Influence of heat-treatment on CO2 separation performance of novel fixed carrier composite membranes prepared by interfacial polymerization

Polymeric composite membranes in carbon dioxide capture process: a review

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission to the atmosphere is the prime cause of certain environmental issues like global warming and climate change, in the present day scenario. Capturing CO₂ from various stationary industrial emission sources is one of the initial steps to control the aforementioned problems. For this concern, a variety of resources, such as liquid absorbents, solid adsorbents, and membranes, have been utilized for CO₂ capturing from various emission sources. Focused on membrane-based CO₂ capture, polymeric membranes with composite structure (polymeric composite membrane) offer a better performance in CO₂ capturing process than other membranes, due to the composite structure it offers higher gas flux and less material usage, thus facile to use high performed expensive material for membrane fabrication and achieved good efficacy in CO₂ capture. This compressive review delivers the utilization of different polymeric composite membranes in CO₂ capturing applications. Further, the types of polymeric materials used and the different physicochemical modifications of those membrane materials and their CO₂ capturing ability are briefly discussed in the text. In conclusion, the current status and possible perspective ways to improve the CO₂ capture process in industrial CO₂ gas separation applications are described in this review.

Modified Graphene Oxide-Incorporated Thin-Film Composite Hollow Fiber Membranes through Interface Polymerization on Hydrophilic Substrate for CO2 Separation

Thin-film composite mixed matrix membranes (CMMMs) were fabricated using interfacial polymerization to achieve high permeance and selectivity for CO₂ separation. This study revealed the role of substrate properties on performance, which are not typically considered important. In order to enhance the affinity between the substrate and the coating solution during interfacial polymerization and increase the selectivity of CO₂, a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dopamine (DOPA) was subjected to a spinning process. Then, the surface of the substrate was subjected to interfacial polymerization using polyethyleneimine (PEI), trimesoyl chloride (TMC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The effect of adding SDS as a surfactant on the structure and gas permeation properties of the fabricated membranes was examined. Thin-film composite hollow fiber membranes containing modified graphene oxide (mGO) were fabricated, and their characteristics were analyzed. The membranes exhibited very promising separation performance, with CO₂ permeance of 73 GPU and CO₂/N₂ selectivity of 60. From the design of a membrane substrate for separating CO₂, the CMMMs hollow fiber membrane was optimized using the active layer and mGO nanoparticles through interfacial polymerization.

MOF-Mediated Interfacial Polymerization to Fabricate Polyamide Membranes with a Homogeneous Nanoscale Striped Turing Structure for CO2/CH4 Separation

Control of the surface morphology of polyamide membranes fabricated by interfacial polymerization is of great importance in dictating the separation performance. Herein, polyamide membranes with a specific nanoscale striped Turing structure are generated through facile addition of Zr-based metal-organic framework UiO-66-NH₂ in the aqueous triethylenetetramine phase. Interestingly, accompanied by the degradation of UiO-66-NH₂ in aqueous solution, an intermediate complex is in situ formed through the strong interaction between the Zr metal center and the amine group from triethylenetetramine, which can lower amine diffusion and induce a local interfacial reaction, contributing to the generation of a homogeneous nanoscale striped Turing structure. The resulting membranes are used for CO₂/CH₄ gas separation. Compared with the parent polyamide membrane displaying a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 43.1 and a CO₂ permeance of 31.5 GPU, the membrane with 0.02 wt % of UiO-66-NH₂ introduced into the aqueous phase shows a higher CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 58.3, along with a CO₂ permeance of 27.1 GPU. Additionally, when 0.1 wt % of UiO-66-NH₂ is incorporated into the aqueous phase, the membrane exhibits a combination of a higher CO₂/CH₄ selectivity and an enhanced CO₂ permeance in contrast with the parent polyamide membrane.

CO₂ Separation in Nanocomposite Membranes by the Addition of Amidine and Lactamide Functionalized POSS® Nanoparticles into a PVA Layer

In this article, we studied two different types of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS^®) functionalized nanoparticles as additives for nanocomposite membranes for CO₂ separation. One with amidine functionalization (Amidino POSS^®) and the second with amine and lactamide groups functionalization (Lactamide POSS^®). Composite membranes were produced by casting a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) layer, containing either amidine or lactamide functionalized POSS^® nanoparticles, on a polysulfone (PSf) porous support. FTIR characterization shows a good compatibility between the nanoparticles and the polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show an increment of the crystalline regions. Both the degree of crystallinity (Xc) and the alpha star transition, associated with the slippage between crystallites, increase with the content of nanoparticles in the PVA selective layer. These crystalline regions were affected by the conformation of the polymer chains, decreasing the gas separation performance. Moreover, lactamide POSS^® shows a higher interaction with PVA, inducing lower values in the CO₂ flux. We have concluded that the interaction of the POSS^® nanoparticles increased the crystallinity of the composite membranes, thereby playing an important role in the gas separation performance. Moreover, these nanocomposite membranes did not show separation according to a facilitated transport mechanism as expected, based on their functionalized amino-groups, thus, solution-diffusion was the main mechanism responsible for the transport phenomena.

Casting of a superhydrophobic membrane composed of polysulfone/Cera flava for improved desalination using a membrane distillation process

Superhydrophobic membranes are necessary for effective membrane-based seawater desalination. This paper presents the successful fabrication of a novel electrospun nanofibrous membrane composed of polysulfone and Cera flava, which represents a novel class of enhanced performance membranes consisting of a superhydrophobic nanofibrous layer and hydrophobic polypropylene (PP). Cera flava, which helps lower the surface energy, was found to be the ideal additive for increasing the hydrophobicity of the polysulfone (PSF) polymeric solution because of its components such as long-chain hydrocarbons, free acids, esters, and internal chain methylene carbons. In the fabricated membrane, consisting of 10 v/v% Cera flava, the top PSF–CF nanofibrous layer is active and the lower PP layer is supportive. The hybrid membrane possesses superhydrophobicity, with an average contact angle of approximately 162°, and showed high performance in terms of rejection and water flux. This work also examined the surface area, pore size distribution, fiber diameter, surface roughness, mechanical strength, water flux, and rejection percentage of the membrane. The salt rejection was above 99.8%, and a high permeate flux of approximately 6.4 LMH was maintained for 16 h of operation.

Superhydrophobic membranes for effective MD desalination.

Polyamide thin film composite membrane using mixed amines of thiourea and m-phenylenediamine

Polyamide TFC membranes were prepared on porous polyethersulfone support via interfacial polymerization between trimesoyl chloride and an amine mixture. Under optimal conditions, the membranes show good separation performance and excellent chlorine resistance.

Facilitated transport of CO2 through novel imidazole-containing chitosan derivative/PES membranes

Here, a new imidazole alkyl derivative of chitosan (Im-CS) is synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. This derivative was blended with polyethersulfone (PES) to fabricate newly integrally skinned PES membranes.

Thin film nanocomposite embedded with polymethyl methacrylate modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes for CO2 removal

Thin film nanocomposite loaded with milled polymethyl methacrylate grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes achieved 29%, 47% and 9% increment in CO₂ permeance, CO₂/N₂ and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity respectively compared to its thin film composite counterpart.

Interfacially polymerized layers for oxygen enrichment: a method to overcome Robeson's upper-bound limit

Interfacial polymerization of four aqueous phase monomers, diethylenetriamine (DETA), m-phenylenediamine (mPD), melamine (Mela), and piperazine (PIP), and two organic phase monomers, trimethyl chloride (TMC) and cyanuric chloride (CC), produce a thin-film composite membrane of polymerized polyamide layer capable of O2/N2 separation. To achieve maximum efficiency in gas permeance and O2/N2 permselectivity, the concentrations of monomers, time of interfacial polymerization, number of reactive groups in monomers, and the structure of monomers need to be optimized. By controlling the aqueous/organic monomer ratio between 1.9 and 2.7, we were able to obtain a uniformly interfacial polymerized layer. To achieve a highly cross-linked layer, three reactive groups in both the aqueous and organic phase monomers are required; however, if the monomers were arranged in a planar structure, the likelihood of structural defects also increased. On the contrary, linear polymers are less likely to result in structural defects, and can also produce polymer layers with moderate O2/N2 selectivity. To minimize structural defects while maximizing O2/N2 selectivity, the planar monomer, TMC, containing 3 reactive groups, was reacted with the semirigid monomer, PIP, containing 2 reactive groups to produce a membrane with an adequate gas permeance of 7.72 × 10(-6) cm(3) (STP) s(-1) cm(-2) cm Hg(-1) and a high O2/N2 selectivity of 10.43, allowing us to exceed the upper-bound limit of conventional thin-film composite membranes.

High-performance membranes with multi-permselectivity for CO2 separation

Multi-permselective membranes with diffusivity-selectivity, solubility-selectivity, and reactivity-selectivity for CO(2) separation are prepared by interfacial polymerization. The membranes are able to efficiently separate CO(2) from various light gases (H(2) , CH(4) and N(2) ) due to the optimized membrane structure and the comprehensive utilization of distinctions between CO(2) and light gases in size, condensability, and reactivity.