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A Global Multiregional Proteomic Map of the Human Cerebral Cortex. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 20:614-632. [PMID: 34763096 PMCID: PMC9880820 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Brodmann area (BA)-based map is one of the most widely used cortical maps for studies of human brain functions and in clinical practice; however, the molecular architecture of BAs remains unknown. The present study provided a global multiregional proteomic map of the human cerebral cortex by analyzing 29 BAs. These 29 BAs were grouped into 6 clusters based on similarities in proteomic patterns: the motor and sensory cluster, vision cluster, auditory and Broca's area cluster, Wernicke's area cluster, cingulate cortex cluster, and heterogeneous function cluster. We identified 474 cluster-specific and 134 BA-specific signature proteins whose functions are closely associated with specialized functions and disease vulnerability of the corresponding cluster or BA. The findings of the present study could provide explanations for the functional connections between the anterior cingulate cortex and sensorimotor cortex and for anxiety-related function in the sensorimotor cortex. The brain transcriptome and proteome comparison indicates that they both could reflect the function of cerebral cortex, but show different characteristics. These proteomic data are publicly available at the Human Brain Proteome Atlas (www.brain-omics.com). Our results may enhance our understanding of the molecular basis of brain functions and provide an important resource to support human brain research.
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Nikvarz N, Sabouri S. Drug-induced stuttering: A comprehensive literature review. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:236-263. [PMID: 35317340 PMCID: PMC8900588 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i2.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced stuttering (DIS) is a type of neurogenic stuttering (NS). Although DIS has not been reported as frequently as other cases of NS in the literature, it is not a negligible adverse drug reaction (ADR) which can significantly affect the quality of life if not treated. This literature review aims to evaluate the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of DIS and suggests some pathophysiological mechanisms for this ADR. Relevant English-language reports in Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were identified and assessed without time restriction. Finally, a total of 62 reports were included. Twenty-seven drugs caused 86 episodes of stuttering in 82 cases. The most episodes of DIS were related to antipsychotic drugs (57%), mostly including clozapine, followed by central nervous system agents (11.6%) and anticonvulsant drugs (9.3%). The majority of the cases were male and between the ages of 31 and 40 years. Repetitions were the most frequent core manifestations of DIS. In 55.8% of the episodes of DIS, the offending drug was withdrawn to manage stuttering, which resulted in significant improvement or complete relief of stuttering in all cases. Based on the suggested pathophysiological mechanisms for developmental stuttering and neurotransmitters dysfunctions involved in speech dysfluency, it seems that the abnormalities of several neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and glutamate, in different circuits and areas of the brain, including cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop and white matter fiber tracts, may be engaged in the pathogenesis of DIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemeh Nikvarz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
| | - Salehe Sabouri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman 7616911319, Iran
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Ekhart C, van Hunsel F, van Harten P, van Baarsen J, Yingying T, Bast B. Drug-Induced Stuttering: Occurrence and Possible Pathways. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:692568. [PMID: 34512414 PMCID: PMC8423914 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.692568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stuttering is a well-known condition that affects mainly children. Often, they recover as they get older. However, a drug-induced form of stuttering may occur at any age. The aim of the present study was to detect drugs that have been associated with stuttering and discuss the mechanisms involved. Method: A descriptive study based on reports submitted to the global pharmacovigilance database VigiBase of the WHO was conducted. Results: A total of 3,385 reports of dysphemia were retrieved from VigiBase. These reports were contributed by 51 countries. Antiepileptics, antidepressants, immunosuppressants, antipsychotics, and centrally acting sympathomimetics were among the most frequently implicated drugs. Conclusion: A wide variety of drugs has been linked to the occurrence or recurrence of stuttering. Several mechanisms, such as increased dopamine levels, reduction of GABA, anticholinergic properties of drugs, or changes in serotonin levels, have been associated with the development of drug-induced stuttering. Paradoxically, agents known to reduce stuttering in some people may induce it in others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corine Ekhart
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 's-Hertogenbosch, Netherlands
| | | | - Peter van Harten
- Research Department, Psychiatric Centre GGz Centraal, Innova, Amersfoort, Netherlands.,Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Faculty of Health Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | - Tan Yingying
- Linguistic Institute, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China
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Pitton Rissardo J, Fornari Caprara A. Bupropion-associated movement disorders: A systematic review. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_35_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mohammadi H, Joghataei MT, Rahimi Z, Faghihi F, Khazaie H, Farhangdoost H, Mehrpour M. Sex steroid hormones and sex hormone binding globulin levels, CYP17 MSP AI (-34T:C) and CYP19 codon 39 (Trp:Arg) variants in children with developmental stuttering. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2017; 175:47-56. [PMID: 28992603 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Developmental stuttering is known to be a sexually dimorphic and male-biased speech motor control disorder. In the present case-control study, we investigated the relationship between developmental stuttering and steroid hormones. Serum levels of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), oestradiol, progesterone, cortisol, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), as well as the 2nd/4th digit ratio (2D:4D), an indicator of prenatal testosterone level, were compared between children who stutter (CWS) and children who do not stutter (CWNS). Moreover, two SNPs (CYP17 -34 T:C (MSP AI) and CYP19 T:C (Trp:Arg)) of cytochrome P450, which is involved in steroid metabolism pathways, were analysed between the groups. Our results showed significantly higher levels of testosterone, DHT, and oestradiol in CWS in comparison with CWNS. The severity of stuttering was positively correlated with the serum levels of testosterone, DHEA, and cortisol, whereas no association was seen between the stuttering and digit ratio, progesterone, or SHBG. The CYP17CC genotype was significantly associated with the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Mohammadi
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zohreh Rahimi
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Faezeh Faghihi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Habibolah Khazaie
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hashem Farhangdoost
- Department of Speech Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Mehrpour
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Hum J, Rietveld T, Wiedijk P, van Lieshout P. A pilot study into a possible relationship between diet and stuttering. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2017; 52:25-36. [PMID: 28576291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are theoretical and empirical reasons to consider a potential role for copper metabolism in the brain in how it could influence stuttering. However, a link between stuttering and dietary intake has never been researched in a systematic way. This pilot study therefore aimed to explore a possible association between ingested amounts of copper and thiamine (vitamin B1) with stuttering frequency using a double blind cross-over longitudinal paradigm. METHODS 19 adults who stutter between 20 and 51 years old filled out an online survey for 9 consecutive weeks. The survey consisted of self-assessed fluency and mood state scales, as well as food journals. After 4 weeks, the participants consumed either copper or thiamine supplements for 2 weeks, followed by a 1-week washout period, and another period of two weeks taking the other supplement. Formal speech assessments were done pre/post baseline and at the end of each supplement intake. Participants were not informed about the nature of the supplements during the experiment and the investigators were blinded to the order of the supplements. RESULTS The results demonstrated that copper and thiamine had no measurable effect on the amount of stuttering (self and formal assessments) but there was a moderate, significant correlation between mood state and fluency. CONCLUSION The findings do not support notions of dietary influences of ingested copper or thiamine on stuttering but do provide modest support for a relationship between variations in stuttering and self-perceived anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Hum
- Oral Dynamics Lab (ODL), Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Toni Rietveld
- Centre of Language Studies, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Wiedijk
- Oral Dynamics Lab (ODL), Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Pascal van Lieshout
- Oral Dynamics Lab (ODL), Department of Speech-Language Pathology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Pregabalin-Associated Stuttering in a Patient With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Case Report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 36:740-742. [PMID: 27755156 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Craig-McQuaide A, Akram H, Zrinzo L, Tripoliti E. A review of brain circuitries involved in stuttering. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:884. [PMID: 25452719 PMCID: PMC4233907 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stuttering has been the subject of much research, nevertheless its etiology remains incompletely understood. This article presents a critical review of the literature on stuttering, with particular reference to the role of the basal ganglia (BG). Neuroimaging and lesion studies of developmental and acquired stuttering, as well as pharmacological and genetic studies are discussed. Evidence of structural and functional changes in the BG in those who stutter indicates that this motor speech disorder is due, at least in part, to abnormal BG cues for the initiation and termination of articulatory movements. Studies discussed provide evidence of a dysfunctional hyperdopaminergic state of the thalamocortical pathways underlying speech motor control in stuttering. Evidence that stuttering can improve, worsen or recur following deep brain stimulation for other indications is presented in order to emphasize the role of BG in stuttering. Further research is needed to fully elucidate the pathophysiology of this speech disorder, which is associated with significant social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harith Akram
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK
| | - Ludvic Zrinzo
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK
| | - Elina Tripoliti
- Unit of Functional Neurosurgery, Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London London, UK ; Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery London, UK
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Abstract
Affecting 1% of the general population, stuttering impairs the normally effortless process of speech production, which requires precise coordination of sequential movement occurring among the articulatory, respiratory, and resonance systems, all within millisecond time scales. Those afflicted experience frequent disfluencies during ongoing speech, often leading to negative psychosocial consequences. The aetiology of stuttering remains unclear; compared to other neurodevelopmental disorders, few studies to date have examined the neural bases of childhood stuttering. Here we report, for the first time, results from functional (resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging) and structural connectivity analyses (probabilistic tractography) of multimodal neuroimaging data examining neural networks in children who stutter. We examined how synchronized brain activity occurring among brain areas associated with speech production, and white matter tracts that interconnect them, differ in young children who stutter (aged 3-9 years) compared with age-matched peers. Results showed that children who stutter have attenuated connectivity in neural networks that support timing of self-paced movement control. The results suggest that auditory-motor and basal ganglia-thalamocortical networks develop differently in stuttering children, which may in turn affect speech planning and execution processes needed to achieve fluent speech motor control. These results provide important initial evidence of neurological differences in the early phases of symptom onset in children who stutter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Eun Chang
- 1 Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Sabillo S, Samala RV, Ciocon JO. A Stuttering Discovery of Lithium Toxicity. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2012; 13:660-1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Neef N, Paulus W, Neef A, von Gudenberg AW, Sommer M. Reduced intracortical inhibition and facilitation in the primary motor tongue representation of adults who stutter. Clin Neurophysiol 2011; 122:1802-11. [PMID: 21377925 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Theys C, van Wieringen A, De Nil LF. A clinician survey of speech and non-speech characteristics of neurogenic stuttering. JOURNAL OF FLUENCY DISORDERS 2008; 33:1-23. [PMID: 18280866 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2007] [Revised: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 09/09/2007] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study presents survey data on 58 Dutch-speaking patients with neurogenic stuttering following various neurological injuries. Stroke was the most prevalent cause of stuttering in our patients, followed by traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and other causes. Speech and non-speech characteristics were analyzed separately for these four etiology groups. Results suggested possible group differences, including site of lesion and influence of speech conditions on stuttering. Other characteristics, such as within-word localization of disfluencies and presence of secondary behaviors were comparable across the etiology groups. The implications of our results for the diagnosis of neurogenic stuttering will be discussed. EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES After reading this article, the reader will be able to: (1) provide a concise overview of the main literature on neurogenic stuttering; (2) discuss the speech and non-speech characteristics of neurogenic stuttering; (3) provide an overview of current clinical practices for intervention with neurogenic stuttering patients and their perceived outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Theys
- ExpORL, Department of Neurosciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49 b 721, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
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