Would pancreas duct-epithelium-derived stem/progenitor cells enhance islet allograft survival by means of islets recruitment and tolerance induction in Edmonton protocol era?

Better induction and differentiation strategy for rat pancreatic stem cells: transplant in liver niche

Current in vitro induction protocols cannot generate mature islet cells from stem cells. Transplantation into the liver niche may greatly contribute to the maturity of pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) due to its similarity to the pancreas. To determine the effect of the liver niche on the differentiation of PSCs, we used neonatal Wistar rat pancreata for cultivation of PSCs, which were transplanted into diabetic Wistar rats via the portal vein or beneath the renal capsule. After transplantation, we measured random blood glucose, weight, and serum insulin and performed an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Specimens were examined by immunofluorescence. As a result, highly proliferating harvested cells showed the characteristics of stem cells. The PSCs could be induced to form large islet-like structures (150-200 mum diameter) in the liver, which resulted in better therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, there were smaller islet-like structures (about 50 mum diameter) when PSCs were transplanted beneath the renal capsule. These findings demonstrated that the liver niche benefits the in vivo differentiation of PSCs into endocrine and exocrine cells that may contribute to the generation of insulin producing cells.