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Liu Y, Wang Y, Wei F, Chai L, Wang H. Gut microbiota-bile acid crosstalk contributes to intestinal damage after nitrate exposure in Bufo gargarizans tadpoles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 943:173795. [PMID: 38851338 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic steroid acids whose production and diversity depend on both host and microbial metabolism. Nitrate (NO3-) is a widespread pollutant in aquatic ecosystems, which can cause rapid changes in microbial community structure and function. However, the effect of gut microbiota reshaped by nitrate‑nitrogen (NO3-N) on BAs profiles remains unclarified. To test this, intestinal targeted BAs metabolomics and fecal metagenomic sequencing were performed on Bufo gargarizans tadpoles treated with different concentrations of NO3-N. NO3-N exposure induced a reduction in the abundance of microbiota with bile acid-inducible enzymes (BAIs) and/or hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs), thus inhibiting the conversion of primary BAs to secondary BAs. Inhibition of BAs biotransformation decreased protective hydrophilic BAs (UDCA) and increased toxic hydrophobic BAs (CA and CDCA), which may contribute to intestinal histopathological damage. Moreover, we found that NO3-N treatment increased microbial virulence factors and decreased Glycoside hydrolases, further highlighting the deleterious risk of NO3-N. Overall, this study shed light on the complex interactions of NO3-N, gut microbiota, and BAs, and emphasized the hazardous effects of NO3-N pollution on the health of amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Fei Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China
| | - Lihong Chai
- School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710119, China.
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2
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Li S, Liu Y, Lu S, Xu J, Liu X, Yang D, Yang Y, Hou L, Li N. A crazy trio in Parkinson's disease: metabolism alteration, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3. [PMID: 38625515 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-04985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein within these neurons. Oligomeric α-synuclein exerts neurotoxic effects through mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell inflammatory response, lysosomal dysfunction and so on. α-synuclein aggregation, often accompanied by oxidative stress, is generally considered to be a key factor in PD pathology. At present, emerging evidences suggest that metabolism alteration is closely associated with α-synuclein aggregation and PD progression, and improvement of key molecules in metabolism might be potentially beneficial in PD treatment. In this review, we highlight the tripartite relationship among metabolic changes, α-synuclein aggregation, and oxidative stress in PD, and offer updated insights into the treatments of PD, aiming to deepen our understanding of PD pathogenesis and explore new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Sen Lu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiayi Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaokun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Di Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lin Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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3
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Uceda S, Echeverry-Alzate V, Reiriz-Rojas M, Martínez-Miguel E, Pérez-Curiel A, Gómez-Senent S, Beltrán-Velasco AI. Gut Microbial Metabolome and Dysbiosis in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Psychobiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as a Therapeutic Approach-A Comprehensive Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13294. [PMID: 37686104 PMCID: PMC10487945 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive narrative review conducted in this study delves into the mechanisms of communication and action at the molecular level in the human organism. The review addresses the complex mechanism involved in the microbiota-gut-brain axis as well as the implications of alterations in the microbial composition of patients with neurodegenerative diseases. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss or death is analyzed, as well as the mechanisms of action of the main metabolites involved in the bidirectional communication through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In addition, interventions targeting gut microbiota restructuring through fecal microbiota transplantation and the use of psychobiotics-pre- and pro-biotics-are evaluated as an opportunity to reduce the symptomatology associated with neurodegeneration in these pathologies. This review provides valuable information and facilitates a better understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms to be addressed in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Uceda
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Echeverry-Alzate
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Reiriz-Rojas
- BRABE Group, Psychology Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Martínez-Miguel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Curiel
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Gómez-Senent
- Health Department, School of Life and Nature Sciences, Nebrija University, 28240 Madrid, Spain
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Odongo R, Bellur O, Abdik E, Çakır T. Brain-wide transcriptome-based metabolic alterations in Parkinson's disease: human inter-region and human-experimental model correlations. Mol Omics 2023; 19:522-537. [PMID: 36928892 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00343k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in brain metabolism are closely associated with the molecular hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD). A clear understanding of the main metabolic perturbations in PD is therefore important. Here, we retrospectively analysed the expression of metabolic genes from 34 PD-control post-mortem human brain transcriptome data comparisons from literature, spanning multiple brain regions. We found high metabolic correlations between the Substantia nigra (SN)- and cerebral cortex-derived tissues. Moreover, three clusters of PD patient cohorts were identified based on perturbed metabolic processes in the SN - each characterised by perturbations in (a) bile acid metabolism (b) omega-3 fatty acid metabolism, and (c) lipoic acid and androgen metabolism - metabolic themes not comprehensively addressed in PD. These perturbations were supported by concurrence between transcriptome and proteome changes in the expression patterns for CBR1, ECI2, BDH2, CYP27A1, ALDH1B1, ALDH9A1, ADH5, ALDH7A1, L1CAM, and PLXNB3 genes, providing a valuable resource for drug targeting and diagnosis. Also, we analysed 58 PD-control transcriptome data comparisons from in vivo/in vitro disease models and identified experimental PD models with significant correlations to matched human brain regions. Collectively, our findings suggest metabolic alterations in several brain regions, heterogeneity in metabolic alterations between study cohorts for the SN tissues and the need to optimize current experimental models to advance research on metabolic aspects of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regan Odongo
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Orhan Bellur
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Ecehan Abdik
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Efremova I, Maslennikov R, Poluektova E, Vasilieva E, Zharikov Y, Suslov A, Letyagina Y, Kozlov E, Levshina A, Ivashkin V. Epidemiology of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:3400-3421. [PMID: 37389240 PMCID: PMC10303511 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i22.3400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is defined as an increase in the bacterial content of the small intestine above normal values. The presence of SIBO is detected in 33.8% of patients with gastroenterological complaints who underwent a breath test, and is significantly associated with smoking, bloating, abdominal pain, and anemia. Proton pump inhibitor therapy is a significant risk factor for SIBO. The risk of SIBO increases with age and does not depend on gender or race. SIBO complicates the course of a number of diseases and may be of pathogenetic significance in the development of their symptoms. SIBO is significantly associated with functional dyspepsia, irritable bowel syndrome, functional abdominal bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhea, short bowel syndrome, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, lactase deficiency, diverticular and celiac diseases, ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease, cirrhosis, metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), primary biliary cholangitis, gastroparesis, pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, gallstone disease, diabetes, hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, acromegaly, multiple sclerosis, autism, Parkinson’s disease, systemic sclerosis, spondylarthropathy, fibromyalgia, asthma, heart failure, and other diseases. The development of SIBO is often associated with a slowdown in orocecal transit time that decreases the normal clearance of bacteria from the small intestine. The slowdown of this transit may be due to motor dysfunction of the intestine in diseases of the gut, autonomic diabetic polyneuropathy, and portal hypertension, or a decrease in the motor-stimulating influence of thyroid hormones. In a number of diseases, including cirrhosis, MAFLD, diabetes, and pancreatitis, an association was found between disease severity and the presence of SIBO. Further work on the effect of SIBO eradication on the condition and prognosis of patients with various diseases is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Vasilieva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Yury Zharikov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Andrey Suslov
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Sechenov University, Moscow 125009, Russia
| | - Yana Letyagina
- N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgenii Kozlov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anna Levshina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Sechenov University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- The Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
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6
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Banaszak M, Górna I, Woźniak D, Przysławski J, Drzymała-Czyż S. Association between Gut Dysbiosis and the Occurrence of SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO. Microorganisms 2023; 11:573. [PMID: 36985147 PMCID: PMC10052891 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is the aggregate of all microorganisms in the human digestive system. There are 1014 CFU/mL of such microorganisms in the human body, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, archaea and protozoa. The Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes bacteria phyla comprise 90% of the human gut microbiota. The microbiota support the healthy functioning of the human body by helping with digestion (mainly via short-chain fatty acids and amino acids) and producing short-chain fatty acids. In addition, it exhibits many physiological functions, such as forming the intestinal epithelium, intestinal integrity maintenance, the production of vitamins, and protection against pathogens. An altered composition or the number of microorganisms, known as dysbiosis, disrupts the body's homeostasis and can lead to the development of inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and metabolic diseases such as diabetes, obesity and allergies. Several types of disruptions to the gut microbiota have been identified: SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), LIBO (Large Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth), SIFO (Small Intestinal Fungal Overgrowth), and IMO (Intestinal Methanogen Overgrowth). General gastrointestinal problems such as abdominal pain, bloating, gas, diarrhoea and constipation are the main symptoms of dysbiosis. They lead to malabsorption, nutrient deficiencies, anaemia and hypoproteinaemia. Increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS) permeability, stimulating the inflammatory response and resulting in chronic inflammation, has been identified as the leading cause of microbial overgrowth in the gut. The subject literature is extensive but of limited quality. Despite the recent interest in the gut microbiome and its disorders, more clinical research is needed to determine the pathophysiology, effective treatments, and prevention of small and large intestinal microbiota overgrowth. This review was designed to provide an overview of the available literature on intestinal microbial dysbiosis (SIBO, LIBO, SIFO and IMO) and to determine whether it represents a real threat to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Banaszak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Ilona Górna
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Dagmara Woźniak
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
- Poznan University of Medical Sciences Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Bukowska 70, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
| | - Juliusz Przysławski
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Sławomira Drzymała-Czyż
- Department of Bromatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 3, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
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Awuti K, Wang X, Sha L, Leng X. Exploring the regulatory mechanism of osteoporosis based on intestinal flora: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e32499. [PMID: 36596003 PMCID: PMC9803483 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis is 1 of the common diseases of bone metabolism in clinic. With the aging of the population in China, osteoporosis is becoming more and more serious, and it has become 1 of the major public health problems. However, traditional therapies, such as calcium therapy and estrogen therapy, can cause serious adverse effects and damage to the body when ingested over a long period of time. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore alternative therapies with less side effects in clinical practice. Intestinal flora is a hot topic of research in recent years. It has been studied in inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, depression and so on. Recently, intestinal flora has received increasing attention in the pathways regulating bone metabolism. This paper contains a review of recent studies related to osteoporosis and gut flora in terms of its metabolites, immune, endocrine, and brain-gut axis pathways. The strong association between intestinal flora and bone metabolism suggests, to some extent, that intestinal flora can be a potential target for osteoporosis prevention and treatment, providing new ideas and therapies for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasimu Awuti
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xukai Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liquan Sha
- The Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
- * Liquan Sha, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China ()
| | - Xiangyang Leng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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8
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Sroka N, Rydzewska-Rosołowska A, Kakareko K, Rosołowski M, Głowińska I, Hryszko T. Show Me What You Have Inside-The Complex Interplay between SIBO and Multiple Medical Conditions-A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010090. [PMID: 36615748 PMCID: PMC9824151 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, as a complex of microorganisms in a particular ecosystem, is part of the wider term-microbiome, which is defined as the set of all genetic content in the microbial community. Imbalanced gut microbiota has a great impact on the homeostasis of the organism. Dysbiosis, as a disturbance in bacterial balance, might trigger or exacerbate the course of different pathologies. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a disorder characterized by differences in quantity, quality, and location of the small intestine microbiota. SIBO underlies symptoms associated with functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGD) as well as may alter the presentation of chronic diseases such as heart failure, diabetes, etc. In recent years there has been growing interest in the influence of SIBO and its impact on the whole human body as well as individual systems. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the co-existence of SIBO with different medical conditions. The PubMed database was searched up to July 2022 and we found 580 original studies; inclusion and exclusion criteria let us identify 112 eligible articles, which are quoted in this paper. The present SIBO diagnostic methods could be divided into two groups-invasive, the gold standard-small intestine aspirate culture, and non-invasive, breath tests (BT). Over the years scientists have explored SIBO and its associations with other diseases. Its role has been confirmed not only in gastroenterology but also in cardiology, endocrinology, neurology, rheumatology, and nephrology. Antibiotic therapy could reduce SIBO occurrence resulting not only in the relief of FGD symptoms but also manifestations of comorbid diseases. Although more research is needed, the link between SIBO and other diseases is an important pathway for scientists to follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Sroka
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Mariusz Rosołowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hypertension, Medical University of Białystok, 15-540 Białystok, Poland
| | - Irena Głowińska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
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Sophiabadi M, Rastgoo N, Haghdoost-Yazdi H. Dopaminergic Neuronal Death in Substantia Nigra Associates with Serum Levels of Total Bilirubin, Selenium, and Zinc: Evidences from 6-Hydroxydopamine Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4058-4067. [PMID: 34741694 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03012-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mild to moderate dopaminergic (DA) neuronal death in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) as the main pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is usually silent and does not produce marked clinical symptoms. In this study, we investigated the association between SNc DA neuronal loss and serum levels of total bilirubin (TB), selenium (Se), and zinc (Zn) in 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) animal model of PD. The neurotoxin of 6-OHDA was injected into the medial forebrain bundle of right hemisphere by stereotaxic surgery. Two conventional behavioral tests were carried out in several steps after the toxin to confirm the model reproduction and quantify severity and progress of 6-OHDA-induced PD. Blood samples were collected within 1 week before the toxin and in the second, fifth, and eighth weeks thereafter. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assessments were performed on the rat's brain to determine the severity of DA neuronal loss in SNc. The severity of behavioral symptoms and TB levels were progressively increased in 6-OHDA-treated rats. On the other hand, Se and Zn levels in them were lower than control. These changes were observed in rats with severe or mild behavioral symptoms. Also, IHC revealed that changes in TB, Se, and Zn associate with SNc DA neuronal loss but do not correlate with its severity. Significant changes in serum levels of TB, Se, and Zn in the mild SNc DA neuronal loss suggest them as valuable parameters for establishment of a serum profile for early detection of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Sophiabadi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Rastgoo
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Hashem Haghdoost-Yazdi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, 3414951414, Qazvin, Iran.
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Romo-Vaquero M, Fernández-Villalba E, Gil-Martinez AL, Cuenca-Bermejo L, Espín JC, Herrero MT, Selma MV. Urolithins: potential biomarkers of gut dysbiosis and disease stage in Parkinson's patients. Food Funct 2022; 13:6306-6316. [PMID: 35611932 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo00552b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota alteration (gut dysbiosis) occurs during the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease. Gut dysbiosis biomarkers could be relevant to prodromal disease. Urolithins, anti-inflammatory metabolites produced from some dietary polyphenols by specific gut microbial ecologies (urolithin metabotypes), have been proposed as biomarkers of gut microbiota composition and functionality. However, this has not been explored in Parkinson's disease patients. The current study aimed to assess associations between urolithin metabotypes, gut dysbiosis and disease severity in Parkinson's disease patients. Participants (52 patients and 117 healthy controls) provided stool samples for microbiota sequencing and urine samples for urolithin profiling before and after consuming 30 g of walnuts for three days. Data on demographics, medication, disease duration and Hoehn and Yahr disease stage were collected. We observed a significant gradual increase of urolithin non-producers (metabotype-0) as the disease severity increased. The gut microbiome of metabotype-0 patients and patients with the greatest severity was characterized by a more altered bacterial composition, i.e., increased pro-inflammatory Enterobacteriaceae and reduced protective bacteria against autoimmune and inflammatory processes, including butyrate and urolithin-producing bacteria (Lachnospiraceae members and Gordonibacter). Besides, their microbiome was characterized by predictive functions of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis and metabolism of glutathione, cysteine and methionine that could indirectly reflect the gut pro-inflammatory status. Urolithin detection in urine is a feasible, non-invasive and fast approach that can reflect gut microbiome dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation in Parkinson's disease patients. Our current study could provide novel strategies for improving diagnostics, and for preventing and treating disease progression in microbiota-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Romo-Vaquero
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Emiliano Fernández-Villalba
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Ana-Luisa Gil-Martinez
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Juan Carlos Espín
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - María Trinidad Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, Carretera Buenavista s/n, El Palmar, Murcia 30120, Spain.,Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience, Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
| | - María Victoria Selma
- Laboratory of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
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Konjevod M, Sáiz J, Barbas C, Bergareche A, Ardanaz E, Huerta JM, Vinagre-Aragón A, Erro ME, Chirlaque MD, Abilleira E, Ibarluzea JM, Amiano P. A Set of Reliable Samples for the Study of Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurol 2022; 13:844841. [PMID: 35707037 PMCID: PMC9189395 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.844841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, diagnosed according to the clinical criteria that occur in already advanced stages of PD. The definition of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of PD represents a challenge that might improve treatment and avoid complications in this disease. Therefore, we propose a set of reliable samples for the identification of altered metabolites to find potential prognostic biomarkers for early PD. Methods This case–control study included plasma samples of 12 patients with PD and 21 control subjects, from the Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Navarra cohort, part of the EPIC-Spain study. All the case samples were provided by healthy volunteers who were followed-up for 15.9 (±4.1) years and developed PD disease later on, after the sample collection. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of samples. Results Out of 40 that were selected and studied due to their involvement in established cases of PD, seven significantly different metabolites between PD cases and healthy control subjects were obtained in this study (benzoic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, myo-inositol, sorbitol, and quinolinic acid). These metabolites are related to mitochondrial dysfunction, the oxidative stress, and the mechanisms of energy production. Conclusion We propose the samples from the EPIC study as reliable and invaluable samples for the search of early biomarkers of PD. Likewise, this study might also be a starting point in the establishment of a well-founded panel of metabolites that can be used for the early detection of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Konjevod
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Sáiz
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Jorge Sáiz
| | - Coral Barbas
- Facultad de Farmacia, Centro de Metabolómica y Bioanálisis, Universidad San Pablo-CEU, CEU Universities, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Bergareche
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
- Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium for the Area of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Alberto Bergareche
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ma Huerta
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Vinagre-Aragón
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ma Elena Erro
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Navarra Hospital Complex, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ma Dolores Chirlaque
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eunate Abilleira
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory in Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Comunnicable Diseases Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesús Ma Ibarluzea
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Sub Directorate for Public Health and Addictions of Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Environmental Epidemiology and Child Development Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
- Faculty of Psychology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Ministry of Health of the Basque Government, Public Health Laboratory in Gipuzkoa, San Sebastián, Spain
- Epidemiology of Chronic and Comunnicable Diseases Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
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12
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Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease and affects about 1% of the population over the age of 60 years in industrialised countries. The aim of this review is to examine nutrition in PD across three domains: dietary intake and the development of PD; whole body metabolism in PD and the effects of PD symptoms and treatment on nutritional status. In most cases, PD is believed to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors and although there has been much research in the area, evidence suggests that poor dietary intake is not a risk factor for the development of PD. The evidence about body weight changes in both the prodromal and symptomatic phases of PD is inconclusive and is confounded by many factors. Malnutrition in PD has been documented as has sarcopaenia, although the prevalence of the latter remains uncertain due to a lack of consensus in the definition of sarcopaenia. PD symptoms, including those which are gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal, are known to adversely affect nutritional status. Similarly, PD treatments can cause nausea, vomiting and constipation, all of which can adversely affect nutritional status. Given that the prevalence of PD will increase as the population ages, it is important to understand the interplay between PD, comorbidities and nutritional status. Further research may contribute to the development of interventional strategies to improve symptoms, augment care and importantly, enhance the quality of life for patients living with this complex neurodegenerative disease.
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13
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Korf JM, Ganesh BP, McCullough LD. Gut dysbiosis and age-related neurological diseases in females. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105695. [PMID: 35307514 PMCID: PMC9631958 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, females have been underrepresented in biological research. With increased interest in the gut microbiome and the gut-brain axis, it is important for researchers to pursue studies that consider sex as a biological variable. The composition of the gut microbiome is influenced by environmental factors, disease, diet, and varies with age and by sex. Detrimental changes in the gut microbiome, referred to as dysbiosis, is believed to influence the development and progression of age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, and stroke. Many are investigating the changes in microbial populations in order or to better understand the role of the gut immunity and the microbiome in neurodegenerative diseases, many of which the exact etiology remains elusive, and no cures exist. Others are working to find diagnostic markers for earlier detection, or to therapeutically modulate microbial populations using probiotics. However, while all these diseases present in reproductively senescent females, most studies only use male animals for their experimental design. Reproductively senescent females have been shown to have differences in disease progression, inflammatory responses, and microbiota composition, therefore, for research to be translational to affected populations it is necessary for appropriate models to be used. This review discusses factors that influence the gut microbiome and the gut brain axis in females, and highlights studies that have investigated the role of dysbiosis in age-related neurodegenerative disorders that have included females in their study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle M Korf
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77370, USA; University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Ave, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Bhanu P Ganesh
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77370, USA.
| | - Louise D McCullough
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77370, USA.
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14
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Hadavi D, Borzova M, Siegel TP, Honing M. Uncovering the behaviour of ions in the gas-phase to predict the ion mobility separation of isomeric steroid compounds. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1200:339617. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Santos-Lobato BL, Gardinassi LG, Bortolanza M, Peti APF, Pimentel ÂV, Faccioli LH, Del-Bel EA, Tumas V. Metabolic Profile in Plasma AND CSF of LEVODOPA-induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson's Disease: Focus on Neuroinflammation. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:1140-1150. [PMID: 34855116 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The existence of few biomarkers and the lack of a better understanding of the pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in Parkinson's disease (PD) require new approaches, as the metabolomic analysis, for discoveries. We aimed to identify a metabolic profile associated with LID in patients with PD in an original cohort and to confirm the results in an external cohort (BioFIND). In the original cohort, plasma and CSF were collected from 20 healthy controls, 23 patients with PD without LID, and 24 patients with PD with LID. LC-MS/MS and metabolomics data analysis were used to perform untargeted metabolomics. Untargeted metabolomics data from the BioFIND cohort were analyzed. We identified a metabolic profile associated with LID in PD, composed of multiple metabolic pathways. In particular, the dysregulation of the glycosphingolipid metabolic pathway was more related to LID and was strongly associated with the severity of dyskinetic movements. Furthermore, bile acid biosynthesis metabolites simultaneously found in plasma and CSF have distinguished patients with LID from other participants. Data from the BioFIND cohort confirmed dysregulation in plasma metabolites from the bile acid biosynthesis pathway. There is a distinct metabolic profile associated with LID in PD, both in plasma and CSF, which may be associated with the dysregulation of lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno L Santos-Lobato
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.,Laboratório de Neuropatologia Experimental, Federal University of Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Mariza Bortolanza
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Ferranti Peti
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ângela V Pimentel
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine A Del-Bel
- Department of Basic and Oral Biology, Faculty of Odontology of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Av do Café, S/N, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, CEP: 14049-900, Brazil.
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16
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Moustafa SA, Mohamed S, Dawood A, Azar J, Elmorsy E, Rizk NAM, Salama M. Gut brain axis: an insight into microbiota role in Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:1545-1557. [PMID: 34370175 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00808-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases. It is characterized neuropathologically by the presence of alpha-synuclein containing Lewy Bodies in the substantia nigra of the brain with loss of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra. The presence of alpha-synuclein aggregates in the substantia nigra and the enteric nervous system (ENS) drew attention to the possibility of a correlation between the gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease. The gut-brain axis is a two-way communication system, which explains how through the vagus nerve, the gut microbiota can affect the central nervous system (CNS), including brain functions related to the ENS, as well as how CNS can alter various gut secretions and immune responses. As a result, this dysbiosis or alteration in gut microbiota can be an early sign of PD with reported changes in short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and lipids. This gave rise to the use of probiotics and faecal microbiota transplantation as alternative approaches to improve the symptoms of patients with PD. The aim of this review is to discuss investigations that have been done to explore the gastrointestinal involvement in Parkinson's disease, the effect of dysbiosis, and potential therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ayman Moustafa
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Shrouk Mohamed
- Nanotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Abdelhameed Dawood
- Biotechnology Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Jihan Azar
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University-ARAR, North Region, Arar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A M Rizk
- Molecular, Genetic and Population Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mohamed Salama
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology (IGHHE) Graduate Program, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt.
- Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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17
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Li X, Feng X, Jiang Z, Jiang Z. Association of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:25. [PMID: 33863370 PMCID: PMC8051095 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00420-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease (AD) worldwide. The prevalence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) in PD patients is high. We conducted this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between SIBO and PD. Methods A comprehensive literature search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE databases was performed to identify studies correlating SIBO with PD. Studies were screened, and relevant data were extracted and analysed. We calculated the pooled prevalence of SIBO in all individuals with PD and compared the prevalence of SIBO between the two groups to calculate an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Egger’s test was performed to assess publication bias. Results Eleven studies with 973 participants met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of SIBO in patients with PD was 46% (95% CI 36–56). A random-effects model was applied given the heterogeneity (I2 = 83%) detected among the studies. Egger’s test indicated no publication bias (p = 0.0657). Subgroup analyses showed that the prevalence of SIBO was greater in studies including patients diagnosed using the lactulose hydrogen breath test (LBT) (51%, 95% CI 37–65) than in those including patients diagnosed using the glucose hydrogen breath test (GBT) (35%, 95% CI 20–50), and the prevalence of SIBO in PD was highest (55%, 95% CI 38–72) in patients diagnosed by the LBT and GBT. The prevalence of SIBO was 52% (95% CI 40–64) among patients from Western countries and 33% (95% CI 22–43) among patients from Eastern countries. The pooled OR of SIBO in PD patients compared with healthy controls was 5.22 (95% CI 3.33–8.19, p < 0.00001). We did not identify an obvious predictor of SIBO in PD patients. Conclusion In conclusion, our meta-analysis found a strong association between SIBO and PD with approximately half of PD patients testing positive for SIBO. These relationships significantly differed based on diagnostic test and geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Xin Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhongxiang Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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18
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Shen T, Yue Y, He T, Huang C, Qu B, Lv W, Lai HY. The Association Between the Gut Microbiota and Parkinson's Disease, a Meta-Analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:636545. [PMID: 33643026 PMCID: PMC7907649 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.636545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) were often observed with gastrointestinal symptoms, which preceded the onset of motor symptoms. Neuropathology of PD has also been found in the enteric nervous system (ENS). Many studies have reported significant PD-related alterations of gut microbiota. This meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the differences of gut microbiota between patients with PD and healthy controls (HCs) across different geographical regions. We conducted a systematic online search for case-control studies detecting gut microbiota in patients with PD and HCs. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to access alterations in the abundance of certain microbiota families in PD. Fifteen case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis study. Our results showed significant lower abundance levels of Prevotellaceae (MD = -0.37, 95% CI = -0.62 to -0.11), Faecalibacterium (MD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.24), and Lachnospiraceae (MD = -0.34, 95% CI = -0.59 to -0.09) in patients with PD compared to HCs. Significant higher abundance level of Bifidobacteriaceae (MD = 0.38, 95%; CI = 0.12 to 0.63), Ruminococcaceae (MD = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.07 to 1.10), Verrucomicrobiaceae (MD = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.21 to 0.69), and Christensenellaceae (MD = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.34) was also found in patients with PD. Thus, shared alterations of certain gut microbiota were detected in patients with PD across different geographical regions. These PD-related gut microbiota dysbiosis might lead to the impairment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing process, lipid metabolism, immunoregulatory function, and intestinal permeability, which contribute to the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shen
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumei Yue
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting He
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Department of Sports and Exercise Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Boyi Qu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wen Lv
- Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hsin-Yi Lai
- Department of Neurology of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Interdisciplinary Institute of Neuroscience and Technology, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Neurology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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19
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Rani L, Mondal AC. Unravelling the role of gut microbiota in Parkinson's disease progression: Pathogenic and therapeutic implications. Neurosci Res 2021; 168:100-112. [PMID: 33417973 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, researchers have shown interest in bi-directional interaction between the brain and gut, called "gut-brain axis". Emerging pieces of evidence indicate that disturbances in this axis is found to be associated with the Parkinson's disease (PD). Several clinical investigations revealed the crucial role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD. It has been suggested that aggregation of misfolded protein α-syn, the neuropathological hallmark of PD, might begin in gut and propagates to the CNS via vagus nerve and olfactory bulb. Emerging evidences also suggest that initiation and progression of PD may be due to inflammation originating from gut. It has been shown that microbial gut dysbiosis causes the production of various pathogenic microbial metabolites which elevates pro-inflammatory environment in the gut that promotes neuroinflammation in the CNS. These observations raise the intriguing question - how gut microbial dysbiosis could contribute to PD progression. In this context, various microbiota-targeted therapies are under consideration that can re-establish the intestinal homeostasis which may have greater promise in the prevention and treatment of PD. This review focuses on the role of the gut microbiota in the initiation, progression of PD and current therapeutic intervention to deplete the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchi Rani
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amal Chandra Mondal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India.
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20
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Bile Acids: A Communication Channel in the Gut-Brain Axis. Neuromolecular Med 2020; 23:99-117. [PMID: 33085065 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-020-08625-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids are signalling hormones involved in the regulation of several metabolic pathways. The ability of bile acids to bind and signal through their receptors is modulated by the gut microbiome, since the microbiome contributes to the regulation and synthesis of bile acids as well to their physiochemical properties. From the gut, bacteria have been shown to send signals to the central nervous system via their metabolites, thus affecting the behaviour and brain function of the host organism. In the last years it has become increasingly evident that bile acids affect brain function, during normal physiological and pathological conditions. Although bile acids may be synthesized locally in the brain, the majority of brain bile acids are taken up from the systemic circulation. Since the composition of the brain bile acid pool may be regulated by the action of intestinal bacteria, it is possible that bile acids function as a communication bridge between the gut microbiome and the brain. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms and the physiological roles of bile acids in the central nervous system. The possibility that bile acids may be a direct link between the intestinal microbiome and the brain is also an understudied subject. Here we review the influence of gut bacteria on the bile acid pool composition and properties, as well as striking evidence showing the role of bile acids as neuroactive molecules.
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21
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to highlight the association between gut microbiome and cardiovascular disease (CVD) with emphasis on the possible molecular mechanisms by which how gut microbiome contributes to CVD. RECENT FINDINGS Increasingly, the roles of gut microbiome in cardiovascular health and disease have gained much attention. Most of the investigations focus on how the gut dysbiosis contributes to CVD risk factors and which gut microbial-derived metabolites mediate such effects. SUMMARY In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of gut microbiome contributing to CVD, which include gut microbes translocalization to aortic artery because of gut barrier defect to initiate inflammation and microbial-derived metabolites inducing inflammation-signaling pathway and renal insufficiency. Specifically, we categorize beneficial and deleterious microbial-derived metabolites in cardiovascular health. We also summarize recent findings in the gut microbiome modulation of drug efficacy in treatment of CVD and the microbiome mechanisms by which how physical exercise ameliorates cardiovascular health. Gut microbiome has become an essential component of cardiovascular research and a crucial consideration factor in cardiovascular health and disease.
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22
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Yakhine-Diop SM, Morales-García JA, Niso-Santano M, González-Polo RA, Uribe-Carretero E, Martinez-Chacon G, Durand S, Maiuri MC, Aiastui A, Zulaica M, Ruíz-Martínez J, López de Munain A, Pérez-Tur J, Pérez-Castillo A, Kroemer G, Bravo-San Pedro JM, Fuentes JM. Metabolic alterations in plasma from patients with familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16690-16708. [PMID: 32903216 PMCID: PMC7521510 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The research of new biomarkers for Parkinson's disease is essential for accurate and precocious diagnosis, as well as for the discovery of new potential disease mechanisms and drug targets. The main objective of this work was to identify metabolic changes that might serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of this neurodegenerative disorder. For this, we profiled the plasma metabolome from mice with neurotoxin-induced Parkinson's disease as well as from patients with familial or sporadic Parkinson's disease. By using mass spectrometry technology, we analyzed the complete metabolome from healthy volunteers compared to patients with idiopathic or familial (carrying the G2019S or R1441G mutations in the LRRK2 gene) Parkinson's disease, as well as, from mice treated with 6-hydroxydopamine to induce Parkinson disease. Both human and murine Parkinson was accompanied by an increase in plasma levels of unconjugated bile acids (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid) and purine base intermediary metabolites, in particular hypoxanthine. The comprehensive metabolomic analysis of plasma from Parkinsonian patients underscores the importance of bile acids and purine metabolism in the pathophysiology of this disease. Therefore, plasma measurements of certain metabolites related to these pathways might contribute to the diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sokhna M.S. Yakhine-Diop
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A. Morales-García
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM) “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rosa A. González-Polo
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elisabet Uribe-Carretero
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Martinez-Chacon
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sylvere Durand
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Maria Chiara Maiuri
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Ana Aiastui
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Cell Culture Platform, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain,Neuroscience Area of Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miren Zulaica
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Neuroscience Area of Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Javier Ruíz-Martínez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Neuroscience Area of Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain,Donostia University Hospital, Department of Neurology, OSAKIDETZA, Spain,Ilundain Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Neuroscience Area of Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain,Donostia University Hospital, Department of Neurology, OSAKIDETZA, Spain,Ilundain Foundation, San Sebastian, Spain,Department of Neurosciences, University of the Basque Country UPV-EHU, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC, Unidad de Genética Molecular, Valencia, Spain,Unidad Mixta de Genética y Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Castillo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CSIC-UAM) “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France,Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Inserm U1138, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, France,Suzhou Institute for Systems Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Suzhou, China,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - José M. Bravo-San Pedro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, Cáceres, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain,Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), Cáceres, Spain
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23
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Chen Z, Li G, Liu J. Autonomic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: Implications for pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 134:104700. [PMID: 31809788 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a 200 year-long research history. Our understanding about its clinical phenotype and pathogenesis remains limited, although dopaminergic replacement therapy has significantly improved patient outcomes. Autonomic dysfunction is an essential category of non-motor phenotypes that has recently become a cutting edge field that directs frontier research in PD. In this review, we initially describe the epidemiology of dysautonomic symptoms in PD. Then, we perform a meticulous analysis of the pathophysiology of autonomic dysfunction in PD and propose that the peripheral autonomic nervous system may be a key route for α-synuclein pathology propagation from the periphery to the central nervous system. In addition, we recommend that constipation, orthostatic hypotension, urinary dysfunction, erectile dysfunction, and pure autonomic failure should be viewed as prodromal dysautonomic markers in PD prediction and diagnosis. Finally, we summarize the strategies currently available for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction in PD and suggest that high-quality, better-designed, randomized clinical trials should be conducted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guanglu Li
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital affiliated with the Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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