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Samani SL, Yadi M, Aflatoonian B, Zarehmehrjerdi F, Hafizibarjin Z, Rezvani ME, Izadi M. Beneficial effects of apigenin on ovarian histological changes and angiogenesis gene expression in rat model of polycystic ovary syndrome. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03414-y. [PMID: 39240354 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common heterogeneous reproductive disorder and can affect approximately 10% of women of reproductive age. Abnormal vasculogenesis is a common event in polycystic ovary syndrome. This study planned to evaluate the antiangiogenic role of apigenin in ovarian histology, gene expression, and vascular density and stability in an experimental model of PCOS. Twenty-eight rats weighing 180-250 g were divided into 4 groups. Seven rats in the control group remain intact and without treatment. In 21 rats, an ovary polycystic model with a single injection of estradiol valerate was established. The PCOS rats were treated with vehicle, apigenin 10, or apigenin 20 mg/kg in three different PCOS groups for 14 days. At the end, a histological assessment of the ovaries was performed to determine collagen density and follicle counting. The endothelial or periendothelial cells were determined by immunohistochemical assay, and angiogenesis gene expression was determined using molecular assessments. Apigenin treatment partially restored follicular development, decreased the number of cysts, and increased corpora lutea in PCOS rats. Also, apigenin decreased the collagen density in the polycystic ovaries. However, apigenin administration mitigated ovarian angiogenesis by a reduction in endothelial and periendothelial cell numbers. A decrease in VEGF and VEGF R2 (kinase insert domain receptor, KDR) expressions was found after the treatment of rats with apigenin. Conclusively, our data revealed that apigenin improves ovarian histological alterations and follicular dynamics in polycystic ovary rats. The effect is partially mediated by suppression of the VEGF signaling system and reduction in endothelial and periendothelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Lotfi Samani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahsa Yadi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Behrouz Aflatoonian
- Stem Cell Biology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarehmehrjerdi
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Zeynab Hafizibarjin
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahim Rezvani
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
- Yazd Neuroendocrine Research Center, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Mahin Izadi
- Research and Clinical Center for Infertility, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Andrology Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
- Department of Reproductive Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
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Wahid S, Ramli MDC, Fazleen NE, Naim RM, Mokhtar MH. Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Mini-Review of Lipid Profile, Blood Glucose, and Ovarian Histological Improvements. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:150. [PMID: 38276279 PMCID: PMC10817691 DOI: 10.3390/life14010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in women that is characterized by fluid-filled sacs in the ovaries and various symptoms, including high androgen levels, endometrial irregularities, and cysts. Although the main cause of PCOS remains unknown, it has been linked to genetic, endocrine, and metabolic factors, and there are several treatment options, including lifestyle modifications, medications, and surgery. Natural products such as medicinal plants and fruits are being explored as potential treatments for PCOS because of their bioactive compounds with pharmacological effects related to antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, and antidiabetic properties. Some of these compounds improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and enhance glucose metabolism, thereby benefiting patients with PCOS. This mini-review examined the effects of natural products on PCOS, including their effects on ovarian histological changes, blood glucose, sex hormones, and lipid profiles, based on animal and human studies. This study suggests that the use of natural products as complementary medicines can be a promising resource for the development of effective therapeutics for PCOS; however, further research is needed to fully understand their benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syawany Wahid
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (S.W.)
| | | | - Nur Ezza Fazleen
- International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Rosli Muhammad Naim
- School of Graduate Studies, Management and Science University, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia; (S.W.)
| | - Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
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Mills EG, Abbara A, Dhillo WS, Comninos AN. Effects of distinct Polycystic Ovary Syndrome phenotypes on bone health. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1163771. [PMID: 37251667 PMCID: PMC10213631 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1163771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent and heterogenous endocrinopathy affecting 5-18% of women. Although its cardinal features include androgen excess, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or polycystic ovarian morphology, women often display related metabolic manifestations, including hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity. Emerging data reveal that the hormonal alterations associated with PCOS also impact bone metabolism. However, inconsistent evidence exists as to whether PCOS is a bone-protective or bone-hindering disorder with an accumulating body of clinical data indicating that hyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance, and obesity may have a relative protective influence on bone, whereas chronic low-grade inflammation and vitamin D deficiency may adversely affect bone health. Herein, we provide a comprehensive assessment of the endocrine and metabolic manifestations associated with PCOS and their relative effects on bone metabolism. We focus principally on clinical studies in women investigating their contribution to the alterations in bone turnover markers, bone mineral density, and ultimately fracture risk in PCOS. A thorough understanding in this regard will indicate whether women with PCOS require enhanced surveillance of bone health in routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edouard G. Mills
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Abbara
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Waljit S. Dhillo
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander N. Comninos
- Section of Endocrinology and Investigative Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Endocrinology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Endocrine Bone Unit, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Gleicher N, Darmon S, Patrizio P, Barad DH. Reconsidering the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071505. [PMID: 35884809 PMCID: PMC9313207 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Though likely the most common clinical diagnosis in reproductive medicine, the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is still only poorly understood. Based on previously published research, and here newly presented supportive evidence, we propose to replace the four current phenotypes of PCOS with only two entities—a hyperandrogenic phenotype (H-PCOS) including current phenotypes A, B, and C, and a hyper-/hypoandrogenic phenotype (HH-PCOS), representing the current phenotype D under the Rotterdam criteria. Reclassifying PCOS in this way likely establishes two distinct genomic entities, H-PCOS, primarily characterized by metabolic abnormalities (i.e., metabolic syndrome) and a hyperandrogenic with advancing age becoming a hypoandrogenic phenotype (HH-PCOS), in approximately 85% characterized by a hyperactive immune system mostly due to autoimmunity and inflammation. We furthermore suggest that because of hypoandrogenism usually developing after age 35, HH-PCOS at that age becomes relatively treatment resistant to in vitro fertilization (IVF) and offer in a case-controlled study evidence that androgen supplementation overcomes this resistance. In view of highly distinct clinical presentations of H-PCOS and HH-PCOS, polygenic risk scores should be able to differentiate between these 2 PCOS phenotypes. At least one clustering analysis in the literature is supportive of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Gleicher
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; (S.D.); (P.P.); (D.H.B.)
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY 10022, USA
- Stem Cell Biology and Molecular Embryology Laboratory, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vienna University School of Medicine, 1009 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: or
| | - Sarah Darmon
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; (S.D.); (P.P.); (D.H.B.)
| | - Pasquale Patrizio
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; (S.D.); (P.P.); (D.H.B.)
- Minimally Invasive Gynecology Unit, Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences Department, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David H. Barad
- The Center for Human Reproduction, New York, NY 10021, USA; (S.D.); (P.P.); (D.H.B.)
- The Foundation for Reproductive Medicine, New York, NY 10022, USA
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Zhu J, Pujol-Gualdo N, Wittemans LBL, Lindgren CM, Laisk T, Hirschhorn JN, Chan YM. Evidence From Men for Ovary-independent Effects of Genetic Risk Factors for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e1577-e1587. [PMID: 34969092 PMCID: PMC8947237 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism and can be associated with cardiometabolic dysfunction, but it remains unclear which of these features are inciting causes and which are secondary consequences. OBJECTIVE To determine whether ovarian function is necessary for genetic risk factors for PCOS to produce nonreproductive phenotypes. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cohort of 176 360 men in the UK Biobank and replication cohort of 37 348 men in the Estonian Biobank. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We calculated individual PCOS polygenic risk scores (PRS), tested for association of these PRS with PCOS-related phenotypes using linear and logistic regression and performed mediation analysis. RESULTS For every 1 SD increase in the PCOS PRS, men had increased odds of obesity (odds ratio [OR]: 1.09; 95% CI, 1.08-1.10; P = 1 × 10-49), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (OR: 1.08; 95% CI, 1.05-1.10; P = 3 × 10-12), coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01-1.04; P = 0.0029), and marked androgenic alopecia (OR: 1.03; 95% CI, 1.02-1.05; P = 3 × 10-5). Body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1c, triglycerides, and free androgen index increased as the PRS increased, whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and SHBG decreased (all P < .0001). The association between the PRS and CAD appeared to be completely mediated by BMI, whereas the associations with T2DM and marked androgenic alopecia appeared to be partially mediated by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Genetic risk factors for PCOS have phenotypic consequences in men, indicating that they can act independently of ovarian function. Thus, PCOS in women may not always be a primary disorder of the ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Natàlia Pujol-Gualdo
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu 51010, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PEDEGO Research Unit, Medical Research Centre, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Laura B L Wittemans
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 ZFZ, UK
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Cecilia M Lindgren
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Nuffield Department of Women’s and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
- The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Triin Laisk
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu 51010, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joel N Hirschhorn
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yee-Ming Chan
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Deshmukh H, Shah N, Papageorgiou M, Abdalla MA, Lhaf F, Aye M, Sathyapalan T. Genetic risk for the polycystic ovary syndrome, bone mineral density and fractures in women and men: A UK Biobank Mendelian randomisation study. Bone 2022; 155:116285. [PMID: 34902614 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is conflicting data on the effect of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk. Recent genetic data suggest that men may also carry genetic risk factors for PCOS; the associations of these factors with parameters of bone health remains unknown. We aimed to investigate if the genetic risk of PCOS is associated with BMD and fracture risk in women and men in the UK Biobank dataset. METHODS We used Mendelian randomisation (MR) analysis to test the association of genetic risk of excess testosterone in PCOS with BMD and fractures in the UK biobank study. The MR analysis was performed using linear regression analysis with the weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) as an independent variable adjusting for age, BMI and population eigenvectors. The horizontal pleiotropy in the MR analysis was tested using MR-Egger regression analysis. RESULTS The study consisted of 221,086 Caucasian women (mean age ± SD: 56.7 ± 7.9 years, mean body mass index [BMI] ± SD: 27.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2, mean BMD ± SD: 0.50 ± 0.11 g/cm2) and 187,816 Caucasian men (mean age ± SD: 57.1 ± 8.1 years, mean BMI ± SD: 27.7 ± 4.1 kg/m2 and mean BMD ± SD: 0.56 ± 0.12 g/cm2). Women and men self-reported 24,797 (11%) and 17,076 (10%) fractures over the last 5 years, respectively. The MR analysis showed that one SD increase in the wGRS for clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism in PCOS was associated with significantly higher heel BMD (Beta = 0.0007 [±0.0002], P-value = 0.001) and a significantly reduced risk of fractures (OR = 0.97, P-value = 0.003) in women. A similar wGRS in men was not associated with BMD or risk of fractures. CONCLUSION In this study, we showed that the excess genetic risk for hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS is associated with a higher BMD and reduced risk of fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshal Deshmukh
- University of Hull, UK; Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trusts, UK
| | - Najeeb Shah
- University of Hull, UK; Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trusts, UK
| | | | | | | | - Mo Aye
- Hull University Teaching Hospital NHS Trusts, UK
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Impaired metabolic effects of metformin in men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 74:216-228. [PMID: 34897595 PMCID: PMC8786753 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00347-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Early-onset androgenic alopecia is considered the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome in men. The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether the presence of early-onset male-pattern baldness modulates metabolic effects of metformin. Methods This prospective case–control study included 2 groups of men at high risk for type 2 diabetes: 72 individuals with androgenic alopecia (group A) and 75 subjects with normal hair growth (group B). Both groups were matched for age, blood pressure, body mass index, insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. Glycated hemoglobin, glucose, plasma lipids, indices of insulin sensitivity/resistance, sex hormones, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were determined before and after metformin treatment (1.7 g daily). Results Twelve-month metformin treatment reduced fat content, waist circumference, glycated hemoglobin, glucose and triglycerides, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Although observed in both study populations, these effects were more pronounced in group B. Moreover, metformin decreased hsCRP and bioavailable testosterone levels in group B, as well as reduced 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in group A. Treatment-induced changes in glucose homeostasis markers correlated with the impact of metformin on hsCRP and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels. Conclusions Metabolic effects of metformin in males are attenuated if they have coexisting early-onset androgenic alopecia. This finding may be partially explained by differences in severity of low-grade systemic inflammation and vitamin D status. The obtained results, requiring confirmation in large prospective studies, suggest that men with early-onset male-pattern baldness benefit to a lesser degree from metformin treatment than other men at high risk for type 2 diabetes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43440-021-00347-8.
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Impact of lisinopril on cardiometabolic risk factors in men with hypertension and early-onset androgenetic alopecia: a pilot study. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2021; 78:e738-e742. [PMID: 34321400 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at high cardiometabolic risk. Early-onset male-pattern baldness is considered the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome in men. The aim of the present study was to assess whether early-onset androgenetic alopecia modifies cardiometabolic effects of lisinopril in men with arterial hypertension. The study population consisted of 62 young men with grade 1 hypertension, 31 of whom were diagnosed with early-onset male-pattern baldness (group A). Thirty-one blood pressure-matched men with normal hair growth (group B) served as a control group. All participants were treated with lisinopril (10-40 mg daily). Blood pressure, glucose homeostasis markers, urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), as well as plasma levels of uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, total and calculated free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate and estradiol were assessed before lisinopril treatment and six months later. At baseline, levels of all cardiometabolic risk factors were higher in group A than group B. Although lisinopril reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, UACR, hsCRP and fibrinogen in both study groups, these effects were stronger in group B than in group A. Only in group B, the drug decreased levels of uric acid and homocysteine, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. The impact of lisinopril on uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine and UACR correlated weakly with its hypotensive properties, androgen levels and insulin sensitivity. The obtained results suggest that cardiometabolic effects of lisinopril in men are less pronounced in case of coexisting early-onset androgenetic alopecia.
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The impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity in euthyroid men with autoimmune thyroiditis and early-onset androgenic alopecia. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1439-1447. [PMID: 34106452 PMCID: PMC8460519 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Early-onset androgenic alopecia is regarded as the phenotypic equivalent of polycystic ovary syndrome in men. Women with polycystic ovary syndrome are at high risk of autoimmune thyroiditis. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether early-onset androgenic alopecia determines the impact of exogenous vitamin D on thyroid autoimmunity and thyroid function in men with autoimmune thyroiditis. Methods The study included 67 young men with autoimmune thyroiditis, 25 of whom had early-onset androgenic alopecia (group A). All 25 men with alopecia and 23 out of the 42 men with no evidence of hair loss, matched for age, antibody titers and thyrotropin levels (group B), were then treated with vitamin D (100 μg daily). Serum titers of thyroid peroxidase and thyroglobulin antibodies, serum levels of thyrotropin, free thyroid hormones, total and calculated free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, estradiol, prolactin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D, as well as the calculated parameters of thyroid homeostasis were assessed before vitamin D treatment and 6 months later. Results At baseline, thyroid antibody titers were higher in subjects with than without alopecia and correlated with calculated free testosterone levels. Vitamin D reduced antibody titers in both groups but this effect was stronger in group B than group A. Only in group B, vitamin D increased SPINA-GT. The impact of vitamin D on antibody titers correlated with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, calculated free testosterone, treatment-induced increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and the improvement in insulin sensitivity. Conclusion This study suggests that euthyroid men with early-onset androgenic alopecia may benefit to a lesser degree from vitamin D treatment than other subjects with autoimmune thyroiditis.
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Krysiak R, Basiak M, Okopień B. Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Rosuvastatin-Treated Men with Mixed Dyslipidemia and Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102844. [PMID: 34064815 PMCID: PMC8151490 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Men with early-onset androgenetic alopecia are characterized by hormonal profiles similar to those observed in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The purpose of this research was to investigate levels of cardiometabolic risk factors in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-treated men with early-onset androgenic alopecia. We studied two matched rosuvastatin-treated groups of men with mixed dyslipidemia: subjects with early-onset androgenic alopecia (group A) and subjects with normal hair growth (group B). Plasma lipids, glucose homeostasis markers, and levels of sex hormones, uric acid, hsCRP, homocysteine, fibrinogen, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were measured before entering the study and six months later. Both groups differed in insulin sensitivity and levels of calculated bioavailable testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate, uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. Though observed in both study groups, treatment-induced reductions in total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, hsCRP, and fibrinogen were more pronounced in group B than group A. Moreover, only in group A did rosuvastatin deteriorate insulin sensitivity, and only in group B did the drug affect uric acid, homocysteine, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D. The impact of rosuvastatin on cardiometabolic risk factors correlated with insulin sensitivity, calculated bioavailable testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate. The obtained results suggest that men with early-onset androgenic alopecia may benefit to a lesser degree from rosuvastatin treatment than their peers.
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Buddhavarapu S. Bearding, Balding and Infertile: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and Nationalist Discourse in India. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMANITIES 2020; 41:411-427. [PMID: 31278637 DOI: 10.1007/s10912-019-09567-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the gendered and racialized discourse on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) in India. A complex metabolic, endocrinal and reproductive disorder, PCOS is one of the most common endocrinopathies in women of reproductive age today. Due to an unclear etiology, there is no single clinical definition for PCOS, contributing to a sense of confusion around the syndrome. India has one of the highest rates of PCOS in the world. Medical and social discourses on PCOS suggest the high rates are due to the failures of Westernized lifestyle and diet in women from developing countries. Taking the example of India, I argue that the lack of a clear etiology creates a discursive vacuum and that PCOS in itself is not a gendered and racialized syndrome, but the discourse on it is. Through the figure of the "new Indian woman," I address the socio-political anxieties of nationalism projected onto the female body and suggest that the discourse on PCOS in India is in reaction to a rising nationalist rhetoric. As a syndrome that presents through "masculine" symptoms, PCOS acts a unique entryway into the intersectional issues of gender, race, sexuality, class and national identities. An analysis of the Indian setting might shed light on PCOS discourses that are increasingly relevant globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Buddhavarapu
- Department of Gender, Race, Sexuality and Social Justice, University of British Columbia, 038 - 2080 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Di Guardo F, Ciotta L, Monteleone M, Palumbo M. Male Equivalent Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Hormonal, Metabolic, and Clinical Aspects. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2020; 14:79-83. [PMID: 32681618 PMCID: PMC7382675 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2020.6092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies identified the presence of a male polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), which mainly affects men
whose female relatives are afflicted with PCOS, caused by genes responsible for the susceptibility of this syndrome in women.
Similar hormonal, metabolic, and clinical alterations occurring in PCOS women have also been reported in their male
relatives, suggesting a association between the male and female forms of the syndrome. Although the remarkable
clinical manifestation of the male equivalent PCOS is diagnosed by the early-onset androgenetic alopecia, characterized by hair recession, pronounced hypertrichosis, insulin resistance, biochemical and hormonal abnormalities, the
hormonal/metabolic profile is still controversial. Men affected by early-onset androgenetic alopecia (AGA) are at risk
of developing hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance, dyslipidaemia, and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no
consensus on the association of male equivalent PCOS with hypertension and obesity. Moreover, reduced levels of
sex hormone-binding globulin have been detected in these male patients, accompanied by increased free androgens.
Conversely, literature reported lower concentrations of testosterone in male equivalent PCOS when compared with the
normal range, indicating a crucial role for the conversion of cortical androgens. Finally, further studies are warranted
to investigate a possible link among AGA, metabolic/hormonal alterations, and acne. Our study assessed the hormo-
nal, metabolic and clinical aspects of male equivalent PCOS syndrome reported in the literature to evaluate similar
and divergent elements involved in the female version of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Di Guardo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.Electronic Address:
| | - Lilliana Ciotta
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Morena Monteleone
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Palumbo
- Department of General Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Mongioì LM, La Vignera S, Calogero AE. Does a male polycystic ovarian syndrome equivalent exist? J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:49-57. [PMID: 28711970 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of a genetic background in the etiology of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) represents the rational basis to postulate the existence of a male PCOS equivalent. Hormonal and metabolic abnormalities have been described in male relatives of women with PCOS. These males also have a higher prevalence of early onset (<35 years) androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Hence, this feature has been proposed as a clinical sign of the male PCOS equivalent. Clinical evidence has shown that men with early onset AGA have hormonal and metabolic abnormalities. Large cohort studies have clearly shown a higher prevalence of type II diabetes mellitus (DM II) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in elderly men with early onset AGA. In addition, prostate cancer, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis have been described. These findings support the existence of the male PCOS equivalent, which may represent an endocrine syndrome with a metabolic background, and might predispose to the development of DM II, CVDs, prostate cancer, BPH and prostatitis later in life. Its acknowledgment would be helpful for the prevention of these long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - R A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - L M Mongioì
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - S La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy
| | - A E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Policlinico "G. Rodolico", via S. Sofia 78, 95123, Catania, Italy.
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Cohen PR, Kurzrock R. Polycystic ovary syndrome in men. Med Hypotheses 2017; 103:64. [PMID: 28571814 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy and Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, CA, United States
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Mobeen H, Afzal N, Kashif M. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome May Be an Autoimmune Disorder. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:4071735. [PMID: 27274883 PMCID: PMC4871972 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4071735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder affecting females. It is a common cause of menstrual irregularities and infertility during reproductive age. Genetic and hormonal factors play crucial role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Low level of progesterone in PCOS causes overstimulation of immune system that produces more estrogen which leads to various autoantibodies. Different autoantibodies have been documented in PCOS, for example, anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-thyroid, anti-spermatic, anti-SM, anti-histone, anti-carbonic anhydrase, anti-ovarian, and anti-islet cell antibodies. There is an association between PCOS and autoimmune diseases such as ANA and anti-TPO that have been documented in systemic lupus erythematosus and Hashimoto thyroiditis, respectively, and it is suspected that there are autoantibodies that might affect the long term clinical management of these patients. Therefore fluctuating levels of autoantibodies in different PCOS patients give us the way to open new chapter for future research on molecular level. This may lead to discovery of better treatment options for PCOS in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hifsa Mobeen
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Afzal
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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16
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Polycystic ovary syndrome in globalizing India: An ecosocial perspective on an emerging lifestyle disease. Soc Sci Med 2015; 146:21-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Zwart SR, Gregory JF, Zeisel SH, Gibson CR, Mader TH, Kinchen JM, Ueland PM, Ploutz-Snyder R, Heer MA, Smith SM. Genotype, B-vitamin status, and androgens affect spaceflight-induced ophthalmic changes. FASEB J 2015; 30:141-8. [PMID: 26316272 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-278457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ophthalmic changes have occurred in a subset of astronauts on International Space Station missions. Visual deterioration is considered the greatest human health risk of spaceflight. Affected astronauts exhibit higher concentrations of 1-carbon metabolites (e.g., homocysteine) before flight. We hypothesized that genetic variations in 1-carbon metabolism genes contribute to susceptibility to ophthalmic changes in astronauts. We investigated 5 polymorphisms in the methionine synthase reductase (MTRR), methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT), and cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) genes and their association with ophthalmic changes after flight in 49 astronauts. The number of G alleles of MTRR 66 and C alleles of SHMT1 1420 both contributed to the odds of visual disturbances. Preflight dehydroepiandrosterone was positively associated with cotton wool spots, and serum testosterone response during flight was associated with refractive change. Block regression showed that B-vitamin status and genetics were significant predictors of many of the ophthalmic outcomes that we observed. In one example, genetics trended toward improving (P = 0.10) and B-vitamin status significantly improved (P < 0.001) the predictive model for refractive change after flight. We document an association between MTRR 66 and SHMT1 1420 polymorphisms and spaceflight-induced vision changes. This line of research could lead to therapeutic options for both space travelers and terrestrial patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Zwart
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jesse F Gregory
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Steven H Zeisel
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles R Gibson
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas H Mader
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jason M Kinchen
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Per M Ueland
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert Ploutz-Snyder
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Martina A Heer
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- *Division of Space Life Sciences, Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, USA; Food Science and Human Nutrition, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA; Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Kannapolis, Kannapolis, North Carolina, USA; Coastal Eye Associates, Webster, Texas, USA; Cooper Landing, Alaska, USA; Metabolon, Incorporated, Durham, North Carolina, USA; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; **Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; and Biomedical Research and Environmental Sciences Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Podfigurna-Stopa A, Luisi S, Regini C, Katulski K, Centini G, Meczekalski B, Petraglia F. Mood disorders and quality of life in polycystic ovary syndrome. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015. [PMID: 26204044 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1009437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-10% of the population of women. The exact etiology of PCOS remains unclear, but it is believed to result from complex interactions between genetic, behavioral and environmental factors. The spectrum of its symptoms such as hirsutism, skin problems, obesity and finally infertility has a huge negative impact on the individuals' psychological and interpersonal functioning. PCOS symptoms can lead to significant deterioration in quality of life and be highly stressful negatively affecting psychological well-being and sexuality. Fear symptoms like palpitation, being out of breath and tension might be caused by many somatic diseases. Moreover, detection and continuous thinking about illness can lead to significant negative impact on individual functioning in society. PCOS may be a factor potentially favoring the occurrence of mood disorders and depression. Biological, social and psychological consequences of PCOS among women of reproductive age are opening a new perspective on management of women's health in these patients.
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19
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Shannon M, Wang Y. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Common But Often Unrecognized Condition. J Midwifery Womens Health 2012; 57:221-30. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1542-2011.2012.00161.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Schweighofer N, Lerchbaum E, Trummer O, Schwetz V, Pilz S, Pieber TR, Obermayer-Pietsch B. Androgen levels and metabolic parameters are associated with a genetic variant of F13A1 in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Gene 2012; 504:133-9. [PMID: 22565190 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), characterized by hyperandrogenism, is one of the most common hormonal disorders among premenopausal women and is associated with infertility, obesity, and insulin resistance. Accumulating evidence suggests a role of the blood coagulation factor gene F13A1 in obesity (GeneBank ID: NM_000129.3). The aim of this study was to investigate the association of intronic allelic variants of the F13A1 gene with PCOS susceptibility and metabolic parameters in lean and obese PCOS women. In a case-control study, we determined an intronic F13A1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) (dbSNP ID: rs7766109) in 585 PCOS and 171 control women and tested for PCOS susceptibility and associations with anthropometric, metabolic and hormonal parameters. Genotype frequencies of the F13A1 SNP rs7766109 were equivalent in PCOS and control women. In PCOS women, F13A1 gene variants were significantly associated with body mass index (BMI) (p=0.013), systolic blood pressure (p=0.042), insulin response (AUCins) (p=0.015), triglycerides (TG) (p=0.001), and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) (p=0.012). In the subgroup of obese PCOS women free androgen index (FAI), free testosterone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) as well as glucose measurements showed a significantly different pattern across F13A1 gene variants (p=0.043; p=0.039 and p=0.013, respectively). We report for the first time an association of the F13A1 SNP rs7766109 with BMI, androgens, and insulin resistance in PCOS women. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings and to evaluate whether F13A1 is causally involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS related metabolic and hormonal disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Schweighofer
- Medical University of Graz, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036 Graz, Austria
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González-González JG, Mancillas-Adame LG, Fernández-Reyes M, Gómez-Flores M, Lavalle-González FJ, Ocampo-Candiani J, Villarreal-Pérez JZ. Androgenetic alopecia and insulin resistance in young men. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2009; 71:494-9. [PMID: 19094069 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2008.03508.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have associated androgenetic alopecia (AGA) with severe young-age coronary artery disease and hypertension, and linked it to insulin resistance. We carried out a case-control study in age- and weight-matched young males to study the link between AGA and insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index or metabolic syndrome clinical manifestations. METHODS Eighty young males, 18-35 years old, with AGA > or = stage III in the Hamilton-Norwood classification, and 80 weight- and age-matched controls were included. Alopecia, glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile and androgen levels, as well as metabolic syndrome criteria, were evaluated. RESULTS The HOMA-IR index was significantly higher in cases than controls. Nonobese cases had a higher mean diastolic blood pressure and a more frequent family history of AGA than nonobese controls. A borderline difference in the HOMA-IR index was found in obese AGA cases vs. obese controls [P = 0.055, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.36-4.20 vs. 1.75-2.73]. Free testosterone values were significantly higher in controls than cases, regardless of body mass index (BMI). A statistically significant additive effect for obesity plus alopecia was found, with significant trends for insulin, the HOMA-IR index, lipids and free testosterone when BMI and alopecia status were used to classify the participants. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the recommendation for assessing insulin resistance and cardiovascular-related features and disorders in all young males with stage III or higher AGA, according to the Hamilton-Norwood classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Gerardo González-González
- Servicio de Endocrinologia, Dr Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Ave. Madero y Gonzalitos S/N, Monterrey, Mexico.
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22
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:284-299. [PMID: 18438178 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283040e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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