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Salamony A, Shamikh Y, Amer K, Elnagdy T, Elnakib M, Yehia AA, Hassan W, Abdelsalam M. Are Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Antibodies Friends or Foes for Covid-19 Disease? Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:15. [PMID: 37341786 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Many factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis and severity of COVID-19 pandemic. A wide variation in the susceptibility for SARS-CoV-2 infection among different population, gender and age has been observed. Multiple studies investigated the relationship between the antibody's titre of previously vaccinated individuals and the susceptibility of coronavirus infection, to find a rapid effective therapy for this pandemic. This study focused on the association between measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) antibodies titre and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We aimed to investigate the correlation between the antibody's titre of MMR and the SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and disease severity, in a cohort of COVID-19 Egyptian patients, compared to a control group. MMR antibody titre was measured using enzyme Linked Immune Sorbent Assay; (ELISA) for 136 COVID-19 patients and 44 healthy individuals, as control group. There were high levels of measles and mumps antibodies titer in the deteriorating cases, which could not protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, the rubella antibodies might protect from SARS-CoV-2 infection, but once the infection occurs, it may aggravate the risk of case deterioration. MMR antibodies could be used as a guideline for COVID-19 symptom-severity and, in turn, may be considered as an economic prognostic marker used for early protection from multiple autoimmune organ failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Salamony
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Central Public Health Laboratories, CPHL, Ministry of Health, Cairo, 11613, Egypt
| | - Yara Shamikh
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology, Central Public Health Laboratories, CPHL, Ministry of Health, Cairo, 11613, Egypt
| | - Khaled Amer
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Tarek Elnagdy
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Elnakib
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Abd Allah Yehia
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Wael Hassan
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt
| | - Maha Abdelsalam
- Egypt Centre for Research and Regenerative Medicine, ECRRM, Cairo, 11517, Egypt.
- Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Sahebi L, Hosseini M, Abdollahi A, Farrokhzad N, Fattah Ghazi S, Samaei Noroozi F, Ghiasvand F. Does the rubella immunoglobulin G affect the severity of COVID- 19? : Rubella immunoglobulin G and COVID- 19. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:156. [PMID: 35690730 PMCID: PMC9187882 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02563-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE & AIM The coronavirus disease, so far (COVID-19) has brought about millions of infections and fatalities throughout the world. Our aim was to determine the correlation between rubella IGG titers with the severity COVID-19. MATERIALS & METHODS: This study was conducted among COVID-19 confirmed patients over 18 years of age. The disease severity levels were categorized by WHO interim guidance. The rubella-specific IgG antibody-titer spectrum was measured (within first 48 h of hospitalization) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT In a study of 46 inpatients with varying COVID-19 disease severity (mild, moderate, severe, and critical), we observed a negative correlation between rubella IgG antibody titers and COVID-19 severity (P-Value = 0.017), There was an interaction between COVID-19 vaccination history and rubella IGG on severity COVID-19 (P-Value = 0.0015). There was an interaction between age group under 44 years (including national measles- rubella (MR) vaccination in Iran) and rubella IGG titers on severity COVID-19 too (p-value = 0.014). CONCLUSION In conclusion, MR vaccination seems to have a positive effect in reducing the severity of the disease, emphasizing that, the important and separate effect of the IGG rubella (due to natural or extrinsic immunity) titers is determining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Sahebi
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Hosseini
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Abdollahi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Farrokhzad
- Maternal, Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Family Health Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samrand Fattah Ghazi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Samaei Noroozi
- Central Laboratory, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Ghiasvand
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Cattaruzza E, Radillo L, Ronchese F, Negro C, Rui F, De Michieli P, Larese Filon F. COVID-19 susceptibility and vaccination coverage for measles, rubella and mumps in students and healthcare workers in Trieste hospitals (NE Italy). Vaccine X 2022; 10:100147. [PMID: 35252837 PMCID: PMC8883792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccines have been suggested as preventive measures to protect subjects from the worst sequelae of COVID-19 infection because neutralizing antibodies can cross-react with other viruses. AIM To verify COVID-19 infection in MMR vaccinated and non-vaccinated healthcare workers and medical students in Trieste Hospitals. RESULTS Nurse aids resulted in significantly more infections than structured physicians (OR 1.80; 95% CI 1.14-2.80) while students resulted in less infections (OR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.43-1.01). The presence of an MMR vaccination was inversely associated with COVID-19 (OR, 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.96) but only in univariate analysis. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, MMR vaccination lost statistical significance (OR, 0.86; 95%CI 0.62-1.20).On 13 HCWs hospitalized for COVID-19, 11 resulted not vaccinated for MMR. DISCUSSION Our study found a mild, non-significant reduction in SARS-CoV-2 infections in workers vaccinated with MMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Cattaruzza
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
| | - Lucia Radillo
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
| | - Federico Ronchese
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
| | - Corrado Negro
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Rui
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola De Michieli
- Scuola di Specializzazione in Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste
- Unità Clinica di Medicina del Lavoro, Università di Trieste, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata di Trieste, Italy
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Taheri Soodejani M, Basti M, Tabatabaei SM, Rajabkhah K. Measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and COVID-19: a systematic review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS 2021; 12:35-39. [PMID: 34336136 PMCID: PMC8310886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was performed to investigate published literature about the association between measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine and COVID-19. This is a systematic review in which the databases of Chocrane, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science as well as reliable journals including Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Jama and also Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publications were searched.Out of 169 documents discovered during the literature review, 56 ones were somehow related to the association between MMR vaccine and COVID-19, of which 11 ones mentioned the association between these two, and 8 of them contained a hypothesis about this relationship. A quasi-trial study reported the positive effect of the MMR vaccine on reducing the severity of COVID-19 symptoms among those who received it. Also, a cross-sectional study showed an association between the level of Immunoglobulin G (IgG) mumps and COVID-19. Moreover, a genomic data analysis study also reported the effect of Rubella Immunoglobulin G (IgG) level on COVID-19. It seems that due to the similarity of respiratory diseases including measles, rubella, and mumps to COVID-19, MMR vaccine should be investigated more deeply to see if it is effective in order to deal with this novel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moslem Taheri Soodejani
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd, Iran
| | - Moslem Basti
- Center for Healthcare Data Modeling, Departments of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical SciencesYazd, Iran
| | | | - Kourosh Rajabkhah
- Office for Health Technology Assessment, Health Standards and Tarrifs, Department of Curative Affairs, Ministry of Health and Medical EducationTehran, Iran
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Yessirkepov M, Nurmashev B, Gasparyan AY. HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC. CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS 2021. [DOI: 10.47316/cajmhe.2021.2.1.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
HYPOTHESES AND ETHICS IN THE TIME OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
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López-Martin I, Andrés Esteban E, García-Martínez FJ. Relationship between MMR vaccination and severity of Covid-19 infection. Survey among primary care physicians. MEDICINA CLINICA (ENGLISH ED.) 2021; 156:140-141. [PMID: 33392390 PMCID: PMC7764468 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Andrés Esteban
- Unidad de Manejo del paciente Sangrante, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain
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López-Martin I, Andrés Esteban E, García-Martínez FJ. [Relationship between MMR vaccination and severity of Covid-19 infection. Survey among primary care physicians]. Med Clin (Barc) 2021; 156:140-141. [PMID: 33317876 PMCID: PMC7648498 DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2020.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Andrés Esteban
- Unidad de Manejo del paciente Sangrante, IdiPAZ, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, España
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Ismail MB, Omari SA, Rafei R, Dabboussi F, Hamze M. COVID-19 in children: Could pertussis vaccine play the protective role? Med Hypotheses 2020; 145:110305. [PMID: 33032174 PMCID: PMC7521348 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, diligent efforts are made to understand its attributes and dynamics to help develop treatment and prevention measures. The paradox pertaining to children being the least affected by severe illness poses exciting opportunities to investigate potential protective factors. In this paper, we propose that childhood vaccination against pertussis (whooping cough) might play a non-specific protective role against COVID-19 through heterologous adaptive responses in this young population. Pertussis is a vaccine-preventable infectious disease of the respiratory tract and it shares many similarities with COVID-19 including transmission and clinical features. Although pertussis is caused by a bacterium (Bordetella pertussis) while COVID-19 is a viral infection (SARS-CoV-2), previous data showed that cross-reactivity and heterologous adaptive responses can be seen with unrelated agents of highly divergent groups, such as between bacteria and viruses. While we build the arguments of this hypothesis on theoretical and previous empirical evidence, we also outline suggested lines of research from different fields to test its credibility. Besides, we highlight some concerns that may arise when attempting to consider such an approach as a potential public health preventive intervention against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bachar Ismail
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon; Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sarah Al Omari
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rayane Rafei
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Fouad Dabboussi
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Monzer Hamze
- Laboratoire Microbiologie, Santé et Environnement (LMSE), Doctoral School of Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Public Health, Lebanese University, Tripoli, Lebanon.
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Abstract
The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether any MMR IgG titers are inversely correlated with severity in recovered COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with MMR II. We divided 80 subjects into two groups, comparing MMR titers to recent COVID-19 severity levels. The MMR II group consisted of 50 subjects who would primarily have MMR antibodies from the MMR II vaccine, and a comparison group of 30 subjects consisted of those who would primarily have MMR antibodies from sources other than MMR II, including prior measles, mumps, and/or rubella illnesses. There was a significant inverse correlation (rs = -0.71, P < 0.001) between mumps virus titers (mumps titers) and COVID-19 severity within the MMR II group. There were no significant correlations between mumps titers and severity in the comparison group, between mumps titers and age in the MMR II group, or between severity and measles or rubella titers in either group. Within the MMR II group, mumps titers of 134 to 300 arbitrary units (AU)/ml (n = 8) were found only in those who were functionally immune or asymptomatic; all with mild symptoms had mumps titers below 134 AU/ml (n = 17); all with moderate symptoms had mumps titers below 75 AU/ml (n = 11); all who had been hospitalized and had required oxygen had mumps titers below 32 AU/ml (n = 5). Our results demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between mumps titers from MMR II and COVID-19 severity.IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has presented various paradoxes that, if understood better, may provide clues to controlling the pandemic, even before a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. First, young children are largely spared from severe disease. Second, numerous countries have COVID-19 death rates that are as low as 1% of the death rates of other countries. Third, many people, despite prolonged close contact with someone who is COVID-19 positive, never test positive themselves. Fourth, nearly half of people who test positive for COVID-19 are asymptomatic. Some researchers have theorized that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine may be responsible for these disparities. The significance of our study is that it showed that mumps titers related to the MMR II vaccine are significantly and inversely correlated with the severity of COVID-19-related symptoms, supporting the theorized association between the MMR vaccine and COVID-19 severity.
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Wojcicki JM. The Precious Commodity of Time and Sub-Saharan Africa's Success in Keeping COVID-19 at Bay. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2020; 10:194-197. [PMID: 32954707 PMCID: PMC7509103 DOI: 10.2991/jegh.k.200727.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Most sub-Saharan African countries acted early and aggressively in response to the WHO COVID-19 warning by closing schools, international borders, limiting domestic travel and restricting large gatherings. The six most populous sub-Saharan African countries, at the beginning of July 2020 with the exception of Republic of South Africa, all had relatively modest COVID-19 case counts compared with European, North and South American and some Asian countries in spite of access to more limited medical resources and technologies. Shutdowns or shelter-in-places were put in place for 5 out of 6 countries surveyed well before the first reported COVID-19 death. Timely action to enact comprehensive public health measures are irreplaceable and cannot be substituted by later use of medical resources or technologies. In the case of Republic of South Africa, earlier and multiple instances of virus introduction may have made infection control much more difficult compared with other sub-Saharan African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet M Wojcicki
- Department of Epidemiology and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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