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Chen T, Xiong Y, Deng C, Hu C, Li M, Quan R, Yu X. NDRG2 alleviates photoreceptor apoptosis by regulating the STAT3/TIMP3/MMP pathway in mice with retinal degenerative disease. FEBS J 2024; 291:986-1007. [PMID: 38037211 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Photoreceptor apoptosis is the main pathological feature of retinal degenerative diseases; however, the underlying molecular mechanism has not been elucidated. Recent studies have shown that N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 (NDRG2) exerts a neuroprotective effect on the brain and spinal cord. In addition, our previous studies have confirmed that NDRG2 is expressed in mouse retinal photoreceptors and counteracts N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we observed that the expression of NDRG2 was not only significantly inhibited in photoreceptors after MNU treatment but also after hydrogen peroxide treatment, and photoreceptor apoptosis was alleviated or aggravated after overexpression or knockdown of NDRG2 in the 661W photoreceptor cell line, respectively. The apoptosis inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK rescued photoreceptor apoptosis induced by MNU after NDRG2 knockdown. Next, we screened and identified tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3) as the downstream molecule of NDRG2 in 661W cells by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. TIMP3 exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Subsequently, we found that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) mediated the NDRG2-associated regulation of TIMP3. Finally, we overexpressed NDRG2 in mouse retinal tissues by intravitreally injecting an adeno-associated virus with mouse NDRG2 in vivo. Results showed that NDRG2 upregulated the expression of phospho-STAT3 (p-STAT3) and TIMP3, while suppressing MNU-induced photoreceptor apoptosis and MMP expression. Our findings revealed how NDRG2 regulates the STAT3/TIMP3/MMP pathway and uncovered the molecular mechanism underlying its neuroprotective effect on mouse retinal photoreceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Yecheng Xiong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chunlei Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Chengbiao Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Mengxing Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Rui Quan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
| | - Xiaorui Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Ministry of Education, China
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Ryu JH, Kim Y, Kim MJ, Park J, Kim JW, Park HS, Kim YS, Shin HK, Shin YI. Membrane-Free Stem Cell Extract Enhances Blood–Brain Barrier Integrity by Suppressing NF-κB-Mediated Activation of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mice with Ischemic Stroke. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12040503. [PMID: 35454994 PMCID: PMC9032759 DOI: 10.3390/life12040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane-free stem cell extract (MFSCE) of human adipose tissues possesses various biological activities. However, the effects of MFSCE on blood–brain barrier dysfunction and brain damage are unknown. In this study, we determined the role of MFSCE in an ischemic stroke mouse model. Mice were treated with MFSCE once daily for 4 days and 1 h before ischemic damage. Experimental ischemia was induced by photothrombosis. Pretreatment with MFSCE reduced infarct volume and edema and improved neurological, as well as motor functions. Evans blue leakage and water content in the brain tissue were reduced by MFSCE pretreatment relative to those in the vehicle group. MFSCE increased the expression of the tight junction proteins zonula occludens 1 and claudin-5, as well as vascular endothelial-cadherin, but decreased that of matrix metalloproteinase 9. Notably, MFSCE treatment decreased cell death and the level of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome, consistent with the downregulated expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in the ischemic brain. These effects might have occurred via the suppression of the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 and activation of nuclear factor-κB. The results highlighted the potential of MFSCE treatment as a novel and preventive strategy for patients at a high risk of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (J.H.R.); (Y.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Yeonye Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (J.H.R.); (Y.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Min Jae Kim
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.J.K.); (H.K.S.)
| | - Jisu Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (J.H.R.); (Y.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (J.H.R.); (Y.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
| | - Hye Sook Park
- T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Gyeongnam, Korea; (H.S.P.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Young Sil Kim
- T-Stem Co., Ltd., Changwon 51573, Gyeongnam, Korea; (H.S.P.); (Y.S.K.)
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (M.J.K.); (H.K.S.)
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea; (J.H.R.); (Y.K.); (J.P.); (J.W.K.)
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Gyeongnam, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Huang Y, Wang X, Guan S, Lin H, Mei Z, Huang Z. Syringin protects against cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury via suppression of inflammatory mediators and toll-like receptor/MyD88 signaling pathway in rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_98_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Suggesting 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as a promising nutraceutical against CNS disorders. Neurochem Int 2021; 148:105068. [PMID: 34022252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF), a naturally-occurring plant-based flavone, is a high-affinity tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) agonist and a bioactive molecule of therapeutic interest for neuronal survival, differentiation, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. In the family of neurotrophic factors, this small BDNF-mimetic molecule has attracted considerable attention due to its oral bioavailability and ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Recent evidences have shed light on the neuroprotective role of this pleiotropic flavone against several neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, Huntington's disease, and other CNS disorders. DHF also elicits potent protective actions against toxins-induced insults to brain and neuronal cells. DHF shows promising anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in ameliorating the neurodegenerative processes affecting the CNS. This review provides an overview of the significant neuroprotective potentials of DHF and discusses how it exerts its multitudinous beneficial effects by modulating different pathways linked with the pathophysiology of CNS disorders, and thus proposes it to be a nutraceutical against a broad spectrum of neurological disorders.
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Lycopene - A pleiotropic neuroprotective nutraceutical: Deciphering its therapeutic potentials in broad spectrum neurological disorders. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Chetia P, Mazumder MK, Mahanta S, De B, Dutta Choudhury M. A novel phytochemical from Dipteris wallichii inhibits human β-secretase 1: Implications for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses 2020; 143:109839. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Novel molecular discovery of promising amidine-based thiazole analogues as potent dual Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and 9 inhibitors: Anticancer activity data with prominent cell cycle arrest and DNA fragmentation analysis effects. Bioorg Chem 2020; 101:103992. [PMID: 32554279 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Thiazole derivatives are known to possess various biological activities such as antiparasitic, antifungal, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important protease target involved in tumor progression including angiogenesis, tissue invasion, and migration. Therefore, MMPs have also been reported as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in many types of cancer. Herein, new aryl thiazoles were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer effects on a panel of cancer cell lines including the invasive MDA-MB-231 line. Some of these compounds showed IC50 values in the submicromolar range in anti-proliferative assays. In order to examine the relationship between their anticancer activity and MMPs targets, the compounds were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and 9. That data obtained revealed that most of these compounds were potent dual MMP-2/9 inhibitors at nanomolar concentrations. Among these, 2-(1-(2-(2-((E)-4-iodobenzylidene)hydrazineyl)-4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethylidene)hydrazine-1-carboximidamide (4a) was the most potent non-selective dual MMP-2/9 inhibitor with inhibitory concentrations of 56 and 38 nM respectively. When compound 4a was tested in an MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, MCF-7 model, it effectively inhibited tumor growth, strongly induced cancer cell apoptosis, inhibit cell migration, and suppressed cell cycle progression leading to DNA fragmentation. Taken together, the results of our studies indicate that the newly discovered thiazole-based MMP-2/9 inhibitors have significant potential for anticancer treatment.
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Longshengzhi Capsules Improve Ischemic Stroke Outcomes and Reperfusion Injury via the Promotion of Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects in MCAO/R Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9654175. [PMID: 32215051 PMCID: PMC7085377 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9654175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is the leading cause of death in the elderly. Traditional Chinese medicine provides an exciting strategy for treating stroke. Previous reports indicated that Longshengzhi capsules (LSZ), a modified Chinese formula, reduced formed thrombi and oxidative stress and were promising in the clinical treatment of ischemic stroke. However, the specific therapeutic effect and mechanism of LSZ are still ambiguous. This study aimed to define the effects of LSZ on proinflammatory mediators and neuroprotective effects on middle cerebral artery occlusion and refusion (MCAO/R) rats. Rats were treated with different doses of LSZ (0.54, 1.62, and 4.32 g/(kg·d)) in a week after model building. LSZ could improve the survival rate, ischemic stroke outcome, and infarct volume. In addition, significant decrease was observed in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and inflammatory factor levels in LSZ-treated groups, concomitant with increase in activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), neurosynaptic remodeling, and decrease in brain edema. It is proposed that LSZ has anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects resulting in downregulating matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP-2/9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and upregulating microtubule-associated protein-2 (Map-2) and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) via p38 MAPK and HIF-1α signaling pathways in MCAO/R rats. This study provides potential evidences that p38 MAPK and HIF-1α/VEGF signaling pathways play significant roles in the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of LSZ.
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Mazumder MK, Borah A, Choudhury S. Inhibitory potential of plant secondary metabolites on anti-Parkinsonian drug targets: Relevance to pathophysiology, and motor and non-motor behavioural abnormalities. Med Hypotheses 2020; 137:109544. [PMID: 31954292 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.109544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative motor disorder, is caused due to the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta region of mid-brain and the resultant depletion of the levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine. Although the pathophysiology of the disease is least understood, studies in animal models revealed oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammation to be the major contributors. Dopamine replenishment therapy by oral administration of L-DOPA, the precursor of dopamine remains to be the therapeutic gold-standard for symptomatic treatment of PD. In addition, use of inhibitors of dopamine metabolizing enzymes (viz. monoamine oxidase-B: MAO-B; and catechol-O-methyltransferase: COMT) are the other strategies for amelioration of the motor abnormalities. Further, PD is associated with non-motor behavioural abnormalities as well, including cognitive impairment and mood disorders, which are caused due to cholinergic neurodegeneration, and thus inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is suggested. However, the currently used drugs against the three crucial enzymes (MAO-B, COMT and AChE) elicit several side effects, and thus the search for novel compounds continues, and plant-based compounds have promising potential in this regard. In the present study, we have used computational modeling to determine the efficiency of 40 plant-based natural products in inhibiting the three anti-Parkinsonian drug targets. Further, statistical analysis was performed to identify the properties of the compounds which are crucial for inhibition of the enzymes. While all the phytochemicals showed potential in inhibiting the enzymes, Rutin, Demethoxycurcumin and Acteoside were found to be most effective inhibitors of MAO-B, COMT and AChE respectively. Since most of the compounds are established anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory molecules, they are surmised to confer neuroprotection in PD, and prevent progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Khairujjaman Mazumder
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India; Department of Zoology, Dhemaji College, Dhemaji 787057, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science & Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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Saikia R, Choudhury S, Borah A, Mazumder MK. Ameliorative effects of Garcinia pedunculata fruit extract on adenine-induced chronic kidney disease in mice, and the role of Garcinol: relevance to hyperuricemia and urolithiasis. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-019-00402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Agozzino M, Russo T, Franceschini C, Mazzilli S, Garofalo V, Campione E, Bianchi L, Milani M, Argenziano G. Effects of topical piroxicam and sun filters in actinic keratosis evolution and field cancerization: a two-center, assessor-blinded, clinical, confocal microscopy and dermoscopy evaluation trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:1785-1792. [PMID: 31148490 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2019.1626227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background: Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered an "in situ" non-melanoma skin cancer induced by ultraviolet chronic exposure. Sunscreen and topical anti-inflammatory agents like diclofenac could improve the evolution of this kind of lesions. A topical product containing piroxicam 0.8% and sun filters (50 SPF) (ACTX) has been shown to be very effective in reducing AK lesions. So far, no data are available regarding the effects of this product on skin modifications evaluated by reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) and dermoscopy at the lesion sites and on the skin around the lesions (field cancerization). Study aim: To evaluate in a two-center, assessor-blinded, prospective trial the effect of ACTX on AK number, RCM and dermoscopy parameter evolution of a target lesion in subjects with multiple AK lesions. Subjects and methods: A total of 54 subjects (42 men and 12 women; mean age 65 years) with AK lesions grade I-III located on the scalp (n = 36) or face (n = 18) were enrolled after their written informed consent. ACTX was applied twice daily on the face and scalp for six consecutive months. AK lesion count was performed at baseline and after 3 and 6 months. Lesion count was assessed in a blind fashion evaluating digital color high definition images performed at each visit and coded in a blinded fashion. RCM evaluations were performed at the same time-points. A dermoscopy evaluation was performed at baseline and after 6 months. RCM and dermoscopy were assessed on a pre-specified target lesion. The RCM severity score was used evaluating 11 items, examining stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinous and dermal layers (maximum score 11 points). The dermoscopy score evaluated erythema, scaling and follicular plugs (from 0 to 4 for each item) and pigmentation (from 0 to 5). Results: Forty-nine subjects (90%) concluded the trial. At baseline, the mean (SD) number of AK lesions was 9.6 (5.2). AK lesions significantly decreased to 5.9 and to 5.6 after 3 and 6 months of ACTX treatment (p = .001; intention to treat analysis), representing a -42% reduction. A reduction of AK lesion numbers >50% in comparison with baseline was observed in 51% of subjects at month 6. New AK lesions appeared in five subjects (9%). The RCM mean (SD) severity score at baseline was 6.4 (2.0). ACTX treatment was associated with a progressive and significant (p = .002) reduction to 4.9 after 3 months and to 4.8 (2.3) at month 6 (a -25% reduction). The dermoscopy score at baseline was 5.5 (2) and it was reduced significantly (p = .007) to 4.5 (2) at the end of the study. The product was in general very well tolerated. Conclusion: A 6 month application of ACTX in subjects with AK lesions was associated with an improvement in AK lesion count and with a reduction in the RCM/dermoscopy severity scores of the target lesion. Trial registration number: ISRCTN22070974.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Agozzino
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | - Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli , Naples , Italy
| | | | - Sara Mazzilli
- Dermatology Clinic Tor Vergata University Rome , Rome , Italy
| | | | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Clinic Tor Vergata University Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Clinic Tor Vergata University Rome , Rome , Italy
| | - Massimo Milani
- Cantabria Labs, Difa Cooper Caronno P , Caronno Pertusella , Italy
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Yang P, Tian YM, Deng WX, Cai X, Liu WH, Li L, Huang HY. Sijunzi decoction may decrease apoptosis via stabilization of the extracellular matrix following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion in rats. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2805-2812. [PMID: 31572528 PMCID: PMC6755478 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurons undergo degeneration, apoptosis and death due to ischaemic stroke. The present study investigated the effect of Sijunzi decoction (SJZD), a type of traditional Chinese medicine known as invigorating spleen therapy, on anoikis (a type of apoptosis) in rat brains following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion. Rats were randomly divided into sham, model, nimodipine and SJZD low/medium/high dose groups. A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established. Neurobehavioural scores were evaluated after administration for 14 days using a five-grade scale. Blood-brain barrier permeability and apoptotic rate were detected using Evans blue (EB) extravasation and TUNEL staining, respectively. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and collagen IV (COL IV) were determined using immunohistochemistry. Neurobehavioural scores decreased remarkably in all SJZD and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, EB extravasation was higher in the model group (P<0.01). The amount of EB extravasation decreased in the SJZD high dose and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.01), and extravasation in the SJZD high dose group was lower than the SJZD low and medium dose groups (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and MMP-9 expression and apoptotic rate increased, but COL IV decreased significantly in the hippocampus of the model group compared to the sham group (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and COL IV expression increased significantly and MMP-9 and apoptotic rate decreased remarkably in all SJZD and nimodipine groups compared to the model group (P<0.01). TIMP-1 and COL IV expression decreased, but MMP-9 expression and apoptotic rate increased in the SJZD low and medium dose groups compared to the SJZD high dose group (P<0.01). SJZD rescued neurons and improved neurobehavioural function in rats following cerebral ischaemia-reperfusion, especially when used at a high dose. The mechanism may be related to protection of the extracellular matrix followed by anti-apoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Brains Hospital of Hunan Province, Clinical Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Ye-Mei Tian
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Xiang Deng
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Cai
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Wang-Hua Liu
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China.,Key Discipline of Anatomy and Histoembryology, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Yong Huang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of TCM Diagnostics, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan 410208, P.R. China
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Mazumder MK, Choudhury S, Borah A. An in silico investigation on the inhibitory potential of the constituents of Pomegranate juice on antioxidant defense mechanism: Relevance to neurodegenerative diseases. IBRO Rep 2019; 6:153-159. [PMID: 31193374 PMCID: PMC6527820 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevation in the levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), and downregulation of cellular antixoidants, have ubiquitously been reported from studies in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Thus, plant-derived compounds are widely being investigated for their beneficial effects in these models. However, while studies have reported antioxidant potentials of several phytochemicals, a large number of studies have demonstrated different phytochemicals to be rather pro-oxidant and exaggerate oxidative stress (OS). One such study aimed to investigate possible ameliorative effect of Pomegranate juice (PJ) in rat model of toxin-induced parkinsonism revealed that PJ exacerbates OS, inflammation and promotes neurodegeneration. Thus, it remains to be investigated whether different constituents and metabolites of PJ are pro-oxidant or anti-oxidant. Using computational modeling, we investigated possible inhibitory potential of different constituents of PJ and their metabolites viz. delphinidin-3-glucoside, dimethylellagic acid-glucuronide, ellagic acid, ellagitannin, gallic acid, gallotannin 23, pelargonidin, punicalagin, urolithin A, urolithin A-glucuronide and urolithin B, on anti-oxidant defense system of the brain. The results indicate that the constituents of PJ have the potential to inhibit five key enzymes of the neuronal antioxidant defense system, viz. catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 4, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase. Thus, it is surmised that the constituents of PJ may contribute to OS and neurodegeneration by way of affecting antioxidant defense mechanism. This may particularly be more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases, since neurons are known to be more vulnerable to OS. Thus, the present findings caution the use of PJ in patients prone to OS, especially those suffering from neurodegenerative diseases, and warrant further experimental studies to unveil the effects of individual components and metabolites of PJ on antioxidant defense system of brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Khairujjaman Mazumder
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.,Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
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Fisher CL, Demel SL. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: A Potential Pharmacological Treatment for Intracranial Aneurysm. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 2019; 9:31-45. [PMID: 31039577 PMCID: PMC7036563 DOI: 10.1159/000499077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Saccular intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are outpouchings of the vessel wall of intracranial arteries. Rupture of IAs results in subarachnoid hemorrhage which is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Surgical interventions, such as clipping and coiling, have associated risks. Currently, there are no proven pharmacological treatments to prevent the growth or rupture of IAs. Infiltration of proinflammatory cytokines in response to increased wall sheer stress is a hallmark of IA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being investigated as potential therapeutic agents for reduction in growth and/or prevention of IA through inhibition of inflammatory pathways. Summary This review will discuss the role of NSAIDs in attenuating the inflammation that drives IA progression and rupture. There are two main subtypes of NSAIDs, nonselective COX and selective COX-2 inhibitors, both of which have merit in treating IA. Evidence will be presented which shows that NSAIDs inhibit several key inflammatory mediators involved in IA progression including nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, and matrix metalloproteinases. In addition, the role of NSAIDs in limiting inflammatory cell adhesion to endothelial cells and attenuating endothelial cell senescence will be discussed. Key Messages There is an abundance of basic science and preclinical data that support NSAIDs as a promising treatment for IA. Additionally, a combination treatment strategy of low-dose aspirin given concomitantly with a selective COX-2 inhibitor may result in a reduced side effect profile compared to aspirin or selective COX-2 inhibitor use alone. Several large clinical trials are currently planned to further investigate the efficacy of NSAIDs as an effective nonsurgical treatment for IAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney L Fisher
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA,
| | - Stacie L Demel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Mazumder MK, Choudhury S. Tea polyphenols as multi-target therapeutics for Alzheimer's disease: An in silico study. Med Hypotheses 2019; 125:94-99. [PMID: 30902161 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2019.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive decline, dementia, and in later stages complete loss of feelings, sensation and death. The global prevalence of the disease is on the rise, and it affects 35-40% of the population above 80 years. The pathological hallmarks of the disease include extra-neuronal deposition of amyloid-β (Aβ) as plaques and intra-neuronal hyperphosphorylated tau protein as neurofibrillary tangles, which cause neurodegeneration and cerebral atrophy. Aβ deposition is catalyzed by β-secretase and γ-secretase, while tau hyperphosphorylation is catalyzed by glycogen synthase kinase - 3β (GSK-3β). With neurodegeneration, the level of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh), as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), decreases in the synaptic cleft, called cholinergic deficiency. This leads to the cardinal behavioural abnormalities of AD, which is referred to as cholinergic hypothesis of AD. The other enzyme which degrades ACh is the butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Thus, current treatment options of AD include symptomatic treatment to elevate the levels of ACh by inhibiting AChE. However, the currently used drugs cause several side effects, and the quest for novel drugs remains an interesting and essential venture. Since the disease has multiple pathophysiologies, there is an unrelenting need to develop novel drugs and lead molecules capable of inhibiting multiple pathways. The present study hypothesizes use of tea polyphenols against the key drug targets of AD, viz. β-Secretase, γ-Secretase, GSK-3β, AChE and BuChE. The hypothesis has been validated using molecular docking tools. The result indicates that the polyphenols may potentially inhibit these enzymes, similar to their known inhibitors. Thus, the findings are of immense significance in the therapeutic interventions of AD, using tea polyphenols as exciting multi-target drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shuvasish Choudhury
- Central Instrumentation Laboratory, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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Pavone PS, Lovati S, Scarcella G, Milani M. Efficacy of different photoprotection strategies in preventing actinic keratosis new lesions after photodynamic therapy. The ATHENA study: a two-center, randomized, prospective, assessor-blinded pragmatic trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2019; 35:141-145. [PMID: 30404544 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2018.1544887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Treatment of actinic keratosis (AK) and field cancerization with photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an effective therapeutic approach with a significant reduction in the number of AK lesions (-75% or more) associated with a significant cosmetic improvement of the photodamaged skin. Recently, also, the daylight PDT (DL-PDT) has proven to be as effective as the conventional PDT (C-PDT), but with a better tolerability. After C-PDT and DL-PDT it is advised to use photoprotection strategies to improve the clinical evolution and prevent the appearance of new AK lesions that usually appear 3-6 months after the last phototherapy session. However, there are no robust clinical data regarding the type of photoprotection to be used (SPF level, duration of treatment, etc.) after successful PDT.Study aim: The present study (ATHENA trial) evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of a topical product based on 0.8% piroxicam and 50+ solar filters (ACTX), applied twice a day as sequential therapy after C-PDT or DL-PDT on the evolution of AK lesions number compared to the use of very high photoprotection products commonly used in this clinical setting (SPF50+ or SPF100+ associated with photolyase) (Standard Sunscreens: SS group). Subjects and methods: This was a multicenter, randomized, two-arm, prospective controlled, assessor-masked outcome evaluation, parallel group (1:1), pragmatic study of 6 months duration in patients with multiple AK lesions suitable for photodynamic therapy. The objectives of the study were the evaluation of the evolution of the number of AK lesions during the period of treatment/application of the study products, and the Investigator global clinical assessment score (IGA score; 4: marked improvement, 3: good, 2: moderate; 1 no improvement; 0: worsening) 2, 3, and 6 months after the last PDT session. A total of 68 subjects (50 men, 18 women; mean age 70 years), 34 assigned to treatment with ACTX and 34 to treatment with SS (17 treated with a SPF50+ and 17 with a photolyase-containing SPF100+ products), were enrolled in the study.Results: The number of AK lesions present before C-PDT/DL-PDT was 11.8 ± 5.8 in the ACTX group and 12.4 ± 6.9 in the SS group. In both groups, there was a progressive reduction of AK lesions observed at baseline (-86% and -87% after 2 months and -88% and -83% at month 3 in ACTX and in the SS group, respectively). At month 6, AK mean lesion number was 1.8 ± 1.6 in the ACTX and 3.2 ± 2.3 in the SS group; this difference was statistically significant (p = 0.03). The IGA score at the end of the study was 3.2 in the ACTX and 2.7 in the SS group (p = 0.05). The percentage of subjects with an IGA score of 4/3 (very good or good) was 81% in the ACTX and 55% in the SS group (p = 0.06).Conclusion: In subjects with AK treated with C-PDT or DL-PDT, a "medicalized" photoprotection treatment is associated with a favorable clinical outcome with progressive reduction of lesions. In contrast to a very high photoprotection (SPF50+ or SPF100+/photolyase), the use of piroxicam 0.8%/SPF 50+ is associated with a significantly greater improvement in clinical evolution of AK lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Lovati
- Dermatology Unit, Erba-Renaldi Hospital, Menaggio, Italy
| | | | - Massimo Milani
- Direzione Medica Cantabria Labs Difa Cooper Caronno Pertusella (VA), Italy
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Mazumder MK, Paul R, Phukan BC, Dutta A, Chakrabarty J, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Garcinol, an effective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Med Hypotheses 2018; 117:54-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Cell death after traumatic brain injury: Detrimental role of anoikis in healing. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 482:149-154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Mazumder MK, Phukan BC, Bhattacharjee A, Borah A. Disturbed purine nucleotide metabolism in chronic kidney disease is a risk factor for cognitive impairment. Med Hypotheses 2017; 111:36-39. [PMID: 29406992 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2017.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasing global health burden. Disturbance in purine metabolism pathway and a higher level of serum uric acid, called hyperuricemia, is a risk factor of CKD, and it has been linked to increased prevalence and progression of the disease. In a recent study, it has been demonstrated that purine nucleotides and uric acid alter the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Thus, we hypothesize that adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and uric acid may potentially interfere with the activity of AChE. The hypothesis has been tested using computational tools. Uric acid has been found to be the most potent inhibitor of AChE, with a binding affinity higher than the known inhibitors of the enzyme. Further, since depleted AChE activity is associated with dementia and cognitive impairment, the present study suggest that disturbed purine nucleotide metabolism in CKD is a risk factor for cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Khairujjaman Mazumder
- Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, P.O. Dorgakona, Cachar, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, P.O. Dorgakona, Cachar, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Aradhana Bhattacharjee
- Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, P.O. Dorgakona, Cachar, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular & Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, P.O. Dorgakona, Cachar, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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Garofalo V, Ventura A, Mazzilli S, Diluvio L, Bianchi L, Toti L, Tisone G, Milani M, Campione E. Treatment of Multiple Actinic Keratosis and Field of Cancerization with Topical Piroxicam 0.8% and Sunscreen 50+ in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Series of 10 Cases. Case Rep Dermatol 2017; 9:211-216. [PMID: 29282394 PMCID: PMC5731151 DOI: 10.1159/000481770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ transplant recipient (OTR) subjects are at high risk of skin cancer such as squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Actinic keratosis (AK) is considered the precursor of these non-melanoma skin cancers. Sun protection is mandatory in subjects with AK and this preventive strategy is very important in OTR. Treatment of the field of cancerization is also crucial to reduce the risk of recurrence of skin lesions in AK and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. Activation of cyclooxygenase 1 and 2 enzymes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of skin cancers. Topical application of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as diclofenac and, more recently, piroxicam has shown to reduce AK lesions in immunocompetent subjects. A medical device containing piroxicam and SPF 50+ sunscreen filters (P+SS) has been demonstrated to be effective in reducing AK lesions and improving the field of cancerization. We report the effect of P+SS, applied for 16 weeks, in a case series of 10 OTR subjects with multiple AK lesions. P+SS treatment was associated with a relevant AK lesion reduction (>75%) in 7 patients (with a complete clearance in 3 subjects) with an improvement in the field of cancerization. This medical device could be considered a promising long-term curative and preventive treatment in OTR patients at high risk of non-melanoma skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Garofalo
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ventura
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Mazzilli
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Toti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Tisone
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Milani
- Medical Department, Difa Cooper, IFC Group, Caronno Pertusella, Italy
- *Dr. Massimo Milani, MD, Medical Department, Difa Cooper, IFC Group, Via Milano 160, IT-21042 Caronno Pertusella (Italy), E-Mail
| | - Elena Campione
- Department of Systems Medicine, Division of Dermatology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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Puviani M, Galloni C, Marchetti S, Sergio Pavone P, Lovati S, Pistone G, Caputo V, Tilotta G, Scarcella G, Campione E, Diluvio L, Garofalo V, Bianchi L, Milani M. Efficacy of a film-forming medical device containing sunscreen (50+) and piroxicam 0.8% in actinic keratosis and field cancerization: a multicenter, assessor-blinded, 3 month trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1255-1259. [PMID: 28358282 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1313212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sunscreen protection in subjects with actinic keratosis (AK) is highly recommended to prevent clinical evolution of this in situ skin cancer condition. Use of topical anti-cyclooxygenase drugs such as diclofenac and piroxicam reduces the number of lesions and improves the cancerization field. A film-forming medical device in a cream formulation containing organic and inorganic sun-filters (50+ SPF) and piroxicam 0.8% (ACTX) has shown in a pilot, single-center, open trial to reduce AK lesions improving the cancerization field. AIM We evaluated in a multicenter, assessor-blinded, 3 month trial the efficacy of ACTX in AK. METHODS A total of 70 subjects with at least three AK lesions on the scalp or face were enrolled after written informed consent. Primary outcomes of the study were the clinical evolution of number of AK lesions on a target zone area and the evolution of dermoscopy features of the target lesion, assessing erythema, scaling, pigmentation, and follicular plug, using a 5 point score (from 0 to 4; maximum score: 16). Lesion count and dermoscopy score were evaluated in a blind fashion assessing digital color high definition coded images. A secondary outcome was the Investigator Global Score (IGS) of clinical evolution of the target area using a 7 point scale from -2 (significantly worse) to +4 (completely cured). IGS was evaluated in an open fashion. Subjects were instructed to apply the cream twice daily on the target area, using one finger-tip unit for the treatment of a 35 cm2 area. RESULTS All but one subject (40 men and 30 women, mean age 73 years) concluded the study period. At baseline the mean (±SD) number of AK lesions in the target area were 7.0 (5.9) with a median value of 5 and the dermoscopy score of the target lesion was 7.0 (2.3) with a median value of 7.0. ACTX treatment reduced AK lesions to 3.2 (2.9), (p = .0001; Wilcoxon Test), representing a 55% relative reduction. Dermoscopy score was reduced to 3.3 (2.6) (p = .0001) (a reduction of 53%). The IGS after ACTX treatment was +1.9 (1.1), with a median of 2.0. A total of 86% of subjects showed a clinical improvement of IGS (≥1) with a very significant/complete clearance (score +3 or +4) in 42% subjects. No change or a worsening of AK lesions was observed in 14% of the subjects. The product was well tolerated. No serious adverse events were reported during the duration of the trial. CONCLUSION In this multicenter, assessor-blinded trial, the use of a film-forming medical device with sun protection and anti-inflammatory actions was effective in reducing AK lesions and improving the dermoscopy aspect of the target lesion in 86% of treated subjects. A head-to-head trial evaluating the efficacy of this medical device in comparison with diclofenac is warranted to establish whether this therapeutic approach could offer additional advantages in term of AK lesion reduction compared to an established topical treatment. (Trial ID: ISRCTN72020277).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Lovati
- c Ospedale Erba Renaldi, Menaggio ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pistone
- c Ospedale Erba Renaldi, Menaggio ASST Valtellina e Alto Lario , Italy
| | - Valentina Caputo
- d U.O.C Dermatologia, MTS-AOUP, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital , Palermo
| | - Giovanna Tilotta
- d U.O.C Dermatologia, MTS-AOUP, "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital , Palermo
| | | | - Elena Campione
- f Clinica Dermatologica, Università Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | - Laura Diluvio
- f Clinica Dermatologica, Università Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
| | | | - Luca Bianchi
- f Clinica Dermatologica, Università Tor Vergata , Roma , Italy
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Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Immunoexpression in Periapical Lesions from Primary Endodontic Infection: Possible Relationship with the Histopathological Diagnosis and the Presence of Pain. J Endod 2016; 42:547-51. [PMID: 26846622 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible associations among the histopathological diagnosis, the inflammatory infiltrate profile, the presence of pain, and the immunoexpression of matrix metalloproteinases MMP-2 and MMP-9 in periapical lesions from primary endodontic infection. METHODS Fifty-one primary periapical lesions obtained from extracted teeth were selected for this study. Patients were previously evaluated for the presence of pain and sinus tract related to the tooth to be extracted. Tissues were processed for microscopic examination and MMP-2 and MMP-9 immunoexpression. Microscopically, samples were classified as periapical granulomas or periapical cysts and the inflammatory infiltrate as chronic or mixed. The percentage of immunopositive cells for MMP-2 and MMP-9 of each case was performed based on 10 consecutive microscopic fields. The Student t or chi-square tests were used in the statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the total, 28 cases were classified as periapical granulomas (54.90%) and 23 cases as periapical cysts (45.10%). Seventeen patients (33.33%) reported pain associated with the extracted tooth, with 12 cases of periapical granulomas (70.58%) and 5 cases of periapical cysts (29.42%). All cases showed immunopositivity for MMP-2 and MMP-9 in a high percentage of cells, mainly in the cytoplasm of the leukocytes. MMP-2 was expressed more in periapical granulomas than periapical cysts (P < .05) and in symptomatic cases (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS According to the results, we may conclude that MMP-2 and MMP-9 are highly expressed in periapical lesions from a primary endodontic infection. Moreover, we may suggest MMP-2 is expressed more in periapical granuloma and in cases associated with pain.
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Role of P38 MAPK on MMP Activity in Photothrombotic Stroke Mice as Measured using an Ultrafast MMP Activatable Probe. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16951. [PMID: 26581247 PMCID: PMC4652271 DOI: 10.1038/srep16951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) exert a dual effect in ischemic stroke and thus represent an ideal target for detection and therapy. However, to date, all clinical trials of MMP inhibitors have failed, and alternative drug candidates and therapeutic targets are urgently required. Nonetheless, further investigations are limited by the lack of non-invasive imaging techniques. Here, we report a novel, fast and ultrasensitive MMP activatable optical imaging probe for the dynamic visualization of MMP activity in photothrombotic stroke mice. This probe provides a significant signal enhancement in as little as 15 min, with the highest signal intensity occurring at 1 h post-injection, and shows high sensitivity in measuring MMP activity alterations, which makes it specifically suitable for the real-time visualization of MMP activity and drug discovery in preclinical research. Moreover, using this probe, we successfully demonstrate that the regulation of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal pathway is capable of modulating MMP activity after stroke, revealing a novel regulatory mechanism of postischemic brain damage and overcoming the limitations of traditional therapeutic strategies associated with MMP inhibitors by using a non-invasive molecular imaging method.
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Garcinol prevents hyperhomocysteinemia and enhances bioavailability of L-DOPA by inhibiting catechol-O-methyltransferase: an in silico approach. Med Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1472-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Mazumder MK, Borah A. Piroxicam confer neuroprotection in Cerebral Ischemia by inhibiting Cyclooxygenases, Acid- Sensing Ion Channel-1a and Aquaporin-4: an in silico comparison with Aspirin and Nimesulide. Bioinformation 2015; 11:217-22. [PMID: 26124563 PMCID: PMC4479049 DOI: 10.6026/97320630011217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CI), caused by the deprivation of oxygen and glucose to the brain, is the leading cause of permanent disability.
Neuronal demise in CI has been linked to several pathways which include cyclooxygenases (COX) − mediated production of
prostaglandins (PGs) and subsequently reactive oxygen species (ROS), aquaporin-4 (AQ-4) − mediated brain edema and acidsensing
ion channel-1a (ASIC-1a) − mediated acidotoxicity, matrix remodeling, in addition to others. Several non-steroidal antiinflammatory
drugs (NSAIDs) are presently in use to prevent these pathways. However, owing to the large number of processes
involved, there is high drug load. So, identifying drugs with multimodal role has always been a frequently sought venture. The
present in silico study has been performed to find out the relative efficacy of three different NSAIDs (Piroxicam, Aspirin and
Nimesulide) in preventing neurodegeneration in CI, with respect to their inhibitory potential on COXs, AQ-4 and ASIC-1a. We find
that piroxicam is the most potent inhibitor of these receptors as compared to the NSAIDs under investigation. Since piroxicam has
already been reported to inhibit N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are also
linked to CI-induced neurodegeneration, we hereby propose piroxicam to be a gold-standard drug in preventing
neurodegeneration in CI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Khairujjaman Mazumder
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar-788011, Assam, India
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