1
|
Bublitz K, Böckmann S, Peters K, Hinz B. Cannabinoid-Induced Autophagy and Heme Oxygenase-1 Determine the Fate of Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells under Stressful Conditions. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102298. [PMID: 33076330 PMCID: PMC7602569 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The administration of adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs) represents a promising therapeutic option after myocardial ischemia or myocardial infarction. However, their potential is reduced due to the high post-transplant cell mortality probably caused by oxidative stress and mitogen-deficient microenvironments. To identify protection strategies for ADMSCs, this study investigated the influence of the non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) and the endocannabinoid analogue R(+)-methanandamide (MA) on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and autophagy under serum-free conditions. At a concentration of 3 µM, CBD induced an upregulation of HO-1 mRNA and protein within 6 h, whereas for MA only a late and comparatively lower increase in the HO-1 protein could be detected after 48 h. In addition, both cannabinoids induced time- and concentration-dependent increases in LC3A/B-II protein, a marker of autophagy, and in metabolic activity. A participation of several cannabinoid-binding receptors in the effect on metabolic activity and HO-1 was excluded. Similarly, knockdown of HO-1 by siRNA or inhibition of HO-1 activity by tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) had no effect on CBD-induced autophagy and metabolic activity. On the other hand, the inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 led to a significant decrease in cannabinoid-induced metabolic activity and to an increase in apoptosis. Under these circumstances, a significant induction of HO-1 expression after 24 h could also be demonstrated for MA. Remarkably, inhibition of HO-1 by SnPPIX under conditions of autophagy deficit led to a significant reversal of apoptosis in cannabinoid-treated cells. In conclusion, the investigated cannabinoids increase metabolic viability of ADMSCs under serum-free conditions by inducing HO-1-independent autophagy but contribute to apoptosis under conditions of additional autophagy deficit via an HO-1-dependent pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Bublitz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Sabine Böckmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Kirsten Peters
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 69, D-18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, Schillingallee 70, D-18057 Rostock, Germany; (K.B.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-381-494-5770
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cannabidiol Promotes Endothelial Cell Survival by Heme Oxygenase-1-Mediated Autophagy. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071703. [PMID: 32708634 PMCID: PMC7407143 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive cannabinoid, has been reported to mediate antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic effects in endothelial cells. This study investigated the influence of CBD on the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and its functional role in regulating metabolic, autophagic, and apoptotic processes of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC). Concentrations up to 10 µM CBD showed a concentration-dependent increase of HO-1 mRNA and protein and an increase of the HO-1-regulating transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). CBD-induced HO-1 expression was not decreased by antagonists of cannabinoid-activated receptors (CB1, CB2, transient receptor potential vanilloid 1), but by the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The incubation of HUVEC with 6 µM CBD resulted in increased metabolic activity, while 10 µM CBD caused decreased metabolic activity and an induction of apoptosis, as demonstrated by enhanced caspase-3 cleavage. In addition, CBD triggered a concentration-dependent increase of the autophagy marker LC3A/B-II. Both CBD-induced LC3A/B-II levels and caspase-3 cleavage were reduced by NAC. The inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin A1 led to apoptosis induction by 6 µM CBD and a further increase of the proapoptotic effect of 10 µM CBD. On the other hand, the inhibition of HO-1 activity with tin protoporphyrin IX (SnPPIX) or knockdown of HO-1 expression by Nrf2 siRNA was associated with a decrease in CBD-mediated autophagy and apoptosis. In summary, our data show for the first time ROS-mediated HO-1 expression in endothelial cells as a mechanism by which CBD mediates protective autophagy, which at higher CBD concentrations, however, can no longer prevent cell death inducing apoptosis.
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
During the past decades, stem cell-based therapy has acquired a promising role in regenerative medicine. The application of novel cell therapeutics for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases could potentially achieve the ambitious aim of effective cardiac regeneration. Despite the highly positive results from preclinical studies, data from phase I/II clinical trials are inconsistent and the improvement of cardiac remodeling and heart performance was found to be quite limited. The major issues which cardiac stem cell therapy is facing include inefficient cell delivery to the site of injury, accompanied by low cell retention and weak effectiveness of remaining stem cells in tissue regeneration. According to preclinical and clinical studies, various stem cells (adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells) represent the most promising cell types so far. Beside the selection of the appropriate cell type, researchers have developed several strategies to produce “second-generation” stem cell products with improved regenerative capacity. Genetic and nongenetic modifications, chemical and physical preconditioning, and the application of biomaterials were found to significantly enhance the regenerative capacity of transplanted stem cells. In this review, we will give an overview of the recent developments in stem cell engineering with the goal to facilitate stem cell delivery and to promote their cardiac regenerative activity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Gao F, Han S, Cheah KS, Tse HF, Lian Q. CRISPR/Cas9 Genome-Editing System in Human Stem Cells: Current Status and Future Prospects. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 9:230-241. [PMID: 29246302 PMCID: PMC5651489 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Genome-editing involves the insertion, deletion, or replacement of DNA in the genome of a living organism using “molecular scissors.” Traditional genome editing with engineered nucleases for human stem cells is limited by its low efficiency, high cost, and poor specificity. The CRISPR system has recently emerged as a powerful gene manipulation technique with advantages of high editing efficiency and low cost. Although this technique offers huge potential for gene manipulation in various organisms ranging from prokaryotes to higher mammals, there remain many challenges in human stem cell research. In this review, we highlight the basic biology and application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in current human stem cell research, discuss its advantages and challenges, and debate the future prospects for human stem cells in regenerative medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuelin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuo Han
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kathryn S Cheah
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hung-Fat Tse
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qizhou Lian
- Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Shenzhen Institutes of Research and Innovation, University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Z, Li Y, Yu H, Shen Y, Ju C, Ma G, Liu Y, Kim IM, Weintraub NL, Tang Y. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1660:389-394. [PMID: 28828674 PMCID: PMC5813491 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7253-1_32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Transplanted induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC ) and embryonic stem cells (ESC) exhibit enhanced survival in ischemic tissues and promote survival of neighboring cells via paracrine effects. Recent studies indicate that stem cells can secrete extracellular vesicles (EV), which can shuttle noncoding RNA between cells and facilitate intercellular signaling and communication between donor stem cells and recipient tissues. Direct transplantation of IPSC -derived EV (IPSC -EV) is highly effective at promoting survival and preventing apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in a mouse model of acute myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R). Here, we describe a feasible protocol to purify EV from cultured IPSC .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Chen
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou Shi, Guangdong Sheng, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Shen
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Chengwei Ju
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Genshan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yutao Liu
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1459 Laney Walker Blvd, CB3303A, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Schook LB, Rund L, Begnini KR, Remião MH, Seixas FK, Collares T. Emerging Technologies to Create Inducible and Genetically Defined Porcine Cancer Models. Front Genet 2016; 7:28. [PMID: 26973698 PMCID: PMC4770043 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2016.00028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an emerging need for new animal models that address unmet translational cancer research requirements. Transgenic porcine models provide an exceptional opportunity due to their genetic, anatomic, and physiological similarities with humans. Due to recent advances in the sequencing of domestic animal genomes and the development of new organism cloning technologies, it is now very feasible to utilize pigs as a malleable species, with similar anatomic and physiological features with humans, in which to develop cancer models. In this review, we discuss genetic modification technologies successfully used to produce porcine biomedical models, in particular the Cre-loxP System as well as major advances and perspectives the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Recent advancements in porcine tumor modeling and genome editing will bring porcine models to the forefront of translational cancer research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence B Schook
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaign, IL, USA
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Karine R Begnini
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Mariana H Remião
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Fabiana K Seixas
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Collares
- Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Biotechnology Unit, Technology Development Center, Federal University of Pelotas Pelotas, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|