1
|
Deng B, Gong C, Wen S, Liu H, Zhang X, Fan X, Wang F, Guo L, Xiong Z, Du F, Ou Y. Quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol anion exchange membrane enhanced by functionalized attapulgite clay with an ionic "chain-ball" surface structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132595. [PMID: 38821803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Biomass chitosan has garnered considerable interest for alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs) due to its eco-friendly and sustainable characteristics, low reactant permeability and easily modifiable nature, but it still faces the trade-off between high hydroxide conductivity and sufficient mechanical properties. Herein, a novel functionalized attapulgite clay (f-ATP) with a unique ionic "chain-ball" surface structure was prepared and incorporated with quaternized chitosan (QCS)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to fabricate high-performance composite AEMs. Due to the strengthened interfacial bonding between f-ATP nanofillers and the QCS/PVA matrix, composite membranes are synergistically reinforced and toughened, achieving peak tensile strength and elongation at break of 24.62 MPa and 33.8 %. Meanwhile, abundant ion pairs on f-ATP surface facilitate ion transport in the composite AEMs, with the maximum OH- conductivity of 46 mS cm-1 at 80 °C and the highest residual IEC of 83 % after alkaline treatment for 120 h. Moreover, the assembled alkaline direct methanol fuel cell exhibits a remarkable power density of 49.3 mW cm-2 at 80 °C. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance anion exchange membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bangjun Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China; College of Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Technology, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Xiangjian Fan
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zemiao Xiong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Feipeng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
| | - Ying Ou
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ou Y, Qu T, Cheng F, Yang H, Hu F, Wang J, Liu H, Liu G, Wen S, Gong C. Dual reinforced composite membranes from in-situ ionic crosslinked quaternized chitosan filled quaternized polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber for alkaline direct methanol fuel cell. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 322:121363. [PMID: 37839835 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The main obstacle of high-performance cationic functionalization chitosan (CS) as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) is the trade-off between mechanical stability and ionic conductivity. Here, in-situ ionic crosslinking between the deprotonated hydroxyl group and quaternary ammonium group under alkaline conditions was ingeniously applied to improve the mechanical stability of highly quaternized CS (HQCS) with high IEC (>2 mmol g-1). Meanwhile, to further reduce the swelling and enhance the hydroxide conductivity, a mechanically robust hydroxide ion conduction network, quaternized electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (QPVDF) nanofiber, was subsequently used as the filling substrate of in-situ crosslinked HQCS to prepare dual reinforced thin AEMs. The introduction of a robust QPVDF nanofiber mat can not only greatly improve the mechanical properties and limit swelling, but also create facile ion transport channels. Notably, the HQCS/QPVDF-74.0 composite membrane demonstrates perfect dimensional stability, high mechanical performance and excellent alkaline stability, as well as superior ionic conductivity of 66.2 mS cm-1 at 80 °C. The thus assembled alkaline direct methanol fuel cell displays a maximum power density of 132.30 mW cm-2 using 5 M KOH and 3 M methanol as fuels at 80 °C with satisfactory durability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ou
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Ting Qu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Guoliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Nr. 122 Luoshi Rd., Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Sheng Wen
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rani MSA, Norrrahim MNF, Knight VF, Nurazzi NM, Abdan K, Lee SH. A Review of Solid-State Proton-Polymer Batteries: Materials and Characterizations. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4032. [PMID: 37836081 PMCID: PMC10575122 DOI: 10.3390/polym15194032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing global population necessitates a secure and ample energy supply, the majority of which is derived from fossil fuels. However, due to the immense energy demand, the exponential depletion of these non-renewable energy sources is both unavoidable and inevitable in the approaching century. Therefore, exploring the use of polymer electrolytes as alternatives in proton-conducting batteries opens an intriguing research field, as demonstrated by the growing number of publications on the subject. Significant progress has been made in the production of new and more complex polymer-electrolyte materials. Specific characterizations are necessary to optimize these novel materials. This paper provides a detailed overview of these characterizations, as well as recent advancements in characterization methods for proton-conducting polymer electrolytes in solid-state batteries. Each characterization is evaluated based on its objectives, experimental design, a summary of significant results, and a few noteworthy case studies. Finally, we discuss future characterizations and advances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. S. A. Rani
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - M. N. F. Norrrahim
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - V. F. Knight
- Research Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - N. M. Nurazzi
- Bioresource Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - K. Abdan
- Institute of Tropical and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
| | - S. H. Lee
- Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pahang, Bandar Tun Razak 26400, Malaysia;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jurko L, Makuc D, Štern A, Plavec J, Žegura B, Bošković P, Kargl R. Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Efficacy of Betaine- and Choline-Substituted Polymers. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2023; 5:5270-5279. [PMID: 37469879 PMCID: PMC10353005 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.3c00691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic charge has been widely used to increase polymer adsorption and flocculation of dispersions or to provide antimicrobial activity. In this work, cationization of hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was achieved by covalently coupling betaine hydrochloride and choline chloride to the polymer backbones through carbonyl diimidazole (CDI) activation. Two approaches for activation were investigated. CDI in excess was used to activate the polymers' hydroxyls followed by carbonate formation with choline chloride, or CDI was used to activate betaine hydrochloride, followed by ester formation with the polymers' hydroxyls. The first approach led to a more significant cross-linking of PVA, but not of HEC, and the second approach successfully formed ester bonds. Cationic, nitrogen-bearing materials with varying degrees of substitution were obtained in moderate to high yields. These materials were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, polyelectrolyte titration, and kaolin flocculation. Their dose-dependent effect on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and L929 mouse fibroblasts, was investigated. Significant differences were found between the choline- and betaine-containing polymers, and especially, the choline carbonate esters of HEC strongly inhibited the growth of S. aureus in vitro but were also cytotoxic to fibroblasts. Fibroblast cytotoxicity was also observed for betaine esters of PVA but not for those of HEC. The materials could potentially be used as antimicrobial agents for instance by coating surfaces, but more investigations into the interaction between cells and polysaccharides are necessary to clarify why and how bacterial and human cells are inhibited or killed by these derivatives, especially those containing choline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucija Jurko
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Damjan Makuc
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Alja Štern
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian
NMR Centre, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST
Centre of Excellence, Trg Osvobodilne Fronte 13, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department
of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna Pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Perica Bošković
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University
of Split, Rud̵era Boškovića 33, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Rupert Kargl
- Institute
for Chemistry and Technology of Biobased System, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Laboratory
for Characterization and Processing of Polymers (LCPP), Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Roschger M, Wolf S, Billiani A, Mayer K, Hren M, Gorgieva S, Genorio B, Hacker V. Study on Commercially Available Membranes for Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20845-20857. [PMID: 37332806 PMCID: PMC10269243 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
This study provides a comparison of different commercially available low-cost anion exchange membranes (AEMs), a microporous separator, a cation exchange membrane (CEM), and an anionic-treated CEM for their application in the liquid-feed alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell (ADEFC). Moreover, the effect on performance was evaluated taking two different modes of operation for the ADEFC, with AEM or CEM, into consideration. The membranes were compared with respect to their physical and chemical properties, such as thermal and chemical stability, ion-exchange capacity, ionic conductivity, and ethanol permeability. The influence of these factors on performance and resistance was determined by means of polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS) measurements in the ADEFC. In addition, the influence of two different commercial ionomers on the structure and transport properties of the catalyst layer and on the performance were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy, single cell tests, and EIS. The applicability barriers of the membranes were pointed out, and the ideal combinations of membrane and ionomer for the liquid-feed ADEFC achieved power densities of approximately 80 mW cm-2 at 80 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Roschger
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Wolf
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Billiani
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kurt Mayer
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Maša Hren
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty
of Mechanical Engineering, University of
Maribor, Smetanova Ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Boštjan Genorio
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute
of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 25/C, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lachowicz D, Kmita A, Wirecka R, Berent K, Szuwarzyński M, Zapotoczny S, Pajdak A, Cios G, Mazur-Panasiuk N, Pyrc K, Bernasik A. Aerogels based on cationically modified chitosan and poly(vinyl alcohol) for efficient capturing of viruses. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 312:120756. [PMID: 37059523 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a new filtering bioaerogel based on linear polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the cationic derivative of chitosan (N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylamine) propyl] chitosan chloride, HTCC) with a potential antiviral application. A strong intermolecular network architecture was formed thanks to the introduction of linear PVA chains, which can efficiently interpenetrate the glutaraldehyde(GA)-crosslinked HTCC chains. The morphology of the obtained structures was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The aerogels and modified polymers' elemental composition (including the chemical environment) was determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). New aerogels with more than twice as much developed micro- and mesopore space and BET-specific surface area were obtained concerning the starting sample chitosan aerogel crosslinked by glutaraldehyde (Chit/GA). The results obtained from the XPS analysis showed the presence of cationic 3-trimethylammonium groups on the surface of the aerogel, which can interact with viral capsid proteins. No cytotoxic effect of HTCC/GA/PVA aerogel was also observed on fibroblast cells of the NIH3T3 line. Furthermore, the HTCC/GA/PVA aerogel has been shown that efficiently traps mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) from suspension. The presented concept of aerogel filters for virus capture based on modified chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol has a high application potential.
Collapse
|
7
|
Tang Q, Hu J, Li S, Lin S, Tu Y, Gui X, Dong Y. Preparation of an aramid nanofiber-reinforced colorimetric hydrogel employing natural anthocyanin as an indicator for shrimp and fish spoilage monitoring. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
|
8
|
Kharajinezhadian R, Javad Chaichi M, Nazari O, Mansour Lakouraj M, Hasantabar V. Fraud monitoring using a new disposable photoluminescence sensor in milk. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
9
|
Akhmetova A, Myrzakhmetov B, Wang Y, Bakenov Z, Mentbayeva A. Development of Quaternized Chitosan Integrated with Nanofibrous Polyacrylonitrile Mat as an Anion-Exchange Membrane. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45371-45380. [PMID: 36530230 PMCID: PMC9753170 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A two-phase anion-exchange membrane was prepared from quaternized chitosan (QCS) integrated with an electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) scaffold by spin coating. To synthesize QCS, glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride in various amounts was introduced into the structure of CS. The characterization of the cast cross-linked QCS (CQCS) membranes by impedance spectroscopy revealed the ionic conductivity (IC) in the range of 2.8 × 10-4 to 8.2 × 10-4 S cm-1 and the degree of quaternization (DQ) of 26.4-51.0%, where the CQCS film with the DQ of 51.0% showed excellent performance. When CQCS was reinforced with a PAN fiber mat, the newly developed composite membrane demonstrated the highest IC of 34 × 10-4 S cm-1 at 80 °C, low swelling, and an almost eightfold increase in tensile strength at a fully hydrated state compared to pristine materials. Moreover, the CQCS/PAN membrane was chemically stable and revealed increasing hydroxide transport during 1 month immersion in alkaline media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aktilek Akhmetova
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Yanwei Wang
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Zhumabay Bakenov
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
- Center
for Energy and Advanced Materials Science, National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Almagul Mentbayeva
- Department
of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital
Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan010000, Kazakhstan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Samsudin AM, Roschger M, Wolf S, Hacker V. Preparation and Characterization of QPVA/PDDA Electrospun Nanofiber Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3965. [PMID: 36432251 PMCID: PMC9693389 DOI: 10.3390/nano12223965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) as part of fuel cell technology. Anion exchange membranes (AEMs) provide a significant contribution to the development of fuel cells, particularly in terms of performance and efficiency. Polymer composite membranes composed of quaternary ammonium poly(vinyl alcohol) (QPVA) as electrospun nanofiber mats and a combination of QPVA and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) as interfiber voids matrix filler were prepared and characterized. The influence of various QPVA/PDDA mass ratios as matrix fillers on anion exchange membranes and alkaline fuel cells was evaluated. The structural, morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of AEMs were characterized. To evaluate the AEMs' performances, several measurements comprise swelling properties, ion exchange capacity (IEC), hydroxide conductivity (σ), alkaline stability, and single-cell test in fuel cells. The eQP-PDD0.5 acquired the highest hydroxide conductivity of 43.67 ms cm-1 at 80 °C. The tensile strength of the membranes rose with the incorporation of the filler matrix, with TS ranging from 23.18 to 24.95 Mpa. The peak power density and current density of 24 mW cm-2 and 131 mA cm-2 were achieved with single cells comprising eQP-PDD0.5 membrane at 57 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asep Muhamad Samsudin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8020 Graz, Austria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
| | - Michaela Roschger
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Sigrid Wolf
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8020 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8020 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mackay SE, Malherbe F, Eldridge DS. Quaternary amine functionalized chitosan for enhanced adsorption of low concentration phosphate to remediate environmental eutrophication. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
12
|
Faisal M, Alam M, Ahmed J, Asiri AM, Alsareii S, Saad Alruwais R, Faihan Alqahtani N, Rahman MM, Harraz FA. Efficient electrochemical detection of L-lactic acid using platinum nanoparticle decorated Chitosan/ZnTiO3 nanocomposites. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
13
|
Chand K, Paladino O. Recent developments of membranes and electrocatalysts for the hydrogen production by Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysers: A review. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
14
|
Souza FM, Pinheiro VS, Gentil TC, Lucchetti LE, Silva J, L.M.G. Santos M, De Oliveira I, Dourado WM, Amaral-Labat G, Okamoto S, Santos MC. Alkaline direct liquid fuel cells: Advances, challenges and perspectives. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
|
15
|
Yang SB, Karim MR, Lee J, Yeum JH, Yeasmin S. Alkaline Treatment Variables to Characterize Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)/Poly(Vinyl Butyral/Vinyl Alcohol) Blend Films. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183916. [PMID: 36146059 PMCID: PMC9505735 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(vinyl butyral–vinyl alcohol) (P(VB-VA)) films with improved hydrophobicity were prepared from poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)/poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) blend films with various mass ratios by saponification in a heterogeneous medium. The successful conversion of PVAc to PVA and PVAc/PVB to PVA/P(VB-VA) films was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This study also shows that the degree of saponification (DS) depends on the saponification time. The maximum DS of 99.99% was obtained at 96 h of saponification for all films, and the presence of PVB did not affect the DS at saponification times of 48–96 h. The effects of the PVAc/PVB blend ratio before and after saponification were determined by contact angle measurement, and the hydrophobicity was found to increase in both cases with increasing PVB content. Additionally, all the films exhibited improved mechanical properties after saponification, and the treated films possessed an unusual porous and uneven surface, in contrast with the untreated films. The prepared films with improved hydrophobicity can be used for various applications, such as biomaterials, filters, and medical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seong Baek Yang
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- Center of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
- The King Abdullah City for Atomic and Renewable Energy (K.A. CARE), Energy Research and Innovation Center, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jungeon Lee
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Yeum
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.Y.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5739 (J.H.Y. & S.Y.)
| | - Sabina Yeasmin
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.H.Y.); (S.Y.); Tel.: +82-53-950-5739 (J.H.Y. & S.Y.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Samsudin AM, Bodner M, Hacker V. A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes for Alkaline Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173565. [PMID: 36080640 PMCID: PMC9460312 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Anion exchange membrane fuel cells have unique advantages and are thus gaining increasing attention. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is one of the potential polymers for the development of anion exchange membranes. This review provides recent studies on PVA-based membranes as alternative anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells. The development of anion exchange membranes in general, including the types, materials, and preparation of anion exchange membranes in the last years, are discussed. The performances and characteristics of recently reported PVA-based membranes are highlighted, including hydroxide conductivity, water uptake, swelling degree, tensile strength, and fuel permeabilities. Finally, some challenging issues and perspectives for the future study of anion exchange membranes are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asep Muhamad Samsudin
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Indonesia
- Correspondence:
| | - Merit Bodner
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Narducci R, Becerra-Arciniegas RA, Pasquini L, Ercolani G, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Anion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte without Ether Linkages and with Ionic Groups Grafted on Long Side Chains: Poly(Alkylene Biphenyl Butyltrimethyl Ammonium) (ABBA). MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030337. [PMID: 35323811 PMCID: PMC8956100 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report the synthesis of the new ionomer poly(alkylene biphenyl butyltrimethyl ammonium) (ABBA) with a backbone devoid of alkaline-labile C-O-C bonds and with quaternary ammonium groups grafted on long side chains. The ionomer was achieved by metalation reaction with n-butyllithium of 2-bromobiphenyl, followed by the introduction of the long chain with 1,4-dibromobutane. The reaction steps were followed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy showing the characteristic signals of the Br-butyl chain and indicating the complete functionalization of the biphenyl moiety. The precursor was polycondensed with 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and then quaternized using trimethylamine (TMA). After the acid catalyzed polycondensation, the stoichiometric ratio between the precursors was respected. The quaternization with TMA gave a final degree of amination of 0.83 in agreement with the thermogravimetric analysis and with the ion exchange capacity of 2.5 meq/g determined by acid–base titration. The new ionomer blended with poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) or poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) was also characterized by water uptake (WU) and ionic conductivity measurements. The higher water uptake and ionic conductivity observed with the PVDF blend might be related to a better nanophase separation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Narducci
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raul Andres Becerra-Arciniegas
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Luca Pasquini
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Philippe Knauth
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Swelling-Resistant, Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes with High ZIF-8 Nanofiller Loadings as Effective Solid Electrolytes for Alkaline Fuel Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050865. [PMID: 35269354 PMCID: PMC8912677 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The present work investigates the direct mixing of aqueous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) suspension into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to form swelling-resistant, mechanically robust and conductivity retentive composite membranes. This drying-free nanofiller incorporation method enhances the homogeneous ZIF-8 distributions in the PVA/ZIF-8/GA composites to overcome the nanofiller aggregation problem in the mixed matrix membranes. Various ZIF-8 concentrations (25.4, 40.5 and 45.4 wt.%) are used to study the suitability of the resulting GA-crosslinked composites for direct alkaline methanol fuel cell (DAMFC). Surface morphological analysis confirmed homogeneous ZIF-8 particle distribution in the GA-crosslinked composites with a defect- and crack-free structure. The increased ionic conductivity (21% higher than the ZIF-free base material) and suppressed alcohol permeability (94% lower from the base material) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA resulted in the highest selectivity among the prepared composites. In addition, the GA-crosslinked composites’ selectivity increased to 1.5−2 times that of those without crosslink. Moreover, the ZIF-8 nanofillers improved the mechanical strength and alkaline stability of the composites. This was due to the negligible volume swelling ratio (<1.4%) of high (>40%) ZIF-8-loaded composites. After 168 h of alkaline treatment, the PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite had almost negligible ionic conductivity loss (0.19%) compared with the initial material. The maximum power density (Pmax) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite was 190.5 mW cm−2 at 60 °C, an increase of 181% from the PVA/GA membrane. Moreover, the Pmax of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA was 10% higher than that without GA crosslinking. These swelling-resistant and stable solid electrolytes are promising in alkaline fuel cell applications.
Collapse
|
19
|
Shen S, Wang N, Jia J, Song D, Zuo T, Liu K, Che Q. Constructing the basal nanofibers suit of layer-by-layer self-assembly membranes as anion exchange membranes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
20
|
Martwong E, Chuetor S, Junthip J. Adsorption of Cationic Contaminants by Cyclodextrin Nanosponges Cross-Linked with 1,2,3,4-Butanetetracarboxylic Acid and Poly(vinyl alcohol). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:342. [PMID: 35054747 PMCID: PMC8778113 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic organic pollutants (dyes and pesticides) are mainly hydrosoluble and easily contaminate water and create a serious problem for biotic and abiotic species. The elimination of these dangerous contaminants from water was accomplished by adsorption using cyclodextrin nanosponges. These nanosponges were elaborated by the cross-linking between 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). Their physicochemical characteristics were characterized by gravimetry, acid-base titration, TGA, 13C NMR, ATR-FTIR, Raman, X-ray diffraction, and Stereomicroscopy. The BP5 nanosponges displayed 68.4% yield, 3.31 mmol/g COOH groups, 0.16 mmol/g β-CD content, 54.2% swelling, 97.0% PQ removal, 96.7% SO removal, and 98.3% MG removal for 25 mg/L of initial concentration. The pseudo-second-order model was suitable for kinetics using 180 min of contact time. Langmuir isotherm was suitable for isotherm with the maximum adsorption of 120.5, 92.6, and 64.9 mg/g for paraquat (PQ), safranin (SO), and malachite green (MG) adsorption, respectively. Finally, the reusability performance after five regeneration times reached 94.1%, 91.6%, and 94.6% for PQ, SO, and MG adsorption, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekkachai Martwong
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand;
| | - Santi Chuetor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Jatupol Junthip
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
3D-Printed Coating of Extended-Release Matrix Tablets: Effective Tool for Prevention of Alcohol-Induced Dose Dumping Effect. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122123. [PMID: 34959404 PMCID: PMC8705548 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tablets used for extended drug release commonly contain large amounts of drugs. The corresponding drug release mechanism thus has to be well-known and invariable under numerous conditions in order to prevent any uncontrolled drug release. Particularly important is the stability and invariability of the release mechanism in the presence of alcohol due to the possible occurrence of the dose dumping effect. The effect of 3D printing (3DP) coating on the drug release mechanism and the drug release rate was studied as a possible tool for the prevention of the alcohol-induced dose dumping effect. Three types of matrix tablets (hydrophilic, lipophilic, and hydrophilic-lipophilic) were prepared by the direct compression method and coated using 3DP. The commercial filament of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and the filament prepared from hypromellose by hot melt extrusion (HME) were used as coating materials. Both coating materials were characterized by SEM, DSC, Raman spectroscopy, and PXRD during particular stages of the processing/coating procedure. The dissolution behavior of the uncoated and coated tablets was studied in the strongly acidic (pH 1.2) and alcoholic (40% of ethanol) dissolution media. The dissolution tests in the alcoholic medium showed that the Affinisol coating was effective in preventing the dose dumping incidence. The dissolution tests in the acidic dissolution media showed that the Affinisol coating can also be useful for the delayed release of active substances.
Collapse
|
22
|
Martwong E, Chuetor S, Junthip J. Adsorption of Paraquat by Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)-Cyclodextrin Nanosponges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4110. [PMID: 34883612 PMCID: PMC8658895 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The contamination of hydrosoluble pesticides in water could generate a serious problem for biotic and abiotic components. The removal of a hazardous agrochemical (paraquat) from water was achieved by adsorption processes using poly(vinyl alcohol)-cyclodextrin nanosponges, which were prepared with various formulations via the crosslinking between citric acid and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of poly(vinyl alcohol). The physicochemical properties of nanosponges were also characterized by different techniques, such as gravimetry, thermogravimetry, microscopy (SEM and Stereo), spectroscopy (UV-visible, NMR, ATR-FTIR, and Raman), acid-base titration, BET surface area analysis, X-ray diffraction, and ion exchange capacity. The C10D-P2 nanosponges displayed 60.2% yield, 3.14 mmol/g COOH groups, 0.335 mmol/g β-CD content, 96.4% swelling, 94.5% paraquat removal, 0.1766 m2 g-1 specific surface area, and 5.2 × 10-4 cm3 g-1 pore volume. The presence of particular peaks referring to specific functional groups on spectroscopic spectra confirmed the successful polycondensation on the reticulated nanosponges. The pseudo second-order model (with R2 = 0.9998) and Langmuir isotherm (with R2 = 0.9979) was suitable for kinetics and isotherm using 180 min of contact time and a pH of 6.5. The maximum adsorption capacity was calculated at 112.2 mg/g. Finally, the recyclability of these nanosponges was 90.3% of paraquat removal after five regeneration times.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekkachai Martwong
- Division of Science (Chemistry), Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya 13000, Thailand;
| | - Santi Chuetor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Jatupol Junthip
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima Rajabhat University, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fast and Inexpensive Synthesis of Multilayer Graphene Used as Pd Support in Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell Anode. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-021-00685-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
24
|
Laschuk NO, Ebralidze II, Easton EB, Zenkina OV. Post-Synthetic Color Tuning of the Ultra-Effective and Highly Stable Surface-Confined Electrochromic Monolayer: Shades of Green for Camouflage Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:39573-39583. [PMID: 34378920 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report here on the strategy for the preparation of a series of electrochromic (EC) materials in green shades designed for camouflage purposes. This top-down post-synthetic modification provides access to new EC materials by fine modulation of the color of the surface-confined metalorganic monolayer pre-deposited on indium tin oxide screen-printed supports. Selective on-surface N-quaternization of the outer pyridine unit of the EC metal complex covalently embedded onto an enhanced surface area electrode results in a bathochromic shift of the absorbance signal as well as visual color change from blue to different shades of green. When assembled into solid-state EC devices (ECDs), the materials demonstrate high color differences between colored and bleached states and significant differences in optical density. Upon electrochemical switching, the ECDs initially featuring different shades of green become yellowish or clay. The accessible gamut of colors, fulfilling the requirements for chameleon-like camouflage materials, is able to mimic conditions of various natural environments including forests and sands. Notably, ECDs demonstrate high long-term durability (95% retention of the performance after 3300 cycles), fast coloration (0.6-1.1 s), and bleaching (1.2-3.3 s) times and outstanding coloration efficiencies of 1018-1513 cm2/C. Importantly, post-synthetic N-quaternization/color tuning does not deteriorate the performance of the resulting EC materials and devices as judged by cyclic voltammetry, spectroelectrochemistry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. This work adds to the limited number of reports that explore color tuning of EC molecular layers via on-surface modification with the aim to access new non-symmetric materials. Notably, the facile and straightforward technology presented here allows the creation of green-colored EC materials that are difficult to prepare in other ways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia O Laschuk
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Iraklii I Ebralidze
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - E Bradley Easton
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| | - Olena V Zenkina
- Faculty of Science, Ontario Tech. University, 2000 Simcoe Street North, Oshawa L1G 0C5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhao S, Tsen WC, Gong C. 3D nanoflower-like layered double hydroxide modified quaternized chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol composite anion conductive membranes for fuel cells. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117439. [PMID: 33483019 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To solve the trade-off problem among ionic conductivity, mechanical and chemical stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), quaternized chitosan (QCS) was first prepared and then was blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to improve mechanical strength of QCS. Afterwards, three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical flower-like layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were prepared via one-pot ethylene glycol-assisted solvothermal method, and then were incorporated into QCS/PVA blend matrix to fabricate composite AEMs. By constructing 3D hierarchical structure, the active sites of LDH nanosheets are fully exposed, thus impressive ion conductivity, alkali and fuel resistant ability of LDH nanosheets can be rationally utilized. The composite membrane displayed the maximum OH- conductivity of 25.7 mS cm-1, which was 48.6 % higher than that of the pristine membrane. Alkaline stability measurement proved that the composite membranes kept residual ionic conductivity of as high as 92 % after immersion in a 2 M KOH for 100 h. Due to the decreased methanol permeability and increased conductivity, the composite membrane with 6% LDHs content exhibited a peak power density of 73 mW cm-2 at 60 °C, whereas the pristine membrane demonstrated only 40 mW cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Zhao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, China
| | - Wen-Chin Tsen
- Department of Fashion and Design, Lee-Ming Institute of Technology, New Taipei City, 243, Taiwan.
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomass Conversion and Utilization, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei, 432000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhou Y, Liu Y, Buckingham MA, Zhang S, Aldous L, Beirne S, Wallace G, Chen J. The significance of supporting electrolyte on poly (vinyl alcohol)–iron(II)/iron(III) solid-state electrolytes for wearable thermo-electrochemical cells. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.106938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
|
27
|
Gorgieva S, Osmić A, Hribernik S, Božič M, Svete J, Hacker V, Wolf S, Genorio B. Efficient Chitosan/Nitrogen-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Membranes for Direct Alkaline Ethanol Fuel Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1740. [PMID: 33572312 PMCID: PMC7916145 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, we prepared a series of nanocomposite membranes based on chitosan (CS) and three compositionally and structurally different N-doped graphene derivatives. Two-dimensional (2D) and quasi 1D N-doped reduced graphene oxides (N-rGO) and nanoribbons (N-rGONRs), as well as 3D porous N-doped graphitic polyenaminone particles (N-pEAO), were synthesized and characterized fully to confirm their graphitic structure, morphology, and nitrogen (pyridinic, pyrrolic, and quaternary or graphitic) group contents. The largest (0.07%) loading of N-doped graphene derivatives impacted the morphology of the CS membrane significantly, reducing the crystallinity, tensile properties, and the KOH uptake, and increasing (by almost 10-fold) the ethanol permeability. Within direct alkaline ethanol test cells, it was found that CS/N rGONRs (0.07 %) membrane (Pmax. = 3.7 mWcm-2) outperformed the pristine CS membrane significantly (Pmax. = 2.2 mWcm-2), suggesting the potential of the newly proposed membranes for application in direct ethanol fuel cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selestina Gorgieva
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Azra Osmić
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Silvo Hribernik
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (S.G.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Koroška cesta 46, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Mojca Božič
- Dravske Elektrarne Maribor d.o.o., Obrežna ulica 170, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Jurij Svete
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Viktor Hacker
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Sigrid Wolf
- Institute of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Technology, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria; (V.H.); (S.W.)
| | - Boštjan Genorio
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Altaf F, Batool R, Gill R, Shabir MA, Drexler M, Alamgir F, Abbas G, Sabir A, Jacob KI. Novel N-p-carboxy benzyl chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol/functionalized zeolite mixed matrix membranes for DMFC applications. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116111. [PMID: 32241453 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The novel N-p-carboxy benzyl chitosan (CBC)/ poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) filled with surface-modified zeolite have been prepared using the dissolution casting technique. The applicability of prepared MMMs for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) was investigated in terms of water uptake, methanol permeation, and proton conductivity by changing filler content (10-50 wt. %). The zeolite was modified by silane coupling agent, 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The resultant modified zeolite (MZ) was incorporated into CBC/PVA blend to obtain mixed matrix PEMs. The functional group, structural properties, morphological and topographical investigation of MMMs were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) respectively. The prepared MMMs exhibited a remarkable decrease in methanol permeability of 2.3 × 10-7 cm2/s with C-CPMZ50. The maximum value of proton conductivity of 0.0527 Scm-1, was shown by C-CMPZ10. The prepared PEMs also displayed good stability during long term operating time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faizah Altaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Rida Batool
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA; Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rohama Gill
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | | | - Matthew Drexler
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Faisal Alamgir
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ghazanfar Abbas
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Aneela Sabir
- Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan
| | - Karl I Jacob
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, North Avenue, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Albayrak Arı G, Şimşek Ö. Imidazolium functionalized poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes for direct methanol alkaline fuel cell applications. POLYM INT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gülşen Albayrak Arı
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| | - Öykü Şimşek
- Department of Chemical EngineeringIstanbul University‐Cerrahpasa Istanbul Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|
31
|
Das G, Kim CY, Kang DH, Kim BH, Yoon HH. Quaternized Polysulfone Cross-Linked N, N-Dimethyl Chitosan-Based Anion-Conducting Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E512. [PMID: 30960496 PMCID: PMC6473834 DOI: 10.3390/polym11030512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Anion-conducting membranes were obtained following the cross-linking of 1,4-diazoniabicycle[2.2.2]octane functionalized-polysulfone with N,N-dimethyl chitosan (DMC). The ionic conductivity of the composite membranes was controlled by the amount of DMC. The influence of the amount of DMC on water uptake, swelling ratio, and ionic conductivity of the obtained membrane was studied. The membrane with 2 wt% DMC exhibited an ionic conductivity of 54 mS/cm and 94 mS/cm at 25 °C and 70 °C, respectively. The membrane showed good dimensional stability under hydrated conditions. A urea/O₂ fuel cell, built using the composite membrane, exhibited a peak power density of 4.4 mW/cm² with a current density of 16.22 mA/cm² at 70 °C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Chae Yeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Dong Ho Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Bo Hyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| | - Hyon Hee Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do 461-701, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Vijayakumar V, Nam SY. Recent advancements in applications of alkaline anion exchange membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. J IND ENG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
33
|
Zakaria Z, Kamarudin SK, Timmiati SN. Influence of Graphene Oxide on the Ethanol Permeability and Ionic Conductivity of QPVA-Based Membrane in Passive Alkaline Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 14:28. [PMID: 30659414 PMCID: PMC6338673 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Passive alkaline-direct ethanol fuel cells (alkaline-DEFCs) appear to be suitable for producing sustainable energy for portable devices. However, ethanol crossover is a major challenge for passive alkaline-DEFC systems. This study investigated the performance of a crosslinked quaternized poly (vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide (QPVA/GO) composite membrane to reduce ethanol permeability, leading in enhancement of passive alkaline-DEFC performance. The chemical and physical structure, morphology, ethanol uptake and permeability, ion exchange capacity, water uptake, and ionic conductivity of the composite membranes were characterized and measured to evaluate their applicability in fuel cells. The transport properties of the membrane were affected by GO loading, with an optimal loading of 15 wt.% and doped with 1 M of KOH showing the lowest ethanol permeability (1.49 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 and 3.65 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 at 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively) and the highest ionic conductivity (1.74 × 10-2 S cm-1 and 6.24 × 10-2 S cm-1 at 30 °C and 60 °C, respectively). In the passive alkaline-DEFCs, the maximum power density was 9.1 mW cm-2, which is higher than commercial Nafion 117/KOH (7.68 mW cm-2) at 30 °C with a 2 M ethanol + 2 M KOH solution. For the 60 °C, the maximum power density of composite membrane achieved was 11.4 mW cm-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zakaria
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. K. Kamarudin
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
- Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. N. Timmiati
- Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zakaria Z, Kamarudin SK. Performance of quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol)‐based electrolyte membrane in passive alkaline DEFCs application: RSM optimization approach. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zakaria
- Fuel Cell InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. K. Kamarudin
- Fuel Cell InstituteUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 43600 Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Shi B, Zhang J, Wu W, Wang J, Huang J. Controlling conduction environments of anion exchange membrane by functionalized SiO2 for enhanced hydroxide conductivity. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
36
|
Wang L, Shi B. Hydroxide Conduction Enhancement of Chitosan Membranes by Functionalized MXene. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11112335. [PMID: 30469362 PMCID: PMC6266289 DOI: 10.3390/ma11112335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, imidazolium brushes tethered by –NH2-containing ligands were grafted onto the surface of a 2D material, MXene, using precipitation polymerization followed by quaternization. Functionalized MXene was embedded into chitosan matrix to prepare a hybrid alkaline anion exchange membrane. Due to high interfacial compatibility, functionalized MXene was homogeneously dispersed in chitosan matrix, generating continuous ion conduction channels and then greatly enhancing OH− conduction property (up to 172%). The ability and mechanism of OH− conduction in the membrane were elaborated based on systematic tests. The mechanical-thermal stability and swelling resistance of the membrane were evidently augmented. Therefore, it is a promising anion exchange membrane for alkaline fuel cell application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China.
| | - Benbing Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ma WT, Kumar SR, Hsu CT, Shih CM, Tsai SW, Yang CC, Liu YL, Lue SJ. Magnetic field-assisted alignment of graphene oxide nanosheets in a polymer matrix to enhance ionic conduction. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
38
|
Zakaria Z, Kamarudin SK, Timmiati SN, Masdar MS. New composite membrane poly(vinyl alcohol)/graphene oxide for direct ethanol-proton exchange membrane fuel cell. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Zakaria
- Fuel Cell Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. K. Kamarudin
- Fuel Cell Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - S. N. Timmiati
- Fuel Cell Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| | - M. S. Masdar
- Fuel Cell Institute; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia; 43600 UKM Bangi Selangor Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ma Q, Liang T, Cao L, Wang L. Intelligent poly (vinyl alcohol)-chitosan nanoparticles-mulberry extracts films capable of monitoring pH variations. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 108:576-584. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
40
|
Liao GM, Yang CC, Hu CC, Teng LW, Hsieh CH, Lue SJ. Optimal loading of quaternized chitosan nanofillers in functionalized polyvinyl alcohol polymer membrane for effective hydroxide ion conduction and suppressed alcohol transport. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
41
|
Hsu PY, Hu TY, Kumar SR, Chang CH, Wu KCW, Tung KL, Lue SJ. Highly Zeolite-Loaded Polyvinyl Alcohol Composite Membranes for Alkaline Fuel-Cell Electrolytes. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E102. [PMID: 30966138 PMCID: PMC6415070 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Having a secure and stable energy supply is a top priority for the global community. Fuel-cell technology is recognized as a promising electrical energy generation system for the twenty-first century. Polyvinyl alcohol/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (PVA/ZIF-8) composite membranes were successfully prepared in this work from direct ZIF-8 suspension solution (0⁻45.4 wt %) and PVA mixing to prevent filler aggregation for direct methanol alkaline fuel cells (DMAFCs). The ZIF-8 fillers were chosen for the appropriate cavity size as a screening aid to allow water and suppress methanol transport. Increased ionic conductivities and suppressed methanol permeabilities were achieved for the PVA/40.5% ZIF-8 composites, compared to other samples. A high power density of 173.2 mW cm-2 was achieved using a KOH-doped PVA/40.5% ZIF-8 membrane in a DMAFC at 60 °C with 1⁻2 mg cm-2 catalyst loads. As the filler content was raised beyond 45.4 wt %, adverse effects resulted and the DMAFC performance (144.9 mW cm-2) was not improved further. Therefore, the optimal ZIF-8 content was approximately 40.5 wt % in the polymeric matrix. The specific power output was higher (58 mW mg-1) than most membranes reported in the literature (3⁻18 mW mg-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Ya Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
| | - Ting-Yu Hu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
| | - Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hao Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da-an, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Kevin C-W Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da-an, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lun Tung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Da-an, Taipei City 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shingjiang Jessie Lue
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, and Green Technology Research Center, Chang Gung University, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan.
- Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, Ming-Chi University of Technology, Taishan District, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Li J, Lian K. The effect of SiO2 additives on solid hydroxide ion-conducting polymer electrolytes: a Raman microscopy study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7148-7155. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00262b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Effect of SiO2 and particle size on hydroxide ion-conduction in an alkaline polymer electrolyte correlated to structure and chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jak Li
- Flexible Electronics and Energy Laboratory
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Canada
| | - Keryn Lian
- Flexible Electronics and Energy Laboratory
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- University of Toronto
- Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Gradiently distributed iron oxide@graphene oxide nanofillers in quaternized polyvinyl alcohol composite to enhance alkaline fuel cell power density. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.08.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
44
|
Sun Y, Jiang X, Hou L. A quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composite alkaline polymer electrolyte: preparation and characterization of the membrane. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
45
|
Surfactant-Assisted Perovskite Nanofillers Incorporated in Quaternized Poly (Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membrane as an Effective Hydroxide-Conducting Electrolyte. ENERGIES 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/en10050615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
46
|
Reorientation of Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Crosslinked Quaternized Polyvinyl Alcohol as Effective Solid Electrolyte. ENERGIES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/en9121003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
47
|
Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticle-Incorporated Quaternized Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Composite Membranes as Solid Electrolytes for Direct Methanol Alkaline Fuel Cells. Electrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.11.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
48
|
Abd Wahab NZ, Nainggolan I, Nasution TI, Derman MN, Shantini D. Highly Response and Sensitivity Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol Based Hexanal Sensors. MATEC WEB OF CONFERENCES 2016; 78:01072. [DOI: 10.1051/matecconf/20167801072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
|
49
|
Fumed Silica Nanoparticles Incorporated in Quaternized Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite Membrane for Enhanced Power Densities in Direct Alcohol Alkaline Fuel Cells. ENERGIES 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/en9010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|