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Keshavarz M, Mohammad Miri S, Behboudi E, Arjeini Y, Dianat-Moghadam H, Ghaemi A. Oncolytic virus delivery modulated immune responses toward cancer therapy: Challenges and perspectives. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 108:108882. [PMID: 35623296 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) harness the hallmarks of tumor cells and cancer-related immune responses for the lysis of malignant cells, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, and exertion of vaccine-like activities. However, efficient clinical exploitation of these potent therapeutic modules requires their systematic administration, especially against metastatic and solid tumors. Therefore, developing methods for shielding a virus from the neutralizing environment of the bloodstream while departing toward tumor sites is a must. This paper reports the latest advancements in the employment of chemical and biological compounds aimed at safe and efficient delivery of OVs to target tissues or tumor deposits within the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Keshavarz
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mohammad Miri
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Emad Behboudi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Yaser Arjeini
- Department of Research and Development, Production and Research Complex, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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Laurenzana A, Margheri F, Chillà A, Biagioni A, Margheri G, Calorini L, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M. Endothelial Progenitor Cells as Shuttle of Anticancer Agents. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 27:784-791. [PMID: 27502560 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies are treatments in which stem or progenitor cells are stimulated to differentiate into specialized cells able to home to and repair damaged tissues. After their discovery, endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) stimulated worldwide interest as possible vehicles to perform autologous cell therapy of tumors. Taking into account the tumor-homing properties of EPCs, two different approaches to control cancer progression have been pursued by combining cell-based therapy with gene therapy or with nanomedicine. The first approach is based on the possibility of engineering EPCs to express different transgenes, and the second is based on the capacity of EPCs to take up nanomaterials. Here we review the most important progress covering the following issues: the characterization of bona fide endothelial progenitor cells, their role in tumor vascularization and metastasis, and preclinical data about their use in cell-based tumor therapy, considering antiangiogenic, suicide, immune-stimulating, and oncolytic virus gene therapy. The mixed approach of EPC cell therapy and nanomedicine is discussed in terms of plasmonic-dependent thermoablation and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Margheri
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Anastasia Chillà
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Alessio Biagioni
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Margheri
- 2 Institute for Complex Systems , National Research Council, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lido Calorini
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy.,3 Center of Excellence for the Study at Molecular and Clinical Levels of Chronic, Degenerative, and Neoplastic Diseases to Develop Novel Therapies (DENOTHE) , Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- 1 Department of Clinical and Experimental Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence , Florence, Italy.,3 Center of Excellence for the Study at Molecular and Clinical Levels of Chronic, Degenerative, and Neoplastic Diseases to Develop Novel Therapies (DENOTHE) , Florence, Italy
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Young JS, Kim JW, Ahmed AU, Lesniak MS. Therapeutic cell carriers: a potential road to cure glioma. Expert Rev Neurother 2015; 14:651-60. [PMID: 24852229 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.2014.917964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many different experimental molecular therapeutic approaches have been evaluated in an attempt to treat brain cancer. However, despite the success of these experimental molecular therapies, research has shown that the specific and efficient delivery of therapeutic agents to tumor cells is a limitation. In this regard, cell carrier systems have garnered significant attraction due to their capacity to be loaded with therapeutic agents and carry them specifically to tumor sites. Furthermore, cell carriers can be genetically modified to express therapeutic agents that can directly eradicate cancerous cells or can modulate tumor microenvironments. This review describes the current state of cell carriers, their use as vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic agents to brain tumors, and future directions that will help overcome the present obstacles to cell carrier mediated therapy for brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob S Young
- The Brain Tumor Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Roy DG, Bell JC. Cell carriers for oncolytic viruses: current challenges and future directions. Oncolytic Virother 2013; 2:47-56. [PMID: 27512657 PMCID: PMC4918354 DOI: 10.2147/ov.s36623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The optimal route for clinical delivery of oncolytic viruses is thought to be systemic intravenous injection; however, the immune system is armed with several highly efficient mechanisms to remove pathogens from the circulatory system. To overcome the challenges faced in trying to delivery oncolytic viruses specifically to tumors via the bloodstream, carrier cells have been investigated to determine their suitability as delivery vehicles for systemic administration of oncolytic viruses. Cell carriers protect viruses from neutralization, one of the most limiting aspects of oncolytic virus interaction with the immune system. Cell carriers can also possess inherent tumor tropism, thus directing the delivery of the virus more specifically to a tumor. With preclinical studies already demonstrating the success and feasibility of this approach with multiple oncolytic viruses, clinical evaluation of cell-mediated delivery of viruses is on the horizon. Meanwhile, ongoing preclinical studies are aimed at identifying new cellular vehicles for oncolytic viruses and improving current promising cell carrier platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic G Roy
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Collet G, Grillon C, Nadim M, Kieda C. Trojan horse at cellular level for tumor gene therapies. Gene 2013; 525:208-16. [PMID: 23542073 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Among innovative strategies developed for cancer treatments, gene therapies stand of great interest despite their well-known limitations in targeting, delivery, toxicity or stability. The success of any given gene-therapy is highly dependent on the carrier efficiency. New approaches are often revisiting the mythic trojan horse concept to carry therapeutic nucleic acid, i.e. DNAs, RNAs or small interfering RNAs, to pathologic tumor site. Recent investigations are focusing on engineering carrying modalities to overtake the above limitations bringing new promise to cancer patients. This review describes recent advances and perspectives for gene therapies devoted to tumor treatment, taking advantage of available knowledge in biotechnology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Collet
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, Rue Charles Sadron, 45071, Orléans, cedex 2, France.
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Antitumor efficacy of oncolytic herpes simplex virus adsorbed onto antigen-specific lymphocytes. Cancer Gene Ther 2012; 19:292-8. [PMID: 22281756 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rad AM, Iskander ASM, Janic B, Knight RA, Arbab AS, Soltanian-Zadeh H. AC133+ progenitor cells as gene delivery vehicle and cellular probe in subcutaneous tumor models: a preliminary study. BMC Biotechnol 2009; 9:28. [PMID: 19327159 PMCID: PMC2669076 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-9-28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite enormous progress in gene therapy for breast cancer, an optimal systemic vehicle for delivering gene products to the target tissue is still lacking. The purpose of this study was to determine whether AC133+ progenitor cells (APC) can be used as both gene delivery vehicles and cellular probes for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we used superparamagentic iron oxide (SPIO)-labeled APCs to carry the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS) gene to the sites of implanted breast cancer in mouse model. In vivo real time tracking of these cells was performed by MRI and expression of hNIS was determined by Tc-99m pertechnetate (Tc-99m) scan. Results Three million human breast cancer (MDA-MB-231) cells were subcutaneously implanted in the right flank of nude mice. APCs, isolated from fresh human cord blood, were genetically transformed to carry the hNIS gene using adenoviral vectors and magnetically labeled with ferumoxides-protamine sulfate (FePro) complexes. Magnetically labeled genetically transformed cells were administered intravenously in tumor bearing mice when tumors reached 0.5 cm in the largest dimension. MRI and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) images were acquired 3 and 7 days after cell injection, with a 7 Tesla animal MRI system and a custom built micro-SPECT using Tc-99m, respectively. Expression of hNIS in accumulated cells was determined by staining with anti-hNIS antibody. APCs were efficiently labeled with ferumoxide-protamine sulfate (FePro) complexes and transduced with hNIS gene. Our study showed not only the accumulation of intravenously administered genetically transformed, magnetically labeled APCs in the implanted breast cancer, but also the expression of hNIS gene at the tumor site. Tc-99m activity ratio (tumor/non-tumor) was significantly different between animals that received non-transduced and transduced cells (P < 0.001). Conclusion This study indicates that genetically transformed, magnetically labeled APCs can be used both as delivery vehicles and cellular probes for detecting in vivo migration and homing of cells. Furthermore, they can potentially be used as a gene carrier system for the treatment of tumor or other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M Rad
- Department of Radiology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA.
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Guo ZS, Thorne SH, Bartlett DL. Oncolytic virotherapy: molecular targets in tumor-selective replication and carrier cell-mediated delivery of oncolytic viruses. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2008; 1785:217-31. [PMID: 18328829 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous advances have been made in developing oncolytic viruses (OVs) in the last few years. By taking advantage of current knowledge in cancer biology and virology, specific OVs have been genetically engineered to target specific molecules or signal transduction pathways in cancer cells in order to achieve efficient and selective replication. The viral infection and amplification eventually induce cancer cells into cell death pathways and elicit host antitumor immune responses to further help eliminate cancer cells. Specifically targeted molecules or signaling pathways (such as RB/E2F/p16, p53, IFN, PKR, EGFR, Ras, Wnt, anti-apoptosis or hypoxia) in cancer cells or tumor microenvironment have been studied and dissected with a variety of OVs such as adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, poxvirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus and reovirus, setting the molecular basis for further improvements in the near future. Another exciting new area of research has been the harnessing of naturally tumor-homing cells as carrier cells (or cellular vehicles) to deliver OVs to tumors. The trafficking of these tumor-homing cells (stem cells, immune cells and cancer cells), which support proliferation of the viruses, is mediated by specific chemokines and cell adhesion molecules and we are just beginning to understand the roles of these molecules. Finally, we will highlight some avenues deserving further study in order to achieve the ultimate goals of utilizing various OVs for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Sheng Guo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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