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Hou Y, Mayer BK. The impact of PAC-loaded polymer membrane thickness on chloroform removal and comparison of solvent and thermal membrane regeneration methods. WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH : A RESEARCH PUBLICATION OF THE WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION 2024; 96:e11081. [PMID: 39023047 DOI: 10.1002/wer.11081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Powdered activated carbon (PAC) has better adsorption performance than granular activated carbon (GAC) and is widely used in water purification. In most cases, PAC is dosed into water directly, then precipitated as sludge, and landfilled. In this study, PAC was mixed with a polymer and dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent to form a PAC-loaded membrane, which was then tested for chloroform removal. The chloroform adsorption capacity of the PAC membrane increased with increasing membrane thickness because of higher carbon loading. However, regardless of membrane thickness, the flux of the PAC membranes was similar since flux resistance predominantly occurred at the top dense polymer surface. This dense surface can be removed by sandpaper polishing, where the adsorption capacity of the polished PAC membranes was 20% higher than the unpolished membranes because of more even distribution of feed water on the polished surface. Removal of the dense surface via polishing increased the flux by 97% to 130%, exceeding the flux of typical household carbon block filters. Using DMF to regenerate the membrane recovered 48% to 66% of the initial adsorption capacity. Thermal regeneration of the exhausted PAC membrane at 250°C was more effective than DMF regeneration (both in terms of cost and performance), with 83% to 94% PAC membrane regeneration efficiency over four regeneration recycles. After four thermal regeneration cycles, flux increased by 300% and the membrane became brittle because of thermal aging of the polymer, indicating that a total of 6 h of regeneration time (equivalent to three cycles in this study) was the limit for effective PAC membrane performance. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Powdered activated carbon was immobilized on a membrane to remove chloroform from water. Thicker membranes increased adsorption capacity but did not impact flux. Flux and capacity increased using polishing to remove the dense polymer surface and more evenly distribute flow across the membrane. Thermal regeneration of the membrane at 250°C was effective for up to three cycles and outperformed solvent-based regeneration. PAC-loaded filters are relevant for applications such as household carbon block filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Hou
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- A.O. Smith Corporation Technology Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Brooke K Mayer
- Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Marquette University, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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2
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Fei WQ, Guan J, Wan ZH, Zhang CM, Sun XF. Easily scale 3D conductive gradient fiber membrane for contaminants removal and fouling mitigation under electrochemical assistance. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141358. [PMID: 38311042 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
An electrochemical membrane filtration system provides an innovative approach to enhance contaminant removal and mitigate membrane fouling. There is an urgent need to develop portable, versatile, and efficient electrochemical membranes for affordable wastewater treatment. Here, a 3D conductive gradient fiber membrane (CC/PVDF) with a gradient porous structure was prepared using a two-step phase inversion method. Methyl orange (MO) was utilized as model organic substance to investigate the electrochemical performance of the CC/PVDF membrane. At applied potentials of +2 V, +3 V, -2 V and -3 V, the removal efficiency of MO was 5.1, 5.3, 4.8, and 5.1 times higher than at 0 V. A dramatic flux loss of 35.02% occurred on the membrane without electrochemistry, interestingly, whereas the flux losses were only 23.59%-10.24% in the applied potential after 30 min of filtration, which were approximately 1.18, 1.28, 1.29 and 1.38 times as high as that without electrochemistry, respectively. The enhanced removal and anti-fouling performances of the membranes were attributed to the functions of electrochemical degradation, electrostatic repulsion, and electrically enhanced wettability. Electrochemical generation of Hydrogen peroxide, along with HO• radicals, was detected and direct electron transfer and HO• were proved to be the dominant oxidants responsible for MO degradation. The intermediate oxidation products were identified by mass spectrometry, and an electrochemical degradation pathway of MO was proposed based on bond-breaking oxidation, ring-opening reactions, and complete oxidation. All the findings emphasize that the ECMF system possesses superior efficiency and creative potential for water purification applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qing Fei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Zhang-Hong Wan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Chun-Miao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Xue-Fei Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China.
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3
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Trinh PB, Schäfer AI. Removal of glyphosate (GLY) and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) by ultrafiltration with permeate-side polymer-based spherical activated carbon (UF-PBSAC). WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121021. [PMID: 38218047 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is the most commonly used herbicide worldwide, and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is one of its main metabolites. GLY and AMPA are toxic to humans, and their complex physicochemical properties present challenges in their removal from water. Several technologies have been applied to remove GLY and AMPA such as adsorption, filtration, and degradation with varied efficiencies. In previous works, an ultrafiltration membrane with permeate-side polymer-based spherical activated carbon (UF-PBSAC) showed the feasibility of removing uncharged micropollutants via adsorption in a flow-through configuration. The same UF-PBSAC was investigated for GLY and AMPA adsorption to assess the removal of charged and lower molecular weight micropollutants. The results indicated that both surface area and hydraulic residence time were limiting factors in GLY/AMPA adsorption by UF-PBSAC. The higher external surface of PBSAC with strong affinity for GLY and AMPA showed higher removal in a dynamic process where the hydraulic residence time was short (tens of seconds). Extending hydraulic residence times (hundreds of seconds) resulted in higher GLY/AMPA removal by allowing GLY/AMPA to diffuse into the PBSAC pores and reach more surfaces. Enhancement was achieved by minimising both limiting factors (external surface and hydraulic residence time) with a low flux of 25 L/m2.h, increased PBSAC layer of 6 mm, and small PBSAC particle size of 78 µm. With this configuration, UF-PBSAC could remove 98 % of GLY and 95 % of AMPA from an initial concentration of 1000 ng/L at pH 8.2 ± 0.2 and meet European Union (EU) regulation for herbicides (100 ng/L for individuals and 500 ng/L for total herbicides). The results implied that UF-PBSAC was able to remove charged micropollutants to the required levels and had potential for application in wastewater treatment and water reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong B Trinh
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen 76344, Germany.
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4
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Boussouga YA, Sacher F, Schäfer AI. Water quality of The Gambia River: A prospective drinking water supply. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 878:162794. [PMID: 36914135 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drinking water in The Gambia is mostly derived from boreholes that could potentially be contaminated. The Gambia River, a major river in West Africa that covers 12 % of the country's area, could be more exploited for drinking water supply. During the dry season, the total dissolved solids (TDS), ranging from 0.02 to 33 g/L in The Gambia River, decreases with the distance to the river mouth with no major inorganic contamination. The freshwater (<0.8 g/L TDS) starts from Jasobo at approximately 120 km from the river mouth and extends by about 350 km to the eastern border of The Gambia. With a dissolved organic carbon (DOC) ranging from 2 to 15 mgC/L, the natural organic matter (NOM) of The Gambia River was characterised by 40-60 % humic substances of paedogenic origin. With such characteristics, unknown disinfection by-products could be formed if chemical disinfection, such as chlorination, was implemented during treatment. Out of 103 types of micropollutants, 21 were detected (4 pesticides, 10 pharmaceuticals, 7 per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)) with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1500 ng/L. Pesticides, bisphenol A and PFAS concentrations were below the stricter EU guidelines set for drinking water. These were mainly confined to the urban area of high population density near the river mouth, while the quality of the freshwater region of low population density was surprisingly pristine. These results indicate that The Gambia River, especially in its upper regions, would be well suited as a drinking water supply when using decentralised ultrafiltration treatment for the removal of turbidity, as well as, depending on pore size, to a certain extent microorganisms and DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef-Amine Boussouga
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Frank Sacher
- DVGW-Technologiezentrum Wasser (TZW), Karlsruher Straße 84, Karlsruhe 76139, Germany
| | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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5
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Davoodbeygi Y, Askari M, Salehi E, Kheirieh S. A review on hybrid membrane-adsorption systems for intensified water and wastewater treatment: Process configurations, separation targets, and materials applied. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117577. [PMID: 36848812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In the era of rapid and conspicuous progress of water treatment technologies, combined adsorption and membrane filtration systems have gained great attention as a novel and efficient method for contaminant removal from aqueous phase. Further development of these techniques for water/wastewater treatment applications will be promising for the recovery of water resources as well as reducing the water tension throughout the world. This review introduces the state-of-the-art on the capabilities of the combined adsorption-membrane filtration systems for water and wastewater treatment applications. Technical information including employed materials, superiorities, operational limitations, process sustainability and upgradeing strategies for two general configurations i.e. hybrid (pre-adsorption and post-adsorption) and integrated (film adsorbents, low pressure membrane-adsorption coupling and membrane-adsorption bioreactors) systems has been surveyed and presented. Having a systematic look at the fundamentals of hybridization/integration of the two well-established and efficient separation methods as well as spotlighting the current status and prospectives of the combination strategies, this work will be valuable to all the interested researchers working on design and development of cutting-edge wastewater/water treatment techniques. This review also draws a clear roadmap for either decision making and choosing the best alternative for a specific target in water treatment or making a plan for further enhancement and scale-up of an available strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yegane Davoodbeygi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Nanoscience, Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdi Askari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran
| | - Ehsan Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Arak University, Arak, Iran.
| | - Sareh Kheirieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran
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6
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Loganathan P, Kandasamy J, Ratnaweera H, Vigneswaran S. Submerged membrane/adsorption hybrid process in water reclamation and concentrate management-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:42738-42752. [PMID: 36166127 PMCID: PMC10076408 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23229-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Clean water shortage is a major global problem due to escalating demand resulting from increasing human population growth and industrial activities, decreasing freshwater resources and persistent droughts. Recycling and reuse of wastewater by adopting efficient reclamation techniques can help solve this problem. However, wastewater contains a wide range of pollutants, which require removal before it may be reused. Adsorption and membrane processes are two successful treatments used to remove most of these pollutants. Their efficiency increases when these processes are integrated as observed, for example in a submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS). It uses coarse air bubbling/sparging to produce local shear which minimises reversible membrane fouling, improves performance and extends the life of the membrane. Additionally, the adsorbent acts as a buoyant media that produces an extra shearing effect on the membrane surface, reduces membrane resistance and increases flux. In addition, it adsorbs the organics that would otherwise deposit on and cause fouling of the membrane. The use of activated carbon (AC) adsorbent in SMAHS is very effective in removing most pollutants including natural organic matter (NOM) and organic micropollutants (OMPs) from wastewaters and membrane concentrate wastes, the latter being a serious problem in practical applications of the reverse osmosis process. However, certain NOM fractions and OMPs (i.e. hydrophilic and negatively charged ones) are not efficiently removed by AC. Other adsorbents need to be explored for their effective removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paripurnanda Loganathan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Jaya Kandasamy
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
| | - Harsha Ratnaweera
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2127 Australia
- Faculty of Sciences & Technology (RealTek), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box N-1432, Ås, Norway
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7
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Zhang J, Yu S, Wang J, Zhao ZP, Cai W. Advanced water treatment process by simultaneous coupling granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered carbon with ultrafiltration: Role of GAC particle shape and powdered carbon type. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 231:119606. [PMID: 36680821 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.119606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In current ultrafiltration systems, limited removal for small-sized contaminants and membrane fouling remain longstanding obstacles to overcome. Herein, a novel process by simultaneous coupling powered carbon (PC) and fluidized granular activated carbon (GAC) with ultrafiltration was proposed aiming to achieve high effluent quality and mitigated membrane fouling. This study conducted mechanistic explorations on the performances of different-shaped GAC particles on fouling control and PC release during fluidization, meanwhile comparing the utilizations of powdered activated carbon (PAC) and biochar in terms of their adsorption, deposition and interactions with aquatic contaminants during filtration. The results showed that the effluent COD of biochar-UF was slightly higher than PAC-UF attributed to lower specific surface area and pore volume present on biochar. Compared with PAC-UF, the biochar-UF without fluidized GAC exhibited higher fouling propensity due to more organics attached on membranes via bridging with Ca2+ released by the biochar. Concurrently, distinct morphologies were found for PAC and biochar depositions, where PAC uniformly dispersed on membranes but biochar tended to agglomerate. Interestingly, fluidized spherical GAC (RGAC) with highest particle momentum and least energy consumption appeared highly effective in reducing fouling associated with biochar, and the overall fouling rate of RGAC-biochar-UF was even lower than RGAC-PAC-UF system. More importantly, substantial amount of small-sized PC was released by two cylindrical-shaped GACs, which were determined to be around 12-16 mg/L in contrast to merely 3.4 mg/L produced from RGAC. Consequently, the RGAC-biochar-UF system achieved commensurate effluent quality but better permeability than RGAC-PAC-UF along with a 20% expenditure saved, which might be a promising water treatment system more suitable for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Sijia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China
| | - Weiwei Cai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 102488, China.
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8
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Influence of powdered activated carbon on gravity-driven ultrafiltration for decentralized drinking water treatment: Insights from microbial community and biofilm structure. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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9
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Kaya R, Yuksekdag A, Korkut S, Turken T, Pasaoglu ME, Ersahin ME, Ozgun H, Koyuncu I. Impact of membrane configuration on the performance and cost of a pilot-scale UF process treating surface water. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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10
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Poornima S, Manikandan S, Karthik V, Balachandar R, Subbaiya R, Saravanan M, Lan Chi NT, Pugazhendhi A. Emerging nanotechnology based advanced techniques for wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135050. [PMID: 35623429 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The increasing trend of industrialization leads to tremendous release of industrial effluents. Waste water treatment is one of the important sectors to focus in order to overcome the most threatening issue of waste disposal and to ensure sustainability. Sustainable and energy efficient treatment methods are the attractive technologies for their current implementation of waste management. Even though the existing technologies are effective, unsustainability makes them unfit for their extended applications. Conventional and advanced technologies have been extensively implemented for the treatment of wide spectrum of effluents. Hybrid technologies including chemical and biological methods also emerging as promising technologies but secondary sludge generation is still unaddressed. Even though effectiveness of biochar varies over type of contaminants, cost-effectiveness and eco-friendly nature extended their applications in waste management. Nanotechnology and membrane technology are the promising and emerging areas of interest due to their widespread applications in waste water treatment. Carbon nano structures, nano filters, graphene, nano magnets modified with activated carbon are the potential candidates for the treatment. The present review demonstrates the emerging treatment technologies with special focus to nano based waste water treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Poornima
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivasubramanian Manikandan
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha Nagar, Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vivekanandhan Karthik
- Department of Biotechnology, K. S. Rangasamy College of Technology, Tiruchengode, 637 215, Namakkal District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramalingam Balachandar
- Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha Engineering College, Aranvoyalkuppam, Poonamallee - Tiruvallur Road, Tiruvallur, 602 025, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Subbaiya
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, The Copperbelt University, Riverside, Jambo Drive, P O Box: 21692, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - Muthupandian Saravanan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, 600007, India
| | - Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi
- School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- Emerging Materials for Energy and Environmental Applications Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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Gao Z, Zhao ZP, Cai W. Chemically induced alteration in PAC characteristics and its influences on PAC/UF water treatment: Implications for on-line membrane cleaning with NaClO. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Chen L, Maqbool T, Fu W, Yang Y, Hou C, Guo J, Zhang X. Highly efficient manganese (III) oxide submerged catalytic ceramic membrane for nonradical degradation of emerging organic compounds. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Nain A, Sangili A, Hu SR, Chen CH, Chen YL, Chang HT. Recent progress in nanomaterial-functionalized membranes for removal of pollutants. iScience 2022; 25:104616. [PMID: 35789839 PMCID: PMC9250028 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane technology has gained tremendous attention for removing pollutants from wastewater, mainly due to their affordable capital cost, miniature equipment size, low energy consumption, and high efficiency even for the pollutants present in lower concentrations. In this paper, we review the literature to summarize the progress of nanomaterial-modified membranes for wastewater treatment applications. Introduction of nanomaterial in the polymeric matrix influences membrane properties such as surface roughness, hydrophobicity, porosity, and fouling resistance. This review also covers the importance of functionalization strategies to prepare thin-film nanocomposite hybrid membranes and their effect on eliminating pollutants. Systematic discussion regarding the impact of the nanomaterials incorporated within membrane, toward the recovery of various pollutants such as metal ions, organic compounds, dyes, and microbes. Successful examples are provided to show the potential of nanomaterial-functionalized membranes for regeneration of wastewater. In the end, future prospects are discussed to develop nanomaterial-based membrane technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nain
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Arumugam Sangili
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Ruei Hu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ling Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 621301, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Huan-Tsung Chang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Pre-depositing versus mixing powdered activated carbons for gravity-driven membrane systems during treated domestic wastewater filtration: Permeability stabilization and removal performance. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Kinetic Study and Modeling of the Degradation of Aqueous Ammonium/Ammonia Solutions by Heterogeneous Photocatalysis with TiO2 in a UV-C Pilot Photoreactor. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation mechanism of NH4+/NH3 in aqueous solutions by heterogeneous photocatalysis (TiO2/SiO2) and photolysis in UV-C pilot photoreactor has been studied. Under the conditions used, NH4+/NH3 can be decomposed both by photolytically and photocatalytically, without disregarding stripping processes. The greatest degradation is achieved at the highest pH studied (pH 11.0) and at higher lamp irradiation power used (25 W) with degradation performances of 44.1% (photolysis) and 59.7% (photocatalysis). The experimental kinetic data fit well with a two parallel reactions mechanism. A low affinity of ammonia for adsorption and surface reaction on the photocatalytic fiber was observed (coverage not higher than 10%), indicating a low influence of surface phenomena on the reaction rate, the homogeneous phase being predominant over the heterogeneous phase. The proposed reaction mechanism was validated, confirming that it is consistent with the photocatalytic and photolytic formation of nitrogen gas, on the one hand, and the formation of nitrate, on the other hand. At the optimal conditions, the rate constants were k3 = 0.154 h−1 for the disappearance of ammonia and k1 = 3.3 ± 0.2 10−5 h−1 and k2 = 1.54 ± 0.07 10−1 h−1 for the appearance of nitrate and nitrogen gas, respectively.
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16
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Schwaller C, Fokkens K, Helmreich B, Drewes JE. CFD simulations of flow fields during ultrafiltration: Effects of hydrodynamic strain rates with and without a particle cake layer on the permeation of mobile genetic elements. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Kashaninia F, Sarpoolaky H, Rezaei HR. Synthesis of Clay-Based Adsorptive Microfiltration Membranes. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x21060047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Simultaneous coupling of fluidized granular activated carbon (GAC) and powdered activated carbon (PAC) with ultrafiltration process: A promising synergistic alternative for water treatment. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Activated Carbon and Coconut Coir with the Incorporation of ABR System as Greywater Filter: The Implications for Wastewater Treatment. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14021026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Greywater refers to wastewater generated from domestic activities, which do not contain fecal contamination. Therefore, this study aims to treat greywater in Makassar city to speed up the water cycle and enable reuse, as an environmental conservation strategy. The water parameters measured were pH, Turbidity, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). According to the results, the greywater’s BOD, COD, and TTS contents were 49.98 to 54.88 mg/L, 509 to 655 mg/L, and 404.40 to 464.65 mg/L, respectively, all of which exceed WHO wastewater quality standards. The use of a wastewater treatment installation comprising a combination of Activated Carbon (AC) and Coconut Coir (CC) with the incorporation of the Anaerobic Baffle Reactor (ABR) system as a greywater filter successfully reduced the city’s greywater pollution. In addition, the new BOD content fulfills the environmentally safe wastewater standards, while the new COD and TSS contents were 152 mg/L to 184 mg/L and 59.68 mg/L to 77.42 mg/L, respectively, which are close to the WHO domestic wastewater quality standards.
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Pan L, Nakayama A, Matsui Y, Matsushita T, Shirasaki N. Desorption of micropollutant from superfine and normal powdered activated carbon in submerged-membrane system due to influent concentration change in the presence of natural organic matter: Experiments and two-component branched-pore kinetic model. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 208:117872. [PMID: 34837808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Submerged-membrane hybrid systems (SMHSs) that combine membrane filtration with powdered activated carbon (PAC) take advantage of PAC's ability to adsorb and remove contaminants dissolved in water. However, the risk of contaminant desorption due to temporal changes in the influent concentration of the contaminant has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, we used a SMHS with conventionally-sized PAC or superfine PAC (SPAC) to remove 2-methylisoborneol (MIB), a representative micropollutant, from water containing natural organic matter (NOM), with the goal of elucidating adsorption-desorption phenomena in the SMHS. We found that 20-40% of the MIB that adsorbed on PAC and SPAC while the influent was contaminated with MIB (6 h, contamination period) desorbed to the liquid phase within 6 h from the time that the MIB-containing influent was replaced by MIB-free influent (no-contamination period). The percentage of desorption during the no-contamination period increased with increasing MIB breakthrough concentration during the contamination period. These findings indicate that the PAC/SPAC in the SMHS should be replaced while the breakthrough concentration is low, not only to keep a high removal rate but also to decrease the desorption risk. SPAC is fast in removal by adsorption, but it is also fast in release by desorption. SPAC (median diameter: 0.94 µm) showed almost the same adsorption-desorption kinetics as PAC (12.1 µm) of a double dose. A two-component branched-pore diffusion model combined with an IAST (ideal adsorbed solution theory)-Freundlich isotherm was used to describe and analyze the adsorption-desorption of MIB. The diffusivity of MIB molecules in the pores of the activated carbon particles decreased markedly in a short period of time. This decrease, which was attributed to fouling of the activated carbon in the SMHS by coagulant-treated water containing NOM, not only reduced the rate of MIB removal during the contamination period but also hindered the rate of MIB desorption during the no-contamination period and thus prevented the effluent MIB concentration from becoming high. On the other hand, coagulation did not change the concentration of NOM that competes with MIB for adsorption sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Pan
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Taku Matsushita
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Shirasaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
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Fan K, Su J, Zeng Z, Hu J, Yang H, Hou Z. Anti-fouling and protein separation of PVDF-g-PMAA@MnO 2 filtration membrane with in-situ grown MnO 2 nanorods. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131756. [PMID: 34365174 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
MnO2 nanorods with controllable scale were grown in the PVDF-g-PMAA modified membrane to form PVDF-g-PMAA@ MnO2 membrane through the in situ redox reaction of KMnO4 solution, which is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy-dispersion spectroscopy (EDX). The pore size of the membrane decreased with the increase of KMnO4 solution concentration. The thermodynamic stability and the hydrophilicity of the membrane were also enhanced by the MnO2 nanorods. The water flux, bovine serum albumin (BSA)/Lysozyme protein solution flux and rejection, flux recovery, etc. showed effective improvement of the anti-fouling performance of the PVDF-g-PMAA@ MnO2 membrane. More importantly, it can effectively separate BSA from lysozyme, which provided a potential application in the field of biology, food, and other industrial fields for the requirement of separation and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fan
- School of Architecture and Materials, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, 401331, China; Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Jiang Su
- School of Architecture and Materials, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Zihang Zeng
- School of Architecture and Materials, Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory (SSRF, ZJLab), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Haijun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory (SSRF, ZJLab), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China.
| | - Zhengchi Hou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China; Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory (SSRF, ZJLab), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China.
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Othman NH, Alias NH, Fuzil NS, Marpani F, Shahruddin MZ, Chew CM, David Ng KM, Lau WJ, Ismail AF. A Review on the Use of Membrane Technology Systems in Developing Countries. MEMBRANES 2021; 12:30. [PMID: 35054556 PMCID: PMC8779680 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fulfilling the demand of clean potable water to the general public has long been a challenging task in most developing countries due to various reasons. Large-scale membrane water treatment systems have proven to be successful in many advanced countries in the past two decades. This paves the way for developing countries to study the feasibility and adopt the utilization of membrane technology in water treatment. There are still many challenges to overcome, particularly on the much higher capital and operational cost of membrane technology compared to the conventional water treatment system. This review aims to delve into the progress of membrane technology for water treatment systems, particularly in developing countries. It first concentrates on membrane classification and its application in water treatment, including membrane technology progress for large-scale water treatment systems. Then, the fouling issue and ways to mitigate the fouling will be discussed. The feasibility of membrane technologies in developing countries was then evaluated, followed by a discussion on the challenges and opportunities of the membrane technology implementation. Finally, the current trend of membrane research was highlighted to address future perspectives of the membrane technologies for clean water production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hidayati Othman
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (N.S.F.); (F.M.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Nur Hashimah Alias
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (N.S.F.); (F.M.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Nurul Syazana Fuzil
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (N.S.F.); (F.M.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Fauziah Marpani
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (N.S.F.); (F.M.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Munawar Zaman Shahruddin
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam 40450, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.A.); (N.S.F.); (F.M.); (M.Z.S.)
| | - Chun Ming Chew
- Taman Industri Meranti Perdana, Pusat Teknologi Sinar Meranti, Techkem Group, No. 6, Jalan IMP 1/3, Puchong 47120, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Kam Meng David Ng
- Taman Industri Meranti Perdana, Pusat Teknologi Sinar Meranti, Techkem Group, No. 6, Jalan IMP 1/3, Puchong 47120, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (W.J.L.); (A.F.I.)
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; (W.J.L.); (A.F.I.)
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Wei Z, Semiat R, Shemer H. A hybrid iron oxyhydroxide agglomerates-ultrafiltration process for efficient removal of chromate. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2021; 42:4229-4236. [PMID: 32241243 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2020.1751728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is often detected in groundwater, surface water and soils. The objective of the research was to study a hybrid process of adsorption onto iron oxyhydroxide agglomerates (IOAs) and ultrafiltration (UF) for removal of Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. Initially, the adsorption of the chromium onto IOAs was characterized by SEM and Raman analyses. Next, the IOAs dosages, required to obtain the regulatory limit of Cr(VI) ≤ 0.05-0.10 mg/L, at varying initial Cr(VI) concentrations, were determined in batch beaker tests and stirred tank reactor. The UF membrane held back efficiently the IOAs, at varying IOAs dosages, transmembrane pressures, and filtration velocities. Cake filtration was determined as the predominant fouling mechanism of the UF membrane. The fouling was reversible by backwash yet, faster fouling rates were obtained in consecutive filtration/backwash cycles. The results point to the applicability of the hybrid adsorption/UF process as a potent method for chromium removal from contaminated water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongsu Wei
- Centre for Water Technology, Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Semiat
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hilla Shemer
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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Role of different dimensional carbon nanoparticles in catalytic oxidation of organic pollutants and alleviating membrane fouling during ultrafiltration of surface water. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Preparation and Performance of PAN-PAC Nanofibers by Electrospinning Process to Remove NOM from Water. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164426. [PMID: 34442950 PMCID: PMC8400080 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The technology based on electrospun membranes exhibits great potential in water treatment. This study presents experimental data involving the fabrication of nanofiber membranes with powdered activated carbon (PAC) and its application for the removal of natural organic matter. The fabricated membrane materials were characterized using various techniques. These include scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction analysis. The incorporation of PAC nanoparticles influences the structure and physicochemical properties as well as the transport and separation characteristics of the produced membranes. The applicability of the fabricated carbon-based membrane was tested in the filtration experiments. The fabricated membrane is characterized by a high NOM removal efficiency of 79% in the filtration process. Further modification of the membrane composition may result in a further increase in the efficiency of removing contaminants from water.
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Effects of Ferrihydrite-Impregnated Powdered Activated Carbon on Phosphate Removal and Biofouling of Ultrafiltration Membrane. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The presence of multiple contaminant species in surface waters makes surface water treatment difficult to accomplish through a single process. Herein, we evaluated the ability of an integrated adsorption/ultrafiltration (UF) membrane filtration system to simultaneously remove phosphates and dissolved organic matter (DOM). When bare powdered activated carbon (PAC) and PAC impregnated with amorphous ferrihydrite (FHPAC) adsorbents were compared, FHPAC showed a greater adsorption rate and capacity for phosphate. FHPAC had a phosphate adsorption capacity of 2.32 mg PO43−/g FHPAC, even when DOM was present as a competing adsorbate. In a lab-scale hybrid FHPAC-UF system (i.e. integrated adsorption by FHPAC with UF membrane filtration), irreversible membrane fouling was ca. three times lower than that in a PAC-UF system. When membrane fouling in the PAC-UF system was described with pore blockage models, we found that the main cause of fouling was bacterial deposition on the membrane surface. CLSM analysis determined that the chemical composition of foulants in the PAC-UF system included higher proportions of proteins, nucleic acids, and alpha-polysaccharides than that in the FHPAC-UF system. Overall, FHPAC’s ability to undergo ligand exchanges with DOM helped to reduce the nutrients and bacteria that cause biofouling to accumulate on the membrane surface.
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Shi Y, Zhang Z, Zhang M, Ding G, Zhao B, Wang L, Zhang H. Biological membrane fouling control with the integrated and separated processes of MIEX and UF. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Ribes S, Ruiz-Rico M, Moreno-Mesonero L, Moreno Y, Barat JM. Natural antimicrobial compounds immobilised on silica microparticles as filtering materials: Impact on the metabolic activity and bacterial viability of waterborne microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2021; 21:101219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2020.101219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
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Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic Microfiltration for Treating Challenging Waters for Drinking Water Production. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020091. [PMID: 33514022 PMCID: PMC7911376 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Pressurized powdered activated carbon/coagulation/ceramic microfiltration (PAC/Alum/MF) was investigated at pilot scale for treating low turbidity and low natural organic matter (NOM) surface waters spiked with organic microcontaminants. A total of 11 trials with clarified or non-clarified waters spiked with pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, or microcystins were conducted to assess the removal of microcontaminants, NOM (as 254 nm absorbance, A254, and dissolved organic carbon, DOC), trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP), aerobic endospores as protozoan (oo)cysts indicators, bacteriophages as viruses indicators, and regular drinking water quality parameters. PAC/(Alum)/MF achieved 75% to complete removal of total microcontaminants with 4-18 mg/L of a mesoporous PAC and 2 h contact time, with a reliable particle separation (turbidity < 0.03 NTU) and low aluminium residuals. Microcontaminants showed different amenabilities to PAC adsorption, depending on their charge, hydrophobicity (Log Kow), polar surface area and aromatic rings count. Compounds less amenable to adsorption showed higher vulnerability to NOM competition (higher A254 waters), greatly benefiting from DOC-normalized PAC dose increase. PAC/Alum/MF also attained 29-47% NOM median removal, decreasing THMFP by 26%. PAC complemented NOM removal by coagulation (+15-19%), though with no substantial improvement towards THMFP and membrane fouling. Furthermore, PAC/Alum/MF was a full barrier against aerobic endospores, and PAC dosing was crucial for ≥1.1-log reduction in bacteriophages.
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Hybrid Process of Adsorption/Coagulation/Ceramic MF for Removing Pesticides in Drinking Water Treatment-Inline vs. Contact Tank PAC Dosing. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11020072. [PMID: 33498247 PMCID: PMC7909294 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Two pilot trials of powdered activated carbon (PAC)/(coagulation)/ceramic microfiltration were conducted to compare continuous 10-12 mg/L PAC inline dosing with 8-10 mg/L dosing to a 2 h-contact tank. Two low turbidity/low natural organic matter (NOM, total organic carbon <2 mg C/L) surface waters spiked with 7.2-10.3 µg/L total-pesticides were tested and the dosing options were compared towards operational performance, average removal of pesticides and NOM and costs. Removal differences between the two PAC dosing options depended on pesticides' amenability to adsorption and NOM characteristics (254 nm absorbance, A254). Waters containing low A254-absorbing NOM and only pesticides amenable to adsorption showed very high removals (all pesticides ≥93%) and no significant differences between the two PAC dosing options. Waters containing higher A254-absorbing NOM and high loads of pesticides less amenable to adsorption (dimethoate, bentazone) required higher inline PAC dose. Those or more severe conditions may require PAC doses higher than tested to comply with the Drinking Water Directive limits for pesticides. Cost analysis showed PAC inline dosing is more cost-effective than PAC dosing to the contact tank when identical PAC dose is sufficient or when the doses are low, even if 50% higher for inline dosing, and the plant is small.
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Campinas M, Viegas RM, Silva C, Lucas H, Rosa MJ. Operational performance and cost analysis of PAC/ceramic MF for drinking water production: Exploring treatment capacity as a new indicator for performance assessment and optimization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Khan IA, Lee YS, Kim JO. Optimization of preoxidation to reduce scaling during cleaning-in-place of membrane treatment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123212. [PMID: 32947743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the potential for reducing scaling during chemical cleaning of polyvinylidene fluoride membranes by optimizing preoxidation dose and pH. Membranes were fouled by a solution containing inorganic foulants (aluminum, iron, and manganese), humic acid, and kaolin at a Ca+2 strength of 0.5 mM and varying the preoxidation dose. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy was used to verify the presence of inorganic foulants after cleaning. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed changes in CCl and C-F functional groups, with bond vibrations at 542 cm-1 and 1199 cm-1, respectively. Minimum irreversible fouling of 5.4% and maximum flux recovery of 88.8% of the initial value were associated with a preoxidation dose of 1.5 mg/L and pH 8.5. A decrease in amount of aluminum from 5.79 ± 0.021 mg to 3.85 ± 0.054 mg in the presence of humic acid with a removal efficiency greater than 60% was due to alteration of the feed solution, as revealed by mass-balance analysis. Membrane characterization and fouling reversibility analysis confirmed that preoxidation of the feed solution produced less scaling during chemical cleaning. The cake layer fouling contribution was determined by fitting results of Hermia's fouling model analysis, with 1.34-1.85 times lower total fouling indices and 3-5.5 times lower chemically irreversible fouling indices at pH 8.5 and a preoxidation dose of 1.5 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imtiaz Afzal Khan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Soo Lee
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Oh Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea.
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Wang C, Fu T, Zhu Q, Yang R, Cao Y, Zhu J. A novel polyethersulfone/modified activated carbon fiber composite membrane: potential for removal micropollutants from water under the electric field. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2234-2249. [PMID: 33339780 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel composite membrane based on polyethersulfone (PES) and modified activated carbon fibers (ACFs) to remove of sulfamethoxazole (SMZ) from water. The modification of ACFs was conducted by using acid, Fe, and Mn and was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and water contact angle measurement. Later on, the composite membranes were prepared using PES (9 wt%), N-N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) (75 wt%), polyethylene pyrrolidone (PVP) (5 wt%), anhydrous lithium chloride (LiCl) (1 wt%), and various types of modified ACFs (0.8 wt%) as additives. It was found that the contact angle of the membrane decreased by more than 20°, and the zeta potential decreased by more than 10 mV. ACF modified by Fe was used as an admixture, membrane obtained the high comprehensive performance. Especially bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection rate and flux recovery ratio (FRR) reached 98.8% and 98.4%, respectively. And the removal rates of SMZ increased by 24.6% under the electric field. The degradation products were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS). Based on this result, the possible degradation pathways of SMZ are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cunshi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Ting Fu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail: ; China Design Group Co. Ltd, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qiuzi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Ruihong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail: ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou Polytechnic Institute, Yangzhou 225127, China
| | - Yanyan Cao
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
| | - Jianzhong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China E-mail:
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Tagliavini M, Weidler PG, Njel C, Pohl J, Richter D, Böhringer B, Schäfer AI. Polymer-based spherical activated carbon - ultrafiltration (UF-PBSAC) for the adsorption of steroid hormones from water: Material characteristics and process configuration. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 185:116249. [PMID: 32777598 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European Union has proposed the value of 1 ng L-1 as a drinking water quality standard for estradiol. With conventional technologies only partially removing estradiol, the investigation of novel alternatives is more than ever required. Tagliavini and Schäfer proposed that the use of a thin activated carbon layer combined with a membrane is worth considering. In this work, the process was further advanced through a systematic investigation of the role of activated carbon size, activation and surface chemistry on the removal of estradiol. The use of smaller carbon particles allows reaching the ambitious target value of 1 ng L-1 in a millimetric layer. Further, adsorption kinetic enhancement by increasing the oxygen content on the carbon improves the removal from 96 to 99 % (for a layer of 2 mm) for OH-containing pollutants such as estradiol. High removal, together with low pressure and no by-product formation, are characteristics that make the UF-PBSAC a promising and competitive approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Tagliavini
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter Georg Weidler
- Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christian Njel
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Julia Pohl
- Blücher GmbH, Mettmanner Straße 25, 40699 Erkrath, Germany
| | - Dennis Richter
- Blücher GmbH, Mettmanner Straße 25, 40699 Erkrath, Germany
| | | | - Andrea I Schäfer
- Institute for Advanced Membrane Technology (IAMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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35
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Fate of COVID-19 Occurrences in Wastewater Systems: Emerging Detection and Treatment Technologies—A Review. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12102680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is currently posing a significant threat to the world’s public health and social-economic growth. Despite the rigorous international lockdown and quarantine efforts, the rate of COVID-19 infectious cases remains exceptionally high. Notwithstanding, the end route of COVID-19, together with emerging contaminants’ (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, nanoplastics, pesticide, etc.) occurrence in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), poses a great challenge in wastewater settings. Therefore, this paper seeks to review an inter-disciplinary and technological approach as a roadmap for the water and wastewater settings to help fight COVID-19 and future waves of pandemics. This study explored wastewater–based epidemiology (WBE) potential for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and its metabolites in wastewater settings. Furthermore, the prospects of integrating innovative and robust technologies such as magnetic nanotechnology, advanced oxidation process, biosensors, and membrane bioreactors into the WWTPs to augment the risk of COVID-19’s environmental impacts and improve water quality are discussed. In terms of the diagnostics of COVID-19, potential biosensors such as sample–answer chip-, paper- and nanomaterials-based biosensors are highlighted. In conclusion, sewage treatment systems, together with magnetic biosensor diagnostics and WBE, could be a possible way to keep a surveillance on the outbreak of COVID-19 in communities around the globe, thereby identifying hotspots and curbing the diagnostic costs of testing. Photocatalysis prospects are high to inactivate coronavirus, and therefore a focus on safe nanotechnology and bioengineering should be encouraged.
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Hethnawi A, Khderat W, Hashlamoun K, Kanan A, Nassar NN. Enhancing Chromium (VI) removal from synthetic and real tannery effluents by using diatomite-embedded nanopyroxene. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 252:126523. [PMID: 32229355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A commercial filter aid material of Diatomite was modified via loading it with a low mass fraction of polyethylenimine-functionalized pyroxene nanoparticles (PEI-PNs) to enhance its adsorption activities. The modified Diatomite was then used for Cr(VI) removal from dichromate solution and from real tannery wastewater. For the synthetic wastewater, batch adsorption experiments were first performed at various pH and Cr(VI) initial concentrations. Then, the obtained kinetic parameters were used to investigate the continuous adsorption inside the fixed-bed column. The continuous removal of the Cr(VI) was performed inside a fixed-bed column under various influent flow rates, Cr(VI) initial concentrations, and bed-heights. In the column experiments, high adsorption of Cr(VI) was observed at low flow rates, high bed heights, and low influent initial concentrations. A dimensionless form of the advection-axial dispersion model, featuring Peclet number as a fitting parameter, was then used to study the breakthrough behavior under various dynamic parameters. Afterward, the modified Diatomite was used to remediate well characterized real tannery wastewater. For the treatment of the tannery wastewater, our modified filter aid, compared with the non-modified one, showed an outstanding performance and a higher removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afif Hethnawi
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Wisal Khderat
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Al-Quds University, P.O Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Kotaybah Hashlamoun
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Amer Kanan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Al-Quds University, P.O Box 20002, Jerusalem, Palestine
| | - Nashaat N Nassar
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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37
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Metformin Removal from Water Using Fixed-bed Column of Silica-Alumina Composite. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Mohseni M, Postacchini P, Demeestere K, Du Laing G, Yüce S, Wessling M. Freestanding PAC/CNT microtubes remove sulfamethoxazole from water through a temperature-assisted cyclic process. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 392:122133. [PMID: 32097849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Mohseni
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pietro Postacchini
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gijs Du Laing
- Ghent University, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Süleyman Yüce
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Wessling
- RWTH Aachen University, Aachener Verfahrenstechnik - Chemical Process Engineering, Forckenbeckstr. 51, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Zhang J, Nguyen MN, Li Y, Yang C, Schäfer AI. Steroid hormone micropollutant removal from water with activated carbon fiber-ultrafiltration composite membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 391:122020. [PMID: 32058226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Short activated carbon fibers (ACF) with high surface area were fabricated via carbonization in N2 and activation in CO2 at high temperatures, with cellulose fibers as the raw materials. The obtained ACF were subsequently deposited into the support layer of a polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration membrane by a facile filtration process to obtain the sandwich structured ACF-PES composite membrane. The hormone (17β-estradiol, E2) adsorption kinetics and isotherm of ACF in static conditions, as well as E2 removal by filtration with the ACF-PES composite membrane were investigated. In static conditions, ACF rapidly and efficiently adsorbs E2 evidenced by a high removal of >97 %. The fitting of second order kinetics and linear (Henry) adsorption isotherm models indicated the availability of easily accessible adsorption sites. Besides, such efficient E2 adsorption was contributed by many interactions between E2 and ACF, namely hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking. The incorporation of ACF in a PES membrane resulted in a minor loss of filtration flux compared with the control membrane, but significantly improved E2 removal through adsorption pathway. With only 1.0 mg ACF incorporated (loading 2.0 g/m2), the composite membrane could reject 76 % of E2 from a 100 ng/L solution at a flux of 450 L/m2∙h, demonstrating that ACF-PES can overcome the permeability-selectivity trade-off of traditional UF membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinju Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Membrane Technology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG-MT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Minh Nhat Nguyen
- Membrane Technology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG-MT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Yanxiang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Chuanfang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Andrea Iris Schäfer
- Membrane Technology Department, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG-MT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
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40
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Chen Z, Mahmud S, Cai L, He Z, Yang Y, Zhang L, Zhao S, Xiong Z. Hierarchical poly(vinylidene fluoride)/active carbon composite membrane with self-confining functional carbon nanotube layer for intractable wastewater remediation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Obotey Ezugbe E, Rathilal S. Membrane Technologies in Wastewater Treatment: A Review. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E89. [PMID: 32365810 PMCID: PMC7281250 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10050089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
In the face of water shortages, the world seeks to explore all available options in reducing the over exploitation of limited freshwater resources. One of the surest available water resources is wastewater. As the population grows, industrial, agricultural, and domestic activities increase accordingly in order to cater for the voluminous needs of man. These activities produce large volumes of wastewater from which water can be reclaimed to serve many purposes. Over the years, conventional wastewater treatment processes have succeeded to some extent in treating effluents for discharge purposes. However, improvements in wastewater treatment processes are necessary in order to make treated wastewater re-usable for industrial, agricultural, and domestic purposes. Membrane technology has emerged as a favorite choice for reclaiming water from different wastewater streams for re-use. This review looks at the trending membrane technologies in wastewater treatment, their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses membrane fouling, membrane cleaning, and membrane modules. Finally, recommendations for future research pertaining to the application of membrane technology in wastewater treatment are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elorm Obotey Ezugbe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa;
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42
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Ma Y, Velioğlu S, Tanis-Kanbur MB, Wang R, Chew JW. Mechanistic understanding of the adsorption of natural organic matter by heated aluminum oxide particles (HAOPs) via molecular dynamics simulation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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43
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Wang J, Cahyadi A, Wu B, Pee W, Fane AG, Chew JW. The roles of particles in enhancing membrane filtration: A review. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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44
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45
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Drinking-Water Supply for CKDu Affected Areas of Sri Lanka, Using Nanofiltration Membrane Technology: From Laboratory to Practice. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Installation of decentralized water-treatment plants is an ideal option to supply safe drinking water for rural communities. Presently in Sri Lanka, over 3.6 million villagers face acute water-quality problems, and chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is also prevalent among this community. Most of the drinking water in these villages is unpalatable due to high hardness and salinity. As an interim measure, reverse-osmosis (RO) water-treatment plants are introduced to provide safe water. However, due to deficient electrolytes, RO-treated water tastes unpleasant to some consumers; hence, people refuse it after prolonged use. The operation, maintenance, and management of RO plants are other major problems. Aimed at providing safe drinking water to the rural sector in a cost-effective manner, in this study, we fabricated an automated drinking-water purification system based on nanofiltration (NF) membrane technology, which can remove divalent cations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and pathogens efficiently, and monovalent ions partially, and thus keep electrolytes to some degree. Ten commercial NF membranes were tested in a laboratory, for solute and DOC removal efficiency and robustness. The DF-90 membrane showed the highest removal of DOC and hardness, and it was therefore selected, to design a pilot NF drinking-water treatment plant. The adhered DOC by the membrane can be cleaned by NaOH solution (pH = 12). The pilot NF drinking-water treatment plant has been in use since September 2018, and it shows excellent performance of removing DOC, TDS, hardness, fluoride, and pathogens in groundwater, and the permeate water of the NF plant has been well-accepted by the stakeholders of the society. The dominant genus of source water, and throughout the two processes (NF and RO), is Pseudomonas, and their difference is significant in the concentrates of the NF and RO processes.
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46
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Xu D, Bai L, Tang X, Niu D, Luo X, Zhu X, Li G, Liang H. A comparison study of sand filtration and ultrafiltration in drinking water treatment: Removal of organic foulants and disinfection by-product formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:322-331. [PMID: 31323577 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A detailed comparison of sand filtration (SF) and ultrafiltration (UF) was conducted in this study with the aim to provide systematic support for alternative UF and SF technologies. The results of natural organic matter (NOM) removal indicated that SF conferred a slightly higher removal rate for UV-absorbing compounds, humic-like substances and protein-like substances than UF, with removal efficiencies of 21.9%, 19.8% and 26.1%, respectively. In addition, SF and UF exhibited different removal performances for organic fractions: UF better removed high molecular-weight (MW) organics, while SF exhibited higher removal of medium-MW organics. Furthermore, chlorine and chlorine dioxide were used as disinfectants to compare the different influences of SF and UF on disinfection by-product (DBP) formation. Unexpectedly, SF exhibited a better capacity for reducing the formation of chlorite than the UF process, with concentrations of 0.57 mg/L and 0.69 mg/L, respectively. Importantly, for the emergency scenario, e.g. seasonal algae pollution, the UF process achieved significantly higher removal of algae cells (98.7%) than SF due to size exclusion, indicating substantial resistance to algae load shocks. Therefore, these findings are beneficial for making practical decisions to adopt SF or UF technology in drinking water treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Langming Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Dongyuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xingsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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Shemer H, Melki-Dabush N, Semiat R. Removal of silica from brackish water by integrated adsorption/ultrafiltration process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:31623-31631. [PMID: 31482524 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06363-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A lab-scale unit of the hybrid continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) adsorption/ultrafiltration (UF) system was used to evaluate the removal efficiency of silica from brackish water. The semi-batch adsorption process was carried out using iron oxy/hydroxide agglomerates (IOAs) as adsorbent and hollow fiber ultrafiltration membrane as a barrier to the adsorbent passage to the product water. The effect of residence time, concentration of silica, and adsorbent dosage on the silica removal and UF membrane blockage was examined. It was found that a short residence time of 15 min was sufficient to achieve the maximum adsorption capacity similar to that obtained in batch isotherm experiments. The adsorption capacity increased with the augmentation of the silica concentration and decreased with the increase in the adsorbent dosage. The UF was effectively employed to separate the loaded adsorbent without fouling the membrane until breakthrough. A simple model was applied to accurately predict the adsorption breakthrough curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilla Shemer
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Nitzan Melki-Dabush
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
| | - Raphael Semiat
- GWRI Rabin Desalination Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, 3200003, Haifa, Israel
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48
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Li H, Wang M, Shen X, Liu S, Wang Y, Li Y, Wang Q, Che G. Rapid and sensitive detection of enrofloxacin hydrochloride based on surface enhanced Raman scattering-active flexible membrane assemblies of Ag nanoparticles. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 249:109387. [PMID: 31466041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The abuse of antibiotics resulted in the pollution of river is more and more serious and it was necessary to exploit a sensitive detection method to improve the traditional analysis measurement. In this test, it is reported an Ag-based SERS sensing membrane synthesized by the technique of SERS detection and membrane separation. SERS analysis technique presented sensitive detection property, which could be applied into trace analysis. Membrane separation could effectively enrich the analytes to improve the sensitivity. The SERS membrane was synthesized by filtrating Ag nanoparticles (NPs) on the surface and investigating the amount of PVP and Ag NPs to the sensitivity. Meanwhile, the addition of Ag NPs effectively improved the hydrophilia to promote the detection effectivity in the water. By the investigations of optical analysis, the SERS membrane presented high sensitivity in the detection of antibiotics. Under the optimal condition, the SERS intensity presented good linear relationship with the concentration of antibiotics between 1.0 nmol L-1 and 200 nmol L-1. This method provided a sensitive detection approach and broadened the investigation field of antibiotics detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongji Li
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, PR China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
| | - Mingchao Wang
- College of Physics, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China
| | - Xiaoxue Shen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China
| | - Sui Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China
| | - Yue Li
- College of Chemistry, Jilin Normal University, Siping, 136000, PR China
| | - Qingwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China.
| | - Guangbo Che
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials (Jilin Normal University), Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130103, PR China; Key Laboratory of Functional Materials Physics and Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, PR China
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49
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Xing J, Liang H, Cheng X, Yang H, Xu D, Gan Z, Luo X, Zhu X, Li G. Combined effects of coagulation and adsorption on ultrafiltration membrane fouling control and subsequent disinfection in drinking water treatment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:33770-33780. [PMID: 29860690 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2416-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the combined effects of coagulation and powdered activated carbon (PAC) adsorption on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane fouling control and subsequent disinfection efficiency through filtration performance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal, fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy, and disinfectant curve. The fouling behavior of UF membrane was comprehensively analyzed especially in terms of pollutant removal and fouling reversibility to understand the mechanism of fouling accumulation and disinfectant dose reduction. Pre-coagulation with or without adsorption both achieved remarkable effect of fouling mitigation and disinfection dose reduction. The two pretreatments were effective in total fouling control and pre-coagulation combined with PAC adsorption even decreased hydraulically irreversible fouling notably. Besides, pre-coagulation decreased residual disinfectant decline due to the removal of hydrophobic components of natural organic matters (NOM). Pre-coagulation combined with adsorption had a synergistic effect on further disinfectant decline rate reduction and decreased total disinfectant consumption due to additional removal of hydrophilic NOM by PAC adsorption. The disinfectant demand was further reduced after membrane. These results show that membrane fouling and disinfectant dose can be reduced in UF coupled with pretreatment, which could lead to the avoidance of excessive operation cost disinfectant dose for drinking water supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajian Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaoxiang Cheng
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, 1000 Fengming Road, Licheng District, Jinan, 250101, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Yang
- Department of Geoscience, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 3209 N Maryland Ave, Milwaukee, WI, 53211, USA
| | - Daliang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhendong Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuewu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150090, People's Republic of China
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50
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Sun H, Wang W, Wang K, Zhang L. Modified carbon nitride as an efficient adsorbent for ammonia nitrogen with low concentration. CAN J CHEM ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.23639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of the Rare Earth Functional Materials, and Shanghai Municipal Education Committee Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Probes and SensorsShanghai Normal University Shanghai P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of High‐Performance Ceramics and Super Fine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Wenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High‐Performance Ceramics and Super Fine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Kefu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High‐Performance Ceramics and Super Fine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High‐Performance Ceramics and Super Fine MicrostructureShanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
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