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Li T, Soh KL, Zakaria NF, Pang Y, Wang P, Hu N. Effects of Laughter Yoga on Patients Receiving Hemodialysis: A Systematic Review. Holist Nurs Pract 2024; 38:202-212. [PMID: 38900006 DOI: 10.1097/hnp.0000000000000650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
When it comes to end-stage renal disease patients, hemodialysing is one of the most critical treatments they can receive. Even if they received hemodialysis (HD) treatment regularly, patients would experience many complications such as cardiovascular disease, fatigue, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbances, and a declining quality of life. Laughter Yoga has been reported to have many positive effects on patients with chronic illnesses. By removing or reducing stress, Laughter Yoga (LY) helps to improve patients' quality of life, Thus, they have a longer chance of survival. However, the effect of Laughter Yoga on HD patients is generally inconclusive. Objective is to evaluate LY's impact on HD patients. We searched electronic databases that included Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and clinical trial registries. The search period was from their inception to January 29, 2023. The search keywords included laughter therapy, laughter yoga, laugh, hemodialysis, dialysis, and renal dialysis. The systematic review included both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experiments studies. Three RCTs and three non-RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Laughter Yoga showed patients having improvement in several outcomes such as life quality, pain severity, sleep quality, subjective well-being, mood, depression, blood pressure, and vital capacity. A well-designed RCT will be developed to further test the potential benefits of LY for HD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Li
- Author Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Serdang, Malaysia (Ms Li, Soh, Mr Wang, and Ms Hu); Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia (Zakaria); Department of Nursing, Si Ping Central People's Hospital, Siping, Jilin, China (Ms Li); Department of Nursing, Chang Chun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China (Ms Pang); and Jiangxi Open University, Jiangxi, China (Ms Hu)
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Kim B, Choi S. Nursing Interventions for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families: A Scoping Review. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:312-319. [PMID: 37589960 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and synthesis studies about nursing interventions for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis and their families. METHODS A scoping review was conducted and described as per PRISMA-ScR via four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, evaluating research on nursing interventions for children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and their families. RESULTS Eleven articles were included in the review. Nursing interventions were conducted for children, parents, or both and primarily focused on education, consultation, and management of complications. Outcomes of the interventions showed improvements in atopic dermatitis severity for children and enhanced quality of life for children and their families. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Nursing interventions targeting children and parents have been found to be effective in alleviating the severity of atopic dermatitis in children and improving their quality of life. Despite the increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children, studies on nursing interventions are insufficient and outdated. Future research should focus on providing comprehensive and age-appropriate interventions for children with atopic dermatitis and their families to improve their well-being and overall quality of life.
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Hayashi F, Shirai Y, Ohira T, Shirai K, Kondo N, Kondo K. Subjective Happiness, Frequency of Laughter, and Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study Based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20095713. [PMID: 37174231 PMCID: PMC10178400 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20095713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, positive psychological factors, such as subjective happiness and laughter, have been reported to be associated with cardiovascular disease. In this study, we examined the relationship of hypertension with subjective happiness and frequency of laughter using the data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study (JAGES). Of the 138,294 respondents, 26,368 responded to a version of the self-administered questionnaire that included a question about the frequency of laughter in the JAGES 2013. In total, 22,503 (10,571 men and 11,932 women) were included in the analysis after excluding those with missing responses regarding a history of hypertension, frequency of laughter, and subjective happiness. The prevalence of hypertension in this study was 10,364 (46.1%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age, female sex, obesity, infrequent chewing, former and current drinker, seeing three to five friends, and the absence of hobbies were positively associated with hypertension. However, infrequent laughter/high level of subjective happiness, frequent laughter/high level of subjective happiness, being underweight, and current smoker were negatively associated with hypertension. As per the findings of this study, it was determined that subjective happiness was negatively associated with hypertension. Therefore, this study suggests that having more opportunities to feel happiness may be important in preventing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumikazu Hayashi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Yuka Shirai
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1 Hikariga-oka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Department of Social Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ohbu 474-8511, Japan
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Hirosaki M, Ohira T, Wu Y, Eguchi E, Shirai K, Imano H, Funakubo N, Nishizawa H, Katakami N, Shimomura I, Iso H. Laughter yoga as an enjoyable therapeutic approach for glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1148468. [PMID: 37065750 PMCID: PMC10102335 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laughter has been reported to have various health benefits. However, data on the long-term effects of laughter interventions on diabetes are limited. This study aimed to investigate whether laughter yoga can improve glycemic control among individuals with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In a single-center, randomized controlled trial, 42 participants with type 2 diabetes were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control group. The intervention consisted of a 12-week laughter yoga program. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), body weight, waist circumference, psychological factors, and sleep duration were evaluated at baseline and week 12. RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed that participants in the laughter yoga group experienced significant improvements in HbA1c levels (between-group difference: -0.31%; 95% CI -0.54, -0.09) and positive affect scores (between-group difference: 0.62 points; 95% CI 0.003, 1.23). Sleep duration tended to increase in the laughter yoga group with a between-group difference of 0.4 hours (95% CI -0.05, 0.86; P = 0.080). The mean attendance rate for laughter yoga program was high (92.9%). CONCLUSIONS A 12-week laughter yoga program is feasible for individuals with type 2 diabetes and improves glycemic control. These findings suggest that having fun could be a self-care intervention. Further studies with larger numbers of participants are warranted to better evaluate the effects of laughter yoga. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn, identifier UMIN000047164.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Hirosaki
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
- *Correspondence: Mayumi Hirosaki, ; Tetsuya Ohira,
| | - Yawei Wu
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eri Eguchi
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hironori Imano
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Kindai University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Narumi Funakubo
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoto Katakami
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Iso
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Jang KS, Oh JE, Jeon GS. Effects of Simulated Laughter Therapy Using a Breathing Exercise: A Study on Hospitalized Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10191. [PMID: 36011829 PMCID: PMC9408366 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of simulated laughter therapy on physical symptoms, pulmonary function, depression, and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among pulmonary tuberculosis patients. This quasi-experimental study assigned tuberculosis patients of hospital A to a laughter group (n = 26) and those of hospital B to a control group (n = 26). The eight-week laughter therapy, held twice a week in a 60-min group session, included laughter, entertainment, music-related chorusing, breathing exercises, and meditation. The values of physical symptoms, pulmonary function, depression, and HRQOL from before and after the therapy were analyzed using the paired t-test and the Mann−Whitney U-test. To verify group differences between the experiment and control group, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were employed. Unlike the control group, laughter therapy decreased physical symptoms (t = 7.30, p < 0.01) and increased pulmonary function (t = −3.77, p < 0.01). Psychological health also improved, including depression (t = 10.46, p < 0.01) and HRQOL (t = −9.31, p < 0.01) in the experimental group but not in the control group. Group differences of changes in physical symptoms, pulmonary function, depression, and HRQOL were also significant. Simulated laughter therapy can help moderate depression and physical symptoms and enhance pulmonary function among tuberculosis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Sim Jang
- Jeon-Nam-Seobu Workers Health Center, Youngam-gun 58454, Korea
| | | | - Gyeong-Suk Jeon
- Department of Nursing, Division of Natural Science, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58534, Korea
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Abstract
Stress is one of the foremost contributors to the development of psychiatric diseases. Since the prevalence of stress-related complaints is increasing, we are in need for affordable and effective treatment alternatives. Laughter yoga (LY), a popular method encouraging participants to simulate laughter and participate in yogic breathing exercises, is hypothesized to buffer negative effects of stress. Although widely practiced, empirical evidence for beneficial effects of LY is scarce. We investigated the acute effects of a single 30-min LY session on the autonomic, endocrine and psychological response to a standardized psychosocial stressor. Thirty-five healthy subjects (51% female) were randomly assigned to experience either a LY (n = 11), a relaxation breathing (n = 12) or a (non-intervention) control (n = 12) session prior to their exposure to the Trier Social Stress Test for Groups (TSST-G). Salivary cortisol, salivary alpha amylase, and subjective stress were assessed repeatedly throughout the experiment. We expected that LY and relaxation breathing group each show a downregulation of stress response indices compared to the control group. Further, we expected that LY has beneficial effects compared to relaxation breathing. The groups did not differ in salivary cortisol, alpha amylase or subjective stress reactivity during the 30-min intervention. However, in response to the TSST-G, the LY, but neither the relaxation breathing, nor the control condition, showed an attenuated cortisol stress response. These findings highlight the potential of LY to buffer the endocrine stress response. Therefore, LY could be used as a cheap and easily-to-implement add-on to more traditional stress interventions. LAY SUMMARY In recent years, more and more people have reported to feel stressed. Although our body is well equipped to deal with acute stress, chronic stress can tire our system and contribute to illness in the long run. Therefore, we need affordable and effective measures to reduce stress. In this study we have investigated whether a single laughter yoga session can help us to deal with acute stress. Although laughter yoga did not change how stressful a situation was perceived, it reduced the amount of stress hormones that were released in response to the situation. As such, laughter yoga might be a cheap and easily-to-implement add-on to more traditional stress reduction interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meier
- Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
| | - Lisa Wirz
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Philip Dickinson
- Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Canada
| | - Jens C Pruessner
- Department of Psychology, University of Constance, Constance, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Douglas Mental Health Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Kuru Alici N, Arikan Dönmez A. A systematic review of the effect of laughter yoga on physical function and psychosocial outcomes in older adults. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2020; 41:101252. [PMID: 33217706 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2020.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laughter yoga is one of the increasingly used methods among complementary health approaches in the world. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of laughter yoga on physical function and psychosocial outcomes in older adults. METHODS In this systematic review, electronic searches were performed in CINAHL, Web of Science, COCHRANE, Scopus, ProQuest databases from May 2010 to May 2020. The screening process was conducted by two authors independently and finally agreed together. The review was reported according to PRISMA guideline. RESULTS A total of 3210 studies were examined, and seven publications (six quasi experimental and one randomized control trial), in accordance with the inclusion criteria were included in the study and evaluated. The results indicated that significant differences were found in the effectiveness of laughter yoga on physical function (blood pressure, cortisol level, sleep quality) and psychosocial health (life satisfaction, quality of life, loneliness, death anxiety, depression, mood, happiness) in older adults. CONCLUSION Laughter yoga is a cost-effective and no adverse effect in older adults. It can be used for health promotion for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilgün Kuru Alici
- Public Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ayse Arikan Dönmez
- Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Gonot-Schoupinsky FN, Garip G, Sheffield D. Laughter and humour for personal development: A systematic scoping review of the evidence. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Gonot-Schoupinsky F, Garip G. Laughter and humour interventions for well-being in older adults: A systematic review and intervention classification. Complement Ther Med 2018; 38:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Mills J, Wand T, Fraser JA. Exploring the meaning and practice of self-care among palliative care nurses and doctors: a qualitative study. BMC Palliat Care 2018; 17:63. [PMID: 29669559 PMCID: PMC5907186 DOI: 10.1186/s12904-018-0318-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-care practice within the palliative care workforce is often discussed, yet seemingly under-researched. While palliative care professionals are required to implement and maintain effective self-care strategies, there appears little evidence to guide them. Moreover, there is an apparent need to clarify the meaning of self-care in palliative care practice. This paper reports qualitative findings within the context of a broader mixed-methods study. The aim of the present study was to explore the meaning and practice of self-care as described by palliative care nurses and doctors. METHODS A purposive sample of 24 palliative care nurses and doctors across Australia participated in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed prior to inductive qualitative content analysis, supported by QSR NVivo data management software. RESULTS Three overarching themes emerged from the analysis: (1) A proactive and holistic approach to promoting personal health and wellbeing to support professional care of others; (2) Personalised self-care strategies within professional and non-professional contexts; and (3) Barriers and enablers to self-care practice. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study provide a detailed account of the context and complexity of effective self-care practice previously lacking in the literature. Self-care is a proactive, holistic, and personalised approach to the promotion of health and wellbeing through a variety of strategies, in both personal and professional settings, to enhance capacity for compassionate care of patients and their families. This research adds an important qualitative perspective and serves to advance knowledge of both the context and effective practice of self-care in the palliative care workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Mills
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD Australia
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
- School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD 4061 Australia
| | - Timothy Wand
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Fraser
- Susan Wakil School of Nursing and Midwifery, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW Australia
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Xia Y, Yang L, Mao X, Zheng D, Liu C. Quantification of vascular function changes under different emotion states: A pilot study. Technol Health Care 2018; 25:447-456. [PMID: 27911349 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that physiological parameters change with different emotion states. This study aimed to quantify the changes of vascular function at different emotion and sub-emotion states. Twenty young subjects were studied with their finger photoplethysmographic (PPG) pulses recorded at three distinct emotion states: natural (1 minute), happiness and sadness (10 minutes for each). Within the period of happiness and sadness emotion states, two sub-emotion states (calmness and outburst) were identified with the synchronously recorded videos. Reflection index (RI) and stiffness index (SI), two widely used indices of vascular function, were derived from the PPG pulses to quantify their differences between three emotion states, as well as between two sub-emotion states. The results showed that, when compared with the natural emotion, RI and SI decreased in both happiness and sadness emotions. The decreases in RI were significant for both happiness and sadness emotions (both P< 0.01), but the decreases in SI was only significant for sadness emotion (P< 0.01). Moreover, for comparing happiness and sadness emotions, there was significant difference in RI (P< 0.01), but not in SI (P= 0.9). In addition, significant larger RI values were observed with the outburst sub-emotion in comparison with the calmness one for both happiness and sadness emotions (both P< 0.01) whereas significant larger SI values were observed with the outburst sub-emotion only in sadness emotion (P< 0.05). Moreover, gender factor hardly influence the RI and SI results for all three emotion measurements. This pilot study confirmed that vascular function changes with diffenrt emotion states could be quantified by the simple PPG measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Xia
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Licai Yang
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Xueqin Mao
- Department of Psychology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Dingchang Zheng
- Health & Well Being Academy, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford CM1 1SQ, UK
| | - Chengyu Liu
- School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong, China
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Noureldein MH, Eid AA. Homeostatic effect of laughter on diabetic cardiovascular complications: The myth turned to fact. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 135:111-119. [PMID: 29162513 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Laughter has been used for centuries to alleviate pain in morbid conditions. It was not until 1976 that scientists thought about laughter as a form of therapy that can modulate hormonal and immunological parameters that affect the outcome of many serious diseases. Moreover, laughter therapy was shown to be beneficial in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by delaying the onset of many diabetic complications. Laughter is also described to influence the cardiovascular and endothelial functions and thus may protect against diabetic cardiovascular complications. In this review, we outline the different biochemical, physiological and immunological mechanisms by which laughter may influence the overall state of wellbeing and enhance disease prognosis. We also focus on the biological link between laughter therapy and diabetic cardiovascular complications as well as the underlying mechanisms involved in T2DM. METHODS Reviewing all the essential databases for "laughter" and "type 2 diabetes mellitus". RESULTS Although laughter therapy is still poorly investigated, recent studies show that laughter may retard the onset of diabetic complications, enhance cardiovascular functions and rectify homeostatic abnormalities associated with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS Laughter therapy is effective in delaying diabetic complications and should be used as an adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Assaad A Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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The effects of a simulated laughter programme on mood, cortisol levels, and health-related quality of life among haemodialysis patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2016; 25:1-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Rabow S, Olofsson P. Pulse wave analysis by digital photoplethysmography to record maternal hemodynamic effects of spinal anesthesia, delivery of the baby, and intravenous oxytocin during cesarean section. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016; 30:759-766. [PMID: 27145830 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1186162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in maternal ECG ST index, blood pressure (BP), cardiac left ventricular (LV) ejection function and vascular tone/stiffness in large and small arteries occurring during elective cesarean section (CS) in spinal anesthesia. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-six women were monitored with photoplethysmographic digital pulse wave (PW) analysis (DPA) before and after spinal anesthesia, after delivery of the baby, after 5 IU oxytocin bolus IV, and 5 min later. Statistics with Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank and Friedman tests at a p < 0.05 were performed. RESULTS Spinal anesthesia resulted in significantly decreased BP, increased ST index and LV ejection time, and small-artery vasodilation. Delivery of the baby resulted in global vasoconstriction and increases in systolic BP and heart rate (HR). Oxytocin lowered BP, HR and ST index, increased LV ejection power and caused both large- and small-artery vasodilation. ST index and BP recovered after 5 min, but low HR and low vascular tone persisted. CONCLUSIONS Spinal anesthesia and oxytocin caused arterial vasodilation and cardiac affection. Oxytocin caused a decrease in HR despite a fall in BP, indicating a direct negative chronotropic effect. Delivery of the baby caused momentous cardiovascular changes, possibly due to maternal emotions and auto-transfusion of blood from the uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofus Rabow
- a Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care , Skåne University Hospital, Institution of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University , Lund , Sweden and
| | - Per Olofsson
- b Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Skåne University Hospital, Institution of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University , Malmö , Sweden
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Cosentino S, Sessa S, Takanishi A. Quantitative Laughter Detection, Measurement, and Classification-A Critical Survey. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 2016; 9:148-62. [PMID: 26887012 DOI: 10.1109/rbme.2016.2527638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The study of human nonverbal social behaviors has taken a more quantitative and computational approach in recent years due to the development of smart interfaces and virtual agents or robots able to interact socially. One of the most interesting nonverbal social behaviors, producing a characteristic vocal signal, is laughing. Laughter is produced in several different situations: in response to external physical, cognitive, or emotional stimuli; to negotiate social interactions; and also, pathologically, as a consequence of neural damage. For this reason, laughter has attracted researchers from many disciplines. A consequence of this multidisciplinarity is the absence of a holistic vision of this complex behavior: the methods of analysis and classification of laughter, as well as the terminology used, are heterogeneous; the findings sometimes contradictory and poorly documented. This survey aims at collecting and presenting objective measurement methods and results from a variety of different studies in different fields, to contribute to build a unified model and taxonomy of laughter. This could be successfully used for advances in several fields, from artificial intelligence and human-robot interaction to medicine and psychiatry.
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Bast ES, Berry EM. Laugh Away the Fat? Therapeutic Humor in the Control of Stress-induced Emotional Eating. Rambam Maimonides Med J 2014; 5:e0007. [PMID: 24498514 PMCID: PMC3904482 DOI: 10.5041/rmmj.10141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential overlap between the fields of nutrition and therapeutic humor, together with the role of humor as a possible tool for aiding those in whom emotions, particularly negative ones, trigger eating as a means to improve mood. We review emotional eating, obesity, and the hypothesized mechanisms of emotional eating. We then review the field of therapeutic humor and its ability to de-stress individuals, possibly through endorphin and opioid systems, both of which are also involved in eating behavior. Finally, we present a novel hypothesis that people may be trained to use humor as a "food substitute" at best, or to blunt hunger stimuli, to achieve similar advantages, without the side effect of weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S. Bast
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States and
| | - Elliot M. Berry
- Department of Human Nutrition & Metabolism, Braun School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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Abstract
Social, psychological, and physiological studies have provided evidence indicating that laughter imposes an increased demand on trunk muscles. It was the aim of this study to quantify the activation of trunk muscles during laughter yoga in comparison with crunch and back lifting exercises regarding the mean trunk muscle activity. Muscular activity during laughter yoga exercises was measured by surface electromyography of 5 trunk muscles. The activation level of internal oblique muscle during laughter yoga is higher compared to the traditional exercises. The multifidus, erector spinae, and rectus abdominis muscles were nearly half activated during laughter yoga, while the activation of the external oblique muscle was comparable with the crunch and back lifting exercises. Our results indicate that laughter yoga has a positive effect on trunk muscle activation. Thus, laughter seems to be a good activator of trunk muscles, but further research is required whether laughter yoga is a good exercise to improve neuromuscular recruitment patterns for spine stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Wagner
- a Motion Science , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität , Münster , Germany
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18
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Chang C, Tsai G, Hsieh CJ. Psychological, immunological and physiological effects of a Laughing Qigong Program (LQP) on adolescents. Complement Ther Med 2013; 21:660-8. [PMID: 24280475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2013.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES One objective of this study was to assess the effects of laughter on the psychological, immunological and physiological systems of the body. Another objective was to introduce the Laughing Qigong Program (LQP), as a method of standardization for simulated laughter interventions. DESIGN A randomized, prospective, experimental study of the LQP was conducted in a group of adolescents (n=67) in Taiwan. During study-hall sessions, experimental subjects (n=34) attended the LQP for eight-weeks. Simultaneously, control subjects (n=33) read or did their homework. All subjects were tested before and after the intervention on the following: Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE), Chinese Humor Scale (CHS) and Face Scale (FS) as psychological markers; saliva cortisol (CS) as an immunological marker; blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), and heart rate variability (HRV) as physiological markers of the body's response to stress. Mood states (FS) were measured before/after each LQP session. RESULTS Mood states (p=.00) and humor (p=.004; p=.003) improved in the experimental group; no significant changes were found in the controls (p=69; p=60). The immunological marker of stress, cortisol levels, decreased significantly for those who participated in the LQP (p=.001), suggesting lower levels of stress after completion of the program. CONCLUSIONS The LQP is a non-pharmacological and cost-effective means to help adolescents mitigate stresses in their everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chueh Chang
- National Taiwan University, Institute of Health Policy and Management, Taiwan.
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Toda N, Nakanishi-Toda M. How mental stress affects endothelial function. Pflugers Arch 2011; 462:779-94. [PMID: 21947555 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-011-1022-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mental stress is an important factor contributing to recognized mechanisms underlying cardiovascular events. Among these, stress-related endothelial dysfunction is an early risk factor that predicts future development of severe cardiovascular disorders. Acute mental stress by a variety of tests impairs endothelial function in humans, although the opposite results have been reported by some investigators. Chronic stress always deteriorates endothelial function in humans and experimental animals. Stress hormones, such as glucocorticoids and pro-inflammatory cytokines, and endothelin-1 liberated in response to mental stress participate in endothelial dysfunction possibly via downregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, eNOS inactivation, decreased nitric oxide (NO) actions, and increased NO degradation, together with vasoconstriction counteracting against NO-induced vasodilatation. Catecholamines do not directly affect endothelial function but impair its function when blood pressure elevation by the amines is sustained. Endogenous opioids favorably affect endothelial function, which counteract deteriorating effects of other stress hormones and mediators. Inhibition of cortisol and endothelin-1 production, prevention of pro-inflammatory mediator accumulation, hypnotics, mirthful laughter, humor orientation, and lifestyle modification would contribute to the prevention and treatment for stress-related endothelial dysfunction and future serious cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noboru Toda
- Toyama Institute for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Research, 7-13, 1-Chome, Azuchi-machi, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-0052, Japan.
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Abstract
This review discusses evidence-based perspectives on risk and resilience in coping with chronic life stress. Future directions for inquiry and practice also are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Terre
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri–Kansas City
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21
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2011; 24:78-87. [PMID: 21116133 DOI: 10.1097/yco.0b013e3283423055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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22
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Sugawara J, Tarumi T, Tanaka H. Effect of mirthful laughter on vascular function. Am J Cardiol 2010; 106:856-9. [PMID: 20816128 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Revised: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the well-established scientific evidence linking negative emotional states (e.g., depression, anxiety, or anger) to increased risk for cardiovascular disease, much less is known about the association between positive emotional states (e.g., laughter, happiness) and cardiovascular health. We determined the effects of mirthful laughter, elicited by watching comic movies, on endothelial function and central artery compliance. Seventeen apparently healthy adults (23 to 42 years of age) watched 30 minutes of a comedy or a documentary (control) on separate days (crossover design). Heart rate and blood pressure increased significantly while watching the comedy, whereas no such changes were seen while watching the documentary. Ischemia-induced brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation (by B-mode ultrasound imaging) increased significantly after watching the comedy (17%) and decreased with watching the documentary (-15%). Carotid arterial compliance (by simultaneous application of ultrasound imaging and applanation tonometry) increased (10%) significantly immediately after watching the comedy and returned to baseline 24 hours after the watching, whereas it did not change significantly throughout the documentary condition. Comedy-induced changes in arterial compliance were significantly associated with baseline flow-mediated dilation (r = 0.63). These results suggest that mirthful laughter elicited by comic movies induces beneficial impact on vascular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sugawara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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