1
|
Swetha TA, Ananthi V, Bora A, Sengottuvelan N, Ponnuchamy K, Muthusamy G, Arun A. A review on biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) production from fermentative food waste - Its applications and degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123703. [PMID: 36801291 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its low carbon footprint and environmental friendliness, polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely produced bioplastics in the world. Manufacturing attempts to partially replace petrochemical plastics with PLA are growing year over year. Although this polymer is typically used in high-end applications, its use will increase only if it can be produced at the lowest cost. As a result, food wastes rich in carbohydrates can be used as the primary raw material for the production of PLA. Lactic acid (LA) is typically produced through biological fermentation, but a suitable downstream separation process with low production costs and high product purity is also essential. The global PLA market has been steadily expanding with the increased demand, and PLA has now become the most widely used biopolymer across a range of industries, including packaging, agriculture, and transportation. Therefore, the necessity for an efficient manufacturing method with reduced production costs and a vital separation method is paramount. The primary goal of this study is to examine the various methods of lactic acid synthesis, together with their characteristics and the metabolic processes involved in producing lactic acid from food waste. In addition, the synthesis of PLA, possible difficulties in its biodegradation, and its application in diverse industries have also been discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Angelin Swetha
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - V Ananthi
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India; Department of Molecular Biology, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhispa Bora
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | | | - Kumar Ponnuchamy
- Department of Animal Health and Management, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India
| | - Govarthanan Muthusamy
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 41566 Daegu, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - A Arun
- Bioenergy and Bioremediation Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, Tamil Nadu 630003, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The synergistic effect of EDTA-Fe and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid on the growth and carbohydrate content of Scenedesmus obliquus. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
3
|
Tsibranska I, Vlaev S, Dzhonova D, Tylkowski B, Panyovska S, Dermendzhieva N. Modeling and assessment of the transfer effectiveness in integrated bioreactor with membrane separation. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2020-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Integrating a reaction process with membrane separation allows for effective product removal, favorable shifting of the reaction equilibrium, overcoming eventual inhibitory or toxic effects of the products and has the advantage of being energy and space saving. It has found a range of applications in innovative biotechnologies, generating value-added products (exopolysaccharides, antioxidants, carboxylic acids) with high potential for separation/ concentration of thermosensitive bioactive compounds, preserving their biological activity and reducing the amount of solvents and the energy for solvent recovery. Evaluating the effectiveness of such integrated systems is based on fluid dynamics and mass transfer knowledge of flowing matter close to the membrane surface – shear deformation rates and shear stress at the membrane interface, mass transfer coefficients. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based approach for assessing the effectiveness of integrated stirred tank bioreactor with submerged membrane module is compiled. It is related to the hydrodynamic optimization of the selected reactor configuration in two-phase flow, as well as to the concentration profiles and analysis of the reactor conditions in terms of reaction kinetics and mass transfer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Tsibranska
- Institute of Chemical Engineering , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Serafim Vlaev
- Institute of Chemical Engineering , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Dzhonova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Bartosz Tylkowski
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya , C/Marcellí Domingo s/n , 43007 Tarragona , Spain
| | - Stela Panyovska
- Institute of Chemical Engineering , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Nadezhda Dermendzhieva
- Institute of Chemical Engineering , Bulgarian Academy of Sciences , 1113 Sofia , Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
The Effect of Heat Sterilization on Key Filtration Performance Parameters of a Commercial Polymeric (PVDF) Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080725. [PMID: 35893443 PMCID: PMC9394269 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane processes can be integrated with fermentation for the selective separation of the products from the fermentation broth. Sterilization with saturated steam under pressure is the most widely used method; however, data concerning heat sterilization applicability to polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are scarcely available. In this study, the effect of the sterilization process on the filtration performance of a commercial polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber UF membrane was evaluated. Membrane modules were constructed and sterilized several times in an autoclave. Pure water flux tests were performed, to assess the effect of heat sterilization on the membrane’s pure water permeance. Dextran rejection tests were performed for the characterization of membrane typical pore size and its fouling propensity. Filtration performance was also assessed by conducting filtration tests with real fermentation broth. After repeated sterilization cycles, pure water permeance remained quite constant, varying between approx. 830 and 990 L·m−2·h−1·bar−1, while the molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) was estimated to be in the range of 31.5–98.0 kDa. Regarding fouling behavior, the trans-membrane pressure increase rate was stable and quite low (between 0.5 and 7.0 mbar/min). The results suggest that commercial PVDF UF membranes are a viable alternative to high-cost ceramic UF membranes for fermentation processes that require heat sterilization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Shen Z, Gao Y, Kong L, Gu M, Xia M, Dong W, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Selective Conversion of Scenedesmus into Lactic Acid over Amine-Modified Sn-β. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:284-293. [PMID: 33458480 PMCID: PMC7807806 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Amine-modified Sn-β was synthesized to improve the yield of lactic acid produced from Scenedesmus. After studying the growth of Scenedesmus, we selected Scenedesmus with the highest sugar content of 46.7% after 8 days of culture as the reaction substrate. The results showed that the yield of lactic acid from Scenedesmus was greatly increased after being catalyzed by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS)-modified Sn-β. After the pretreatment of Scenedesmus in an ice bath ultrasound, under the optimal reaction conditions (190 °C and 5 h), the yield of lactic acid reached the highest (37%). The acid-base characterization results of the catalyst confirmed that there are both Lewis acidic sites and medium-strength basic sites in the catalyst. Both of these sites can promote the hydrolysis of Scenedesmus, while the Lewis acidic sites can promote the production of lactic acid and the basic sites can effectively inhibit the production of the byproduct 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). This study proved that this amination catalyst is a useful strategy to increase the yield of lactic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yishan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ling Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | | | | | | | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution
Control and Resources Reuse, Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water
Environment of MOE, National Engineering Research Center of Protected
Agriculture, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Protected Agriculture, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Diaz PAB, Kronemberger FDA, Habert AC. Effect of feed conditions and added solutes on the performance of membrane nanofiltration of succinic acid solutions. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s43153-020-00029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Darwin D, Triovanta U, Rinaldi R, Pratama A. Anaerobic Acidification of Coconut Water Waste by Lactobacillus acidophilus Culture for Biotechnological Production of Lactic Acid. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2019. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201967061433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
8
|
Removal of phenolic compounds from industrial waste water based on membrane-based technologies. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
9
|
Luongo V, Palma A, Rene ER, Fontana A, Pirozzi F, Esposito G, Lens PNL. Lactic acid recovery from a model of Thermotoga neapolitana fermentation broth using ion exchange resins in batch and fixed-bed reactors. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1520727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Luongo
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Applications Renato Caccioppoli, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Palma
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Eldon R. Rene
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Fontana
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Francesco Pirozzi
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Esposito
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
| | - Piet N. L. Lens
- UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education, Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Dey P, Pal P, Kevin JD, Das DB. Lignocellulosic bioethanol production: prospects of emerging membrane technologies to improve the process – a critical review. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2018-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
To meet the worldwide rapid growth of industrialization and population, the demand for the production of bioethanol as an alternative green biofuel is gaining significant prominence. The bioethanol production process is still considered one of the largest energy-consuming processes and is challenging due to the limited effectiveness of conventional pretreatment processes, saccharification processes, and extreme use of electricity in common fermentation and purification processes. Thus, it became necessary to improve the bioethanol production process through reduced energy requirements. Membrane-based separation technologies have already gained attention due to their reduced energy requirements, investment in lower labor costs, lower space requirements, and wide flexibility in operations. For the selective conversion of biomasses to bioethanol, membrane bioreactors are specifically well suited. Advanced membrane-integrated processes can effectively contribute to different stages of bioethanol production processes, including enzymatic saccharification, concentrating feed solutions for fermentation, improving pretreatment processes, and finally purification processes. Advanced membrane-integrated simultaneous saccharification, filtration, and fermentation strategies consisting of ultrafiltration-based enzyme recycle system with nanofiltration-based high-density cell recycle fermentation system or the combination of high-density cell recycle fermentation system with membrane pervaporation or distillation can definitely contribute to the development of the most efficient and economically sustainable second-generation bioethanol production process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pinaki Dey
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Karunya Nagar Coimbatore 641114 , India
| | - Parimal Pal
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Institute of Technology , Durgapur , India
| | - Joseph Dilip Kevin
- Department of Biotechnology , Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences , Coimbatore , India
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of AACME , Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Purification and concentration of gluconic acid from an integrated fermentation and membrane process using response surface optimized conditions. Front Chem Sci Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-018-1721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
12
|
A novel method for preparing high purity Actinobacillus succinogenes stock and its long-term acid production in a packed bed reactor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
13
|
|
14
|
Fan R, Ebrahimi M, Czermak P. Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor for Continuous Lactic Acid Fermentation. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7020026. [PMID: 28467384 PMCID: PMC5489860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Membrane bioreactor systems can enhance anaerobic lactic acid fermentation by reducing product inhibition, thus increasing productivity. In batch fermentations, the bioconversion of glucose is strongly inhibited in the presence of more than 100 g·L−1 lactic acid and is only possible when the product is simultaneously removed, which can be achieved by ceramic membrane filtration. The crossflow velocity is a more important determinant of flux than the transmembrane pressure. Therefore, to stabilize the performance of the membrane bioreactor system during continuous fermentation, the crossflow velocity was controlled by varying the biomass concentration, which was monitored in real-time using an optical sensor. Continuous fermentation under these conditions, thus, achieved a stable productivity of ~8 g·L−1·h−1 and the concentration of lactic acid was maintained at ~40 g·L−1 at a dilution rate of 0.2 h−1. No residual sugar was detected in the steady state with a feed concentration of 50 g·L−1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen 35390, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fan R, Ebrahimi M, Quitmann H, Czermak P. Lactic acid production in a membrane bioreactor system with thermophilic Bacillus coagulans: Online monitoring and process control using an optical sensor. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1213747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hendrich Quitmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Wang Y, Meng H, Cai D, Wang B, Qin P, Wang Z, Tan T. Improvement of l-lactic acid productivity from sweet sorghum juice by repeated batch fermentation coupled with membrane separation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2016; 211:291-297. [PMID: 27023384 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In order to efficiently produce l-lactic acid from non-food feedstocks, sweet sorghum juice (SSJ), which is rich of fermentable sugars, was directly used for l-lactic acid fermentation by Lactobacillus rhamnosus LA-04-1. A membrane integrated repeated batch fermentation (MIRB) was developed for productivity improvement. High-cell-density fermentation was achieved with a final cell density (OD620) of 42.3, and the CCR effect was overcomed. When SSJ (6.77gL(-1) glucose, 4.51gL(-1) fructose and 50.46gL(-1) sucrose) was used as carbon source in MIRB process, l-lactic acid productivity was increased significantly from 1.45gL(-1)h(-1) (batch 1) to 17.55gL(-1)h(-1) (batch 6). This process introduces an effective way to produce l-lactic acid from SSJ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hongyu Meng
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Laube H, Matysik FM, Schmidberger A, Mehlmann K, Toursel A, Boden J. CE-UV/VIS and CE-MS for monitoring organic impurities during the downstream processing of fermentative-produced lactic acid from second-generation renewable feedstocks. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:7. [PMID: 27200108 PMCID: PMC4872333 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the downstream process of bio-based bulk chemicals, organic impurities, mostly residues from the fermentation process, must be separated to obtain a pure and ready-to-market chemical. In this study, capillary electrophoresis was investigated for the non-targeting downstream process monitoring of organic impurities and simultaneous quantitative detection of lactic acid during the purification process of fermentatively produced lactic acid. The downstream process incorporated 11 separation units, ranging from filtration, adsorption and ion exchange to electrodialysis and distillation, and 15 different second-generation renewable feedstocks were processed into lactic acid. The identification of organic impurities was established through spiking and the utilization of an advanced capillary electrophoresis mass spectrometry system. RESULTS A total of 53 % of the organic impurities were efficiently removed via bipolar electrodialysis; however, one impurity, pyroglutamic acid, was recalcitrant to separation. It was demonstrated that the presence of pyroglutamic acid disrupts the polymerization of lactic acid into poly lactic acid. Pyroglutamic acid was present in all lactic acid solutions, independent of the type of renewable resource or the bacterium applied. Pyroglutamic acid, also known as 5-oxoproline, is a metabolite in the glutathione cycle, which is present in all living microorganisms. pyroglutamic acid is found in many proteins, and during intracellular protein metabolism, N-terminal glutamic acid and glutamine residues can spontaneously cyclize to become pyroglutamic acid. Hence, the concentration of pyroglutamic acid in the lactic acid solution can only be limited to a certain amount. CONCLUSIONS The present study proved the capillary electrophoresis system to be an important tool for downstream process monitoring. The high product concentration encountered in biological production processes did not hinder the capillary electrophoresis from separating and detecting organic impurities, even at minor concentrations. The coupling of the capillary electrophoresis with a mass spectrometry system allowed for the straightforward identification of the remaining critical impurity, pyroglutamic acid. Although 11 separation units were applied during the downstream process, the pyroglutamic acid concentration remained at 12,900 ppm, which was comparatively high. All organic impurities found were tracked by the capillary electrophoresis, allowing for further separation optimization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Laube
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Frank-Michael Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schmidberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Chemo- and Biosensors, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Mehlmann
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Andreas Toursel
- Department of Bioengineering, Leibniz-Institute for Agricultural Engineering (ATB), Max-Eyth-Allee 100, Potsdam, 14469 Germany
| | - Jana Boden
- ICA Boden-Haumann-Mainka, Engineering Society for Chemical Analysis, Langen, Hessen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pal P, Nayak J. Acetic Acid Production and Purification: Critical Review Towards Process Intensification. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2016.1185017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
19
|
Fan R, Ebrahimi M, Quitmann H, Aden M, Czermak P. An Innovative Optical Sensor for the Online Monitoring and Control of Biomass Concentration in a Membrane Bioreactor System for Lactic Acid Production. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16030411. [PMID: 27007380 PMCID: PMC4813986 DOI: 10.3390/s16030411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate real-time process control is necessary to increase process efficiency, and optical sensors offer a competitive solution because they provide diverse system information in a noninvasive manner. We used an innovative scattered light sensor for the online monitoring of biomass during lactic acid production in a membrane bioreactor system because biomass determines productivity in this type of process. The upper limit of the measurement range in fermentation broth containing Bacillus coagulans was ~2.2 g·L−1. The specific cell growth rate (µ) during the exponential phase was calculated using data representing the linear range (cell density ≤ 0.5 g·L−1). The results were consistently and reproducibly more accurate than offline measurements of optical density and cell dry weight, because more data were gathered in real-time over a shorter duration. Furthermore, µmax was measured under different filtration conditions (transmembrane pressure 0.3–1.2 bar, crossflow velocity 0.5–1.5 m·s−1), showing that energy input had no significant impact on cell growth. Cell density was monitored using the sensor during filtration and was maintained at a constant level by feeding with glucose according to the fermentation kinetics. Our novel sensor is therefore suitable for integration into control strategies for continuous fermentation in membrane bioreactor systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Fan
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Mehrdad Ebrahimi
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Hendrich Quitmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
| | - Matthias Aden
- FAUDI Aviation GmbH, Scharnhorststr. 7B, 35260 Stadtallendorf, Germany.
| | - Peter Czermak
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Membrane Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kansas State University, 1005 Durland Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
- Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Cai D, Chen C, Wang Z, Qin P, Tan T. Efficient magnesium lactate production with in situ product removal by crystallization. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 198:658-663. [PMID: 26433791 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, attempts were made to develop an in situ product removal process for magnesium lactate production based on crystallization. The crystallization was conducted at 42°C without seed crystal addition. The product concentration, productivity and yield of fermentation coupled with in situ product removal (ISPR) reached 143 g L(-1), 2.41 g L(-1)h(-1) and 94.3%. In four cycles of crystallization, the average reuse rate of fermentation medium and removal rate of product reached 64.0% and 77.7%. At the same time, ISPR fermentation saved 40% water, 41% inorganic salts and 43% yeast extract (YE) as compared to fed-batch fermentation. The process introduces an effective way to reduce the amount of waste water and the raw material cost in magnesium lactate fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Di Cai
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Changjing Chen
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Peiyong Qin
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- National Energy R&D Center for Biorefinery, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Potential and Prospects of Continuous Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Production. Bioengineering (Basel) 2015; 2:94-121. [PMID: 28955015 PMCID: PMC5597195 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering2020094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Together with other so-called “bio-plastics”, Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are expected to soon replace established polymers on the plastic market. As a prerequisite, optimized process design is needed to make PHAs attractive in terms of costs and quality. Nowadays, large-scale PHA production relies on discontinuous fed-batch cultivation in huge bioreactors. Such processes presuppose numerous shortcomings such as nonproductive time for reactor revamping, irregular product quality, limited possibility for supply of certain carbon substrates, and, most of all, insufficient productivity. Therefore, single- and multistage continuous PHA biosynthesis is increasingly investigated for production of different types of microbial PHAs; this goes for rather crystalline, thermoplastic PHA homopolyesters as well as for highly flexible PHA copolyesters, and even blocky-structured PHAs consisting of alternating soft and hard segments. Apart from enhanced productivity and constant product quality, chemostat processes can be used to elucidate kinetics of cell growth and PHA formation under constant process conditions. Furthermore, continuous enrichment processes constitute a tool to isolate novel powerful PHA-producing microbial strains adapted to special environmental conditions. The article discusses challenges, potential and case studies for continuous PHA production, and shows up new strategies to further enhance such processes economically by developing unsterile open continuous processes combined with the application of inexpensive carbon feedstocks.
Collapse
|
22
|
Fan R, Ebrahimi M, Quitmann H, Czermak P. Lactic acid production in a membrane bioreactor system with thermophilic Bacillus coagulans: fouling analysis of the used ceramic membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2015.1031401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Arcanjo M, Fernandes F, Silva IJ. Separation of Lactic Acid Produced by Hydrothermal Conversion of Glycerol Using Ion-Exchange Chromatography. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.33.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M.R.A. Arcanjo
- Research Group Separations by Adsorption (GPSA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - F.A.N. Fernandes
- Center for Analysis and Process Development (NADP), Campus do Pici, Bl. 709, CEP 60455-760 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - I. J. Silva
- Research Group Separations by Adsorption (GPSA), Department of Chemical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Improving the lactic acid production of Actinobacillus succinogenes by using a novel fermentation and separation integration system. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
25
|
Modelling and simulation of continuous L (+) lactic acid production from sugarcane juice in membrane integrated hybrid-reactor system. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
26
|
Castillo Martinez FA, Balciunas EM, Salgado JM, Domínguez González JM, Converti A, Oliveira RPDS. Lactic acid properties, applications and production: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2012.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
27
|
Quitmann H, Fan R, Czermak P. Acidic organic compounds in beverage, food, and feed production. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 143:91-141. [PMID: 24275825 DOI: 10.1007/10_2013_262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organic acids and their derivatives are frequently used in beverage, food, and feed production. Acidic additives may act as buffers to regulate acidity, antioxidants, preservatives, flavor enhancers, and sequestrants. Beneficial effects on animal health and growth performance have been observed when using acidic substances as feed additives. Organic acids could be classified in groups according to their chemical structure. Each group of organic acids has its own specific properties and is used for different applications. Organic acids with low molecular weight (e.g. acetic acid, lactic acid, and citric acid), which are part of the primary metabolism, are often produced by fermentation. Others are produced more economically by chemical synthesis based on petrochemical raw materials on an industrial scale (e.g. formic acid, propionic and benzoic acid). Biotechnology-based production is of interest due to legislation, consumer demand for natural ingredients, and increasing environmental awareness. In the United States, for example, biocatalytically produced esters for food applications can be labeled as "natural," whereas identical conventional acid catalyst-based molecules cannot. Natural esters command a price several times that of non-natural esters. Biotechnological routes need to be optimized regarding raw materials and yield, microorganisms, and recovery methods. New bioprocesses are being developed for organic acids, which are at this time commercially produced by chemical synthesis. Moreover, new organic acids that could be produced with biotechnological methods are under investigation for food applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hendrich Quitmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Science Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, 35390, Giessen, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|