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Tsai CW, Huang HC, Chiang HY, Chung CW, Chiu HT, Liang CC, Yu T, Kuo CC. First-year estimated glomerular filtration rate variability after pre-end-stage renal disease program enrollment and adverse outcomes of chronic kidney disease. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 34:2066-2078. [PMID: 29982714 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfy200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scarce evidence associates the first-year estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) variability and longitudinal change scales concomitantly to the risk of developing end-stage renal disease (ESRD), acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and death following pre-ESRD program enrollment in chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study of 5092 CKD patients receiving multidisciplinary care between 2003 and 2015 with careful ascertainment of ESRD, ACS and death during the follow-up. First-year eGFR variability and longitudinal change scales that were based on all first-year eGFR measurements included coefficient of variation of eGFR (eGFR-CV), percent change (eGFR-PC), absolute difference (eGFR-AD), slope (eGFR-slope) and area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 786 incident ESRD, 292 ACS and 410 death events occurred during the follow-up. In the multiple Cox regression, the fully adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) of progression to ESRD for each unit change in eGFR-CV, eGFR-PC, eGFR-AD, eGFR-slope, eGFR-AUC were 1.03 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.04], 1.04 (1.03-1.04), 1.16 (1.14-1.18), 1.16 (1.14-1.17) and 1.04 (1.03-1.04), respectively. The adjusted HRs for incident ESRD comparing the extreme with the reference quartiles of eGFR-CV, eGFR-PC, eGFR-AD, eGFR-slope and eGFR-AUC were 2.67 (95% CI 2.11-3.38), 8.34 (6.33-10.98), 19.08 (11.89-30.62), 13.08 (8.32-20.55) and 6.35 (4.96-8.13), respectively. Similar direction of the effects on the risk of developing ACS and mortality was observed. In the 2 × 2 risk matrices, patients with the highest quartile of eGFR-CV and concomitantly with the most severely declining quartiles of any other longitudinal eGFR change scale had the highest risk of all outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The dynamics of eGFR changes, both overall variability and longitudinal changes, over the first year following pre-ESRD program enrollment are crucial prognostic factors for the risk of progression to ESRD, ACS and deaths among patients with CKD. A risk matrix combining the first-year eGFR variability and longitudinal change scales following pre-ESRD enrollment is a novel approach for risk characterization in CKD care. Randomized trials in CKD may be required to ascertain comparable baseline eGFR dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yin Chiang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chung
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsai Chiu
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chia Liang
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Yu
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Wu PH, Yu A, Tsai CW, Koh JL, Kuo CC, Chen ALP. Keyword extraction and structuralization of medical reports. Health Inf Sci Syst 2020; 8:18. [PMID: 32269770 DOI: 10.1007/s13755-020-00108-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In recent years, patients usually accept more accurate and detailed examinations because of the rapid advances in medical technology. Many of the examination reports are not represented in numerical data, but text documents written by the medical examiners based on the observations from the instruments and biochemical tests. If the above-mentioned unstructured data can be organized as a report in a structured form, it will help doctors to understand a patient's status of the various examinations more efficiently. Besides, further association analysis on the structuralized data can be performed to identify potential factors that affect a disease. Methods In this paper, from the pathology examination reports of renal diseases, we applied the POS tagging results of natural language analysis to automatically extract the keyword phrases. Then a medical dictionary for various examination items in an examination report is established, which is used as the basic information for retrieving the terms to construct a structured form of the report. Moreover, a topical probability modeling method is applied to automatically discover the candidate keyword phrases of the examination items from the reports. Finally, a system is implemented to generate the structured form for the various examination items in a report according to the constructed medical dictionary. Results and conclusion The results of the experiments showed that the methods proposed in this paper can effectively construct a structural form of examination reports. Furthermore, the keywords of the popular examination items can be extracted correctly. The above techniques will help automatic processing and analysis of medical text reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Hao Wu
- 1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Avon Yu
- 1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- 2Big Data Center and Nephrology Division, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ling Koh
- 1Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- 2Big Data Center and Nephrology Division, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Arbee L P Chen
- 3Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chou HW, Chiu HT, Tsai CW, Ting IW, Yeh HC, Huang HC, Kuo CC. Comparative effectiveness of allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone on renal function in chronic kidney disease patients with hyperuricemia: a 13-year inception cohort study. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:1620-1627. [PMID: 29165620 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Direct comparisons of the effectiveness of allopurinol with that of other urate-lowering agents in chronic kidney disease (CKD) populations, as well as guideline recommendations for clinical practice, are lacking. Methods We constructed a pharmacoepidemiology cohort study by including patients from Taiwan's long-term integrated CKD care program to compare the effectiveness among allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone in reducing the risk of progression to dialysis. A total of 874 patients with hyperuricemia who were newly treated with allopurinol, febuxostat or benzbromarone were included. The primary and secondary outcomes were incident end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and the serum uric acid (SUA) changes from baseline, respectively. The results were analyzed using multiple Cox proportional models adjusted for multinomial propensity scores. For subgroup analyses, we further stratified patients according to whether their latest SUA level reached the therapeutic target. Results Compared with allopurinol, benzbromarone therapy was associated with a reduced risk of progression to dialysis, the adjusted hazard ratio was 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.25-0.99). Patients who received allopurinol or febuxostat exhibited a comparable risk of ESRD [adjusted hazard ratio, 0.99 (0.40-2.44)]. Febuxostat was significantly more potent than allopurinol or benzbromarone in lowering SUA levels in the fully adjusted model. Among patients who reached the therapeutic target, those with febuxostat and benzbromarone initiation had a significantly lower risk of ESRD. Conclusions In conclusion, compared with conventional allopurinol, febuxostat and benzbromarone may be more effective in reducing the risk of progression to dialysis and in lowering SUA levels in CKD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Wen Chou
- Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsai Chiu
- Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Ting
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Tsai CW, Chiu HT, Huang HC, Ting IW, Yeh HC, Kuo CC. Uric acid predicts adverse outcomes in chronic kidney disease: a novel insight from trajectory analyses. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2019; 33:231-241. [PMID: 29140472 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfx297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Very little is known about longitudinal trajectories of serum uric acid (SUA) over the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to determine whether longitudinal SUA trajectories are associated with the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and all-cause mortality among CKD patients. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study from a 13-year multidisciplinary pre-ESRD care registry. The final study population consisted of 5090 CKD patients aged 20-90 years between 2003 and 2015. An individual's SUA trajectory was defined by group-based trajectory modeling in four distinct patterns: high, moderate-high, moderate and low. Time to ESRD and death was analyzed by multiple Cox regression. Results A total of 948 ESRD events and 472 deaths occurred with incidence rates of 57.9 and 28.7 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Compared with those with a low SUA trajectory, the adjusted hazard ratio of patients for incident ESRD was in a dose-response manner as follows: moderate, 1.89 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.37-2.60]; moderate-high, 2.49 (1.75-3.55); and high, 2.84 (1.81-4.47); after considering the competing risk of death. For all-cause mortality, the corresponding risk estimate of the same SUA trajectory was 1.38 (95% CI, 0.89-2.12), 1.95 (1.22-3.10) and 4.52 (2.48-8.26), respectively. The unfavorable effect of elevated SUA trajectories on progression to ESRD was differentially higher among CKD patients without using urate-lowering agents at baseline (P for interaction = 0.018). Conclusions Elevated SUA trajectories are associated with accelerated kidney failure and all-cause mortality in CKD patients. Adequate experimental evidence is urgently needed to inform when and how to optimize SUA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsai Chiu
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Ting
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Yeh
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Clinical Research Outcome and Training Center, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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5
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Tsai CW, Huang HC, Chiang HY, Chung CW, Chang SN, Chu PL, Kuo CC. Longitudinal lipid trends and adverse outcomes in patients with CKD: a 13-year observational cohort study. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:648-660. [PMID: 30642880 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p084590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on the effects of longitudinal lipid trajectories on end-stage renal disease (ESRD) development and deaths among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. We conducted a registry-based prospective study using data from a 13-year multidisciplinary pre-ESRD care program. The final study population comprised 4,647 patients with CKD. Using group-based trajectory modeling, we dichotomized longitudinal trajectories of total cholesterol (T-CHO), triglyceride (TG), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C). Time to ESRD or death was analyzed using multiple Cox regression. At baseline, higher levels of T-CHO and LDL-C were associated with rapid progression to ESRD, whereas only HDL-C was positively associated with all-cause mortality [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.36; P-value, 0.005]. Compared with those with a normal T-CHO trajectory, the fully adjusted HR of patients with a high T-CHO trajectory for ESRD risk was 1.21 (P-value, 0.019). Subgroup analysis showed that a high TG trajectory was associated with a 49% increase in mortality risk in CKD patients without diabetes (P-value for interaction, 0.012). In contrast to what was observed based on baseline HDL-C, patients with a trajectory of frequent hypo-HDL cholesterolemia had higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR, 1.53; P-value, 0.014). Thus, only T-CHO, both at baseline and over the longitudinal course, demonstrated a significant potential risk of incident ESRD. The inconsistency in the observed directions of association between baseline levels and longitudinal trajectories of HDL-C warrants further research to unveil specific pathogenic mechanisms underlying the HDL-C metabolism in patients with CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Wei Chung
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ni Chang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Lun Chu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan .,School of Medicine Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Big Data Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan .,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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6
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Tsai CW, Huang HC, Tien N, Chung CW, Chiu HT, Yeh HC, Kuo CC. Longitudinal progression trajectory of random urine creatinine as a novel predictor of ESRD among patients with CKD. Clin Chim Acta 2018; 489:144-153. [PMID: 30529604 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical importance of random urine creatinine concentration in CKD population remains undetermined. Earlier studies found that lower 24-h urine creatinine excretion was associated with the risk of ESRD and all-cause mortality among CKD patients. METHODS We modeled the longitudinal trajectories of serial random urine creatinine among 4689 CKD patients enrolled in a national registry-based pre-ESRD program between 2003 and 2015 at a tertiary medical center. Other biochemical parameters including kidney function and serum albumin were regularly evaluated. Primary study outcomes were ESRD requiring maintenance dialysis and all-cause mortality. RESULTS By group-based trajectory modeling, the urine creatinine trajectories were characterized into three patterns: (1) stable low; (2) medium; and (3) high-declining. The adjusted hazard ratio of incident ESRD and all-cause mortality increased by 6% (95% CI: 1-12%) and 9% (95% CI: 2-17%), respectively, for each 20 mg/dL reduction in baseline random urine creatinine concentration. Consistently, there was a significant inverse linear dose-response relationship between baseline random urine creatinine and incident ESRD, but not all-cause mortality. Compared to patients with "medium" and "high-declining" urine creatinine trajectories combined, the adjusted hazard ratio for incidental ESRD among patients with a "stable-low" trajectory who had serial random urine creatinine concentrations stably below 100 mg/dL was 1.46 (95% CI: 1.00-2.12) after considering the competing risk of death. CONCLUSIONS Random urine creatinine not only serves as a common urinary concentration corrector but has its own clinical significance in risk stratification and outcome prediction in patients with advanced CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chun Huang
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chung
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Tsai Chiu
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Yeh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Tsai CW, Lin ZW, Chang WF, Chen YF, Hu WW. Development of an indolicidin-derived peptide by reducing membrane perturbation to decrease cytotoxicity and maintain gene delivery ability. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 165:18-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hu WW, Yeh CC, Tsai CW. The conjugation of indolicidin to polyethylenimine for enhanced gene delivery with reduced cytotoxicity. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5781-5794. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01408f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The hydrophobic domains of conjugated peptides can stabilize their insertion into the cell membrane to promote transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
- Center for Biocellular Engineering
| | - Chiao-Chun Yeh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering
- National Central University
- Taoyuan City
- Taiwan
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Yeh HC, Ting IW, Tsai CW, Wu JY, Kuo CC. Serum lactate level and mortality in metformin-associated lactic acidosis requiring renal replacement therapy: a systematic review of case reports and case series. BMC Nephrol 2017; 18:229. [PMID: 28693440 PMCID: PMC5504722 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-017-0640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The current practice concerning timing, mode, and dose of renal replacement therapy (RRT) in patients with metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA) with renal failure remains unknown. To investigate whether serum lactate level and prescription pattern of RRT are associated with mortality in patients with MALA requiring RRT. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline and EMBASE from inception to Sep 2014 and applied predetermined exclusion criteria. Case-level data including case’s demographics and clinical information related to MALA were abstracted. Multiple logistic regression modeling was used to examine the predictors of mortality. Results A total of 253 unique cases were identified with cumulative mortality of 17.2%. Eighty-seven percent of patients had acute kidney injury. Serum lactate level was significantly higher in non-survivors (median 22.5 mmol/L) than in survivors (17.0 mmol/L, p-value <0.01) and so did the median blood metformin concentrations (58.5 vs. 43.9 mg/L, p-value = 0.05). The survival advantage was not significantly different between the modalities of RRT. The adjusted odds ratio of mortality for every one mmol/L increase in serum lactate level was 1.09 (95% CI 1.02–1.17, p-value = 0.01). The dose-response curve indicated a lactate threshold greater than 20 mmol/L was significantly associated with mortality. Conclusions Our study suggests that predialysis level of serum lactate level is an important marker of mortality in MALA patients requiring RRT with a linear dose-response relationship. To better evaluate the optimal prescription of RRT in MALA, we recommend fostering an international consortium to support prospective research and large-scale standardized case collection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12882-017-0640-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chieh Yeh
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Ting
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan.,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Yu Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, 2, Yude Rd., North Dist, Taichung City, 404, Taiwan. .,Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Tsai CW, Ting IW, Yeh HC, Kuo CC. Longitudinal change in estimated GFR among CKD patients: A 10-year follow-up study of an integrated kidney disease care program in Taiwan. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173843. [PMID: 28380035 PMCID: PMC5381774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using average annual decline in estimated GFR (eGFR) and its risk factors in a 10-year follow-up CKD cohort. METHODS A prospective, observational cohort study, 4600 individuals fulfilled the definition of CKD, with or without proteinuria, were followed for 10 years. The eGFR was estimated by the MDRD equation. Linear regression was used to estimate participants' annual decline rate in eGFR. We defined subjects with annual eGFR decline rate <1 ml/min/1.73 m2 as non-progression and the decline rate over 3 ml/min/1.73 m2 as rapid progression. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 2870 (62.4%) individuals had annual eGFR decline rate greater than 1 ml/min/1.73 m2. The eGFR decline rate was slower in individuals with CKD diagnosed over the age of 60 years than those with onset at a younger age. Comparing to subjects with decline rate <1 ml/min/1.73 m2/year, the odds ratio (OR) of developing rapid CKD progression for diabetes, proteinuria and late onset of CKD was 1.72 (95% CI: 1.48-2.00), 1.89(1.63-2.20) and 0.68 (0.56-0.81), respectively. When the model was adjusted for the latest CKD stage, comparing to those with CKD stage 1, patients with stage 4 and stage 5 have significantly higher risks for rapid progression (OR, 5.17 (2.60-10.25), 19.83 (10.05-39.10), respectively). However, such risk was not observed among patients with the latest CKD stage 2 and 3. The risk for incident ESRD was 17% higher for each 1 ml/min/1.73 m2 increasing in annual decline rate. CONCLUSIONS Not everyone with CKD develops ESRD after a 10-year follow-up. Absolute annual eGFR decline rate can help clinicians to better predict the progression of CKD. Individuals with renal function decline rate over 3 ml/min/1.73 m2/year require intensive CKD care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Ting
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chieh Yeh
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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11
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Tsai CW, Lin SY, Kuo CC, Huang CC. Serum Uric Acid and Progression of Kidney Disease: A Longitudinal Analysis and Mini-Review. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170393. [PMID: 28107415 PMCID: PMC5249245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increasing evidence supports the association between hyperuricemia and incident chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, there are conflicting data regarding the role of hyperuricemia in the progression of CKD. This study retrospectively assessed the longitudinal association between uric acid (UA) level and CKD progression in a Chinese population lived in Taiwan. Methods Patients with physician diagnosis of hyperuricemia or receiving urate-lowering therapy between 2003 and 2005 were identified in the electronic medical records (EMR) of a tertiary medical center and were followed up until December 31, 2011. Patients were divided into four UA categories at the cut-off 6, 8, and 10 mg/dL. CKD progression was estimated by the change of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the linear mixed models. Kidney failure was defined as an eGFR less than 15 mL/min/1.73 m2 or requiring renal replacement therapy. Results A total of 739 patients were analyzed. In the full-adjusted model, patients with a baseline UA level ≥6 mg/dL had greater decline in eGFR ((β = -9.6, 95% CI -16.1, -3.1), comparing to those with a UA level less than 6 mg/dL. When stratifying patients into four UA categories, all three hyperuricemia categories (UA6-8, 8–10, ≥10 mg/dL) associated with a greater decline in eGFR over the follow-up period with an increasing dose-response, comparing to the lowest UA category. The risk of progression to renal failure increased 7% (hazard ratio 1.07, 95% CI 1.00, 1.14) for each 1mg/dL increase in baseline UA level. The influences of hyperuricemia on eGFR decline and the risk of kidney failure were more prominent in patients without proteinuria than those with proteinuria. Conclusion Our study showed a higher uric acid level is associated with a significant rapid decline in eGFR and a higher risk of kidney failure, particularly in patients without proteinuria. Our findings suggest hyperuricemia is a potential modifiable factor of CKD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Big Data Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiu-Ching Huang
- Division of Nephrology and Kidney Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Venault A, Ye CC, Lin YC, Tsai CW, Jhong JF, Ruaan RC, Higuchi A, Chinnathambi A, Ho HT, Chang Y. Zwitterionic fibrous polypropylene assembled with amphiphatic carboxybetaine copolymers for hemocompatible blood filtration. Acta Biomater 2016; 40:130-141. [PMID: 26826530 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The present study serves three main functions. First, it presents a novel random copolymer, made of octadecyl acrylate hydrophobic blocks and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate hydrophilic groups, and it zwitterionic form. Second, random copolymer and zwitterionic random copolymer, OmDn and Z-OmDn, are used to modify polypropylene membranes by evaporation coating. Our investigations unveil that this method leads to sufficiently stable self-assembling provided a minimum number of hydrophobic repeat units of 77, which also corresponds to a hydrophobic degree of 74%. Third, antifouling and hemocompatible properties of membranes are thoroughly investigated using all types of blood cells separately, as well as challenging membranes against whole blood in static and dynamic conditions. Membranes modified with zwitterionic copolymer containing 26% of zwitterionic groups are shown to be highly antifouling and hemocompatible, for a coating density as low as 0.2mg/cm(2). Their application in a specially designed blood filtration module enabled to almost totally inhibit blood cells interactions with membrane material, as well as to importantly reduce platelet activation in the permeate (2.5-fold reduction). STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE The design of new zwitterionic copolymer material is proposed and demonstrated in this study. It was showed that hydrophobicoctadecyl acrylate segments can be introduced in the zwitterioniccarboxybetaine polymer chain with a well-controlled random sequence. Stable, efficient, and effective surface zwitterionization of hydrophobic polypropylene are obtained via grafting onto approach by evaporation-induced self-assembling coating. In the perspective of potential application, hemocompatible blood filtration was demonstrated with the excellent results of non-activated platelets obtained. SUMMARY OF IMPACTS DESIGN New zwitterionicmaterial, amphiphatic carboxybetaine copolymers. DEVELOPMENT Evaporation-induced self-assembling grafting. APPLICATION Hemocompatible blood filtration.
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Kuo CC, Yeh HC, Chen B, Tsai CW, Lin YS, Huang CC. Prevalence of Metformin Use and the Associated Risk of Metabolic Acidosis in US Diabetic Adults With CKD: A National Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e2175. [PMID: 26705203 PMCID: PMC4697969 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of metformin in chronic kidney disease (CKD) population has been intensely debated with conflicting evidence. Large population studies are needed to inform risk assessment and therapeutic decision-making. We evaluated the associations among metformin, metabolic acidosis, and CKD in a 10-year nationally representative noninstitutionalized civilian population in the United States.In this cross-sectional study, a total of 2279 diabetic adults aged 20 years or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2003 to 2012 were included and had measurements of serum bicarbonate, sodium, potassium, and chloride. The exposure was metformin use. The outcome was subclinical and severe metabolic acidosis defined by serum bicarbonate <23 mEq/L and anion gap > 16mEq/L and by serum bicarbonate < 20 mEq/L, respectively.The prevalence of metformin use decreased from 67.2% among CKD-1 and -2, 40.6% among CKD-3, to 1.3% among advanced CKD-4 and -5. Across CKD stages up to CKD-3b, we observed a tendency of lower levels of serum bicarbonate that was significant in metformin users with CKD-2 and CKD-3a and marginally significant with CKD-3b compared to nonmetformin users. The corresponding tendency of higher anion gap in metformin users with the estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 mL/min/1.73 m was also observed. In multiple linear regression analysis, metformin was significantly associated with decreased serum bicarbonate levels (β = -0.45, 95% CI: -0.73, -0.17) and increased serum anion gap levels (β = 0.40, 95% CI: 0.19, 0.61). The adjusted odds ratio of subclinical high anion gap and severe metabolic acidosis for metformin users was 1.68 (95% CI: 1.11, 2.55) and 1.31 (0.49, 3.47), respectively. The association between metformin and serum bicarbonate was significantly modified by CKD status. No interaction was found between metformin and CKD stages for serum anion gap and acidosis.Metformin is associated with subclinical metabolic acidosis but not with severe metabolic acidosis. The propensity of serum bicarbonate-lowering effect was intensified in advanced CKD; however, such tendency was not associated with the risk of clinically defined acidosis. Our findings highlight a potential of cautious expansion of metformin use among CKD-3b patients with diabetes meriting further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- From the Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (C-CK); Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (C-CK); Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD (C-CK); Department of Internal Medicine, Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital and College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung (C-CK, H-CY, C-WT, C-CH); Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan (BC); and Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX (Y-SL)
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Tsai CW, Hu WW, Liu CI, Ruaan RC, Tsai BC, Jin SLC, Chang Y, Chen WY. The consideration of indolicidin modification to balance its hemocompatibility and delivery efficiency. Int J Pharm 2015; 494:498-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Sathiaraj GD, Lee C, Tsai CW, Yeh JW, Bhattacharjee PP. Evolution of microstructure and crystallographic texture in severely cold rolled high entropy equiatomic CoCrFeMnNi alloy during annealing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/82/1/012068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Tsai CW, North KE, Tin A, Haack K, Franceschini N, Saroja Voruganti V, Laston S, Zhang Y, Best LG, MacCluer JW, Beaty TH, Navas-Acien A, Kao WHL, Howard BV. Both rare and common variants in PCSK9 influence plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level in American Indians. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E345-9. [PMID: 25412415 PMCID: PMC4318886 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Elevated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease. Variants in the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) gene have been associated not only with plasma LDL-C concentration, but also with ischemic heart disease. Little is known about the genetic architecture of PCSK9 and its influence on LDL-C in American Indians. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the genetic architecture in the 1p32 region encompassing PCSK9 and its influence on LDL-C in American Indians. DESIGN The Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) is a family-based genetic study. PARTICIPANTS Two thousand four hundred fifty eight American Indians from Arizona, Oklahoma, North Dakota, and South Dakota, who were genotyped by Illumina MetaboChip. RESULTS We genotyped 486 SNPs in a 3.9 Mb region at chromosome 1p32 encompassing PCSK9 in 2458 American Indians. We examined the association between these SNPs and LDL-C. For common variants (MAF ≥ 1%), meta-analysis across the three geographic regions showed common variants in PCSK9 were significantly associated with higher LDL-C. The most significant SNP rs12067569 (MAF = 1.7 %, β = 16.9 ± 3.7, P = 5.9 × 10(-6)) was in complete LD (r(2) = 1) with a nearby missense SNP, rs505151 (E670G) (β = 15.0 ± 3.6, P = 3.6 × 10(-5)). For rare variants (MAF < 1%), rs11591147 (R46L, MAF = 0.9%) was associated with lower LDL-C (β = - 31.1 ± 7.1, P = 1.4 × 10(-5)). The mean (SD) of LDL-C was 76.9 (7.8) and 107.4 (1.0) mg/dL for those with and without the R46L mutation, respectively. One person who was homozygous for R46L had LDL-C levels of 11 mg/dL. In one family, 6 out of 8 members carrying the R46L mutation had LDL-C levels below the lower 10% percentile of LDL-C among all study participants. CONCLUSIONS Both rare and common variants in PCSK9 influence plasma LDL-C levels in American Indians. Follow-up studies may disclose the influence of these mutations on the risk of CVD and responses to cholesterol-lowering medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Departments of Epidemiology (C.-W.T., A.T., T.H.B., A.N.-A., W.H.L.K.) and Environmental Health Sciences (A.N.-A.), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology (K.E.N., N.F.), University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Genetics (K.H., S.L., J.W.M.), Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas; Department of Nutrition and University of North Carolina Nutrition Research Institute (V.S.V.), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, North Carolina; Center for American Indian Health Research (Y.Z.), University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Missouri Breaks Industries Research, Inc. (L.G.B.), Timber Lake, South Dakota; The Welch Center for Prevention (A.N.-A., W.H.L.K.), Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland; MedStar Health Research Institute (B.V.H.), Hyattsville, Maryland; Georgetown and Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science (B.V.H.), Washington, D.C.; Kidney Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine (C.-W.T.), China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Kuo TC, Tsai CW, Lee PC, Chen WY. Revisiting the streptavidin-biotin binding by using an aptamer and displacement isothermal calorimetry titration. J Mol Recognit 2015; 28:125-8. [PMID: 25615849 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The association constant of a well-known streptavidin-biotin binding has only been inferred from separately measured kinetic parameters. In a single experiment, we obtained Ka 1 × 10(12) M(-1) by using a streptavidin-binding aptamer and ligand-displacement isothermal titration calorimetry. This study explores the challenges of determining thermodynamic parameters and the derived equilibrium binding affinity of tight ligand-receptor binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chih Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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Tsai CW, Grams ME, Inker LA, Coresh J, Selvin E. Cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, vascular disease, and mortality in persons with diabetes in the U.S. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:1002-8. [PMID: 24271191 PMCID: PMC3964484 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum cystatin C is an alternative to serum creatinine for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), since cystatin C is less influenced by age and muscle mass. Among persons with diabetes, we compared the performance of GFR estimated using cystatin C (eGFRcys) with that using creatinine (eGFRcr) for the identification of reduced kidney function and its association with diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from adult participants from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with available cystatin C (N = 4,457). Kidney function was dichotomized as preserved (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) or reduced (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) using the 2012 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin C and the 2009 CKD-EPI creatinine equations. RESULTS Among 778 persons with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced kidney function was 16.5% using eGFRcr and 22.0% using eGFRcys. More persons with diabetes were reclassified from preserved kidney function by eGFRcr to reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than persons without diabetes (odds ratio 3.1 [95% CI 1.9-4.9], P < 0.001). The associations between lower eGFR and higher prevalence of albuminuria, retinopathy, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease were robust regardless of filtration marker. Similarly, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with lower eGFRcr and eGFRcys. Only lower eGFRcys was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS More persons with diabetes had reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than by eGFRcr, and lower eGFRcys was strongly associated with diabetes complications. Whether eGFRcys is superior to eGFRcr in approximating true kidney function in a diabetic population requires additional study.
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Tsai CW, Jheng SL, Chen WY, Ruaan RC. Strategy of Fc-Recognizable Peptide Ligand Design for Oriented Immobilization of Antibody. Anal Chem 2014; 86:2931-8. [DOI: 10.1021/ac4029467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Siang-Long Jheng
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yih Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Ruoh-Chyu Ruaan
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Chung-Li City, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
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Tsai CW, Grams ME, Inker LA, Coresh J, Selvin E. Cystatin C- and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate, vascular disease, and mortality in persons with diabetes in the U.S. Diabetes Care 2013. [PMID: 24271191 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serum cystatin C is an alternative to serum creatinine for estimating glomerular filtration rate (GFR), since cystatin C is less influenced by age and muscle mass. Among persons with diabetes, we compared the performance of GFR estimated using cystatin C (eGFRcys) with that using creatinine (eGFRcr) for the identification of reduced kidney function and its association with diabetes complications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed data from adult participants from the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey with available cystatin C (N = 4,457). Kidney function was dichotomized as preserved (eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) or reduced (eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) using the 2012 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) cystatin C and the 2009 CKD-EPI creatinine equations. RESULTS Among 778 persons with diabetes, the prevalence of reduced kidney function was 16.5% using eGFRcr and 22.0% using eGFRcys. More persons with diabetes were reclassified from preserved kidney function by eGFRcr to reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than persons without diabetes (odds ratio 3.1 [95% CI 1.9-4.9], P < 0.001). The associations between lower eGFR and higher prevalence of albuminuria, retinopathy, peripheral arterial disease, and coronary artery disease were robust regardless of filtration marker. Similarly, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with lower eGFRcr and eGFRcys. Only lower eGFRcys was significantly associated with cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSIONS More persons with diabetes had reduced kidney function by eGFRcys than by eGFRcr, and lower eGFRcys was strongly associated with diabetes complications. Whether eGFRcys is superior to eGFRcr in approximating true kidney function in a diabetic population requires additional study.
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Kuo TC, Lee PC, Tsai CW, Chen WY. Salt bridge exchange binding mechanism between streptavidin and its DNA aptamer--thermodynamics and spectroscopic evidences. J Mol Recognit 2013; 26:149-59. [PMID: 23345105 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Revised: 11/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein-nucleic acids binding driven by electrostatic interactions typically are characterized by the release of counter ions, and the salt-inhibited binding association constant (K(a)) and the magnitude of exothermic binding enthalpy (ΔH). Here, we report a non-classical thermodynamics of streptavidin (SA)-aptamer binding in NaCl (140-350 mM) solutions near room temperatures (23-27 °C). By using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and circular dichroism (CD)/fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that the binding was enthalpy driven with a large entropy cost (ΔH -20.58 kcal mol(-1), TΔS -10.99 kcal mol(-1), and K(a) 1.08 × 10(7) M(-1) at 140 mM NaCl 25 °C). With the raise of salt concentrations, the ΔH became more exothermic, yet the K(a) was almost unchanged (ΔH -26.29 kcal mol(-1) and K(a) 1.50 × 10(7) M(-1) at 350 mM NaCl 25 °C). The data suggest that no counter Na(+) was released in the binding. Spectroscopy data suggest that the binding, with a stoichiometry of 2, was accompanied with substantial conformational changes on SA, and the changes were insensitive to the variation of salt concentrations. To account for the non-classical results, we propose a salt bridge exchange model. The intramolecular binding-site salt bridge(s) of the free SA and the charged phosphate group of aptamers re-organize to form the binding complex by forming a new intermolecular salt bridge(s). The salt bridge exchange binding process requires minimum amount of counter ions releasing but dehydration of the contacting surface of SA and the aptamer. The energy required for dehydration is reduced in the case of binding solution with higher salt concentration and account for the higher binding exothermic mainly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Chih Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
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Tsai CW, Tsai C, Ruaan RC, Hu CC, Lee KR. Interfacially polymerized layers for oxygen enrichment: a method to overcome Robeson's upper-bound limit. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:5563-5568. [PMID: 23731366 DOI: 10.1021/am4008006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial polymerization of four aqueous phase monomers, diethylenetriamine (DETA), m-phenylenediamine (mPD), melamine (Mela), and piperazine (PIP), and two organic phase monomers, trimethyl chloride (TMC) and cyanuric chloride (CC), produce a thin-film composite membrane of polymerized polyamide layer capable of O2/N2 separation. To achieve maximum efficiency in gas permeance and O2/N2 permselectivity, the concentrations of monomers, time of interfacial polymerization, number of reactive groups in monomers, and the structure of monomers need to be optimized. By controlling the aqueous/organic monomer ratio between 1.9 and 2.7, we were able to obtain a uniformly interfacial polymerized layer. To achieve a highly cross-linked layer, three reactive groups in both the aqueous and organic phase monomers are required; however, if the monomers were arranged in a planar structure, the likelihood of structural defects also increased. On the contrary, linear polymers are less likely to result in structural defects, and can also produce polymer layers with moderate O2/N2 selectivity. To minimize structural defects while maximizing O2/N2 selectivity, the planar monomer, TMC, containing 3 reactive groups, was reacted with the semirigid monomer, PIP, containing 2 reactive groups to produce a membrane with an adequate gas permeance of 7.72 × 10(-6) cm(3) (STP) s(-1) cm(-2) cm Hg(-1) and a high O2/N2 selectivity of 10.43, allowing us to exceed the upper-bound limit of conventional thin-film composite membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan
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Chen WY, Hsu MY, Tsai CW, Chang Y, Ruaan RC, Kao WH, Huang EW, Chuan HYTC. Kosmotrope-like hydration behavior of polyethylene glycol from microcalorimetry and binding isotherm measurements. Langmuir 2013; 29:4259-4265. [PMID: 23330911 DOI: 10.1021/la304500w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) at various molecular weights (MWs) has been regarded as a wonder molecule in biomedical applications. For instance, PEG serves as a unique moiety for pegylation of "biobetter" drug development, PEG provides controlled-release and preserved activity of biologics, and PEG modified surface works as an antibiofouling surface. The primary characteristics of PEG molecules used in relevant applications have been attributed mainly to the hydration behavior in aqueous solutions. However, the effects on the solvation of solutes in solution caused by presenting PEG molecules as a cosolvent, as well as the thermodynamics aspect of the hydration behavior of PEG in solution, have not been well documented. The solvation behavior of solutes, such as protein, with PEG as a cosolvent, indicates the success of PEG applications, such as biofouling and controlled release. In this investigation, we examined the effects of a buffer solution containing PEG molecules on the solution behavior of solute and the interactions between solid surfaces with solutes. We adapted the study by selecting a lysozyme as a solute in a buffer solution with either ammonium sulfate (kosmotrope) or sodium chloride (chaotrope) and anionic resin (SP-Sepharose) as solid surfaces. The experiments primarily involved binding equilibrium measurements and thermodynamics analysis. The results revealed that, in both saline buffers, adding PEG increases the binding affinity between the lysozyme and the resin, similar to kosmotropic salt in the examined salt concentrations. The thermodynamics analyses involving microcalorimetric measurements show that the bindings are mainly driven by enthalpy, indicating that electrostatic interaction was the primary binding force under these experimental conditions. The variations of the enthalpy and entropy of the binding thermodynamics when adding PEG to different salt types in the buffer solution showed opposite behavior, and the results support the concept of kosmotrope-like behavior of PEG. The equilibrium and thermodynamics data demonstrate that PEG has a kosmotrope-like hydration behavior, and the extent of kosmotrope-like behavior depends on the molecular weight of PEG with the outcomes of various molecular weights of PEG being added to the binding solution. The results of this study provide essential knowledge for PEG as an additive (or cosolvent) in various research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yih Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li Taoyuan 320, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The hydrophobic interaction between antimicrobial peptides and membrane hydrophobic cores is usually related to their cytotoxicity. In this study, the adsorption mechanism of five plasma membrane-associated peptides, indolicidin (IL) and its four derivatives, with hydrophobic ligands was investigated to understand the relationship between peptide hydrophobicity and bioactivity. The hydrophobic adsorption mechanisms of IL and its derivatives were interpreted thermodynamically and kinetically by reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) analysis and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement, respectively. IL and its derivatives possess a similar random coil structure in both aqueous and organic solvents. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the binding enthalpy of peptides with higher electropositivity was lower than those with lower electropositivity and exhibited unfavorable binding entropy. Higher electropositivity peptides adsorbed to the hydrophobic surface arising from the less bound solvent on the peptide surface. A comparison with the kinetic analysis showed that IL and its derivatives adopt a two-state binding model (i.e., adsorption onto and self-association on the hydrophobic acyl chain) to associate with the hydrophobic surface, and the binding affinity of peptide self-association correlates well with peptide hemolysis. Consequently, this study provided a novel concept for understanding the action of plasma membrane-associated peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan
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Lin PH, Tsai CW, Wu JW, Ruaan RC, Chen WY. Molecular dynamics simulation of the induced-fit binding process of DNA aptamer and L-argininamide. Biotechnol J 2012; 7:1367-75. [PMID: 22678933 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aptamers are rare functional nucleic acids with binding affinity to and specificity for target ligands. Recent experiments have lead to the proposal of an induced-fit binding mechanism for L-argininamide (Arm) and its binding aptamer. However, at the molecular level, this mechanism between the aptamer and its coupled ligand is still poorly understood. The present study used explicit solvent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to examine the critical bases involved in aptamer-Arm binding and the induced-fit binding process at atomic resolution. The simulation results revealed that the Watson-Crick pair (G10-C16), C9, A12, and C17 bases play important roles in aptamer-Arm binding, and that binding of Arm results in an aptamer conformation optimized through a general induced-fit process. In an aqueous solution, the mechanism has the following characteristic stages: (a) adsorption stage, the Arm anchors to the binding site of aptamer with strong electrostatic interaction; (b) binding stage, the Arm fits into the binding site of aptamer by hydrogen-bond formation; and (c) complex stabilization stage, the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions cooperatively stabilize the complex structure. This study provides dynamics information on the aptamer-ligand induced-fit binding mechanism. The critical bases in aptamer-ligand binding may provide a guideline in aptamer design for molecular recognition engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Hsun Lin
- Institute of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, National Central University, Jhong-Li, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging; Far Eastern Memorial Hospital; Taipei; Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yun Chang
- Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Ming Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Huang CC, Tsai CW, Kuo CC. Photoclinic. Coral reef aorta. Arch Iran Med 2012; 15:63-4. [PMID: 22208448 DOI: 012151/aim.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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Kuo CC, Tsai CW, Su TC. Diabetic eruptive xanthoma. Acta Clin Belg 2011; 66:321-2. [PMID: 21938992 DOI: 10.2143/acb.66.4.2062578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C C Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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31
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Kuo CC, Wu VC, Tsai CW, Huang KH, Wang SM, Li BC, Chang CC, Lu CC, Yang WS, Chao CT, Tsai IC, Lai CF, Lin WC, Wu MS, Lin YH, Lin CY, Chang HW, Wang WJ, Chiang WC, Kao TW, Chueh SC, Chu TS, Tsai TJ, Wu KD. Combining body mass index and serum potassium to urine potassium clearance ratio is an alternative method to predict primary aldosteronism. Clin Chim Acta 2011; 412:1637-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Since the phenomenon of hyperfiltration in primary aldosteronism (PA) was first noted in 1996, subsequent clinical studies have produced conflicting results. To determine the development of relative hyperfiltration in PA, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were searched through to July 2009. Reference sections of original articles, meta-analyses, and reviews on hyperfiltration in PA were reviewed. Hypertensive patients provided the controlled data for hyperfiltration. Two authors independently extracted the data. RESULTS A total of seven studies were included. One study was from the data of the TAIPAI group. Overall, there was strong evidence that relative kidney hyperfiltration existed in PA (fixed-effects model: standardised mean difference (SMD), 0.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.03-0.22, p = 0.007; random-effects model: SMD, 0.35; 95% CI, -0.01-0.71, p = 0.05), though with a significant heterogeneity (p < 0.0001). In the secondary meta-analysis with five top-quality studies, the relative kidney hyperfiltration was more significant. Mean age in each enrolled study was the only factor significantly associated with the existence of heterogeneity among the selected studies in the meta-regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Current evidence suggests that relative kidney hyperfiltration is the hallmark in PA and the phenomenon is beyond the effect of hypertension of PA. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of occult renal damage in patients with PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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33
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Kuo CC, Wu VC, Huang KH, Wang SM, Chang CC, Lu CC, Yang WS, Tsai CW, Lai CF, Lee TY, Lin WC, Wu MS, Lin YH, Chu TS, Lin CY, Chang HW, Wang WJ, Kao TW, Chueh SC, Wu KD, Taipai Study Group. Verification and evaluation of aldosteronism demographics in the Taiwan Primary Aldosteronism Investigation Group (TAIPAI Group). J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2011; 12:348-57. [PMID: 21393359 DOI: 10.1177/1470320310391329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current data on primary aldosteronism (PA) from Asian populations are scarce. This cohort study clarifies the attributes of patients with PA in a typical Chinese population. DESIGN An observational cohort study. METHODS The records of patients referred to the Hypertension Clinic from a multi-centre registration in Taiwan from January 1995 to December 2007 were reviewed. All patients with PA were classified into two subtypes: aldosterone-producing adenomas (APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA); their characteristics were compared. RESULTS Our cohort consisted of 346 patients with PA, 255 with APA and 91 with IHA. The initial hypokalaemia (59% in APA vs. 27.5% in IHA, p < 0.0001) and transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) (6.30 ± 2.41 in APA vs. 4.91 ± 2.03 in IHA, p = 0.01) were higher in the APA group. Baseline plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was also significantly different between the two subgroups (49.96 ± 38.15 ng/dl in APA vs. 34.24 ± 21.47 in IHA, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In typical Chinese PA patients, the APA subgroup had a higher proportion of hypokalaemia with elevated TTKG and higher PAC as compared with the IHA subgroup. This largest Asian database also demonstrated major differences between the Caucasian and Chinese populations including female predilection, frequent hypokalaemia, and common paralytic myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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Kuo CC, Hsu HL, Huang CY, Liu KL, Wu VC, Tsai CW, Wang WJ. A patient with concurrent primary aldosteronism and Page kidney. Endocrine 2010; 38:6-10. [PMID: 20960095 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9352-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ratio of aldosterone-to-renin activity is currently recommended as a screening test for primary aldosteronism (PA). There are many factors interfering the interpretation of aldosterone-renin ratio (ARR) and could hamper in-time diagnosis of PA. Here, we first report a patient with underlying Page phenomenon and an accidentally disclosed adrenal incidentaloma. High renin secretion from Page phenomenon had masked higher ARR into normal ARR obscuring the diagnosis of PA. However, adrenal venous sampling (AVS) confirmed the autonomous aldosterone secretion with left adrenal vein plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) 124.1 ng/dl and a lateralization ratio 3.3. AVS may discriminate masked PA due to high renin secretion from Page kidney. It is suggested that clinicians should cautiously interpret aldosterone-renin ratio and consider diagnostic AVS if hyperaldosteronism is highly suspected especially in the background of other secondary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan.
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Abstract
The clinical spectrum of infections caused by non-typhoid Salmonella spp. includes gastroenteritis, enteric fever, bacteremia, and extraintestinal localized complications, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Here we report a patient with severe aplastic anemia developing left iliopsoas abscess caused by non-typhoid Salmonella (NTS), which was successfully treated by prolonged antibiotic treatment and repeated debridement. Our data indicate that aplastic anemia is a risk factor for infection caused by NTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jann-Tay Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin YF, Ko WJ, Chu TS, Chen YS, Wu VC, Chen YM, Wu MS, Chen YW, Tsai CW, Shiao CC, Li WY, Hu FC, Tsai PR, Tsai TJ, Wu KD. The 90-day mortality and the subsequent renal recovery in critically ill surgical patients requiring acute renal replacement therapy. Am J Surg 2009; 198:325-32. [PMID: 19716882 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 10/26/2008] [Accepted: 10/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particular attention should be paid to postoperative patients that suffer from severe acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT). METHODS This multicenter prospective observational study included 342 patients with postoperative AKI requiring RRT from January 2002 to December 2006. RESULTS There were 137 (40%) survivors at 90 days after the commencement of RRT. Independent predictors of 90-day mortality were older age, presence of sepsis, status post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, necessity of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), requirement of total parenteral nutrition, lower body mass index, higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, and higher serum lactate level at the commencement of RRT. Further analysis among the survivors showed that lower serum creatinine at intensive care unit admission, lower Simplified Acute Physiology Score II and inotropic equivalent score at the commencement of RRT, and using CRRT were independent predictors for subsequent renal recovery. CONCLUSIONS The development of AKI requiring RRT in postoperative critical patients represents a substantial risk for mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Feng Lin
- Department of Nephrology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin, Taiwan
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39
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40
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Kuo CC, Wang JY, Chien JY, Chen YF, Wu VC, Tsai CW, Hwang JJ. Nontraumatic pneumocephalus due to nosocomial Enterobacter cloacae infection. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 66:108-10. [PMID: 19442474 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2008] [Revised: 03/21/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nosocomial meningitis is rare, and routine cerebrospinal fluid study is seldom recommended for hospitalized patients with fever and acute delirium. We present a case of Enterobacter cloacae meningitis complicated with a nontraumatic pneumocephalus. Maintaining a high index of suspicion of nosocomial meningitis is crucial in patients with acute delirium and multiple underlying comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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41
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Kuo CC, Wu VC, Tsai CW, Wang FF, Chueh SC, Wu KD. A rare cause of secondary hypertension. Clin Kidney J 2009; 2:177-8. [PMID: 25949323 PMCID: PMC4421360 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfn213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Vin-Cent Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
| | - Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch
| | - Fan-Fen Wang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Taipei City Hospital Yang-Ming Branch
| | - Shih-Chieh Chueh
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kwan-Dun Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital
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42
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Tsai CW, Chan DC, Kuo CC, Lee YJ, Huang CC. Kidney packed with fat, pus and stone-xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis. NDT Plus 2009; 2:257-8. [PMID: 25984005 PMCID: PMC4421191 DOI: 10.1093/ndtplus/sfp022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2009] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine , China Medical University Hospital Taipei Branch
| | | | | | - Yuan-Ju Lee
- Department of Urology , National Taiwan University Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging , National Taiwan University Hospital
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Kuo CC, Wang JY, Tsai CW, Yu CJ. Cooley's anemia. Eur J Haematol 2008; 82:408-9. [PMID: 19077046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Chi Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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44
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Tsai CW, Wang JT, Tsai CC, Yeh KH. Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection in an HIV-negative patient presenting with mimicking multiple bone metastases. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2006; 54:211-6. [PMID: 16423487 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2005.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We report a patient with disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection, but with no underlying disease, presenting with mimicking multiple bone metastases with cancer of unknown primary site. Disseminated M. kansasii infection is rare in HIV-negative patients without underlying diseases. This patient had disseminated M. kansasii infection manifested with vertebral osteomyelitis, sacroiliitis, psoas abscess, bone marrow granuloma, liver granuloma, and possible spleen abscesses. The clinical manifestations are described and discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Ban-Ciao, Taipei 220, Taiwan
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45
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Tsai CW, Yang CC, Chen HL, Hwu WL, Wu MZ, Liu KL, Wu MS. Homozygous SLC25A13 Mutation in a Taiwanese Patient with Adult-onset Citrullinemia Complicated with Steatosis and Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Formos Med Assoc 2006; 105:852-6. [PMID: 17000460 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Citrullinemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated plasma concentrations of citrulline and ammonia. Adult-onset citrullinemia (type II, CTLN2) has been attributed to citrin deficiency caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. CTLN2 is associated with a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Japanese. We report a 48-year-old Taiwanese man with citrullinemia, who was in good health until the age of 34 when he had repeated episodes of consciousness disturbance. Hyperammonia (201 micromol/L) was found during an episode of coma. Liver function and electrolyte levels were normal at that time. Serologic markers of viral hepatitis B and C were negative. Analysis of genomic DNA extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes showed homozygous 851del4 mutation in exon 9 of the SLC25A13 gene on chromosome 7q21.3. Fourteen years after disease onset, at the age of 48, he was admitted due to an episode of coma. Abdominal sonography and computed tomography showed a 2.5 cm tumor in the left lobe of the liver, without evidence of liver cirrhosis. Wedge resection of the tumor was performed and grade 2 HCC was diagnosed. The nontumor part of the resected specimen showed chronic persistent hepatitis with moderate steatosis. The results in this case support that both citrin deficiency and steatohepatitis may contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Wei Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung Shan South Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan
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Lee YT, Lee CM, Lin CS, Sheu SH, Kuo WK, Tsai CW, Huang LC, Huang HC, Wang JS, Tseng WK. A double-blind comparison of the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 40-80 mg vs. losartan 50-100 mg in Taiwanese hypertensive patients. Int J Clin Pract 2005:40-5. [PMID: 15617458 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2004.00409.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group, dose-titration study was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 40-80 mg once daily compared with losartan 50-100 mg once daily in 180 Taiwanese patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. After an initial 2-week placebo run-in phase, patients were randomised in a double-blind, double-dummy fashion to receive either telmisartan 40 mg or losartan 50 mg. If blood pressure control (diastolic blood pressure [DBP] <90 mmHg or > or = 10 mmHg reduction in DBP) was achieved after 4 weeks, the dose was maintained for the second 4 weeks of the active treatment phase; if not, the dose was doubled to telmisartan 80 mg or losartan 100 mg, respectively, for the second 4 weeks of double-blind treatment. Telmisartan 40-80 mg (n = 86) was as effective as losartan 50-100 mg (n = 90) in reducing trough seated DBP (11.1 vs. 8.7 mmHg, p = 0.144), and was significantly more effective than losartan in reducing trough seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) (22.1 vs. 16.5 mmHg, p = 0.032) and standing SBP (21.0 vs. 16.3 mmHg, p = 0.033). Significantly fewer patients treated with telmisartan than those treated with losartan required uptitration after 4 weeks' treatment (32.6% vs. 61.5%, p = 0.001). Both telmisartan and losartan were well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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47
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Abstract
Spermiogenesis in the water fern Marsilea vestita is a rapid process that requires the de novo formation of basal bodies in a cytoplasmic particle known as a blepharoplast. Spermiogenesis is activated by placing dry spores into water and is dependent upon the translation of new proteins from stored mRNAs with little, if any, new transcription. We looked at the necessity of cell division cycles in the gametophyte as a prerequisite for the activation of centrin translation and for the consequent formation of blepharoplasts. Cell cycle arrest was induced by treatments of gametophytes with hydroxyurea, with olomoucine, or after RNAi, employing dsRNA derived from Marsilea cyclin A or cyclin B. In all cases, centrin is translated from stored mRNA at the normal time, approximately 4 hours after imbibition, and it accumulates to maximal levels ∼6 hours after imbibition. In spite of the fact that centrin is translated at essentially normal times and accumulates to nearly normal levels, no blepharoplasts form in the gametophytes where division cycles have been disrupted. These results provide a clear demonstration that the new translation of centrin, by itself, is insufficient for blepharoplast formation, the de novo formation of basal bodies, and the assembly of a motile apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Tsai
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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48
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Chiou FS, Pai CY, Hsu YP, Tsai CW, Yang CH. Extraction of human DNA for PCR from chewed residues of betel quid using a novel "PVP/CTAB" method. J Forensic Sci 2001; 46:1174-9. [PMID: 11569562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Residues of chewed betel quid (BQ) are often found on crime scenes in Taiwan and possibly some of the Southeast Asian countries. Although these residues are important biological evidences relating to the suspects, the forensic analysis of BQ evidence has been hindered by failures in extraction of human DNA for PCR analysis. Therefore, it is a prerequisite for relevant forensic casework to establish a reliable method for extracting DNA from chewed BQ residues. Three conventional methods (salt/chloroform, 5% Chelex-100 resin, and QIAamp) were first tested for extraction of human DNA from 33 mock BQ samples, which had been stored for less than two months, and 50 four-year-old forensic BQ samples. PCR amplifications from the HLA-DQA1&PM and the STR loci were then used to test the quality of the extracted DNA. For the mock samples, three observations were made. First, PCR amplification of DNA extracted by using these conventional methods had low success rate. Second, the addition of extra Taq DNA polymerase could compensate the lost enzyme activities due to putative inhibitors and, thus, increase the yield. Third, using the Centricon-100 column to remove putative inhibitors substantially improved the efficiency of PCR. However, for the four-year-old forensic BQ samples, none of the attempts for PCR were successful. In order to solve the problem in PCR analysis of DNA from old BQ samples, we developed a DNA extraction method based on the use of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which bind to two common classes of PCR inhibitors in plants, polyphenols, and polysaccharides, respectively. The result showed that this "PVP/CTAB" method is completely successful for the mock BQ samples, and 92% (46 out of 50) successful for the four-year-old forensic BQ samples. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of a reliable method for the extraction of human DNA for PCR from chewed BQ residues. This method should provide a useful means for forensic identification in countries where betel chewing is common.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Chiou
- Department of Forensic Science, Central Police University, Taoyuan Kueishan, Taiwan ROC
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Tsai CW, Tseng JJ, Lin SC, Chang CY, Wu JL, Horng JF, Tsay HJ. Primary structure and developmental expression of zebrafish sodium channel Na(v)1.6 during neurogenesis. DNA Cell Biol 2001; 20:249-55. [PMID: 11410161 DOI: 10.1089/104454901750232445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A zebrafish sodium channel cDNA encoding a 1949-amino acid polypeptide, Na(v)1.6, was isolated. Two transcripts were detected in zebrafish adult brain but not in cardiac or skeletal muscle. The RNase protection analysis confirmed the neural specificity of zebrafish Na(v)1.6 24 hours postfertilization (hpf) Na(v)1.6 was expressed in the trigeminal ganglion, anterior and posterior lateral line ganglia, rhombomeres, and Rohon-Beard neurons. This preferential localization suggests that Na(v)1.6 plays an important role in tactile sensitivity. The abundance of zebrafish Na(v) 1.6 mRNA in the central and peripheral nervous systems increased markedly between 48 and 72 hpf, during the maturation of the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Tsai
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Chen HW, Yang JJ, Tsai CW, Wu JJ, Sheen LY, Ou CC, Lii CK. Dietary fat and garlic oil independently regulate hepatic cytochrome p(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione S-transferase expression in rats. J Nutr 2001; 131:1438-43. [PMID: 11340096 DOI: 10.1093/jn/131.5.1438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual and combined effects of dietary fat and garlic oil on two drug-metabolizing enzymes, cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and the placental form of glutathione (GSH) S-transferase (PGST), in rat liver were examined in this study. Rats were fed a low corn oil, high corn oil or high fish oil diet and received various amount of garlic oil (0, 30, 80, 200 mg/kg body) orally three times per week for 6 wk. The fat energy in the low and high fat diets accounted for 11.6 and 45.7% of total energy, respectively. Final body weights did not differ among the three dietary fat groups and were not affected by garlic oil treatment. The fatty acid profile in hepatic phospholipids revealed higher eicosapentaenoic acid [20:5(n-3)] and docosahexaenoic acid [22:6(n-3)] levels in the fish oil-fed group than in the low and high corn oil-fed groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, the corn oil-fed groups had greater hepatic phospholipid arachidonic acid [20:4(n-6)] levels (P < 0.05). Both dietary fat and garlic oil significantly affected hepatic cytochrome 7-pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity and GST activity toward ethacrynic acid. Rats fed the high fish oil diet had 85 and 51% higher PROD activity compared with those fed the low or the high corn oil diet, respectively (P < 0.05). The GST activity in the high fish oil and the high corn oil groups was 33 and 18% higher than that in the low corn oil group (P < 0.05), respectively, and the GST activity in rats fed the high fish oil diet was higher than in those fed the high corn oil diet (P < 0.05). Garlic oil dose-dependently increased GST activity. No interaction between dietary fat and garlic oil on PROD or GST activity was noted. Northern and Western blot analysis revealed that dietary fish oil increased both cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels. Cytochrome P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein levels were also dose-dependently increased by garlic oil treatment. The effects of garlic oil and dietary fat on P(450) 2B1 and PGST mRNA and protein expression were independent. These results indicate that dietary fat and garlic oil independently modulate P(450) 2B1 and PGST expression at transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- H W Chen
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical College, National Chung Cheng University, Min-Hsiung 621, Taiwan
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