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Cao X, Xiang J, Zhang Q, Liu J, Zhou D, Xu Y, Xu P, Chen B, Bai H. Multidimensional role of adapalene in regulating cell death in multiple myeloma. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1415224. [PMID: 39175546 PMCID: PMC11338798 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1415224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Multiple myeloma (MM) remains a challenging condition to cure, with persistent drug resistance negating the benefits of treatment advancements. The unraveling complexities in programmed cell death (PCD), inclusive of apoptosis, autophagy, and ferroptosis, have highlighted novel therapeutic avenues. Our study focuses on deciphering how adapalene (ADA), a small molecule compound, accelerates the demise of MM cells via targeting their compensatory survival mechanisms. Methods To assess the impact of ADA on MM, we employed flow cytometry and trypan blue exclusion assays to determine cell viabilities across MM cell lines and primary patient samples post-treatment. To delineate ADA's therapeutic targets and mechanisms, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. We further designed pre-clinical trials emphasizing MM, exploring the efficacy of ADA as a standalone and in combination with bortezomib (BTZ). Results ADA elicited a dose-responsive induction of MM cell death. Building upon ADA's anti-MM capabilities as a single agent, we proposed that ADA-BTZ co-treatment might amplify this lethality. Indeed, ADA and BTZ together greatly potentiated MM cell death. ADA proved beneficial in restoring BTZ susceptibility in BTZ-resistant relapsed or refractory MM (RRMM) patient cells. Molecular simulations highlighted ADA's high affinity (-9.17 kcal/mol) for CD138, with MM-GBSA revealing a binding free energy of -27.39 kcal/mol. Detailed interaction analyses indicated hydrogen-bonding of ADA with CD138 at the Asp35 and Gln34 residues. Additionally, ADA emerged as a versatile instigator of both ferroptosis and apoptosis in MM cells. Furthermore, ADA disrupted activation of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway triggered by BTZ, fostering cell death in BTZ-resistant MM subsets. Conclusion ADA demonstrates a comprehensive capability to orchestrate MM cell death, exerting pronounced anti-MM activity while disrupting NF-κB-related drug resistance. ADA sensitization of MM cells to BTZ unravels its potential as a novel therapeutic drug for MM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Cao
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwen Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongming Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Chen
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Bai
- Department of Hematology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Velikova T, Valkov H, Aleksandrova A, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Sekulovski M, Shumnalieva R. Harnessing immunity: Immunomodulatory therapies in COVID-19. World J Virol 2024; 13:92521. [PMID: 38984079 PMCID: PMC11229839 DOI: 10.5501/wjv.v13.i2.92521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
An overly exuberant immune response, characterized by a cytokine storm and uncontrolled inflammation, has been identified as a significant driver of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. Consequently, deciphering the intricacies of immune dysregulation in COVID-19 is imperative to identify specific targets for intervention and modulation. With these delicate dynamics in mind, immunomodulatory therapies have emerged as a promising avenue for mitigating the challenges posed by COVID-19. Precision in manipulating immune pathways presents an opportunity to alter the host response, optimizing antiviral defenses while curbing deleterious inflammation. This review article comprehensively analyzes immunomodulatory interventions in managing COVID-19. We explore diverse approaches to mitigating the hyperactive immune response and its impact, from corticosteroids and non-steroidal drugs to targeted biologics, including anti-viral drugs, cytokine inhibitors, JAK inhibitors, convalescent plasma, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, cell-based therapies (i.e., CAR T, etc.). By summarizing the current evidence, we aim to provide a clear roadmap for clinicians and researchers navigating the complex landscape of immunomodulation in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Hristo Valkov
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital “Tsaritsa Yoanna-ISUL”, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia 1527, Bulgaria
| | | | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Russka Shumnalieva
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinic of Rheumatology, University Hospital "St. Ivan Rilski", Medical University-Sofia, Sofia 1612, Bulgaria
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Abdel Rahman MA, Elghobashy MR, Zaazaa HE, Atty SA, El-Mosallamy SS. Validated HPLC-PDA methodology utilized for simultaneous determination of Etoricoxib and Paracetamol in the presence of Paracetamol toxic impurities. BMC Chem 2022; 16:108. [PMID: 36461095 PMCID: PMC9717564 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Etoricoxib (ETO), Paracetamol (PCM), and two toxic impurities for Paracetamol impurity K (4-aminophenol (PAP)) and impurity E (para-hydroxy acetophenone (PHA)) were separated using a simple and selective HPLC method that was tested for the first time. PCM is a commonly used analgesic and antipyretic medication that has recently been incorporated into COVID-19 supportive treatment. Pharmaceuticals containing PCM in combination with other analgesic-antipyretic drugs like ETO help to improve patient compliance. The studied drugs and impurities were separated on a GL Sciences Inertsil ODS-3 (250 × 4.6) mm, 5.0 µm column, and linear gradient elution was performed using 50 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate adjusted to pH 4.0 with ortho-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile as mobile phase at 2.0 mL/min flow rate at 25 °C and UV detection at 220 nm. The linearity range was 1.5-30.0 µg/mL for ETO and PCM while 0.5-10.0 µg/mL for PAP and PHA, with correlation coefficients (r) for ETO, PCM, PAP, and PHA of 0.9999, 0.9993, 0.9996, and 0.9998, respectively. The proposed method could be used well for routine analysis in quality control laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona A. Abdel Rahman
- grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, PO Box 12858, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed R. Elghobashy
- grid.412319.c0000 0004 1765 2101Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, PO Box 12858, Giza, Egypt ,grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562 PO Egypt
| | - Hala E. Zaazaa
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562 PO Egypt
| | - Shimaa A. Atty
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Egyptian Drug Authority, 51 Wezaret El-Zeraa St, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sally S. El-Mosallamy
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St, Cairo, 11562 PO Egypt
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Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI, Al-Maiahy TJ, Alexiou A, Mukerjee N, Batiha GES. Prostaglandins and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in Covid-19. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2022:1-21. [PMID: 36098621 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2022.2122290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In response to different viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory cytokines, and bioactive lipids are released from infected and immune cells. One of the most critical bioactive lipids is prostaglandins (PGs) which favor perseverance of inflammation leading to chronic inflammation as PGs act as cytokine amplifiers. PGs trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, activate Th cells, recruit immune cells, and increase the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. Therefore, PGs may induce acute and chronic inflammations in various inflammatory disorders and viral infections like SARS-CoV-2. PGs are mainly inhibited by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by blocking cyclooxygenase enzymes (COXs), which involve PG synthesis. NSAIDs reduce inflammation by selective or non-selective blocking activity of COX2 or COX1/2, respectively. In the Covid-19 era, there is a tremendous controversy regarding the use of NSAIDs in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. As well, the possible role of PGs in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection is not well-defined. Thus, the objective of the present study is to review the potential role of PGs and NSAIDs in Covid-19 in a narrative review regarding the preponderance of assorted views.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M Al-Kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Thabat J Al-Maiahy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department Of Gynecology and Obstetrics, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, aghdad, Iraq
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, Australia
| | - Nobendu Mukerjee
- AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
- Department of Microbiology, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda Centenary College, West Bengal, India
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Health Sciences, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Heber-sham, Australia
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Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Spiramycin in LPS-Activated RAW 264.7 Macrophages. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103202. [PMID: 35630676 PMCID: PMC9143090 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Drug repurposing is a simple concept with a long history, and is a paradigm shift that can significantly reduce the costs and accelerate the process of bringing a new small-molecule drug into clinical practice. We attempted to uncover a new application of spiramycin, an old medication that was classically prescribed for toxoplasmosis and various other soft-tissue infections; specifically, we initiated a study on the anti-inflammatory capacity of spiramycin. For this purpose, we used murine macrophage RAW 264.7 as a model for this experiment and investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of spiramycin by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines. In the present study, we demonstrated that spiramycin significantly decreased nitric oxide (NO), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Spiramycin also inhibited the expression of NO synthase (iNOS), potentially explaining the spiramycin-induced decrease in NO production. In addition, spiramycin inhibited the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs); extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) as well as the inactivation and subsequent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). This indicated that spiramycin attenuates macrophages’ secretion of IL-6, IL-1β, and NO, inducing iNOS expression via the inhibition of the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Finally, we tested the potential application of spiramycin as a topical material by human skin primary irritation tests. It was performed on the normal skin (upper back) of 31 volunteers to determine whether 100 μM and μM of spiramycin had irritation or sensitization potential. In these assays, spiramycin did not induce any adverse reactions. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that spiramycin can effectively attenuate the activation of macrophages, suggesting that spiramycin could be a potential candidate for drug repositioning as a topical anti-inflammatory agent.
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Kopańska M, Batoryna M, Bartman P, Szczygielski J, Banaś-Ząbczyk A. Disorders of the Cholinergic System in COVID-19 Era-A Review of the Latest Research. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020672. [PMID: 35054856 PMCID: PMC8775685 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The appearance of the SARS-CoV-2 virus initiated many studies on the effects of the virus on the human body. So far, its negative influence on the functioning of many morphological and physiological units, including the nervous system, has been demonstrated. Consequently, research has been conducted on the changes that SARS-CoV-2 may cause in the cholinergic system. The aim of this study is to review the latest research from the years 2020/2021 regarding disorders in the cholinergic system caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. As a result of the research, it was found that the presence of the COVID-19 virus disrupts the activity of the cholinergic system, for example, causing the development of myasthenia gravis or a change in acetylcholine activity. The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein has a sequence similar to neurotoxins, capable of binding nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). This may be proof that SARS-CoV-2 can bind nAChR. Nicotine and caffeine have similar structures to antiviral drugs, capable of binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) epitopes that are recognized by SARS-CoV-2, with the potential to inhibit the formation of the ACE 2/SARS-CoV-2 complex. The blocking is enhanced when nicotine and caffeine are used together with antiviral drugs. This is proof that nAChR agonists can be used along with antiviral drugs in COVID-19 therapy. As a result, it is possible to develop COVID-19 therapies that use these compounds to reduce cytokine production. Another promising therapy is non-invasive stimulation of the vagus nerve, which soothes the body’s cytokine storm. Research on the influence of COVID-19 on the cholinergic system is an area that should continue to be developed as there is a need for further research. It can be firmly stated that COVID-19 causes a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, which leads to a need for further research, because there are many promising therapies that will prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus from binding to the nicotinic receptor. There is a need for further research, both in vitro and in vivo. It should be noted that in the functioning of the cholinergic system and its connection with the activity of the COVID-19 virus, there might be many promising dependencies and solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Kopańska
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Batoryna
- Sensusmed, Psychotherapy and Neurorehabilitation Center, 30-084 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Paulina Bartman
- Students Science Club “Reh-Tech”, University of Rzeszow, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
| | - Jacek Szczygielski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Saarland University, 66424 Homburg, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Banaś-Ząbczyk
- Departament of Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College of Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland;
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