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Goi YK, Liang YY. Impact of temperature and forward osmosis membrane properties on the concentration polarization and specific energy consumption of hybrid desalination system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:32246-32263. [PMID: 38648004 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates how temperature and forward osmosis (FO) membrane properties, such as water permeability (A), solute permeability (B), and structural parameter (S), affect the specific energy consumption (SEC) of forward osmosis-reverse osmosis system. The results show that further SEC reduction beyond the water permeability of 3 LMH bar-1 is limited owing to high concentration polarization (CP). Increasing S by 10-fold increases FO recovery by 177.6%, causing SEC decreases by 33.6%. However, membrane with smaller S also increases external CP. To reduce SEC, future work should emphasize mixing strategies to reduce external CP. Furthermore, increasing the temperature from 10 to 40 °C can reduce SEC by 14.3%, highlighting the energy-saving potential of temperature-elevated systems. The factorial design indicates that at a lower temperature, increasing A and decreasing S have a more significant impact on reducing SEC. This underlines the importance of developing advanced FO membranes, particularly for lower-temperature processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ken Goi
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Yong Yeow Liang
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuh Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia.
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2
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Wang X, Zhao Y, Wen X. Effect of Polyethylene Glycol Additive on the Structure and Performance of Fabric-Reinforced Thin Film Composite. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052318. [PMID: 36903568 PMCID: PMC10005719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fabric-reinforced thin film composite (TFC) membranes exhibit outstanding mechanical durability over free-standing membranes for commercial applications. In this study, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was incorporated to modify the polysulfone (PSU) supported fabric-reinforced TFC membrane for forward osmosis (FO). The effects of PEG content and molecular weight on the structure, material property and FO performance of the membrane were investigated comprehensively, and the corresponding mechanisms were revealed. The membrane prepared by using 400 g/mol PEG exhibited better FO performances than those of membranes with 1000 and 2000 g/mol PEG, and 20 wt.% was demonstrated to be the optimal PEG content in the casting solution. The permselectivity of the membrane was further improved by reducing the PSU concentration. The optimal TFC-FO membrane had a water flux (Jw) of 25.0 LMH using deionized (DI) water feed and 1 M NaCl draw solution, and the specific reverse salt flux (Js/Jw) was as low as 0.12 g/L. The degree of internal concentration polarization (ICP) was significantly mitigated. The membrane behaved superior to the commercially available fabric-reinforced membranes. This work provides a simple and low-cost approach in the development TFC-FO membrane and shows great potential in the large-scale production for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuntao Zhao
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Sustained Utilization and Development of Water Resources, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
- Correspondence: (X.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xueyou Wen
- School of Water Resources and Environment, Hebei GEO University, Shijiazhuang 050031, China
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Salehi H, Shakeri A, Lammertink RG. Thermo-responsive graft copolymer PSf-g-PNIPM: Reducing the structure parameter via morphology control of forward osmosis membrane substrates. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Al-Sakaji BAK, Al-Asheh S, Maraqa MA. A Review on the Development of an Integer System Coupling Forward Osmosis Membrane and Ultrasound Waves for Water Desalination Processes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:2710. [PMID: 35808754 PMCID: PMC9269142 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This review considers the forward osmosis (FO) membrane process as one of the feasible solutions for water desalination. Different aspects related to the FO process are reviewed with an emphasis on ultrasound assisted FO membrane processes. The different types of membranes used in FO are also reviewed and discussed; thus, their configuration, structure and applications are considered. Coupling ultrasound with FO enhances water flux through the membrane under certain conditions. In addition, this review addresses questions related to implementation of an ultrasound/FO system for seawater desalination, such as the impact on fouling, flow configuration, and location of fouling. Finally, the mechanisms for the impact of ultrasound on FO membranes are discussed and future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara A. K. Al-Sakaji
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.A.-S.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Sameer Al-Asheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 2666, United Arab Emirates
| | - Munjed A. Maraqa
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates; (B.A.K.A.-S.); (M.A.M.)
- National Water and Energy Center, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 1551, United Arab Emirates
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Effects of Operating Conditions on the Performance of Forward Osmosis with Ultrasound for Seawater Desalination. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14132092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the effect of using ultrasound on water flux through a forward osmosis membrane when applied for seawater desalination. A synthetically prepared solution simulating seawater with scaling substances and organic foulants was used. The parameters considered include membrane cross-flow velocity, flow configuration (co-current versus counter-current), direction of ultrasound waves relative to the membrane side (active layer versus support layer), and type of draw solution (NaCl versus MgCl2). The study revealed that applying a continuous ultrasound frequency of 40 kHz was effective in enhancing water flux, especially when the ultrasound source faces the membrane active layer, irrespective of the used draw solution. The highest water flux enhancement (70.8% with NaCl draw solution and 61.9% with MgCl2 draw solution) occurred at low cross-flow velocity and with the ultrasound waves facing the membrane active layer. It was also observed that the use of ultrasound generally caused an adverse effect on the water flux when the ultrasound source faces the membrane support layer. Moreover, applying the ultrasound at the membrane support layer increased the reverse solute flux. For all tested cases, higher water flux enhancement was observed with NaCl as a draw solution compared to the cases when MgCl2 was used as a draw solution.
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Ahmed M, Kumar R, Sakurai H, Al-Wazzan Y, Bhadrachari G, Nakao T, Thomas JP. Exploring the Performance Parameters of a Commercial-Scale Hollow Fibre Forward Osmosis Module during the Arabian Gulf Seawater Desalination. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-021-06018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim MK, Chang JW, Park K, Yang DR. Comprehensive assessment of the effects of operating conditions on membrane intrinsic parameters of forward osmosis (FO) based on principal component analysis (PCA). J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Foo ZH, Rehman D, Coombs OZ, Deshmukh A, Lienhard JH. Multicomponent Fickian solution-diffusion model for osmotic transport through membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Wang Z, Feng D, Chen Y, He D, Elimelech M. Comparison of Energy Consumption of Osmotically Assisted Reverse Osmosis and Low-Salt-Rejection Reverse Osmosis for Brine Management. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:10714-10723. [PMID: 34269563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Minimum and zero liquid discharge (MLD/ZLD) are emerging brine management strategies that attract heightened attention. Although conventional reverse osmosis (RO) can improve the energy efficiency of MLD/ZLD processes, its application is limited by the maximum hydraulic pressure (ΔPmax) that can be applied in current membrane modules. To overcome such limitation, novel RO-based technologies, including osmotically assisted RO (OARO) and low-salt-rejection RO (LSRRO), have been proposed. Herein, we utilize process modeling to systematically compare the energy consumption of OARO and LSRRO for MLD/ZLD applications. Our modeling results show that the specific energy consumption (SEC) of LSRRO is lower (by up to ∼30%) than that of OARO for concentrating moderately saline feed waters (<∼35,000 mg/L TDS) to meet MLD/ZLD goals, whereas the SEC of OARO is lower (by up to ∼40%) than that of LSSRO for concentrating higher salinity feed waters (>∼70,000 mg/L TDS). However, by implementing more stages and/or an elevated ΔPmax, LSRRO has the potential to outperform OARO energetically for treating high-salinity feed waters. Notably, the SEC of both OARO and LSRRO could be 50% lower than that of mechanical vapor compressor, the commonly used brine concentrator in MLD/ZLD applications. We conclude with a discussion on the practicability of OARO and LSRRO based on membrane module availability and capital cost, suggesting that LSRRO could potentially be more feasible than OARO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxin Wang
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Dejun Feng
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Yuanmiaoliang Chen
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456, Singapore
| | - Di He
- Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
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Eddouibi J, Abderafi S, Vaudreuil S, Bounahmidi T. Water desalination by forward osmosis: Dynamic performance assessment and experimental validation using MgCl2 and NaCl as draw solutes. Comput Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2021.107313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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12
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Xing YL, Xu GR, An ZH, Liu YH, Xu K, Liu Q, Zhao HL, Das R. Laminated GO membranes for water transport and ions selectivity: Mechanism, synthesis, stabilization, and applications. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Impact of osmotic and thermal isolation barrier on concentration and temperature polarization and energy efficiency in a novel FO-MD integrated module. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Jafarinejad S. Forward osmosis membrane technology for nutrient removal/recovery from wastewater: Recent advances, proposed designs, and future directions. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128116. [PMID: 33297109 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the concept of nutrient removal/recovery has been applied as a sustainable solution to develop and design various modern wastewater treatment technologies for recovering nutrients from waste streams and is one of the high-priority research areas. Forward osmosis (FO) technology has received increasing interests as a potential low-fouling membrane process and a new approach to remove/recover nutrients from wastewater and sludge. The main objective of this review is to summarize the state of FO technology for nutrient removal/recovery from wastewater and sludge in order to identify areas of future improvements. In this study, nutrient removal processes, FO membrane technology, main factors affecting the FO process performance, the source water for nutrient recovery, the previous studies on the FO membrane process for nutrient removal/recovery from wastewater and sludge, membrane fouling, and recent advances in FO membranes for nutrient removal/recovery were briefly and critically reviewed. Then, the proposed possible designs to apply FO process in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) were theoretically presented. Finally, based on the gaps identified in the area, challenges ahead, future perspectives, and conclusions were discussed. Further investigations on the properties of FO associated with real wastewater, wastewater pre-treatment, the long-term low fouling operation, membrane cleaning strategies, water flux and the economic feasibility of the FO process are still desirable to apply FO technology for nutrient removal/recovery at full-scale (decentralized or centralized) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahryar Jafarinejad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, USA.
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15
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Performance Comparison of Spiral-Wound and Plate-and-Frame Forward Osmosis Membrane Module. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10110318. [PMID: 33143029 PMCID: PMC7693574 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We compared two representative forward osmosis (FO) modules—spiral-wound (SW) and plate-and-frame (PF)—to provide practical information for the selection of FO element for a large-scale FO process. The FO operating performance of commercially available SW FO and PF FO was explored under different membrane area and flow rate conditions. The performance trend as a function of the membrane was obtained by adjusting the number of serially connected elements. Although SW FO and PF FO elements exhibited comparable feed pressure drops, SW FO demonstrated a significantly higher draw channel pressure drop than PF FO. Furthermore, the significant draw pressure drop in SW FO increased the draw inlet pressure, consequently limiting the number of serially connected elements. For example, the maximum number of serially connected elements for the normal operation was three elements for SW FO (45.9 m2) but nine elements for PF FO (63 m2) when the flow rate of 10 LMP was applied for feed and draw streams. Additionally, a footprint analysis indicated that SW FO module exhibited a slightly larger footprint than PF FO. Under investigated conditions, PF FO exhibited relatively better performance than SW FO. Therefore, this pilot-scale FO study highlighted the need to reduce the flow resistance of SW FO draw channel to take advantage of the high packing density of the SW element.
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Blandin G, Ferrari F, Lesage G, Le-Clech P, Héran M, Martinez-Lladó X. Forward Osmosis as Concentration Process: Review of Opportunities and Challenges. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100284. [PMID: 33066490 PMCID: PMC7602145 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years, osmotic membrane systems, such as forward osmosis (FO), have gained popularity as "soft" concentration processes. FO has unique properties by combining high rejection rate and low fouling propensity and can be operated without significant pressure or temperature gradient, and therefore can be considered as a potential candidate for a broad range of concentration applications where current technologies still suffer from critical limitations. This review extensively compiles and critically assesses recent considerations of FO as a concentration process for applications, including food and beverages, organics value added compounds, water reuse and nutrients recovery, treatment of waste streams and brine management. Specific requirements for the concentration process regarding the evaluation of concentration factor, modules and design and process operation, draw selection and fouling aspects are also described. Encouraging potential is demonstrated to concentrate streams more than 20-fold with high rejection rate of most compounds and preservation of added value products. For applications dealing with highly concentrated or complex streams, FO still features lower propensity to fouling compared to other membranes technologies along with good versatility and robustness. However, further assessments on lab and pilot scales are expected to better define the achievable concentration factor, rejection and effective concentration of valuable compounds and to clearly demonstrate process limitations (such as fouling or clogging) when reaching high concentration rate. Another important consideration is the draw solution selection and its recovery that should be in line with application needs (i.e., food compatible draw for food and beverage applications, high osmotic pressure for brine management, etc.) and be economically competitive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Blandin
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Ferrari
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain;
| | - Geoffroy Lesage
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Pierre Le-Clech
- UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
| | - Marc Héran
- Institut Européen des Membranes, IEM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France; (G.L.); (M.H.)
| | - Xavier Martinez-Lladó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Water, Air and Soil Unit, 08242 Manresa, Spain;
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17
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Lee S, Straub AP. Opportunities for high productivity and selectivity desalination via osmotic distillation with improved membrane design. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Ding C, Yi M, Liu B, Han C, Yu X, Wang Y. Forward osmosis-extraction hybrid process for resource recovery from dye wastewater. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Cheng P, Kelly MM, Moehring NK, Ko W, Li AP, Idrobo JC, Boutilier MSH, Kidambi PR. Facile Size-Selective Defect Sealing in Large-Area Atomically Thin Graphene Membranes for Sub-Nanometer Scale Separations. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:5951-5959. [PMID: 32628858 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c01934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atomically thin graphene with a high-density of precise subnanometer pores represents the ideal membrane for ionic and molecular separations. However, a single large-nanopore can severely compromise membrane performance and differential etching between pre-existing defects/grain boundaries in graphene and pristine regions presents fundamental limitations. Here, we show for the first time that size-selective interfacial polymerization after high-density nanopore formation in graphene not only seals larger defects (>0.5 nm) and macroscopic tears but also successfully preserves the smaller subnanometer pores. Low-temperature growth followed by mild UV/ozone oxidation allows for facile and scalable formation of high-density (4-5.5 × 1012 cm-2) useful subnanometer pores in the graphene lattice. We demonstrate scalable synthesis of fully functional centimeter-scale nanoporous atomically thin membranes (NATMs) with water (∼0.28 nm) permeance ∼23× higher than commercially available membranes and excellent rejection to salt ions (∼0.66 nm, >97% rejection) as well as small organic molecules (∼0.7-1.5 nm, ∼100% rejection) under forward osmosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifu Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Mattigan M Kelly
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Nicole K Moehring
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
| | - Wonhee Ko
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - An-Ping Li
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Juan Carlos Idrobo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Michael S H Boutilier
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Piran R Kidambi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
- Interdisciplinary Materials Science Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, United States
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Ren J, Chowdhury MR, Xia L, Ma C, Bollas GM, McCutcheon JR. A computational fluid dynamics model to predict performance of hollow fiber membrane modules in forward osmosis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Zargar M, Ujihara R, Vogt SJ, Vrouwenvelder JS, Fridjonsson EO, Johns ML. Imaging of membrane concentration polarization by NaCl using 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Lee S. Exploring the Operation Factors that Influence Performance of a Spiral-Wound Forward Osmosis Membrane Process for Scale-up Design. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10030053. [PMID: 32213880 PMCID: PMC7143179 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forward osmosis (FO) technology has increasingly attracted attention owing to its low operational energy and low fouling propensity. Despite extensive investigations on FO, very few module-scale FO studies on the operation and design of the FO process have been conducted. In this paper, a simple and practical FO process design parameter called normalized membrane area is suggested based on a performance analysis of spiral-wound FO elements. The influence of operation factors on operating pressures and water recovery was investigated using 8-inch spiral wound elements in the continuous operation mode. The membrane area was adjusted by series connection of FO elements to a maximum value of 46 m2 (three elements). The feed and draw flow rates were varied between 5 and 15 LPM under various feed (10, 20, and 30 g/L) and draw (58.4 and 233.8 g/L) concentration combinations. The analysis of flow rates (feed, draw, and permeate flow rates) indicated not only high flow channel resistance on the draw side but also high permeate flow rates can induce higher operating pressures owing to strong mutual interaction of the feed and the draw streams. Feed water recovery was focused on as a key performance index, and the experimental recovery (RExp) and theoretical maximum recovery (RTh) values were compared. The results revealed the significance of the feed flow rate and the membrane area in terms of enhancing the water recovery performance. In addition, a clear relationship was observed between the membrane area normalized by the initial feed flow rates and the water recovery ratio (RExp/RTh), even though the applied operation conditions were different. Finally, an empirical equation to estimate the required membrane area of spiral-wound FO was proposed for the FO process design. The equation can be used to predict water recovery of FO systems as well, for example, if an FO system is operated at 0.08 m2L−1h of the normalized membrane area, the system is expected to offer 78% of the RTh value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyun Lee
- Department of Civil Environmental Engineering, School of Disaster Prevention and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 2559 Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 37224, Korea;
- Department of Environmental Machinery, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea
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Gao H, Chen W, Xu C, Liu S, Tong X, Chen Y. Two-Dimensional Ti 3C 2T x MXene/GO Hybrid Membranes for Highly Efficient Osmotic Power Generation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2931-2940. [PMID: 32048835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b05100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic power has emerged as one of the promising candidates for clean and renewable energy. However, the advancement of present osmotic power-harvesting technologies, specifically pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) in this work, is hindered by the unsatisfactory membrane transport properties. Herein, we demonstrate the freestanding transition-metal carbides and graphene oxide hybrid membranes as high-performance PRO membranes. Due to the elimination of internal concentration polarization, the freestanding hybrid membrane can achieve a record-high power density up to approximately 56.4 W m-2 with 2.0 M NaCl as the draw solution and river water (0.017 M) as the feed water at an applied hydraulic pressure difference of 9.66 bar. In addition, the hybrid membranes exhibit enhanced antifouling potential and antibacterial activity. The facile fabrication of the hybrid membranes shed light on a new membrane development platform for the highly anticipated osmotic power-harvesting technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Gao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Wensi Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Chunyan Xu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Su Liu
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Xin Tong
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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24
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Wang Z, Deshmukh A, Du Y, Elimelech M. Minimal and zero liquid discharge with reverse osmosis using low-salt-rejection membranes. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 170:115317. [PMID: 31786394 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.115317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Minimal and zero liquid discharge (MLD/ZLD) are wastewater management strategies that are attracting heightened attention worldwide. While conventional reverse osmosis (RO) has been proposed as a promising technology in desalination and MLD/ZLD processes, its application is limited by the maximum hydraulic pressures that current RO membranes and modules can withstand. In this study, we develop low-salt-rejection RO (LSRRO), a novel staged RO process, that employs low-salt-rejection membranes to desalinate or concentrate highly saline feed streams, requiring only moderate hydraulic pressures. Based on process modeling, we demonstrate that LSRRO can overcome the hydraulic pressure limitations of conventional RO, achieving hypersaline brine salinities (>4.0 M NaCl or 234 g L-1 NaCl) that are required for MLD/ZLD applications, without using excessively high hydraulic pressures (≤70 bar). In addition, we show that the energy efficiency of LSSRO is substantially higher than traditional thermally-driven phase-change-based technologies, such as mechanical vapor compressor (MVC). For example, to concentrate a saline feed stream from 0.1 to 1.0 M NaCl, the specific energy consumption (SEC) of 4-stage LSRRO ranges from 2.4 to 8.0 kWh of electrical energy per m3 of feedwater treated, around four times less than that of MVC, which requires 20-25 kWhe m-3. Furthermore, compared to osmotically mediated RO technologies that require bilateral countercurrent stages to treat hypersaline brines, LSRRO is eminently more practical as it can be readily implemented by using 'loose' RO or nanofiltration membranes in conventional RO. Our study highlights LSRRO's potential for energy efficient brine concentration using moderate hydraulic pressures, which would drastically improve the energetic and economic performance of MLD/ZLD processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangxin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Akshay Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Yuhao Du
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, United States.
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25
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Vinardell S, Astals S, Mata-Alvarez J, Dosta J. Techno-economic analysis of combining forward osmosis-reverse osmosis and anaerobic membrane bioreactor technologies for municipal wastewater treatment and water production. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 297:122395. [PMID: 31761630 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The economic feasibility of combining forward osmosis (FO), reverse osmosis (RO) and anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) technologies for municipal wastewater treatment with energy and water production was analysed. FO was used to pre-concentrate the AnMBR influent, RO for draw solution regeneration and water production, and AnMBR for wastewater treatment and energy production. The minimum wastewater treatment cost was estimated at 0.81 € m-3, achieved when limiting the FO recovery to 50% in a closed-loop scheme. However, the cost increased to 1.01 and 1.27 € m-3 for FO recoveries of 80% and 90%, respectively. The fresh water production cost was estimated at 0.80 and 1.16 € m-3 for an open-loop scheme maximising water production and a closed-loop scheme, respectively. The low FO membrane fluxes were identified as a limiting factor and a sensitivity analysis revealed that FO membrane fluxes of 10 LMH would significantly improve the competitiveness of FO-RO + AnMBR technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Vinardell
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sergi Astals
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Mata-Alvarez
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Dosta
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Gulied M, Al Nouss A, Khraisheh M, AlMomani F. Modeling and simulation of fertilizer drawn forward osmosis process using Aspen Plus-MATLAB model. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134461. [PMID: 31629261 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although experimental studies on the impact of feed (FS) and draw solutions (DS) on the forward osmosis (FO) applications are reported in literature, systematic mathematical modeling considering the dynamic change in solution properties is lacking. In this study, asymmetric FO membrane simulation model was established using Aspen Plus-MATLAB subroutines algorithm to account for the effect of concentration polarization (CP), types of FS and DS and in their properties on FO performance. The developed model was validated by comparing the simulation with experimental results. The model successfully predict the performance of FO process under wide varieties of operational conditions, FS and DS flow rates and concentrations. The model showed that the variation of MCFDS concentration had a marked effect on water flux (WF) in contrast to flow rate. The WFs obtained from seawater (SW) increased from 5.28 L/m2.h to 42.08 L/m2.h as MCFDS changes from 150 g/L to 300 g/L which corresponding to 11.66% to 45.33% of water recovery. As for synthetic aquaculture wastewater (SAWW), 9.70 L/m2.h to 37.32 L/m2.h of WFs were exhibited with the increase of MCFDS concentration from 50 g/L to 200 g/L, respectively. The effect of concentrated external CP (CECP) was found to be significant in case of SW and negligible with SAWW. Whereas, increasing MCFDS concentration increases the severity effect of dilutive internal CP (DICP). The degree of DICP depends on the solute resistivity (KD) of porous layer, which were elevated (4.22-5.88 s/m) as MCFDS concentration increases (150-300 g/L). The study demonstrated the effectiveness and suitability of the developed Aspen Plus-MATLAB model simulating the FO process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Gulied
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ahmed Al Nouss
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
| | - Majeda Khraisheh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Fares AlMomani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar
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27
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Modelling forward osmosis-nanofiltration integrated process for treatment and recirculation of leather industry wastewater. Comput Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compchemeng.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Mohammed K, Sahu O. Recovery of chromium from tannery industry waste water by membrane separation technology: Health and engineering aspects. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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29
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Liu X, Shu L, Jin S. A modeling investigation on the thermal effect in osmosis with gap-filled vertically aligned carbon nanotube membranes. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Hybrid Forward Osmosis⁻Nanofiltration for Wastewater Reuse: System Design. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:membranes9050061. [PMID: 31064140 PMCID: PMC6572449 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9050061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The design of a hybrid forward osmosis–nanofiltration (FO–NF) system for the extraction of high-quality water from wastewater is presented here. Simulations were performed based on experimental results obtained in a previous study using real wastewater as the feed solution. A sensitivity analysis, conducted to evaluate the influence of different process parameters, showed that an optimum configuration can be designed with (i) an influent draw solution osmotic pressure equal to 15 bar and (ii) a ratio of influent draw solution to feed solution flow rate equal to 1.5:1. With this configuration, the simulations suggested that the overall FO–NF system can achieve up to 85% water recovery using Na2SO4 or MgCl2 as the draw solute. The modular configuration and the size of the NF stage, accommodating approximately 7000 m2 of active membrane area, was a function of the properties of the membranes selected to separate the draw solutes and water, while detailed simulations indicated that the size of the FO unit might be reduced by adopting a counter-current configuration. Experimental tests with samples of the relevant wastewater showed that Cl−- and Mg2+-based draw solutes would be associated with larger membrane fouling, possibly due to their interaction with the other substances present in the feed solution. However, the results suggest that fouling would not significantly decrease the performance of the designed system. This study contributes to the further evaluation and potential implementation of FO in water reuse systems.
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31
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Yoon H, Lee J, Kim S, Yoon J. Review of concepts and applications of electrochemical ion separation (EIONS) process. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.12.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Bartholomew TV, Mauter MS. Computational framework for modeling membrane processes without process and solution property simplifications. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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33
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Ali SM, Kim JE, Phuntsho S, Jang A, Choi JY, Shon HK. Forward osmosis system analysis for optimum design and operating conditions. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 145:429-441. [PMID: 30189398 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Low energy consumption and less fouling propensity of forward osmosis (FO) processes have been attractive as a promising water filtration technology. The performance of this process is however significantly influenced by its operating conditions. Moreover, these operating parameters have both favourable and adverse effects on its performance. Therefore, it is very important to optimize its performance for efficient and economic operation. This study aims to develop a software to analyze a full-scale FO system for optimum performance. A comprehensive theoretical framework was developed to estimate the performance of FO system. Analysis results were compared with the experimental results to validate the models. About 5% deviation of simulation results and the experimental findings shows a very good agreement between them. A novel optimization algorithm was then developed to estimate the minimum required draw solution (DS) inlet flowrate and the number of elements in a pressure vessel to attain the design objectives (i.e. desired final DS concentration and recovery rate at a specific feed solution (FS) flowrate). A detailed parametric study was also conducted to determine the optimum operating conditions for different objectives. It showed that for a specific design objective, higher recovery rate can be achieved by increasing the DS flowrate and number of elements in a pressure vessel. In contrast, lower final concentration can be obtained by lowering the DS flowrate and increasing the number of elements. Finally, a MATLAB based software with graphical user interface was developed to make the analysis process easier and efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muztuza Ali
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Am Jang
- Graduate School of Water Resources, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), 2066, Seobu-ro, Jangan-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Hyorim Industries Inc., Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, 513-2, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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34
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Sirinupong T, Youravong W, Tirawat D, Lau W, Lai G, Ismail A. Synthesis and characterization of thin film composite membranes made of PSF-TiO2/GO nanocomposite substrate for forward osmosis applications. ARAB J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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35
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Yang Y, Ramos TL, Heo J, Green MD. Zwitterionic poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer/poly(arylene ether sulfone) blends for fouling-resistant desalination membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Park K, Heo H, Kim DY, Yang DR. Feasibility study of a forward osmosis/crystallization/reverse osmosis hybrid process with high-temperature operation: Modeling, experiments, and energy consumption. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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37
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Kim J, Kim J, Kim J, Hong S. Osmotically enhanced dewatering-reverse osmosis (OED-RO) hybrid system: Implications for shale gas produced water treatment. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Performance analysis of plate-and-frame forward osmosis membrane elements and implications for scale-up design. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Shaffer DL, LaManna JM, Jacobson DL, Hussey DS, Elimelech M, Chan EP. Studying water and solute transport through desalination membranes via neutron radiography. J Memb Sci 2018; 548:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.046. [PMID: 38606272 PMCID: PMC11008498 DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Neutron radiography, a non-destructive imaging technique, is applied to study water and solute transport through desalination membranes. Specifically, we use neutron radiography to quantify lithium chloride draw solute concentrations across a thin-film composite membrane during forward osmosis permeation. This measurement provides direct visual confirmation of incomplete support layer wetting and reveals significant dilutive external concentration polarization of the draw solution outside of the membrane support layer. These transport-limiting phenomena have been hypothesized in previous work and are not accounted for in the standard thin-film model of forward osmosis permeation, resulting in inaccurate estimations of membrane transport properties. Our work demonstrates neutron radiography as a powerful measurement tool for studying membrane transport and emphasizes the need for direct experimental measurements to refine the forward osmosis transport model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devin L. Shaffer
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Jacob M. LaManna
- Radiation Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - David L. Jacobson
- Radiation Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Daniel S. Hussey
- Radiation Physics Division, Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Edwin P. Chan
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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40
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Zhao Y, Wang X, Ren Y, Pei D. Mesh-Embedded Polysulfone/Sulfonated Polysulfone Supported Thin Film Composite Membranes for Forward Osmosis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:2918-2928. [PMID: 29278486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b15309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work, mesh-embedded polysulfone (PSU)/sulfonated polysulfone (sPSU) supported thin film composite (TFC) membranes were developed for forward osmosis (FO). The robust mesh integrated in PSU/sPSU sublayer imparts impressive mechanical durability. The blending of hydrophilic sPSU in PSU sublayer affects the hydrophilicity, porosity, pore structure, and pore size of mesh-embedded PSU/sPSU substrates, and the total thickness, cross-linking degree, and roughness of the corresponding TFC-FO membrane active layers. An appropriate incorporation of sPSU not only significantly decreases the structural parameter, S of the mesh-embedded substrate to 220 μm, which is the lowest reported value for fabric backed FO membrane, but also optimizes the permselectivity of the formed active layer. Regarding the osmosis performance, TFC membranes with sPSU modified substrates gain a higher water flux (Jw) while keeping the specific reverse salt flux (Js/Jw) low. The optimal TFC-FO membrane has a Jw of 31.76 LMH with Js/Jw of 0.19 g/L in FO mode when using deionized water feed and 1 M NaCl draw solution. This paper is practical for developing TFC-FO membrane on hydrophilic support membrane materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Zhao
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Yiwei Ren
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Desheng Pei
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Chongqing 400714, China
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41
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Kim JE, Phuntsho S, Ali SM, Choi JY, Shon HK. Forward osmosis membrane modular configurations for osmotic dilution of seawater by forward osmosis and reverse osmosis hybrid system. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 128:183-192. [PMID: 29102697 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates various options for full-scale modular configuration of forward osmosis (FO) process for osmotic dilution of seawater using wastewater for simultaneous desalination and water reuse through FO-reverse osmosis (RO) hybrid system. Empirical relationship obtained from one FO membrane element operation was used to simulate the operational performances of different FO module configurations. The main limiting criteria for module operation is to always maintain the feed pressure higher than the draw pressure throughout the housing module for safe operation without affecting membrane integrity. Experimental studies under the conditions tested in this study show that a single membrane housing cannot accommodate more than four elements as the draw pressure exceeds the feed pressure. This then indicates that a single stage housing with eight elements is not likely to be practical for safe FO operation. Hence, six different FO modular configurations were proposed and simulated. A two-stage FO configuration with multiple housings (in parallel) in the second stage using same or larger spacer thickness reduces draw pressure build-up as the draw flow rates are reduced to half in the second stage thereby allowing more than four elements in the second stage housing. The loss of feed pressure (pressure drop) and osmotic driving force in the second stage are compensated by operating under the pressure assisted osmosis (PAO) mode, which helps enhance permeate flux and maintains positive pressure differences between the feed and draw chamber. The PAO energy penalty is compensated by enhanced permeate throughput, reduced membrane area, and plant footprint. The contribution of FO/PAO to total energy consumption was not significant compared to post RO desalination (90%) indicating that the proposed two-stage FO modular configuration is one way of making the FO full-scale operation practical for FO-RO hybrid system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Sherub Phuntsho
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
| | - Syed Muztuza Ali
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Joon Young Choi
- Hyorim Industries Inc., Yatap-dong, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-city, 513-2, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Kyong Shon
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology, Sydney, Post Box 129, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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42
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Straub AP, Elimelech M. Energy Efficiency and Performance Limiting Effects in Thermo-Osmotic Energy Conversion from Low-Grade Heat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:12925-12937. [PMID: 29022347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b02213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Low-grade heat energy from sources below 100 °C is available in massive quantities around the world, but cannot be converted to electricity effectively using existing technologies due to variability in the heat output and the small temperature difference between the source and environment. The recently developed thermo-osmotic energy conversion (TOEC) process has the potential to harvest energy from low-grade heat sources by using a temperature difference to create a pressurized liquid flux across a membrane, which can be converted to mechanical work via a turbine. In this study, we perform the first analysis of energy efficiency and the expected performance of the TOEC technology, focusing on systems utilizing hydrophobic porous vapor-gap membranes and water as a working fluid. We begin by developing a framework to analyze realistic mass and heat transport in the process, probing the impact of various membrane parameters and system operating conditions. Our analysis reveals that an optimized system can achieve heat-to-electricity energy conversion efficiencies up to 4.1% (34% of the Carnot efficiency) with hot and cold working temperatures of 60 and 20 °C, respectively, and an operating pressure of 5 MPa (50 bar). Lower energy efficiencies, however, will occur in systems operating with high power densities (>5 W/m2) and with finite-sized heat exchangers. We identify that the most important membrane properties for achieving high performance are an asymmetric pore structure, high pressure resistance, a high porosity, and a thickness of 30 to 100 μm. We also quantify the benefits in performance from utilizing deaerated water streams, strong hydrodynamic mixing in the membrane module, and high heat exchanger efficiencies. Overall, our study demonstrates the promise of full-scale TOEC systems to extract energy from low-grade heat and identifies key factors for performance optimization moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony P Straub
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , P.O. Box 208286, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University , P.O. Box 208286, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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43
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Choi HG, Son M, Choi H. Integrating seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation forward osmosis process using thin-film composite mixed matrix membrane with functionalized carbon nanotube blended polyethersulfone support layer. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:1181-1188. [PMID: 28772356 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film composite mixed matrix membrane (TFC MMM) with functionalized carbon nanotube (fCNT) blended in polyethersulfone (PES) support layer was synthesized via interfacial polymerization and phase inversion. This membrane was firstly tested in lab-scale integrating seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation forward osmosis (FO) process. Water flux of TFC MMM was increased by 72% compared to that of TFC membrane due to enhanced hydrophilicity. Although TFC MMM showed lower water flux than TFC commercial membrane, enhanced reverse salt flux selectivity (RSFS) of TFC MMM was observed compared to TFC membrane (15% higher) and TFC commercial membrane (4% higher), representing membrane permselectivity. Under effluent organic matter (EfOM) fouling test, 16% less normalized flux decline of TFC MMM was observed compared to TFC membrane. There was 8% less decline of TFC MMM compared to TFC commercial membrane due to fCNT effect on repulsive foulant-membrane interaction enhancement, caused by negatively charged membrane surface. After 10 min physical cleaning, TFC MMM displayed higher recovered normalized flux than TFC membrane (6%) and TFC commercial membrane (4%); this was also supported by visualized characterization of fouling layer. This study presents application of TFC MMM to integrated seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation FO process for the first time. It can be concluded that EfOM fouling of TFC MMM was suppressed due to repulsive foulant-membrane interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Gyu Choi
- Center for Membranes, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Son
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, PA 16802, USA
| | - Heechul Choi
- Center for Membranes, Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea; School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea.
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44
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Understanding the impact of membrane properties and transport phenomena on the energetic performance of membrane distillation desalination. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Goh PS, Ismail AF, Matsuura T. Perspective and Roadmap of Energy-Efficient Desalination Integrated with Nanomaterials. SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION REVIEWS 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15422119.2017.1335214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. S. Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A. F. Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
| | - T. Matsuura
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abraham J, Vasu KS, Williams CD, Gopinadhan K, Su Y, Cherian CT, Dix J, Prestat E, Haigh SJ, Grigorieva IV, Carbone P, Geim AK, Nair RR. Tunable sieving of ions using graphene oxide membranes. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 12:546-550. [PMID: 28369049 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2017.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Graphene oxide membranes show exceptional molecular permeation properties, with promise for many applications. However, their use in ion sieving and desalination technologies is limited by a permeation cutoff of ∼9 Å (ref. 4), which is larger than the diameters of hydrated ions of common salts. The cutoff is determined by the interlayer spacing (d) of ∼13.5 Å, typical for graphene oxide laminates that swell in water. Achieving smaller d for the laminates immersed in water has proved to be a challenge. Here, we describe how to control d by physical confinement and achieve accurate and tunable ion sieving. Membranes with d from ∼9.8 Å to 6.4 Å are demonstrated, providing a sieve size smaller than the diameters of hydrated ions. In this regime, ion permeation is found to be thermally activated with energy barriers of ∼10-100 kJ mol-1 depending on d. Importantly, permeation rates decrease exponentially with decreasing sieve size but water transport is weakly affected (by a factor of <2). The latter is attributed to a low barrier for the entry of water molecules and large slip lengths inside graphene capillaries. Building on these findings, we demonstrate a simple scalable method to obtain graphene-based membranes with limited swelling, which exhibit 97% rejection for NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Abraham
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kalangi S Vasu
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christopher D Williams
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Kalon Gopinadhan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Yang Su
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Christie T Cherian
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - James Dix
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Eric Prestat
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sarah J Haigh
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Irina V Grigorieva
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Paola Carbone
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Andre K Geim
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Rahul R Nair
- National Graphene Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Science, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
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Ren J, McCutcheon JR. Making Thin Film Composite Hollow Fiber Forward Osmosis Membranes at the Module Scale Using Commercial Ultrafiltration Membranes. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ren
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
| | - Jeffrey R. McCutcheon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Center for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States
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A Thermodynamical Approach for Evaluating Energy Consumption of the Forward Osmosis Process Using Various Draw Solutes. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9030189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Improved capacitive deionization performance by coupling TiO2 nanoparticles with carbon nanotubes. Sep Purif Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2016.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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