1
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Nasser T, Emamshoushtari MM, Helchi S, Saeidi A, Pajoum Shariati F. Mitigating membrane fouling in an internal loop airlift membrane photobioreactor containing Spirulina platensis: effects of riser cross-sectional area and hydrophilic baffles. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38010621 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2283765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) have gained significant attention due to their ability to support microalgae activities such as cultivation, harvesting, and production of beneficial products. Despite various efforts to mitigate membrane fouling, a fundamental issue in membrane processes, in these systems, a cost-effective and less energy-consuming method is still needed. This study examines the impact of the cross-sectional area of the riser and the baffle material on membrane fouling in an internal loop airlift MPBR. The use of hydrophilic polyester-polypropylene (PES-PP) baffles proves to be more effective than plexiglass baffles. Specifically, in configurations with d = 0.7 cm and d = 1.4 cm, RC/RT decreased by approximately 20% and 13%, respectively, compared to plexiglass baffles. As for the values of RP/RT at a distance of d = 0.7, nearly a 5% increase was observed, and at a distance of d = 1.4, an increase of approximately 11% was observed. This is due to the development of the cake layer on the matrix structure of the PES-PP baffles instead of the membrane itself. The most optimal outcomes were reached while working with PES-PP at a distance of 0.7 cm, as it prolonged the membrane fouling time to 46 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarlan Nasser
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Salar Helchi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Saeidi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Pajoum Shariati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Liao Y, Fatehi P, Liao B. Microalgae cell adhesions on hydrophobic membrane substrates using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 230:113514. [PMID: 37598610 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation are affected by interactions between microalgae strains and membrane materials. Variations of surface properties of microalgae and membrane materials are expected to affect cell-membranes and cell-cell interactions and thus initial microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation rates. Hence, it should be possible to identify the dominant mechanisms controlling microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation. The effects of surface properties of three different microalgal strains and three different types of membrane materials on microalgal cell adhesion and biofilm formation were systematically investigated in real time by monitoring changes in the oscillation frequency and dissipation of the quartz crystal resonator (QCM-D). The results revealed that in general a higher surface free energy, more negative zeta potential, and higher surface roughness of membrane materials positively correlated with a larger quantity of microalgae cell deposition, while a more hydrophilic microalgae with a larger negative zeta potential preferred to attach to a more hydrophobic membrane material. The adhered microalgal layers exhibited viscoelastic properties. The relative importance of these mechanisms in controlling microalgae cell attachment and biofilm formation might vary, depending on the properties of specific microalgae species and hydrophobic membrane materials used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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3
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Liu C, Liu J, Zhu L, Tang S, Xiong H. Direct visual observation of particle deposition in the different zones of MD flow field: Mechanisms of deposition and release. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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4
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Microalgae enrichment for biomass harvesting and water reuse by ceramic microfiltration membranes. J Memb Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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5
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Razali MC, Wahab NA, Sunar N, Shamsudin NH. Existing Filtration Treatment on Drinking Water Process and Concerns Issues. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:285. [PMID: 36984672 PMCID: PMC10051433 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Water is one of the main sources of life's survival. It is mandatory to have good-quality water, especially for drinking. Many types of available filtration treatment can produce high-quality drinking water. As a result, it is intriguing to determine which treatment is the best. This paper provides a review of available filtration technology specifically for drinking water treatment, including both conventional and advanced treatments, while focusing on membrane filtration treatment. This review covers the concerns that usually exist in membrane filtration treatment, namely membrane fouling. Here, the parameters that influence fouling are identified. This paper also discusses the different ways to handle fouling, either based on prevention, prediction, or control automation. According to the findings, the most common treatment for fouling was prevention. However, this treatment required the use of chemical agents, which will eventually affect human health. The prediction process was usually used to circumvent the process of fouling development. Based on our reviews up to now, there are a limited number of researchers who study membrane fouling control based on automation. Frequently, the treatment method and control strategy are determined individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mashitah Che Razali
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Norhaliza Abdul Wahab
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Noorhazirah Sunar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hazahsha Shamsudin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia
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6
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Hachemi C, Enfrin M, Rashed AO, Jegatheesan V, Hodgson PD, Callahan DL, Lee J, Dumée LF. The impact of PET microplastic fibres on PVDF ultrafiltration performance - A short-term assessment of MP fouling in simple and complex matrices. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136891. [PMID: 36257385 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are key components for the capture of microplastics (MPs) before they are released into natural waterways. Removal efficiencies as high as 99% may be achieved but sub-micron MPs as well as nanoplastics have been overlooked because of analytical limitations. Furthermore, short MP fibres are of concern because of their low capture rate as well as the lack of understanding of their influence on purification system efficiency. This study has investigated the impact of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) short nanofibres on the performance of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes during cross-flow operation. Model MP fibres with an average length of 10 ± 7 μm and a diameter of 142 ± 40 nm were prepared via a combination of electrospinning and fine cutting using a cryomicrotome. The manufactured MPs were added to both pure and synthetic domestic wastewater at a concentration of 1 mg.L-1 to determine their impact on the performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes. The results show that PET fibres attach to the membrane in a disorganised manner with low pore coverage. The water flux was decreased by 8% for MPs in pure water and no noticeable effect in wastewater after 3 days of filtration. Additionally, the nutrient removal efficiency of the membrane was not altered by the presence of PET MPs. These findings show that MP fibres do not significantly influence the early stages of filtration for a standard concentration of MPs in wastewater treatment plant studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Hachemi
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Marie Enfrin
- Civil Engineering and Infrastructure, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahmed O Rashed
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter D Hodgson
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien L Callahan
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - Judy Lee
- Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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7
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Membrane fouling behavior and its control in a vibration membrane filtration system related to EOM secreted by microalgae. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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8
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Zhao Z, Blockx J, Muylaert K, Thielemans W, Szymczyk A, Vankelecom IF. Exploiting flocculation and membrane filtration synergies for highly energy-efficient, high-yield microalgae harvesting. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Optimization of Air Flotation and the Combination of Air Flotation and Membrane Filtration in Microalgae Harvesting. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
On account of its small size and poor sedimentation performance, microalgae harvesting is restricted from a wider application. Air flotation is an efficient and fast solid–liquid separation technology, which has the potential to overcome the impediments of microalgae harvesting. In this study, factors influencing microalgae harvesting by air flotation were investigated. The results illustrated that bound extracellular organic matter (bEOM) had a greater effect on microalgae harvesting by air flotation, compared with dissolved extracellular organic matter (dEOM). Microalgae harvesting by air flotation in different growth stages proceeded, and the effect of air flotation in the heterotrophic stage was better than the autotrophic stage. The molecular weight distributions demonstrated that after air flotation, the proportion of high MW substance increased, while the proportion of low MW substance decreased, regardless of whether dEOM or bEOM. Membrane filtration was carried out for the algal solutions before and after air flotation. The membrane of pre-flotation algal solution had a higher critical flux of 51 L/m2·h than that of no-pre-flotation (24 L/m2·h), and, thus, pre-flotation had an active effect on membrane filtration in microalgae harvesting. Moreover, the combination of air flotation and membrane filtration provided an efficient technology for microalgae harvesting.
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10
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Sutariya B, Sargaonkar A, Raval H. Methods of visualizing hydrodynamics and fouling in membrane filtration systems: recent trends. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2089585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhaumik Sutariya
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Aabha Sargaonkar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- Cleaner Technology and Modelling Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India
| | - Hiren Raval
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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11
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Jiang S, Xiao S, Chu H, Sun J, Yu Z, Zhang W, Chen Y, Zhou X, Zhang Y. Performance enhancement and fouling alleviation by controlling transmembrane pressure in a vibration membrane system for algae separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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12
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Zhao F, Han X, Shao Z, Li Z, Li Z, Chen D. Effects of different pore sizes on membrane fouling and their performance in algae harvesting. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Castro-Muñoz R, García-Depraect O. Membrane-Based Harvesting Processes for Microalgae and Their Valuable-Related Molecules: A Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11080585. [PMID: 34436347 PMCID: PMC8400455 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The interest in microalgae production deals with its role as the third generation of feedstock to recover renewable energy. Today, there is a need to analyze the ultimate research and advances in recovering the microalgae biomass from the culture medium. Therefore, this review brings the current research developments (over the last three years) in the field of harvesting microalgae using membrane-based technologies (including microfiltration, ultrafiltration and forward osmosis). Initially, the principles of membrane technologies are given to outline the main parameters influencing their operation. The main strategies adopted by the research community for the harvesting of microalgae using membranes are subsequently addressed, paying particular attention to the novel achievements made for improving filtration performance and alleviating fouling. Moreover, this contribution also gives an overview of the advantages of applying membrane technologies for the efficient extraction of the high added-value compounds in microalgae cells, such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates, which together with the production of renewable biofuels could boost the development of more sustainable and cost-effective microalgae biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Campus Toluca, Avenida Eduardo Monroy Cárdenas 2000 San Antonio Buenavista, Toluca de Lerdo 50110, Mexico
- Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza St., 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
| | - Octavio García-Depraect
- Institute of Sustainable Processes, University of Valladolid, Dr. Mergelina, s/n, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
- Correspondence: (R.C.-M.); (O.G.-D.)
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14
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Cheng M, Xie X, Schmitz P, Fillaudeau L. Extensive review about industrial and laboratory dynamic filtration modules: Scientific production, configurations and performances. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.118293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Yu Z, Chu H, Xiao S, Jiang S, Yang L, Zhang Y, Zhou X. Simulation of cake layer topography in heterotrophic microalgae harvesting based on interface modified diffusion-limited-aggregation (IMDLA) and its implications for membrane fouling control. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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16
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Zhao Z, Muylaert K, Szymczyk A, Vankelecom IFJ. Harvesting microalgal biomass using negatively charged polysulfone patterned membranes: Influence of pattern shapes and mechanism of fouling mitigation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 188:116530. [PMID: 33125997 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membranes have a lot of potential for harvesting microalgae, but membrane fouling is hampering their breakthrough. In this study, the effects of charge and corrugated surface on membrane filtration performance were investigated. The clean water permeance (CWP), the microalgae harvesting efficiency and the membrane flux for a microalgal broth were determined using patterned polysulfone (PSf) membranes with different shapes of the surface patterns and containing different charge densities by blending sulfonated polysulfone (sPSf). The flow behavior near the patterned membrane surface, as well as the interaction energy between membrane and microalgae were investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and the improved extended "Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, Overbeek" (XDLVO) theory, respectively. Membrane charge and pattern shape significantly improve the membrane performance. The critical pressures of all sPSf blend patterned membranes were higher than 2.5 bar. A 4.5w% sPSf blend patterned membranes with wave patterns showed the highest CWP (2300 L/m2 h bar) and membrane flux in the microalgal broth (1000 L/m2 h bar) with 100% harvesting efficiency. XDLVO analysis showed that sPSf blend patterned membranes prepared obtained the lowest interaction energy and highest energy barrier for microalgal attachment. CFD simulation showed a higher velocity and wall shear on the pattern apexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial en Molecular Systems, KU Leuven KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Anthony Szymczyk
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR CNRS 6226, 263 Avenue du Ge'ral Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, cedex, France
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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17
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Zhao Z, Mertens M, Li Y, Muylaert K, Vankelecom IFJ. A highly efficient and energy-saving magnetically induced membrane vibration system for harvesting microalgae. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 300:122688. [PMID: 31901780 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The optimal operational parameters of a second generation magnetically induced membrane vibration (MMV) system were determined using the response surface methodology (RSM) combined with single-factor experiments. The membrane surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and algae cell states by inverted microscopy. The effect of an intermittent vibration strategy on filtration performance and energy consumption was studied. The results showed that the responses could be fitted by RSM models. High membrane flux, low energy consumption, efficient fouling control and no damage to the microalgae could thus be realized. The filtration strategy tests suggested that an intermittent cycle time of 4 min with 50% vibration rate could be the best vibration strategy for harvesting the microalgae under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Zhao
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Mertens
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yun Li
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Lab Aquatic Biology, Microbial en Molecular Systems, KU Leuven KULAK, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Ivo F J Vankelecom
- Membrane Technology Group (MTG), Division cMACS, Faculty of Bio-Science Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, PO Box 2454, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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18
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Chew JW, Kilduff J, Belfort G. The behavior of suspensions and macromolecular solutions in crossflow microfiltration: An update. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Hua L, Cao H, Ma Q, Shi X, Zhang X, Zhang W. Microalgae Filtration Using an Electrochemically Reactive Ceramic Membrane: Filtration Performances, Fouling Kinetics, and Foulant Layer Characteristics. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:2012-2021. [PMID: 31916753 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical membrane filtration has proven to be successful for microbial removal and separation from water. In addition, membrane fouling could be mitigated by electrochemical reactions and electrostatic repulsion on a reactive membrane surface. This study assessed the filtration performances and fouling characteristics of electrochemically reactive ceramic membranes (a Magneli phase suboxide of TiO2) when filtering algal suspension under different dc currents to achieve anodic or cathodic polarization. The critical flux results indicate that when applying positive or negative dc currents (e.g., 1.25-2.5 mA·cm-2) to the membrane, both significantly mitigated membrane fouling and thus maintained higher critical fluxes (up to 14.6 × 10-5·m3·m-2·s-1 or 526 LMH) compared to the critical flux without dc currents. Moreover, applying dc currents also enhanced membrane defouling processes and recovered high permeate flux better than hydraulic and chemical backwash methods. Moreover, fouling kinetics and the cake layer formation were further analyzed with a resistance-in-series model that revealed many important but underexamined parameters (e.g., cake layer resistance and cake layer thickness). The cake layer structures (e.g., compressibility) were shown to vary with the electrochemical activity, which provide new insight into the biofouling mechanisms. Finally, the algogenic odor, geosmin, was shown to be effectively removed by this reactive membrane under positive dc currents (2.5 mA·cm-2), which highlights the multifunctional capabilities of electrochemically reactive membrane filtration in biomass separation, fouling prevention, and pollutant degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Hua
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Han Cao
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Qingquan Ma
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Center for Algal Biology and Applied Research, Institute of Hydrobiology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , South Donghu Road , Wuchang District, Wuhan , Hubei 430072 , China
| | - Wen Zhang
- John A. Reif, Jr. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , New Jersey Institute of Technology , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
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20
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Improved Nylon 6,6 Nanofiber Membrane in A Tilted Panel Filtration System for Fouling Control in Microalgae Harvesting. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020252. [PMID: 31973178 PMCID: PMC7077208 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The competitiveness of algae as biofuel feedstock leads to the growth of membrane filtration as one of promising technologies for algae harvesting. Nanofiber membrane (NFM) was found to be efficient for microalgae harvesting via membrane filtration, but it is highly limited by its weak mechanical strength. The main objective of this study is to enhance the applicability of nylon 6,6 NFM for microalgae filtration by optimizing the operational parameters and applying solvent vapor treatment to improve its mechanical strength. The relaxation period and filtration cycle could be optimized to improve the hydraulic performance. For a cycle of 5 min., relaxation period of ≤2 min shows the highest steady-state permeability of 365 ± 14.14 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, while for 10 min cycle, 3 min. of relaxation period was found optimum that yields permeability of 402 ± 34.47 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. The treated nylon 6,6 NFM was also used to study the effect of aeration rate. It is confirmed that the aeration rate enhances the steady-state performance for both intermittent and continuous mode of aeration. Remarkably, intermittent aeration shows 7% better permeability than the full aeration for all tested condition, which is beneficial for reducing the total energy consumption.
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21
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Roy M, Mohanty K. A comprehensive review on microalgal harvesting strategies: Current status and future prospects. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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22
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Villafaña-López L, Clavijo Rivera E, Liu S, Couallier E, Frappart M. Shear-enhanced membrane filtration of model and real microalgae extracts for lipids recovery in biorefinery context. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 288:121539. [PMID: 31152954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the hydrodynamic effects of rotating disk filtration (with maximum shear rates of 16,000 s-1 and 66,000 s-1) were evaluated and compared with the crossflow filtration (16,000 s-1) in the recovery of lipids from a model solution that simulates the characteristics of Parachlorella kessleri aqueous extracts. Four polymeric membranes were tested. The PAN 500 kDa membrane along with the rotating disk filtration presented the best performances for lipid concentration and coalescence. The rotating disk filtration was tested with real microalgae extracts, confirming the total lipid retention and the limited membrane fouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Villafaña-López
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France; CIATEC A.C., Centro de Innovación Aplicada en Tecnologías Competitivas, Omega 201, Col. Industrial Delta, 37545 León, Gto., Mexico
| | - Erika Clavijo Rivera
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
| | - Shuli Liu
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France; ADEME, 20 avenue du Grésillé, BP90406, 49004 Angers Cedex 01, France
| | - Estelle Couallier
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France.
| | - Matthieu Frappart
- CNRS, GEPEA, Université de Nantes, 37 Boulevard de l'université, BP 406, 44602 Saint-Nazaire Cedex, France
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23
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Harvesting of Scenedesmus acuminatus using ultrafiltration membranes operated in alternative feed directions. J Biosci Bioeng 2019; 128:103-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Bilad MR, Azizo AS, Wirzal MDH, Jia Jia L, Putra ZA, Nordin NAHM, Mavukkandy MO, Jasni MJF, Yusoff ARM. Tackling membrane fouling in microalgae filtration using nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 223:23-28. [PMID: 29885561 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae technology, if managed properly, has promising roles in solving food-water-energy nexus. The Achilles' heel is, however, to lower the costs associated with cultivation and harvesting. As a favorable technique, application of membrane process is strongly limited by membrane fouling. This study evaluates performance of nylon 6,6 nanofiber membrane (NFM) to a conventional polyvinylidene fluoride phase inverted membrane (PVDF PIM) for filtration of Chlorella vulgaris. Results show that nylon 6,6 NFM is superhydrophilic, has higher size of pore opening (0.22 vs 0.18 μm) and higher surface pore density (23 vs 18 pores/μm2) leading to higher permeance (1018 vs 493 L/m2hbar) and better fouling resistant. Such advantages help to outperform the filterability of PVDF PIM by showing much higher steady-state permeance (286 vs 120 L/m2hbar), with comparable biomass retention. In addition, unlike for PVDF PIM, imposing longer relaxation cycles further enhances the performance of the NFM (i.e., 178 L/m2hbar for 0.5 min and 236 L/m2hbar for 5 min). Overall findings confirm the advantages of nylon 6,6 NFM over the PVDF PIM. Such advantages can help to reduce required membrane area and specific aeration demand by enabling higher flux and lowering aeration rate. Nevertheless, developments of nylon 6,6 NFM material with respect to its intrinsic properties, mechanical strength and operational conditions of the panel can still be explored to enhance its competitiveness as a promising fouling resistant membrane material for microalgae filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - A S Azizo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M D H Wirzal
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - L Jia Jia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Z A Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610, Perak, Malaysia
| | - M O Mavukkandy
- Institute Center for Water and Environment (iWater), Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, PO Box 54224, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - M J F Jasni
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - A R M Yusoff
- Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
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25
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Liao Y, Bokhary A, Maleki E, Liao B. A review of membrane fouling and its control in algal-related membrane processes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 264:343-358. [PMID: 29983228 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have received much attention in microalgae biorefinery for nutrients removal from wastewater, carbon dioxide abatement from the air as well as the production of value-added products and biofuel in recent years. This paper provides a state-of-the-art review on membrane fouling issues and its control in membrane photobioreactors (MPBRs) and other algal-related membrane processes (harvesting, dewatering, and biofuel production). The mechanisms of membrane fouling and factors affecting membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are systematically reviewed. Also, strategies to control membrane fouling in algal-related membrane processes are summarized and discussed. Finally, the gaps, challenges, and opportunities in membrane fouling control in algal-related membrane technologies are identified and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Alnour Bokhary
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Esmat Maleki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Baoqiang Liao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada.
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26
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Zhang Y, Fu Q. Algal fouling of microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes and control strategies: A review. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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27
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Xu K, Li Y, Zou X, Wen H, Shen Z, Ren X. Investigating microalgae cell-microsphere interactions during microalgae harvesting by ballasted dissolved air flotation through XDLVO theory. Biochem Eng J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2018.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Mertens M, Bilad M, Gebreyohannes A, Marbelia L, Vankelecom I. Membrane development for improved performance of a magnetically induced vibration system for anaerobic sludge filtration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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29
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The ultrafiltration efficiency and mechanism of transglutaminase enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) for protein recovery from cheese whey. Int Dairy J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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30
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Ye J, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Hu Q. Microalgal dewatering using a polyamide thin film composite forward osmosis membrane and fouling mitigation. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Jung JY, Kim K, Choi SA, Shin H, Kim D, Bai SC, Chang YK, Han JI. Dynamic filtration with a perforated disk for dewatering of Tetraselmis suecica. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2017; 38:3102-3108. [PMID: 28142501 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2017.1290145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic filtration equipped with a perforated disk was adopted for the first time to dewater and concentrate Tetraselmis suecica, from a typical solution of 2-100 g/L of dense biomass suited for the downstream process. An ultrafiltration membrane, polyethersulfone 150 kDa, was found to best perform in terms of high biomass retention and filtration rate. At 1600 rpm, the highest rotation speed of the disk we tested, plateau permeate flux increased up to 20.2 times higher than those with no rotation; this improvement was attributed to fouling reduction (up to 98%) via distinctively high-shear stress on the membrane surface. Even at a high biomass concentration (100 g/L) where fouling formation was very serious, the heightened shear stress caused high flux to be maintained and fouling resistance to be reduced in an effective way. When trans-membrane pressure was increased in a stepwise manner, flux continuously rose at high rotation speed; at low speed, on the other hand, the limiting flux was observed. The dynamic filtration with the perforated disk, which was an effective high-shear stress generator, was proven to be a promising dewatering means of T. suecica, and especially so for the production of highly concentrated biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Young Jung
- a Advanced Biomass R&D Center , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
- b Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyochan Kim
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Choi
- d Biomass and Waste Energy Laboratory , Korea Institute of Energy Research , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
- e Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , Seoul , Republic of Korea
| | - Heewon Shin
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Sungchul C Bai
- b Department of Marine Bio-materials and Aquaculture/Feeds & Foods Nutrition Research Center , Pukyong National University , Busan , Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Keun Chang
- a Advanced Biomass R&D Center , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
- c Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , KAIST , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Han
- f Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , KAIST, Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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32
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Chong WC, Mahmoudi E, Chung YT, Koo CH, Mohammad AW, Kamarudin KF. Improving performance in algal organic matter filtration using polyvinylidene fluoride–graphene oxide nanohybrid membranes. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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33
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Eliseus A, Bilad MR, Nordin NAHM, Putra ZA, Wirzal MDH. Tilted membrane panel: A new module concept to maximize the impact of air bubbles for membrane fouling control in microalgae harvesting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 241:661-668. [PMID: 28609754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae harvesting using membrane technology is challenging because of its high fouling propensity. As an established fouling mitigation technique, efficacy of air bubbles can be improved by maximizing the impact of shear-rates in scouring foulant. In this study, it is achieved by tilting the membrane panel. We investigate the effect of tilting angle, switching period as well as aeration rate during microalgal broth filtration. Results show that higher tilting angles (up to 20°) improve permeability of up to 2.7 times of the vertical panel. In addition, operating a one-sided panel is better than a two-sided panel, in which the later involved switching mode. One-sided membrane panel only require a half of area, yet its performance is comparable with of a large-scale module. This tilted panel can lead to significant membrane cost reductions and eventually improves the competitiveness of membrane technology for microalgae harvesting application.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Eliseus
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M R Bilad
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia; Jurusan Pendidikan Kimia, Institut Keguruan Ilmu Pendidikan, Jalan Pemuda No 59A, Mataram, Indonesia.
| | - N A H M Nordin
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Z A Putra
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
| | - M D H Wirzal
- Chemical Engineering Department, UniversitiTeknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, 32610 Perak, Malaysia
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34
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Zhao F, Chu H, Yu Z, Jiang S, Zhao X, Zhou X, Zhang Y. The filtration and fouling performance of membranes with different pore sizes in algae harvesting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 587-588:87-93. [PMID: 28237468 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, ultrafiltration membranes with three different pore sizes were applied for algae harvesting to investigate filtration performance. The critical fluxes (JC) increased as the pore size increased, and the JC of 0.03-, 0.05- and 0.1-μm membranes were 20.0, 25.0 and 42.0Lm-2h-1, respectively. During continuous filtration, 0.7JC was selected as the operation flux and the 0.1-μm membrane had the highest initial flux and final flux. It also had the highest flux decline rate, and therefore, the 0.1-μm membrane was more appropriate for algae separation compared to the 0.03- and 0.05-μm membrane. The mechanism by which pore size influenced filtration performance and membrane fouling was presented from the viewpoint of permeate drag force (FD). A lower FD retarded the velocity of algae cells towards the membrane, which could decelerate the deposition of particles on the membrane and thus reduce the membrane fouling rate. As the pore size increased, the membrane hydraulic resistance (Rm) decreased, which led to a decrease of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangchao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huaqiang Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenjiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuhong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinhua Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xuefei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yalei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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35
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Increasing the vibration frequency to mitigate reversible and irreversible membrane fouling using an axial vibration membrane in microalgae harvesting. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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36
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Shekhar M, Shriwastav A, Bose P, Hameed S. Microfiltration of algae: Impact of algal species, backwashing mode and duration of filtration cycle. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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37
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Kim K, Jung JY, Shin H, Choi SA, Kim D, Bai SC, Chang YK, Han JI. Harvesting of Scenedesmus obliquus using dynamic filtration with a perforated disk. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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38
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Using axial vibration membrane process to mitigate membrane fouling and reject extracellular organic matter in microalgae harvesting. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Chu H, Zhao F, Tan X, Yang L, Zhou X, Zhao J, Zhang Y. The impact of temperature on membrane fouling in algae harvesting. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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