1
|
Perez-Favila A, Garza-Veloz I, Hernandez-Marquez LDS, Gutierrez-Vela EF, Flores-Morales V, Martinez-Fierro ML. Antifibrotic Drugs against Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by COVID-19: Therapeutic Approaches and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1562. [PMID: 38338840 PMCID: PMC10855955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on the health and economy of the global population. Even after recovery from the disease, post-COVID-19 symptoms, such as pulmonary fibrosis, continue to be a concern. This narrative review aims to address pulmonary fibrosis (PF) from various perspectives, including the fibrotic mechanisms involved in idiopathic and COVID-19-induced pulmonary fibrosis. On the other hand, we also discuss the current therapeutic drugs in use, as well as those undergoing clinical or preclinical evaluation. Additionally, this article will address various biomarkers with usefulness for PF prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis, and severity assessment in order to provide better treatment strategies for patients with this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro
- Doctorado en Ciencias con Orientación en Medicina Molecular, Unidad Académica de Medicina Humana y CS, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas 98160, Mexico; (A.P.-F.); (I.G.-V.); (L.d.S.H.-M.); (E.F.G.-V.); (V.F.-M.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lazar M, Barbu EC, Chitu CE, Tiliscan C, Stratan L, Arama SS, Arama V, Ion DA. Interstitial Lung Fibrosis Following COVID-19 Pneumonia. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12082028. [PMID: 36010377 PMCID: PMC9407299 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12082028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pulmonary fibrosis represents a stage of normal physiologic response to inflammatory aggression, mostly self-limiting and reversible; however, numerous patients treated for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia present after release from hospital residual lung fibrosis. In this article, we aim to present an optimization method for evaluating pulmonary fibrosis by quantitative analysis, to identify the risk factors/predictors for pulmonary fibrosis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to characterize the impact of pulmonary fibrosis on the symptomatology of patients after release from the hospital. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective observational study on 100 patients with severe forms of pneumonia, with a control group of 61 non-COVID normal patients. Results: We found persistent interstitial changes consistent with fibrotic changes in 69% of patients. The risk of fibrosis was proportional to the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and to the duration of hospitalization. The imaging parameters correlated with increased risk for interstitial fibrosis were the number of affected pulmonary lobes and the percent of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: The main risk factors for pulmonary fibrosis post-COVID-19 identified in our study are increased ESR, CRP, LDH, duration of hospitalization and the severity of pneumonia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Lazar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Ecaterina Constanta Barbu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Emilia Chitu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Catalin Tiliscan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Stratan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sorin Stefan Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victoria Arama
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Prof. Dr. Matei Bals, No. 1, Calistrat Grozovici Street, Sector 2, 021105 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Adriana Ion
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, No. 37, Dionisie Lupu Street, Sector 2, 020021 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|