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Devi S, Chaturvedi M, Fatima S, Priya S. Environmental factors modulating protein conformations and their role in protein aggregation diseases. Toxicology 2022; 465:153049. [PMID: 34818560 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2021.153049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The adverse physiological conditions have been long known to impact protein synthesis, folding and functionality. Major physiological factors such as the effect of pH, temperature, salt and pressure are extensively studied for their impact on protein structure and homeostasis. However, in the current scenario, the environmental risk factors (pollutants) have gained impetus in research because of their increasing concentrations in the environment and strong epidemiologic link with protein aggregation disorders. Here, we review the physiological and environmental risk factors for their impact on protein conformational changes, misfolding, aggregation, and associated pathological conditions, especially environmental risk factors associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Devi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Minal Chaturvedi
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Siraj Fatima
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smriti Priya
- Systems Toxicology and Health Risk Assessment Group, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow-226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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2
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Chung YL, Hou YC, Wang IK, Lu KC, Yen TH. Organophosphate pesticides and new-onset diabetes mellitus: From molecular mechanisms to a possible therapeutic perspective. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:1818-1831. [PMID: 34888010 PMCID: PMC8613664 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i11.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphate is a commonly used pesticide in the agricultural sector. The main action of organophosphate focuses on acetylcholinesterase inhibition, and it therefore contributes to acute cholinergic crisis, intermediate syndrome and delayed neurotoxicity. From sporadic case series to epidemiologic studies, organophosphate has been linked to hyperglycemia and the occurrence of new-onset diabetes mellitus. Organophosphate-mediated direct damage to pancreatic beta cells, insulin resistance related to systemic inflammation and excessive hepatic gluconeogenesis and polymorphisms of the enzyme governing organophosphate elimination are all possible contributors to the development of new-onset diabetes mellitus. To date, a preventive strategy for organophosphate-mediated new-onset diabetes mellitus is still lacking. However, lowering reactive oxygen species levels may be a practical method to reduce the risk of developing hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Chung
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Cardinal-Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chou Hou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
| | - I-Kuan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Cheng Lu
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 24205, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City 231, Taiwan
| | - Tzung-Hai Yen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 333, Taiwan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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3
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Chronic Exposure to Organophosphates Pesticides and Risk of Metabolic Disorder in Cohort from Pakistan and Cameroon. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052310. [PMID: 33652791 PMCID: PMC7967685 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are major chemicals used in agriculture for eradication of insecticides/pesticides. Unfortunately, the longtime exposure of human beings to OPPs could lead to metabolic disorder such as high blood pressure, hyperglycemia, overweight or dyslipidemia. The aim of this research is to evaluate the possible metabolic dysregulations as a consequence of chronic OPPs exposure to individuals in Cameroon and Pakistan. (2) Methods: Blood samples were collected from 300 participants in each country, into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) tubes. The samples were extracted with solid phase extraction (methanol/water) for analysis of OPPs with gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The spectrophotometry and Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) were used to measure the hepatic, renal, pancreatic and cardiovascular functions. The atherogenic index (AI) was also determined in OPPs exposed and nonexposed cohorts. (3) Results: The results showed the presence of malathion, parathion and chlorpyrifos OPPs residues in Cameroonians, and malathion and chlorpyrifos in Pakistani samples, respectively. Elevated Body Mass Index (BMI), insulin, blood glucose, dyslipidemia and hypertension were noted in OPPs chronic exposed groups. In addition, dysregulated liver and kidney function profiles were observed in all participants regardless of gender and age groups. (4) Conclusions: The study concludes that both the study cohorts showed several metabolic dysregulations attributable to chronic exposure to a mixture of OPPs which may provide precursors for establishment of metabolic syndrome and other chronic diseases. Further different extended population-based studies are suggested to understand the differential metabolic dysfunctions caused by structurally different OPPs mixtures exposure.
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Leonel Javeres MN, Raza S, Judith N, Anwar F, Habib R, Batool S, Nurulain SM. Mixture of Organophosphates Chronic Exposure and Pancreatic Dysregulations in Two Different Population Samples. Front Public Health 2020; 8:534902. [PMID: 33194944 PMCID: PMC7655777 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.534902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OP) are a major agrochemical. The application of OP pesticides is expected to increase multifold in the coming decades. The etiology of diabetic diseases is attributed to multiple factors including OP pesticide exposure. The present study investigates pancreatic dysregulation with respect to exocrine enzymes and diabesity in groups of Pakistani and Cameroonian people exposed to a mixture of OP pesticides. Nine hundred and four OP exposed individuals were enrolled for this cross-sectional study after due consent and approval from an ethical review committee. Pesticides' residues were measured by GC-MS spectrometry. Cholinergic enzymes were measured by Elman's method. Serum glucose, insulin, serum amylase, lipase, and triglyceride were measured by spectrophotometry and ELISA; HOMA-IR was determined in OP exposed and non-exposed participants. Stata 15 and R 3.2.0 software were used for statistical analysis of the data. Malathion, chlorpyrifos, and parathion residues were evident in plasma samples. RBC-acetylcholinesterase was significantly depressed in OP exposed groups. In both population samples, investigated pancreatic functions were found to be statistically significantly more dysregulated than non-exposed. OP exposure indicated risk of diabetes and insulin, glycaemia, adiponectin, triglycerides, and TNF-α dysregulations. The study concludes that both OP exposed population groups exhibited a mixture of OP residues and pancreatic dysregulation, although the effect was more pronounced in the Cameroonian population. In addition, serum lipase has a positive correlation with OP exposure and diabetes and may be suggested as an alternate/additional diagnostic marker for diabesity under OP exposure. However, screening of other environmental co-factors with OP for pancreatic dysregulation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saqlain Raza
- Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ngondi Judith
- Department of Biochemistry, Yaoundé I University, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Fozia Anwar
- Department of Health Informatic, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Habib
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajida Batool
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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5
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Covantes-Rosales CE, Toledo-Ibarra GA, González-Navarro I, Agraz-Cibrian JM, Girón-Pérez DA, Ventura-Ramon GH, Diaz-Resendiz KJG, Bueno-Durán AY, Ponce-Regalado MD, Girón-Pérez MI. Diazinon acute exposure induces neutrophil extracellular traps in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2020.1798885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. E. Covantes-Rosales
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - G. A. Toledo-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - I. González-Navarro
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - J. M. Agraz-Cibrian
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - D. A. Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - G. H. Ventura-Ramon
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - K. J. G. Diaz-Resendiz
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - A. Y. Bueno-Durán
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químico Biológicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
| | - M. D. Ponce-Regalado
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de los Altos Carretera a Yahualica, Tepatitlán de Morelos, Jalisco, México
| | - M. I. Girón-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Cd de la Cultura Amado Nervo, Tepic Nayarit, México
- Laboratorio Nacional para la Investigación en Inocuidad Alimentaria (LANIIA)-Unidad Nayarit, Calle tres s/n, Colonia Ciudad Industrial, Tepic Nayarit, México
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Lakshmi J, Mukhopadhyay K, Ramaswamy P, Mahadevan S. A Systematic Review on Organophosphate Pesticide and Type II Diabetes Mellitus. Curr Diabetes Rev 2020; 16:586-597. [PMID: 31544698 DOI: 10.2174/1573399815666190712192844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are extremely poisonous and they affect the glucose breakdown in numerous and mechanism. There are higher evidence of stimulating diabetes mellitus through OP pesticides especially the type II diabetes. The upsurge in the level of glucose (hyperglycemia), and insulin resistance along with their related outcomes are discussed in this review. The data related to investigational and clinical techniques endorse a connection amid such molecular mechanism and compounds of OPs. Numerous studies conducted till March 2018 have reported OP' exposures and diabetes-related outcomes. The acute and chronic exposure in case of these insecticides and diabetesrelated outcomes are defined in this study. Initially, it was declared that OPs prompt to hyperglycemia. Then, a high association of glucose in blood beside insulin was found out. The affirmation from some clinical as well as investigational studies supported a connection amid exposure to OP and diabetes, yet in maximum number of instances, non-specific diabetes occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jothi Lakshmi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Krishnendu Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Padmavathi Ramaswamy
- Department of Physiology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - Shriraam Mahadevan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India
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Czajka M, Matysiak-Kucharek M, Jodłowska-Jędrych B, Sawicki K, Fal B, Drop B, Kruszewski M, Kapka-Skrzypczak L. Organophosphorus pesticides can influence the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes with concomitant metabolic changes. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 178:108685. [PMID: 31479978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use and the bioaccumulation of pesticides in the environment lead to the contamination of air, water, soil and agricultural resources. A huge body of evidence points to the association between the pesticide exposure and increase in the incidence of chronic diseases, e.g. cancer, birth defects, reproductive disorders, neurodegenerative, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, developmental disorders, metabolic disorders, chronic renal disorders or autoimmune diseases. Organophosphorus compounds are among the most widely used pesticides. A growing body of evidence is suggesting the potential interdependence between the organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) exposure and risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This article reviews the current literature to highlight the latest in vitro and in vivo evidences on the possible influence of OPs on obesity and T2DM development, as well as epidemiological evidence for the metabolic toxicity of OPs in humans. The article also draws attention to the influence of maternal OPs exposure on offspring. Summarized studies suggest that OPs exposure is associated with metabolic changes linked with obesity and T2DM indicated that such exposures may increase risk or vulnerability to other contributory components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Czajka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Matysiak-Kucharek
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Jodłowska-Jędrych
- Department of Histology and Embryology with Experimental Cytology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sawicki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Berta Fal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with E-learning Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland; Centre for Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lucyna Kapka-Skrzypczak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
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Rathish D, Agampodi S, Jayasumana C. In vivo, ex vivo and in vitro evidence for atropine-mediated attenuation of glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion: findings from a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:29597-29605. [PMID: 31446595 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06227-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is involved in postprandial glucose homeostasis. Secretion of which involves a cholinergic pathway. Anticholinergic agent like atropine could act as a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors. This review explores studies that assess the role of atropine in GLP-1 secretion. We selected published original articles from PubMed, Science Direct, The Cochrane Library, Trip, Google and the reference lists of the selected articles. Reporting was done according to the PRISMA statement. Relevant standard and previously published tools were used to assess the risk of bias of the selected articles. Twelve articles out of 185 search results fulfilled the review criteria. Eight were in vivo studies (six animal and two human studies), three were ex vivo studies and one was an in vitro study. Animal studies had rats, mice, pigs and monkeys as the subjects. Human studies involved healthy men and women. Majority of the studies reported an atropine-mediated attenuation of GLP-1 secretion and postprandial secretion of GLP-1 was mainly affected. However, atropine failed to significantly affect GLP-1 secretion when dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) enzyme was inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarajan Rathish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
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Rathish D, Jayasumana C, Agampodi S. Comparison of biochemical parameters among DPP4 inhibitor users and other oral hypoglycaemic drug users: a cross-sectional study from Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. JOURNAL OF HEALTH, POPULATION, AND NUTRITION 2019; 38:3. [PMID: 30674350 PMCID: PMC6343272 DOI: 10.1186/s41043-019-0160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher efficacy of incretin-based therapies for type 2 diabetes mellitus has been reported from Asia. Pancreatitis and hepatitis have also been suspected to occur due to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4I) treatment. The present study aims at comparing selected biochemical parameters among DPP4 inhibitor users and other oral hypoglycaemic drug users. METHODS Patients were recruited from the State Pharmaceutical Corporation, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, for a comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups were involved: "DPP4I" user group (n = 63) and "other oral hypoglycaemic" user group (n = 126). Mann-Whitney U test was performed to find a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the distributions of HbA1C, pancreatic amylase, serum lipase, AST and ALT levels between the two groups. RESULTS Contradicting to previous Asian studies, distribution of HbA1C (p = 0.569) between anti-diabetic regimes with and without DPP4 inhibitors showed no significant difference. Also, amylase (p = 0.171), AST (p = 0.238) and ALT (p = 0.347) failed to show significance. However, lipase was significantly (p = 0.012) high in the DPP4I group. CONCLUSION The study showed a significantly higher lipase level among the DPP4I users in comparison to other oral hypoglycaemic drug users, and possible reasons were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarajan Rathish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
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Rathish D, Senavirathna I, Jayasumana C, Agampodi S, Siribaddana S. A low GLP-1 response among patients treated for acute organophosphate and carbamate poisoning: a comparative cross-sectional study from an agrarian region of Sri Lanka. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:2864-2872. [PMID: 30499084 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Higher incidence of diabetes along with increased use of pesticides is seen in Southeast Asia. Recent hypothesis postulated a link between acetylcholinesterase inhibitor insecticides and type 2 diabetes through the GLP-1 pathway. This study compares the GLP-1 response between groups with low and high red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activity. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted amongst patients who were within 3 months after an acute organophosphate or carbamate poisoning (acute group) and amongst vegetable farmers with low (chronic group) and high (control group) RBC-AChE activity. Acute (366 mU/μM Hb) and chronic (361 mU/μM Hb) groups had significantly lower RBC-AChE activity in comparison to the control (471 mU/μM Hb) group (P < 0.0001). Only the acute group, which has had atropine therapy, showed a significantly lower 120 min value in comparison to the control group (P = 0.0028). Also, the acute group had significantly low late (P = 0.0287) and total (P = 0.0358) responses of GLP-1 in comparison to the control group. The findings of the study allude towards attenuation of GLP-1 response amongst patients after acute organophosphate and carbamate poisoning. The possibility of an atropine-mediated attenuation of GLP-1 response was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarajan Rathish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
| | - Indika Senavirathna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Sisira Siribaddana
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
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Nascimento S, Göethel G, Gauer B, Sauer E, Nardi J, Cestonaro L, Correia D, Peruzzi C, Mota L, Machry RV, Furlanetto TW, Saint' Pierre T, Gioda A, Arbo MD, Garcia SC. Exposure to environment chemicals and its possible role in endocrine disruption of children from a rural area. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 167:488-498. [PMID: 30142624 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), including pesticides and metals, are present in rural areas, endangering the health of exposed populations. This work aimed to investigate the possible association between the exposure to these xenobiotics and thyroid dysfunction in children living in a rural community of Southern Brazil. Fifty-four children aged 5-16 years participated in this study. Peripheral biomarker evaluations were performed in periods of low and high exposure to pesticides. Thyroid ultrasonography was evaluated in the high exposure period. Blood levels of chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), as well as hair Pb levels were positively correlated with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations and negatively associated with free thyroxine (fT4) levels in the low exposure period. Prolactin was positively associated with hair Mn in both periods. In the ultrasound tests, the majority of children presented a normal echogenicity of thyroid. Glucose was inversely associated with the biomarker of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides, butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Lipid profile was above the recommended levels in both periods. In summary, our results show that children environmentally exposed to a mixture of xenobiotics in an agricultural community may have health impairments, especially on thyroid function, dyslipidemia, and glucose homeostasis disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nascimento
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Göethel
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Gauer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elisa Sauer
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jessica Nardi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Larissa Cestonaro
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas Correia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peruzzi
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano Mota
- Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria (HUSM), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael V Machry
- Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Av. Roraima 1000, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Tania W Furlanetto
- Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ramiro Barcelos 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Saint' Pierre
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Adriana Gioda
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcelo D Arbo
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Solange C Garcia
- Laboratório de Toxicologia (LATOX), Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Rathish D, Senavirathna I, Jayasumana C, Agampodi S. Red blood cell acetylcholinesterase activity among healthy dwellers of an agrarian region in Sri Lanka: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Environ Health Prev Med 2018; 23:25. [PMID: 29929492 PMCID: PMC6013882 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-018-0717-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Assessment of acetylcholinesterase-inhibitor insecticide (AChEII) toxicity depends on the measurement of red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC-AChE) activity. Its interpretation requires baseline values which is lacking in scientific literature. We aim to find the measures of central tendency and variation for RBC-AChE activity among dwellers of Anuradhapura, where the use and abuse of AChEIIs were rampant for the last few decades. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study with a community-based sampling for 100 healthy non-farmers (male:female = 1:1) was done using pre-determined selection criteria. Duplicate measurements of RBC-AChE activity were performed according to the modified Ellman procedure. Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were sort for RBC-AChE activity against its possible determinants. RESULTS RBC-AChE activity had a mean of 449.8 (SD 74.2) mU/μM Hb with a statistical power of 0.847. It was similar to values of "healthy controls" from previous Sri Lankan toxicological studies but was low against international reference value [586.1 (SD 65.1) mU/μM Hb]. None of the possible determinants showed a significant strength of relationship with RBC-AChE activity. CONCLUSION The baseline RBC-AChE activity among people of Anuradhapura is low in comparison with international reference values. This arises a need to find a causative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devarajan Rathish
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka.
| | - Indika Senavirathna
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Channa Jayasumana
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
| | - Suneth Agampodi
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Saliyapura, Sri Lanka
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Gangemi S, Gofita E, Costa C, Teodoro M, Briguglio G, Nikitovic D, Tzanakakis G, Tsatsakis AM, Wilks MF, Spandidos DA, Fenga C. Occupational and environmental exposure to pesticides and cytokine pathways in chronic diseases (Review). Int J Mol Med 2016; 38:1012-20. [PMID: 27600395 PMCID: PMC5029960 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2016.2728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides can exert numerous effects on human health as a consequence of both environmental and occupational exposures. The available knowledge base suggests that exposure to pesticides may result in detrimental reproductive changes, neurological dysfunction and several chronic disorders, which are defined by slow evolution and long-term duration. Moreover, an ever increasing amount of data have identified an association between exposure to pesticides and the harmful effects on the immune system. The real impact of alterations in humoral cytokine levels on human health, in particular in the case of chronic diseases, is still unclear. To date, studies have suggested that although exposure to pesticides can affect the immune system functionally, the development of immune disorders depends on the dose and duration of exposure to pesticides. However, many of the respective studies exhibit limitations, such as a lack of information on exposure levels, differences in the pesticide administration procedures, difficulty in characterizing a prognostic significance to the weak modifications often observed and the interpretation of obtained results. The main challenge is not just to understand the role of individual pesticides and their combinations, but also to determine the manner and the duration of exposure, as the toxic effects on the immune system cannot be separated from these considerations. There is a clear need for more well-designed and standardized epidemiological and experimental studies to recognize the exact association between exposure levels and toxic effects and to identify useful biomarkers of exposure. This review focuses on and critically discusses the immunotoxicity of pesticides and the impact of cytokine levels on health, focusing on the development of several chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gangemi
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section, 'Policlinico G. Martino' Hospital, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Eliza Gofita
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Chiara Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Teodoro
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section, 'Policlinico G. Martino' Hospital, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giusi Briguglio
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section, 'Policlinico G. Martino' Hospital, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy‑Histology‑Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Aristides M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Martin F Wilks
- Swiss Centre for Applied Human Toxicology, University of Basel, CH‑4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Concettina Fenga
- Department of Biomedical, Odontoiatric, Morphological and Functional Images, Occupational Medicine Section, 'Policlinico G. Martino' Hospital, University of Messina, I‑98125 Messina, Italy
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