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Lu X, Chen C, Lin H, Zeng Q, Du J, Han L, Teng J, Yu W, Xu Y, Shen L. Durable Nano-Flower Structured Foam Coupled with Electrically-Driven in Situ Aeration Enable High-Flux Oil/Water Emulsion Separation with Dynamic Antifouling Ability. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400205. [PMID: 38676331 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The conventional membranes used for separating oil/water emulsions are typically limited by the properties of the membrane materials and the impact of membrane fouling, making continuous long-term usage unachievable. In this study, a filtering electrode with synchronous self-cleaning functionality is devised, exhibiting notable antifouling ability and an extended operational lifespan, suitable for the continuous separation of oil/water emulsions. Compared with the original Ti foam, the in situ growth of NiTi-LDH (Layered double hydroxide) nano-flowers endows the modified Ti foam (NiTi-LDH/TF) with exceptional superhydrophilicity and underwater superoleophobicity. Driven by gravity, a rejection rate of over 99% is achieved for various emulsions containing oil content ranging from 1% to 50%, as well as oil/seawater emulsions. The flux recovery rate exceeds 90% after one hundred cycles and a 4-h filtration period. The enhanced separation performance is realized through the "gas bridge" effect during in situ aeration and electrochemical anodic oxidation. The internal aeration within the membrane pores contributes to the removal of oil foulants. This study underscores the potential of coupling foam metal filtration materials with electrochemical technology, providing a paradigm for the exploration of novel oil/water separation membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchun Lu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Qianqian Zeng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiarong Du
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Lei Han
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Jiaheng Teng
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Wei Yu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Liguo Shen
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
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Elsaid K, Olabi AG, Abdel-Wahab A, Elkamel A, Alami AH, Inayat A, Chae KJ, Abdelkareem MA. Membrane processes for environmental remediation of nanomaterials: Potentials and challenges. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 879:162569. [PMID: 36871724 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials have gained huge attention with their wide range of applications. This is mainly driven by their unique properties. Nanomaterials include nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanofibers, and many other nanoscale structures have been widely assessed for improving the performance in different applications. However, with the wide implementation and utilization of nanomaterials, another challenge is being present when these materials end up in the environment, i.e. air, water, and soil. Environmental remediation of nanomaterials has recently gained attention and is concerned with removing nanomaterials from the environment. Membrane filtration processes have been widely considered a very efficient tool for the environmental remediation of different pollutants. Membranes with their different operating principles from size exclusions as in microfiltration, to ionic exclusion as in reverse osmosis, provide an effective tool for the removal of different types of nanomaterials. This work comprehends, summarizes, and critically discusses the different approaches for the environmental remediation of engineered nanomaterials using membrane filtration processes. Microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), and nanofiltration (NF) have been shown to effectively remove nanomaterials from the air and aqueous environments. In MF, the adsorption of nanomaterials to membrane material was found to be the main removal mechanism. While in UF and NF, the main mechanism was size exclusion. Membrane fouling, hence requiring proper cleaning or replacement was found to be the major challenge for UF and NF processes. While limited adsorption capacity of nanomaterial along with desorption was found to be the main challenges for MF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Elsaid
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - A G Olabi
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Mechanical Engineering and Design, Aston University, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Wahab
- Chemical Engineering Program, Texas A&M University at Qatar, P.O. Box 23874, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Elkamel
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Abdul Hai Alami
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abrar Inayat
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, South Korea
| | - Mohammad Ali Abdelkareem
- Sustainable Energy & Power Systems Research Centre, RISE, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates; Chemical Engineering Department, Minia University, Elminia, Egypt.
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Cerqueira e Silva KF, Rabelo RS, Feltre G, Hubinger M. Bitter substances recovery from hot trub: A study of polymeric membranes performance in a sequential mode with fouling investigation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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4
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Yuan ZY, Li YF, Li TY, Yao JL, Zhang JF, Wang XM. Identifying key residual aluminum species responsible for aggravation of nanofiltration membrane fouling in drinking water treatment. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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5
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Yu B, Sun J, Zhao K, Ma F, Sun L, Shao J, Tian J, Hu C. Mitigating membrane fouling by coupling coagulation and the electrokinetic effect in a novel electrocoagulation membrane cathode reactor. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 217:118378. [PMID: 35381555 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Membrane reactors with efficient antifouling and low maintenance are desirable for distributed membrane water treatment. In this study, a novel membrane separation reactor with an Al anode and a conductive membrane as the cathode was built to develop a chemical-free method for mitigating membrane fouling via electrocoagulation coupled with the electrokinetic effect. The electrostatic repulsion between humic acid (HA) and the membrane cathode reduced the adhesion of HA foulants on the membrane, thereby contributing to antifouling in the initial stage. Electrocoagulation and polarization induced by the electric field enlarged the HA-Al flocs, which prevented membrane pore blocking and facilitated the formation of a porous cake layer, thereby leading to a high water flux of the electrocoagulation membrane cathode reactor (ECMCR) in the stable stage. The bubbles from hydrogen evolution on the membrane cathode scoured the HA foulants and washed out the dense cake layer, thereby playing an important role in membrane fouling mitigation. Compared with membrane filtration, the membrane cathode reactor, membrane anode reactor, and HA removal of the ECMCR increased by 9.6, 8.3, and 2.8 times, respectively, whereas the transmembrane pressure decreased by 84.6%, 21.5%, and 63.0%, respectively. The synergy of electrocoagulation and the electrokinetic effect provides the ECMCR with a feasible method of antifouling and improved effluent quality with low maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Yu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jingqiu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fangkai Ma
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Lingkai Sun
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Junrong Shao
- Changjiang Survey, Planning, Design and Research Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430010, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Al-Raad AA, Hanafiah MM. Removal of inorganic pollutants using electrocoagulation technology: A review of emerging applications and mechanisms. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 300:113696. [PMID: 34509809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (ECoag) technique has shown considerable potential as an effective method in separating different types of pollutants (including inorganic pollutants) from various sources of water at a lower cost, and that is environmentally friendly. The EC method's performance depends on several significant parameters, including current density, reactor geometry, pH, operation time, the gap between electrodes, and agitation speed. There are some challenges related to the ECoag technique, for example, energy consumption, and electrode passivation as well as its implementation at a larger scale. This review highlights the recent studies published about ECoag capacity to remove inorganic pollutants (including salts), the emerging reactors, and the effect of reactor geometry designs. In addition, this paper highlights the integration of the ECoag technique with other advanced technologies such as microwave and ultrasonic to achieve higher removal efficiencies. This paper also presents a critical discussion of the major and minor reactions of the electrocoagulation technique with several significant operational parameters, emerging designs of the ECoag cell, operating conditions, and techno-economic analysis. Our review concluded that optimizing the operating parameters significantly enhanced the efficiency of the ECoag technique and reduced overall operating costs. Electrodes geometry has been recommended to minimize the passivation phenomenon, promote the conductivity of the cell, and reduce energy consumption. In this review, several challenges and gaps were identified, and insights for future development were discussed. We recommend that future studies investigate the effect of other emerging parameters like perforated and ball electrodes on the ECoag technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas A Al-Raad
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Ababil School, Al-Muthanna Education Directorate, Samawa, 66001, Iraq
| | - Marlia M Hanafiah
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Centre for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia.
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7
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Contactless membrane distillation for effective ammonia recovery from waste sludge: A new configuration and mass transfer mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Liu J, Fan Y, Sun Y, Wang Z, Zhao D, Li T, Dong B, Tang CY. Modelling the critical roles of zeta potential and contact angle on colloidal fouling with a coupled XDLVO - collision attachment approach. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Yang K, Yin J, Zhu T, Liu B, Li G, Huang B, Shi Z, Deng L. Effect of boron-doped diamond anode electrode pretreatment on UF membrane fouling mitigation in a cross-flow filtration process. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Tamires Vitor Pereira D, Vollet Marson G, Fernández Barbero G, Gadioli Tarone A, Baú Betim Cazarin C, Dupas Hubinger M, Martínez J. Concentration of bioactive compounds from grape marc using pressurized liquid extraction followed by integrated membrane processes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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11
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Biomineralization eliminating marine organic colloids (MOCs) during seawater desalination: Mechanism and efficiency. Biochem Eng J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2020.107705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Guo Y, Li TY, Xiao K, Wang XM, Xie YF. Key foulants and their interactive effect in organic fouling of nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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13
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Gönder ZB, Balcıoğlu G, Vergili I, Kaya Y. An integrated electrocoagulation-nanofiltration process for carwash wastewater reuse. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 253:126713. [PMID: 32304861 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, advanced treatment of carwash wastewater with an integrated electrocoagulation-nanofiltration (EC-NF) process to reuse the treated wastewater as rinsing water was investigated. The wastewater was pretreated by EC process under various operating parameters such as temperature (25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C), stirring speed (150 rpm, 250 rpm, 350 rpm), and electrode connection mode (MP-P, MP-S, BP-S) using Fe electrode. The best results were achieved at 25 °C, 250 rpm and MP-P connection mode for EC, considering both pollutant removals and energy consumptions. EC sludge was characterized scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive index (ESEM-EDX) analysis. The pretreated carwash wastewater using EC process was further treated by NF process using NF 270 and Desal 5DL membranes. Desal 5 DL membrane provided the highest treatment performance for chloride (92%), conductivity (80%) and total hardness (90%) parameters for EC-NF process. Resistance in series model was used for a deeper discussion of the reasons for flux decline. In addition, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle measurements were conducted for membrane fouling characterization. The foulants mainly accumulated on the membrane surface forming a cake layer and lower extent of membrane fouling was occurred for both membranes. As a result, this study showed that the water quality for reuse in carwashing process could be achieved with an integrated EC-NF process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Beril Gönder
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gökhan Balcıoğlu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilda Vergili
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Kaya
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Environmental Engineering, Avcilar Campus, Avcilar, 34320, Istanbul, Turkey
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14
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The role shifting of organic, inorganic and biological foulants along different positions of a two-stage nanofiltration process. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Luo H, Cui Y, Zhang H, Li C, Wang Z, Song P. Analyzing and verifying the association of spiral-wound reverse osmosis membrane fouling with different secondary effluents: full-scale experiments. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 711:135150. [PMID: 31818593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to analyze and verify the association of the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling with water quality in full-scale plants, two RO systems (40, 000 m3/d and 20, 000 m3/d) treating different secondary effluents were operated in parallel. The quality of secondary effluents and the performance of RO systems were monitored over 12 months. Difference in foulants distribution and fouling layer composition between the two systems were evaluated by membrane autopsy and foulants characterization. Results verified that: 1) the secondary effluent from municipal sewage caused more serious membrane fouling; 2) more foulants deposited on the surface of leading membrane both in two systems (3.11 ± 0.15 g/m2 and 2.93 ± 0.13 g/m2); 3) the microbial community on the RO membrane surface contained more colonizing bacteria in the system treating municipal sewage secondary effluent ; 4) organics in the secondary effluent facilitated biofouling while higher ion concentration restrained biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijia Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; Beijing Boda Water Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing Boda Water Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Beijing Boda Water Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Caifeng Li
- Beijing Boda Water Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China.
| | - Peng Song
- Beijing Boda Water Co., Ltd, Beijing 100176, PR China
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16
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Vieira GS, Moreira FK, Matsumoto RL, Michelon M, Filho FM, Hubinger MD. Influence of nanofiltration membrane features on enrichment of jussara ethanolic extract (Euterpe edulis) in anthocyanins. J FOOD ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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17
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Sun J, Hu C, Zhao K, Li M, Qu J, Liu H. Enhanced membrane fouling mitigation by modulating cake layer porosity and hydrophilicity in an electro-coagulation/oxidation membrane reactor (ECOMR). J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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An efficient wastewater treatment approach for a real woolen textile industry using a chemical assisted NF membrane process. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enmm.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Garcia-Segura S, Eiband MMS, de Melo JV, Martínez-Huitle CA. Electrocoagulation and advanced electrocoagulation processes: A general review about the fundamentals, emerging applications and its association with other technologies. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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20
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Sun J, Hu C, Tong T, Zhao K, Qu J, Liu H, Elimelech M. Performance and Mechanisms of Ultrafiltration Membrane Fouling Mitigation by Coupling Coagulation and Applied Electric Field in a Novel Electrocoagulation Membrane Reactor. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:8544-8551. [PMID: 28693320 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A novel electrocoagulation membrane reactor (ECMR) was developed, in which ultrafiltration (UF) membrane modules are placed between electrodes to improve effluent water quality and reduce membrane fouling. Experiments with feedwater containing clays (kaolinite) and natural organic matter (humic acid) revealed that the combined effect of coagulation and electric field mitigated membrane fouling in the ECMR, resulting in higher water flux than the conventional combination of electrocoagulation and UF in separate units (EC-UF). Higher current densities and weakly acidic pH in the EMCR favored faster generation of large flocs and effectively reduced membrane pore blocking. The hydraulic resistance of the formed cake layers on the membrane surface in ECMR was reduced due to an increase in cake layer porosity and polarity, induced by both coagulation and the applied electric field. The formation of a polarized cake layer was controlled by the applied current density and voltage, with cake layers formed under higher electric field strengths showing higher porosity and hydrophilicity. Compared to EC-UF, ECMR has a smaller footprint and could achieve significant energy savings due to improved fouling resistance and a more compact reactor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Kai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100085, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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Winter J, Barbeau B, Bérubé P. Nanofiltration and Tight Ultrafiltration Membranes for Natural Organic Matter Removal-Contribution of Fouling and Concentration Polarization to Filtration Resistance. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7030034. [PMID: 28671604 PMCID: PMC5618119 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanofiltration (NF) and tight ultrafiltration (tight UF) membranes are a viable treatment option for high quality drinking water production from sources with high concentrations of contaminants. To date, there is limited knowledge regarding the contribution of concentration polarization (CP) and fouling to the increase in resistance during filtration of natural organic matter (NOM) with NF and tight UF. Filtration tests were conducted with NF and tight UF membranes with molecular weight cut offs (MWCOs) of 300, 2000 and 8000 Da, and model raw waters containing different constituents of NOM. When filtering model raw waters containing high concentrations of polysaccharides (i.e., higher molecular weight NOM), the increase in resistance was dominated by fouling. When filtering model raw waters containing humic substances (i.e., lower molecular weight NOM), the increase in filtration resistance was dominated by CP. The results indicate that low MWCO membranes are better suited for NOM removal, because most of the NOM in surface waters consist mainly of humic substances, which were only effectively rejected by the lower MWCO membranes. However, when humic substances are effectively rejected, CP can become extensive, leading to a significant increase in filtration resistance by the formation of a cake/gel layer at the membrane surface. For this reason, cross-flow operation, which reduces CP, is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Winter
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
| | - Benoit Barbeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Pierre Bérubé
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada.
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Sari MA, Chellam S. Relative contributions of organic and inorganic fouling during nanofiltration of inland brackish surface water. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sari MA, Chellam S. Reverse osmosis fouling during pilot-scale municipal water reuse: Evidence for aluminum coagulant carryover. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rabelo RS, Machado MT, Martínez J, Hubinger MD. Ultrasound assisted extraction and nanofiltration of phenolic compounds from artichoke solid wastes. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chellam S, Sari MA. Aluminum electrocoagulation as pretreatment during microfiltration of surface water containing NOM: A review of fouling, NOM, DBP, and virus control. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 304:490-501. [PMID: 26619048 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrocoagulation (EC) is the intentional corrosion of sacrificial anodes (typically aluminum or iron) by passing electricity to release metal-ion coagulant species and destabilize a wide range of suspended, dissolved, and macromolecular contaminants. It can be integrated ahead of microfiltration (MF) to effectively control turbidity, microorganisms, and disinfection by-products (DBPs) and simultaneously maintain a high MF specific flux. This manuscript summarizes the current knowledge on MF pretreatment by aluminum EC particularly focusing on mechanisms of (i) electrocoagulant dosing, (ii) (bio)colloid destabilization, (iii) fouling reductions, and (iv) enhanced removal of viruses, natural organic matter (NOM), and DBP precursors. Electrolysis efficiently removes hydrophobic NOM, viruses, and siliceous foulants. Aluminum effectively electrocoagulates viruses by physically encapsulating them in flocs, neutralizing their surface charge and reducing electrostatic repulsion, and increasing hydrophobic interactions between any sorbed NOM and free viruses. New results included herein demonstrate that EC achieves DBP control by removing NOM, reducing chlorine-reactivity of remaining NOM, and inducing a slight shift toward more brominated trihalomethanes and haloacetic acids. EC reduces MF fouling by forming large flocs that tend to deposit on the membrane surface, i.e. decrease pore penetration and forming more permeable cakes and by reducing foulant mass in case of significant floc-flotation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankararaman Chellam
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, United States.
| | - Mutiara Ayu Sari
- Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3136, United States
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Lin J, Tang CY, Huang C, Tang YP, Ye W, Li J, Shen J, Van den Broeck R, Van Impe J, Volodin A, Van Haesendonck C, Sotto A, Luis P, Van der Bruggen B. A comprehensive physico-chemical characterization of superhydrophilic loose nanofiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Särkkä H, Vepsäläinen M, Sillanpää M. Natural organic matter (NOM) removal by electrochemical methods — A review. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
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