history, and specific information on COVID-19. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to investigate possible associations between the occurrence of menstrual-related disturbances after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results 38.8% of participants experienced menstrual-related disturbances following COVID-19. Among these, unexpected vaginal bleeding (20.8%) was the most common event, followed by spotting (11.1%) ( Table 1). Other reported changes were in the length (shorter = 12.5%) and flow (heavier = 30.3%) of menstrual bleeding in comparison to their previous experience. Regression analysis revealed that being a perimenopausal woman [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.721, CI 95%, 1.022-21.796, p = 0.047] and having a previous diagnosis of menorrhagia (AOR 5.824 CI 95%, 1.521-22.310, p = 0.010) were factors associated with the event. Conclusion These findings could help health professionals provide their patients with up-to-date scientific information to empower them to actively manage their reproductive health, especially in societies where menstrual health is still taboo.
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Affiliation(s)
- María González
- Grupo de investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Miriam Al-Adib
- Grupo de investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
- Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics “Miriam Gine”, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ana B. Rodríguez
- Grupo de investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Cristina Carrasco
- Grupo de investigación Neuroinmunofisiología y Crononutrición, Departamento de Fisiología, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Abla N, Almond LM, Bonner JJ, Richardson N, Wells TNC, Möhrle JJ. PBPK-led assessment of antimalarial drugs as candidates for Covid-19: Simulating concentrations at the site of action to inform repurposing strategies. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13865. [PMID: 39020517 PMCID: PMC11254780 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The urgent need for safe, efficacious, and accessible drug treatments to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prompted a global effort to evaluate drug repurposing opportunities. Pyronaridine and amodiaquine are both components of approved antimalarials with in vitro activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In vitro activity does not always translate to clinical efficacy across a therapeutic dose range. This study applied available, verified, physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for pyronaridine, amodiaquine, and its active metabolite N-desethylamodiaquine (DEAQ) to predict drug concentrations in lung tissue relative to plasma or blood in the default healthy virtual population. Lung exposures were compared to published data across the reported range of in vitro EC50 values against SARS-CoV-2. In the multicompartment permeability-limited PBPK model, the predicted total Cmax in lung mass for pyronaridine was 34.2 μM on Day 3, 30.5-fold greater than in blood (1.12 μM) and for amodiaquine was 0.530 μM, 8.83-fold greater than in plasma (0.060 μM). In the perfusion-limited PBPK model, the DEAQ predicted total Cmax on Day 3 in lung mass (30.2 μM) was 21.4-fold greater than for plasma (1.41 μM). Based on the available in vitro data, predicted drug concentrations in lung tissue for pyronaridine and DEAQ, but not amodiaquine, appeared sufficient to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication. Simulations indicated standard dosing regimens of pyronaridine-artesunate and artesunate-amodiaquine have potential to treat COVID-19. These findings informed repurposing strategies to select the most relevant compounds for clinical investigation in COVID-19. Clinical data for model verification may become available from ongoing clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Abla
- MMV Medicines for Malaria VentureGenevaSwitzerland
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Staroverov V, Galatenko A, Knyazev E, Tonevitsky A. Mathematical model explains differences in Omicron and Delta SARS-CoV-2 dynamics in Caco-2 and Calu-3 cells. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16964. [PMID: 38560455 PMCID: PMC10981414 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Within-host infection dynamics of Omicron dramatically differs from previous variants of SARS-CoV-2. However, little is still known about which parameters of virus-cell interplay contribute to the observed attenuated replication and pathogenicity of Omicron. Mathematical models, often expressed as systems of differential equations, are frequently employed to study the infection dynamics of various viruses. Adopting such models for results of in vitro experiments can be beneficial in a number of aspects, such as model simplification (e.g., the absence of adaptive immune response and innate immunity cells), better measurement accuracy, and the possibility to measure additional data types in comparison with in vivo case. In this study, we consider a refinement of our previously developed and validated model based on a system of integro-differential equations. We fit the model to the experimental data of Omicron and Delta infections in Caco-2 (human intestinal epithelium model) and Calu-3 (lung epithelium model) cell lines. The data include known information on initial conditions, infectious virus titers, and intracellular viral RNA measurements at several time points post-infection. The model accurately explains the experimental data for both variants in both cell lines using only three variant- and cell-line-specific parameters. Namely, the cell entry rate is significantly lower for Omicron, and Omicron triggers a stronger cytokine production rate (i.e., innate immune response) in infected cells, ultimately making uninfected cells resistant to the virus. Notably, differences in only a single parameter (e.g., cell entry rate) are insufficient to obtain a reliable model fit for the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Staroverov
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexei Galatenko
- Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny Knyazev
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Tonevitsky
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, HSE University, Moscow, Russia
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Art Photonics GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Chang YY, Wei AC. Transcriptome and machine learning analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on mitochondria and multiorgan damage. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297664. [PMID: 38295140 PMCID: PMC10830027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily concern the respiratory tract and lungs; however, studies have shown that all organs are susceptible to infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 may involve multiorgan damage from direct viral invasion through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), through inflammatory cytokine storms, or through other secondary pathways. This study involved the analysis of publicly accessible transcriptome data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for identifying significant differentially expressed genes related to COVID-19 and an investigation relating to the pathways associated with mitochondrial, cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in COVID-19. Significant differentially expressed genes were identified and ranked by statistical approaches, and the genes derived by biological meaning were ranked by feature importance; both were utilized as machine learning features for verification. Sample set selection for machine learning was based on the performance, sample size, imbalanced data state, and overfitting assessment. Machine learning served as a verification tool by facilitating the testing of biological hypotheses by incorporating gene list adjustment. A subsequent in-depth study for gene and pathway network analysis was conducted to explore whether COVID-19 is associated with cardiac, hepatic, and renal impairments via mitochondrial infection. The analysis showed that potential cardiac, hepatic, and renal impairments in COVID-19 are associated with ACE2, inflammatory cytokine storms, and mitochondrial pathways, suggesting potential medical interventions for COVID-19-induced multiorgan damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yu Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - An-Chi Wei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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5
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Liu S, Zhao Y, Feng X, Xu H. SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health: A review of potential mechanisms and treatment strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:12578-12596. [PMID: 35894645 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has brought great problems to mankind, including economic recession and poor health. COVID-19 patients are frequently reported with gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in clinical diagnosis. Maintaining intestinal health is the key guarantee to maintain the normal function of multiple organs, otherwise it will be a disaster. Therefore, the purpose of this review was deeply understanded the potential mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health and put forward reasonable treatment strategies. Combined with the existing researches, we summarized the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 infection threatening intestinal health, including intestinal microbiome disruption, intestinal barrier dysfunction, intestinal oxidative stress and intestinal cytokine storm. These adverse intestinal events may affect other organs through the circulatory system or aggravate the course of the disease. Typically, intestinal disadvantage may promote the progression of SARS-CoV-2 through the gut-lung axis and increase the disease degree of COVID-19 patients. In view of the lack of specific drugs to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication, the current review described new strategies of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics and nutrients to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection and maintain intestinal health. To provide new insights for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal symptoms and pneumonia in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanji Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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6
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Kim J, Ryu B, Kim Y, Choi Y, Lee E. Comparative Analysis of the Prevalence of Dysphagia in Patients with Mild COVID-19 and Those with Aspiration Pneumonia Alone: Findings of the Videofluoroscopic Swallowing Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1851. [PMID: 37893569 PMCID: PMC10608040 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Patients recovering from mild coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reportedly have dysphagia or difficulty in swallowing. We compared the prevalence of dysphagia between patients diagnosed with mild COVID-19 and those diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia alone. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2023 in 160 patients referred for a videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) to assess for dysphagia. The cohort included 24 patients with mild COVID-19 and aspiration pneumonia, 30 with mild COVID-19 without aspiration pneumonia, and 106 with aspiration pneumonia alone. We reviewed the demographic data, comorbidities, and VFSS results using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS) and functional dysphagia scale (FDS). Results: In a study comparing patients with mild COVID-19 (Group A) and those with aspiration pneumonia alone (Group B), no significant differences were observed in the baseline characteristics, including the prevalence of dysphagia-related comorbidities between the groups. Group A showed milder dysphagia, as evidenced by lower PAS and FDS scores, shorter oral and pharyngeal transit times (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), and fewer residues in the vallecula and pyriform sinuses (p < 0.001 and p < 0.03, respectively). When Group A was subdivided into those with COVID-19 with (Group A1) and without aspiration pneumonia (Group A2), both subgroups outperformed Group B in terms of specific VFSS metrics, such as oral transit time (p = 0.01), pharyngeal transit time (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively), and residue in the vallecula (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). However, Group B showed improved triggering of the pharyngeal swallowing reflex compared with Group A2 (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Mild COVID-19 patients showed less severe dysphagia than those with aspiration pneumonia alone. This finding was consistent across VFSS parameters, even when the COVID-19 group was subdivided based on the status of aspiration pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Eunyoung Lee
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sahmyook Medical Center, Seoul 02500, Republic of Korea; (J.K.); (B.R.); (Y.K.)
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7
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Feng Q, Xia W, Feng Z, Tan Y, Zhang Y, Liu D, Zhang G. The accelerated organ senescence and proteotoxicity in thyrotoxicosis mice. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:2481-2498. [PMID: 37750538 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of aging has always been the focus of research, because aging is related to disease susceptibility and seriously affects people's quality of life. The diseases also accelerate the aging process, especially the pathological changes of substantive organs, such as cardiac hypertrophy, severely shortened lifespan. So, lesions in organs are both a consequence and a cause of aging. However, the disease in a given organ is not in isolation but is a systemic problem. Our previous study found that thyrotoxicosis mice model has aging characteristics including immunosenescence, lipotoxicity, malnutrition. But all these characteristics will lead to organ senescence, therefore, this study continued to study the aging changes of important organs such as heart, liver, and kidney in thyrotoxicosis mice using tandem mass tags (TMT) proteomics method. The results showed that the excess thyroxine led to cardiac hypertrophy. In the liver, the ability to synthesize functional proteins, detoxify, and metabolism were declined. The effect on the kidney was the decreased ability of detoxify and metabolism. The main finding of the present study was that the acceleration of organ senescence by excess thyroxine was due to proteotoxicity. The shared cause of proteotoxicity in the three organs included the intensify of oxidative phosphorylation, the redundancy production of ribosomes, and the lack of splicing and ubiquitin proteasome system function. Totally, proteotoxicity was another parallel between thyrotoxicosis and aging in addition to lipotoxicity. Our research provided a convenient and appropriate animal model for exploring aging mechanism and antiaging drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Wenkai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Zhong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujun Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Deshan Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integration and Innovation of Classic Formula and Modern Chinese Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, Shandong, China
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8
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Cheong KL, Yu B, Teng B, Veeraperumal S, Xu B, Zhong S, Tan K. Post-COVID-19 syndrome management: Utilizing the potential of dietary polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115320. [PMID: 37595427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global impact, resulting in long-term health effects for many individuals. As more patients recover, there is a growing need to identify effective management strategies for ongoing health concerns, such as post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms or complications beyond several weeks or months from the onset of symptoms. In this review, we explore the potential of dietary polysaccharides as a promising approach to managing post-COVID-19 syndrome. We summarize the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and prebiotic activities of dietary polysaccharides for the management of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, the review investigates the role of polysaccharides in enhancing immune response, regulating immune function, improving oxidative stress, inhibiting virus binding to ACE2, balancing gut microbiota, and increasing functional metabolites. These properties of dietary polysaccharides may help alleviate COVID-19 symptoms, providing a promising avenue for effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Biao Yu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Teng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Suresh Veeraperumal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China.
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9
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Duong-Quy S, Huynh-Truong-Anh D, Nguyen-Thi-Kim T, Nguyen-Quang T, Tran-Ngoc-Anh T, Nguyen-Van-Hoai N, Do-Thi-Thu M, Nguyen-Chi T, Nguyen-Van T, Tang-Thi-Thao T, Nguyen-Tuan A, Nguyen-Hoang Q, Hoang-Phi-Tuyet P, Vu-Van G, Nguyen-Lan H, Nguyen-Hong C, Dinh-Ngoc S, Truong-Viet D, Nguyen-Nhu V, Nguyen-Duy T. Predictive Factors of Mortality in Patients with Severe COVID-19 Treated in the Intensive Care Unit: A Single-Center Study in Vietnam. Pulm Ther 2023; 9:377-394. [PMID: 37415031 PMCID: PMC10447826 DOI: 10.1007/s41030-023-00231-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The fourth outbreak of COVID-19 with the delta variant in Vietnam was very fierce due to the limited availability of vaccines and the lack of healthcare resources. During that period, the high mortality of patients with severe and critical COVID-19 caused many concerns for the health system, especially the intensive care units. This study aimed to analyze the predictive factors of death and survival in patients with severe and critical COVID-19. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study on 151 patients with severe and critical COVID-19 hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Binh Duong General Hospital. RESULTS Common clinical symptoms of severe and critical COVID-19 included shortness of breath (97.4%), fatigue (89.4%), cough (76.8%), chest pain (47.7%), loss of smell (48.3%), loss of taste (39.1%), and headache (21.2%). The abnormal biochemical features were leukopenia (2.1%), anemia, thrombocytopenia (18%), hypoxia with low PaO2 (34.6%), hypocapnia with reduced PaCO2 (29.6%), and blood acidosis (18.4%). Common complications during hospitalization were septic shock (15.2%), cardiogenic shock (5.3%), and embolism (2.6%). The predictive factors of death were being female, age > 65 years, cardiovascular comorbidity, thrombocytopenia (< 137.109/l), and hypoxia at inclusion or after the first week or blood acidosis (pH < 7.28). The use of a high dose of corticosteroids reduced the mortality during the first 3 weeks of hospitalization but significantly increased risk of death after 3 and 4 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Common clinical symptoms, laboratory features, and death-related complications of critical and severe COVID-19 patients were found in Vietnamese patients during the fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of this study provide new insight into the predictive factors of mortality for patients with severe and critical COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sy Duong-Quy
- Biomedical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City, Vietnam
- Hershey Medical Center, Penn State Medical College, State College, PA, USA
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Duc Huynh-Truong-Anh
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nguyen-Thi-Kim
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Tien Nguyen-Quang
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Tran-Ngoc-Anh
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Nam Nguyen-Van-Hoai
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Mai Do-Thi-Thu
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nguyen-Chi
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | - Toi Nguyen-Van
- Biomedical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - Tram Tang-Thi-Thao
- Biomedical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Nguyen-Tuan
- Biomedical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | - Quan Nguyen-Hoang
- Biomedical Research Center, Lam Dong Medical College, Dalat City, Vietnam
| | | | - Giap Vu-Van
- Respiratory Center, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu Nguyen-Lan
- Phu Chanh Covid-19 Hospital, Binh Duong General Hospital, Thu Dau Mot, Binh Duong Province, Vietnam
| | | | - Sy Dinh-Ngoc
- Respiratory Department, National Hospital of Lung Diseases, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Dung Truong-Viet
- Department of Public Health, Thang Long University, Ha Noi City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Nguyen-Nhu
- Department of Respiratory Functional Exploration. University Medical Center, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
| | - Thai Nguyen-Duy
- National Institute for Control of Vaccines and Biologicals, Ministry of Health, Hanoi City, Vietnam.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Vietnam University of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi City, Vietnam.
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10
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Granholm AC. Long-Term Effects of SARS-CoV-2 in the Brain: Clinical Consequences and Molecular Mechanisms. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3190. [PMID: 37176630 PMCID: PMC10179128 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12093190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous investigations have demonstrated significant and long-lasting neurological manifestations of COVID-19. It has been suggested that as many as four out of five patients who sustained COVID-19 will show one or several neurological symptoms that can last months after the infection has run its course. Neurological symptoms are most common in people who are less than 60 years of age, while encephalopathy is more common in those over 60. Biological mechanisms for these neurological symptoms need to be investigated and may include both direct and indirect effects of the virus on the brain and spinal cord. Individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementia, as well as persons with Down syndrome (DS), are especially vulnerable to COVID-19, but the biological reasons for this are not clear. Investigating the neurological consequences of COVID-19 is an urgent emerging medical need, since close to 700 million people worldwide have now had COVID-19 at least once. It is likely that there will be a new burden on healthcare and the economy dealing with the long-term neurological consequences of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections and long COVID, even in younger generations. Interestingly, neurological symptoms after an acute infection are strikingly similar to the symptoms observed after a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion, including dizziness, balance issues, anosmia, and headaches. The possible convergence of biological pathways involved in both will be discussed. The current review is focused on the most commonly described neurological symptoms, as well as the possible molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Charlotte Granholm
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver, CO 80045-0511, USA
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11
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Wilson AD, Forse LB. Potential for Early Noninvasive COVID-19 Detection Using Electronic-Nose Technologies and Disease-Specific VOC Metabolic Biomarkers. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:2887. [PMID: 36991597 PMCID: PMC10054641 DOI: 10.3390/s23062887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The established efficacy of electronic volatile organic compound (VOC) detection technologies as diagnostic tools for noninvasive early detection of COVID-19 and related coronaviruses has been demonstrated from multiple studies using a variety of experimental and commercial electronic devices capable of detecting precise mixtures of VOC emissions in human breath. The activities of numerous global research teams, developing novel electronic-nose (e-nose) devices and diagnostic methods, have generated empirical laboratory and clinical trial test results based on the detection of different types of host VOC-biomarker metabolites from specific chemical classes. COVID-19-specific volatile biomarkers are derived from disease-induced changes in host metabolic pathways by SARS-CoV-2 viral pathogenesis. The unique mechanisms proposed from recent researchers to explain how COVID-19 causes damage to multiple organ systems throughout the body are associated with unique symptom combinations, cytokine storms and physiological cascades that disrupt normal biochemical processes through gene dysregulation to generate disease-specific VOC metabolites targeted for e-nose detection. This paper reviewed recent methods and applications of e-nose and related VOC-detection devices for early, noninvasive diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infections. In addition, metabolomic (quantitative) COVID-19 disease-specific chemical biomarkers, consisting of host-derived VOCs identified from exhaled breath of patients, were summarized as possible sources of volatile metabolic biomarkers useful for confirming and supporting e-nose diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphus Dan Wilson
- Pathology Department, Center for Forest Health & Disturbance, Forest Genetics and Ecosystems Biology, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Lisa Beth Forse
- Southern Hardwoods Laboratory, Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
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12
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Epigenetic Targets and Pathways Linked to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Pathology. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020341. [PMID: 36838306 PMCID: PMC9967649 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The scale at which the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic has spread remains enormous. Provided the genetic makeup of the virus and humans is readily available, the quest for knowing the mechanism and epidemiology continues to prevail across the entire scientific community. Several aspects, including immunology, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interaction, are continuously being dug into for preparing the human race for future pandemics. The exact reasons for vast differences in symptoms, pathophysiological implications of COVID-infections, and mortality differences remain elusive. Hence, researchers are also looking beyond traditional genomics, proteomics, and transcriptomics approach, especially entrusting the environmental regulation of the genetic landscape of COVID-human interactions. In line with these questions lies a critical process called epigenetics. The epigenetic perturbations in both host and parasites are a matter of great interest to unravel the disparities in COVID-19 mortalities and pathology. This review provides a deeper insight into current research on the epigenetic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and potential targets for augmenting the ongoing investigation. It also explores the potential targets, pathways, and networks associated with the epigenetic regulation of processes involved in SARS-CoV-2 pathology.
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Oral intake of Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 plus Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 30579 to mitigate symptoms in COVID-19 patients: A randomized open label clinical trial. MEDICINE IN MICROECOLOGY 2022; 14:100061. [PMID: 36035620 PMCID: PMC9398813 DOI: 10.1016/j.medmic.2022.100061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
At the beginning of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, developing of new treatments to control the spread of infection and decrease morbidity and mortality are necessary. This prospective, open-label, case-control intervention study evaluates the impact of the oral intake of the probiotic yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus B0399 together with Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 30579, administered for 30 days, on the evolution of COVID-19 patients. Analysis of the digestive symptoms at the end of the follow up shows a benefit of the probiotic in the number of patients without pyrosis (100% vs 33.3%; p 0.05) and without abdominal pain (100% vs 62.5%; p 0.04). Results also show a better evolution when evaluating the difference in the overall number of patients without non-digestive symptoms at the end of the follow-up (41.7%, vs 13%; p 0.06). The percentage of improvement in the digestive symptoms (65% vs 88%; p value 0.06) and the global symptoms (digestive and non-digestive) (88.6% vs 70.8%; p value 0.03) is higher in the probiotic group. The probiotic was well tolerated with no relevant side effects and high adherence among patients. In conclusion, this coadjutant treatment seems to be promising, although results should be confirmed in new studies with higher number of patients.
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Nazerian Y, Ghasemi M, Yassaghi Y, Nazerian A, Mahmoud Hashemi S. Role of SARS-CoV-2-induced Cytokine Storm in Multi-Organ Failure: Molecular Pathways and Potential Therapeutic Options. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109428. [PMCID: PMC9637536 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has become a global public health emergency and has led to devastating results. Mounting evidence proposes that the disease causes severe pulmonary involvement and influences different organs, leading to a critical situation named multi-organ failure. It is yet to be fully clarified how the disease becomes so deadly in some patients. However, it is proven that a condition called “cytokine storm” is involved in the deterioration of COVID-19. Although beneficial, sustained production of cytokines and overabundance of inflammatory mediators causing cytokine storm can lead to collateral vital organ damages. Furthermore, cytokine storm can cause post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS), an important cause of morbidity after the acute phase of COVID-19. Herein, we aim to explain the possible pathophysiology mechanisms involved in COVID-19-related cytokine storm and its association with multi-organ failure and PCS. We also discuss the latest advances in finding the potential therapeutic targets to control cytokine storm wishing to answer unmet clinical demands for treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Nazerian
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Ghasemi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Younes Yassaghi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author at: Medical nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran / Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Association between RNAm-Based COVID-19 Vaccines and Permanency of Menstrual Cycle Alterations in Spanish Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111579. [PMID: 36358280 PMCID: PMC9687584 DOI: 10.3390/biology11111579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The purpose of this study was to delve more deeply into the medium and long-term relation between mRNA-based vaccines and changes in menstrual pain, cycle length, and amount of bleeding in Spanish women. Material and Methods: A total of 746 women (63% between 18−30 and 37% between 31−45 years old) participated in the study. A numerical rating scale was used for recording pain intensity, a pictorial chart for menstrual bleeding, and data from menstrual cycle duration, type of vaccine, number of doses and time from vaccination. Results: Sixty-five per cent of the women perceived changes in their menstrual cycle after receiving the vaccines, irrespective of type of vaccine or number of doses; all p values were >0.05. Most of them (n = 316 out of 484) reported more than one alteration in their menstrual cycle. Almost half of the participants had been vaccinated over 5 months (45%), 3−4 months (15%) 2−3 months (26%), and one month or less (13%) before. The percentage of women that reported alterations remained strongly constant across time, p > 0.05, ranging from 64 to 65%. Conclusions: Reported alterations in Spanish women after COVID vaccination remained more than 5 months after the last dose.
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16
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Zhao Y, Jaber VR, Lukiw WJ. SARS-CoV-2, long COVID, prion disease and neurodegeneration. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002770. [PMID: 36238082 PMCID: PMC9551214 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Vivian R. Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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17
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Lukiw WJ, Jaber VR, Pogue AI, Zhao Y. SARS-CoV-2 Invasion and Pathological Links to Prion Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1253. [PMID: 36139092 PMCID: PMC9496025 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of the COVID-19 disease, is a highly infectious and transmissible viral pathogen that continues to impact human health globally. Nearly ~600 million people have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and about half exhibit some degree of continuing health complication, generically referred to as long COVID. Lingering and often serious neurological problems for patients in the post-COVID-19 recovery period include brain fog, behavioral changes, confusion, delirium, deficits in intellect, cognition and memory issues, loss of balance and coordination, problems with vision, visual processing and hallucinations, encephalopathy, encephalitis, neurovascular or cerebrovascular insufficiency, and/or impaired consciousness. Depending upon the patient’s age at the onset of COVID-19 and other factors, up to ~35% of all elderly COVID-19 patients develop a mild-to-severe encephalopathy due to complications arising from a SARS-CoV-2-induced cytokine storm and a surge in cytokine-mediated pro-inflammatory and immune signaling. In fact, this cytokine storm syndrome: (i) appears to predispose aged COVID-19 patients to the development of other neurological complications, especially those who have experienced a more serious grade of COVID-19 infection; (ii) lies along highly interactive and pathological pathways involving SARS-CoV-2 infection that promotes the parallel development and/or intensification of progressive and often lethal neurological conditions, and (iii) is strongly associated with the symptomology, onset, and development of human prion disease (PrD) and other insidious and incurable neurological syndromes. This commentary paper will evaluate some recent peer-reviewed studies in this intriguing area of human SARS-CoV-2-associated neuropathology and will assess how chronic, viral-mediated changes to the brain and CNS contribute to cognitive decline in PrD and other progressive, age-related neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Alchem Biotek Research, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department Neurology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Vivian R. Jaber
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | | | - Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Department of Cell Biology & Anatomy, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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18
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Rostami Z, Mastrangelo G, Einollahi B, Nemati E, Shafiee S, Ebrahimi M, Javanbakht M, Saadat SH, Amini M, Einollahi Z, Beyram B, Cegolon L. A Prospective Study on Risk Factors for Acute Kidney Injury and All-Cause Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients From Tehran (Iran). Front Immunol 2022; 13:874426. [PMID: 35928822 PMCID: PMC9345117 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.874426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several reports suggested that acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relatively common occurrence in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, but its prevalence is inconsistently reported across different populations. Moreover, it is unknown whether AKI results from a direct infection of the kidney by SARS-CoV-2 or it is a consequence of the physiologic disturbances and therapies used to treat COVID-19. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of AKI since it varies by geographical settings, time periods, and populations studied and to investigate whether clinical information and laboratory findings collected at hospital admission might influence AKI incidence (and mortality) in a particular point in time during hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods Herein we conducted a prospective longitudinal study investigating the prevalence of AKI and associated factors in 997 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Baqiyatallah general hospital of Tehran (Iran), collecting both clinical information and several dates (of: birth; hospital admission; AKI onset; ICU admission; hospital discharge; death). In order to examine how the clinical factors influenced AKI incidence and all-cause mortality during hospitalization, survival analysis using the Cox proportional-hazard models was adopted. Two separate multiple Cox regression models were fitted for each outcome (AKI and death). Results In this group of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, the prevalence of AKI was 28.5% and the mortality rate was 19.3%. AKI incidence was significantly enhanced by diabetes, hyperkalemia, higher levels of WBC count, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). COVID-19 patients more likely to die over the course of their hospitalization were those presenting a joint association between ICU admission with either severe COVID-19 or even mild/moderate COVID-19, hypokalemia, and higher levels of BUN, WBC, and LDH measured at hospital admission. Diabetes and comorbidities did not increase the mortality risk among these hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Since the majority of patients developed AKI after ICU referral and 40% of them were admitted to ICU within 2 days since hospital admission, these patients may have been already in critical clinical conditions at admission, despite being affected by a mild/moderate form of COVID-19, suggesting the need of early monitoring of these patients for the onset of eventual systemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Rostami
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuseppe Mastrangelo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eghlim Nemati
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepehr Shafiee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beshest University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Luca Cegolon, ;; Mohammad Javanbakht,
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Manouchehr Amini
- Nephrology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Einollahi
- Scholl of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bentolhoda Beyram
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Luca Cegolon
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Public Health Department, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Cegolon, ;; Mohammad Javanbakht,
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Zhao Y, Lukiw WJ. SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion, Inflammatory Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:937961. [PMID: 35783095 PMCID: PMC9247146 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.937961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhai Zhao
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Walter J. Lukiw
- LSU Neuroscience Center, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology, LSU Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
- Department of Neurology, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, LA, United States
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20
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Goebel H, Koeditz B, Huerta M, Kameri E, Nestler T, Kamphausen T, Friemann J, Hamdorf M, Ohrmann T, Koehler P, Cornely OA, Montesinos-Rongen M, Nicol D, Schorle H, Boor P, Quaas A, Pallasch C, Heidenreich A, von Brandenstein M. COVID-19 Infection Induce miR-371a-3p Upregulation Resulting in Influence on Male Fertility. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040858. [PMID: 35453608 PMCID: PMC9033010 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In December 2019, the first case of COVID-19 was reported and since then several groups have already published that the virus can be present in the testis. To study the influence of SARS-CoV-2 which cause a dysregulation of the androgen receptor (AR) level, thereby leading to fertility problems and inducing germ cell testicular changes in patients after the infection. Formalin-Fixed-Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) testicular samples from patients who died with or as a result of COVID-19 (n = 32) with controls (n = 6), inflammatory changes (n = 9), seminoma with/without metastasis (n = 11) compared with healthy biopsy samples (n = 3) were analyzed and compared via qRT-PCR for the expression of miR-371a-3p. An immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) and ELISA were performed in order to highlight the miR-371a-3p targeting the AR. Serum samples of patients with mild or severe COVID-19 symptoms (n = 34) were analyzed for miR-371a-3p expression. In 70% of the analyzed postmortem testicular tissue samples, a significant upregulation of the miR-371a-3p was detected, and 75% of the samples showed a reduced spermatogenesis. In serum samples, the upregulation of the miR-371a-3p was also detectable. The upregulation of the miR-371a-3p is responsible for the downregulation of the AR in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients, resulting in decreased spermatogenesis. Since the dysregulation of the AR is associated with infertility, further studies have to confirm if the identified dysregulation is regressive after a declining infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Goebel
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.G.); (A.Q.)
| | - Barbara Koeditz
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Manuel Huerta
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Ersen Kameri
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Tim Nestler
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Thomas Kamphausen
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Melatengürtel 60/62, 50823 Cologne, Germany;
| | - Johannes Friemann
- Klinikum Lüdenscheid, Institute for Pathology, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Paulmannshöher Straße 14, 58515 Lüdenscheid, Germany;
| | - Matthias Hamdorf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), 1018 Westwood Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Timo Ohrmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
| | - Philipp Koehler
- Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (O.A.C.); (C.P.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Chair Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver A. Cornely
- Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (O.A.C.); (C.P.)
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Chair Translational Research, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
- Clinical Trials Centre Cologne (ZKS Köln), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50935 Cologne, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Manuel Montesinos-Rongen
- Department of Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany;
| | - David Nicol
- The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London SW3 6JJ, UK;
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University Bonn Clinics, University of Bonn, 53113 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Peter Boor
- Department of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, 52062 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Alexander Quaas
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (H.G.); (A.Q.)
| | - Christian Pallasch
- Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), Department I of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (P.K.); (O.A.C.); (C.P.)
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
- Department of Urology, Medical University Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Melanie von Brandenstein
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Urology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (B.K.); (M.H.); (E.K.); (T.N.); (T.O.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence:
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Alipoor SD, Mirsaeidi M. SARS-CoV-2 cell entry beyond the ACE2 receptor. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10715-10727. [PMID: 35754059 PMCID: PMC9244107 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07700-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known as the major viral entry site for SARS-CoV-2. However, viral tissue tropism and high rate of infectivity do not directly correspond with the level of ACE2 expression in the organs. It may suggest involvement of other receptors or accessory membrane proteins in SARSCoV-2 cell entry. METHODS AND RESULTS A systematic search was carried out in PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library for studies reporting SARS-CoV-2 cell entry. We used a group of the MeSH terms including "cell entry", "surface receptor", "ACE2", and "SARS-CoV-2". We reviewed all selected papers published in English up to end of February 2022. We found several receptors or auxiliary membrane proteins (including CD147, NRP-1, CD26, AGTR2, Band3, KREMEN1, ASGR1, ANP, TMEM30A, CLEC4G, and LDLRAD3) along with ACE2 that facilitate virus entry and transmission. Expression of Band3 protein on the surface of erythrocytes and evidence of binding with S protein of SARS-CoV-2 may explain asymptomatic hypoxemia during COVID19 infection. The variants of SARS-CoV-2 including the B.1.1.7 (Alpha), B.1.617.1 (Kappa), B.1.617.2 (Delta), B.1.617.2+ (Delta+), and B.1.1.529 (Omicron) may have different potency to bond with these receptors. CONCLUSIONS The high rate of infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 may be due to its ability to enter the host cell through a group of cell surface receptors. These receptors are potential targets to develop novel therapeutic agents for SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamila D. Alipoor
- grid.419420.a0000 0000 8676 7464Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic, Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mirsaeidi
- grid.15276.370000 0004 1936 8091Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Disease, College of Medicine-Jacksonville, University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL USA
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