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Peng K, Zhang C, Fang J, Cai H, Ling R, Ma Y, Tang G, Zuo P, Yang Z, Xu T. Constructing Microporous Ion Exchange Membranes via Simple Hypercrosslinking for pH-Neutral Aqueous Organic Redox Flow Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202407372. [PMID: 38895749 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202407372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes (IEMs) play a critical role in aqueous organic redox flow batteries (AORFBs). Traditional IEMs that feature microphase-separated microstructures are well-developed and easily available but suffer from the conductivity/selectivity tradeoff. The emerging charged microporous polymer membranes show the potential to overcome this tradeoff, yet their commercialization is still hindered by tedious syntheses and demanding conditions. We herein combine the advantages of these two types of membrane materials via simple in situ hypercrosslinking of conventional IEMs into microporous ones. Such a concept is exemplified by the very cheap commercial quaternized polyphenylene oxide membrane. The hypercrosslinking treatment turns poor-performance membranes into high-performance ones, as demonstrated by the above 10-fold selectivity enhancement and much-improved conductivities that more than doubled. This turn is also confirmed by the effective and stable pH-neutral AORFB with decreased membrane resistance and at least an order of magnitude lower capacity loss rate. This battery shows advantages over other reported AORFBs in terms of a low capacity loss rate (0.0017 % per cycle) at high current density. This work provides an economically feasible method for designing AORFB-oriented membranes with microporosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Peng
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Suqian Time Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Suqian, 223800, P. R. China
| | - Junkai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Cai
- Suqian Time Energy Storage Technology Co., Ltd., Suqian, 223800, P. R. China
| | - Rene Ling
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yunxin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Gonggen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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2
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Abeysekera I, Bosire R, Masese FK, Ndaya D, Kasi RM. Ionic nanoporous membranes from self-assembled liquid crystalline brush-like imidazolium triblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6834-6847. [PMID: 39150444 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00449c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
There is a need to generate mechanically and thermally robust ionic nanoporous membranes for separation and fuel cell applications. Herein, we report a general approach to the preparation of ionic nanoporous membranes through custom synthesis, self-assembly, and subsequent chemical manipulations of ionic brush block copolymers. We synthesized polynorbornene-based triblock copolymers containing imidazolium cations balanced by counter anions in the central block, side-chain liquid crystalline units, and sidechain polylactide end blocks. This unique platform comprises: (1) imidazolium/bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) as the middle block, which has an excellent ion-exchange ability, (2) cyanobiphenyl liquid crystalline end block, a sterically hindered hydrophobic segment, which is chemically stable and immune to hydroxide attack, (3) polylactide brush-like units on the other end block that is easily etched under mild alkaline conditions and (4) a polynorbornene backbone, a lightly crosslinked system that offers mechanical robustness. These membranes retain their morphology before and after backbone crosslinking as well as etching of polylactide sidechains. The ion exchange performance and dimensional stability of these membranes were investigated by water uptake capability and swelling ratio. Moreover, the length of the carbon spacer in the imidazolium/TFSI central block moiety endowed the membrane with improved ionic conductivity. The ionic nanoporous materials are unusual due to their singular thermal, mechanical, alkaline stability and ion transport properties. Applications of these materials include electrochemical actuators, solid-state ionic nanochannel biosensors, and ion-conducting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyomali Abeysekera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Francis K Masese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
- Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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3
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Espinoza C, Díaz JC, Kitto D, Kim HK, Kamcev J. Bound Water Enhances the Ion Selectivity of Highly Charged Polymer Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45433-45446. [PMID: 39136307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical technologies for water treatment, resource recovery, energy generation, and energy storage rely on charged polymer membranes to selectively transport ions. With the rise of applications involving hypersaline brines, such as management of desalination brine or the recovery of ions from brines, there is an urgent need for membranes that can sustain high conductivity and selectivity under such challenging conditions. Current membranes are constrained by an inherent trade-off between conductivity and selectivity, alongside concerns regarding their high costs. Moreover, a gap in the fundamental understanding of ion transport within charged membranes at high salinities prevents the development of membranes that could meet these stringent requirements efficiently. Here, we present the synthesis of scalable, highly charged membranes that demonstrate high conductivity and selectivity while contacting 1 and 5 molal NaCl solutions. A detailed analysis of the membrane transport properties reveals that the high proportion of bound water in the membranes, enabled by the high charge content and hydrophilic structure of the polymers, enhances both the ion partitioning and diffusion selectivities of the membranes. These structure/property relationships derived from this study offer valuable guidance for designing next-generation membranes that simultaneously achieve exceptional conductivity and selectivity in high-salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Espinoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - José C Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Hyunjik K Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
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4
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Ding Z, Gu T, Zhang M, Wang K, Sun D, Li J. Angstrom-Scale 2D Channels Designed For Osmotic Energy Harvesting. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403593. [PMID: 39180252 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
Confronting the impending exhaustion of traditional energy, it is urgent to devise and deploy sustainable clean energy alternatives. Osmotic energy contained in the salinity gradient of the sea-river interface is an innovative, abundant, clean, and renewable osmotic energy that has garnered considerable attention in recent years. Inspired by the impressively intelligent ion channels in nature, the developed angstrom-scale 2D channels with simple fabrication process, outstanding design flexibility, and substantial charge density exhibit excellent energy conversion performance, opening up a new era for osmotic energy harvesting. However, this attractive research field remains fraught with numerous challenges, particularly due to the complexities associated with the regulation at angstrom scale. In this review, the latest advancements in the design of angstrom-scale 2D channels are primarily outlined for harvesting osmotic energy. Drawing upon the analytical framework of osmotic power generation mechanisms and the insights gleaned from the biomimetic intelligent devices, the design strategies are highlighted for high-performance angstrom channels in terms of structure, functionalization, and application, with a particular emphasis on ion selectivity and ion transport resistance. Finally, current challenges and future prospects are discussed to anticipate the emergence of more anomalous properties and disruptive technologies that can promote large-scale power generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengmao Ding
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Tiancheng Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jinjin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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5
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Shilla A, Mwandila G. Review of methods for alumina recovery from mudstone and coal fly ash. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34812. [PMID: 39149027 PMCID: PMC11324987 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing recovery methods from coal mine waste like mudstone and coal fly ash (CFA) is crucial to expanding the alumina supply beyond bauxite. This review explores various approaches for alumina recovery from mudstone and CFA. Six main leaching techniques are discussed-caustic soda, nitric acid, Sulphuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and leaching roasted coal mine wastes. Due to high silica content, these techniques differ from those for bauxite minerals. Alkaline solutions, like sodium and calcium hydroxide, show promise but are cost-intensive. Sulphuric acid, combined with calcium hydroxide or sodium carbonate before roasting, yields efficient results, surpassing 90 % recovery. Microbial extraction also shows promise, but commercialisation faces equipment accessibility challenges. Heat treatment and optimal calcination temperatures are crucial, especially with acid reagents like Sulphuric and hydrochloric acids, preferred for insolubility in silica and better recovery. Sustainable alumina recovery requires further research into economically viable and ecologically friendly technology. This review underscores the need for feasible, high-purity alumina recovery techniques from mudstone and CFA for industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani Shilla
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Mines and Mineral Sciences, Copperbelt University, Zambia
- Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence (CBU-ACESM), Zambia
| | - Gershom Mwandila
- Chemical Engineering Department, School of Mines and Mineral Sciences, Copperbelt University, Zambia
- Copperbelt University Africa Centre of Excellence (CBU-ACESM), Zambia
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6
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Teixeira FC, Teixeira APS, Rangel CM. New triazinephosphonate dopants for Nafion proton exchange membranes (PEM). Beilstein J Org Chem 2024; 20:1623-1634. [PMID: 39076286 PMCID: PMC11285047 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.20.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
A new paradigm for energy is underway demanding decarbonized energy systems. Some of them rely on emerging electrochemical devices, crucial in hydrogen technologies, including fuel cells, CO2 and water electrolysers, whose applications and performances depend on key components such as their separators/ion-exchange membranes. The most studied and already commercialized Nafion membrane shows great chemical stability, but its water content limits its high proton conduction to a limited range of operating temperatures. Here, we report the synthesis of a new series of triazinephosphonate derivatives and their use as dopants in the preparation of new modified Nafion membranes. The triazinephosphonate derivatives were prepared by substitution of chlorine atoms in cyanuric chloride. Diverse conditions were used to obtain the trisubstituted (4-hydroxyphenyl)triazinephosphonate derivatives and the (4-aminophenyl)triazinephosphonate derivatives, but with these amino counterparts, only the disubstituted compounds were obtained. The new modified Nafion membranes were prepared by casting incorporation of the synthesized 1,3,5-triazinephosphonate (TPs) derivatives. The evaluation of the proton conduction properties of the new membranes and relative humidity (RH) conditions and at 60 °C, showed that they present higher proton conductivities than the prepared Nafion membrane and similar or better proton conductivities than commercial Nafion N115, in the same experimental conditions. The Nafion-doped membrane with compound TP2 with a 1.0 wt % loading showed the highest proton conductivity with 84 mS·cm-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima C Teixeira
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal,
| | - António P S Teixeira
- Departamento de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano & LAQV- REQUIMTE, IIFA, Universidade de Évora, R. Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal
| | - C M Rangel
- Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, I.P., Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal,
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7
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Yang PX, Wang J, Liu HL, Guo ZY, Huang ZH, Zhang PP, Ji ZY. High-Performance Monovalent Selective Cation Exchange Membranes with Ionically Cross-Linkable Side Chains: Effect of the Acidic Groups. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:35576-35587. [PMID: 38940328 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by the charge-governed protein channels located in the cell membrane, a series of polyether ether ketone-based polymers with side chains containing ionically cross-linkable quaternary ammonium groups and acidic groups have been designed and synthesized to prepare monovalent cation-selective membranes (MCEMs). Three acidic groups (sulfonic acid, carboxylic acid, and phenolic hydroxyl) with different acid dissociation constant (pKa) were selected to form the ionic cross-linking structure with quaternary ammonium groups in the membranes. The ionic cross-linking induced the nanophase separation and constructed ionic channels, which resulted in excellent mechanical performance and high cation fluxes. Interesting, the cation flux of membranes increased as the ionization of acidic groups increase, but the selectivity of MCEMs did not follow the same trend, which was mainly dependent on the affinity between the functional groups and the cations. Carboxyl group-containing MCEMs exhibited the best selectivity (9.01 for Li+/Mg2+), which was higher than that of the commercial monovalent cation-selective CIMS membrane. Therefore, it is possible to prepare stable MCEMs through a simple process using ionically cross-linkable polymers, and tuning acidic groups in the membranes provided an attractive approach to improving the cation flux and selectivity of MCEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xu Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Hui-Li Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Huang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Ji
- Engineering Research Center of Seawater Utilization Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
- Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Marine Chemical Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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8
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Wang M, Wang L, Hou A, Hong M, Li C, Yue Q. Portable sensing methods based on carbon dots for food analysis. J Food Sci 2024; 89:3935-3949. [PMID: 38865253 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.17148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Food analysis is significantly important in monitoring food quality and safety for human health. Traditional methods for food detection mainly rely on benchtop instruments and require a certain amount of analysis time, which promotes the development of portable sensors. Portable sensing methods own many advantages over traditional techniques such as flexibility and accessibility in diverse environments, real-time monitoring, cost-effectiveness, and rapid deployment. This review focuses on the portable approaches based on carbon dots (CDs) for food analysis. CDs are zero-dimensional carbon-based material with a size of less than 10 nm. In the manner of sensing, CDs exhibit rich functional groups, low biotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and excellent optical properties. Furthermore, there are many methods for the synthesis of CDs using various precursor materials. The incorporation of CDs into food science and engineering for enhancing food safety control and risk assessment shows promising prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Aiying Hou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Min Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Chenzhong Li
- Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiaoli Yue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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9
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Lyu B, Jiang J, Jiang Z. Electrostatic Repulsion Facilitated Ion Transport in Covalent-Organic Framework Membranes. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402822. [PMID: 38837540 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Covalent-organic framework (COF) membranes are increasingly used for many potential applications including ion separation, fuel cells, and ion batteries. It is of central importance to fundamentally and quantitatively understand ion transport in COF membranes. In this study, a series of COF membranes is designed with different densities and arrangements of functional groups and subsequently utilize molecular simulation to provide microscopic insights into ion transport in these membranes. The membrane with a single-sided layer exhibits the highest chloride ion (Cl-) conductivity of 77.2 mS cm-1 at 30 °C. Replacing the single-sided layer with a double-sided layer or changing layer arrangement leads to a decrease in Cl- conductivity up to 33% or 53%, respectively. It is revealed that the electrostatic repulsion between ions serves as a driving force to facilitate ion transport and the positions of functional groups determine the direction of electrostatic repulsion. Furthermore, the ordered pores generate concentrated ions and allow rapid ion transport. This study offers bottom-up inspiration on the design of new COF membranes with moderate density and proper arrangement of functional groups to achieve high ion conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohui Lyu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Jianwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Zhongyi Jiang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, China
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10
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Kayukova L, Vologzhanina A. A New 2-Aminospiropyrazolylammonium Cation with Possible Uses in the Topical Areas of Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2024; 29:2326. [PMID: 38792187 PMCID: PMC11124009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29102326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the fact that 2-aminospiropyrazolinium compounds and structurally related azoniaspiro compounds belong, in a broad sense, to the class of ionic liquids, we have reviewed them and studied their practical applications. To search for possible uses of a new 2-aminospiropyrazolinium compounds, it is necessary to undertake a comparison with the related class of azoniaspiro compounds based on available information. The structures of the well-studied class of azoniaspiro compounds and the related but little-studied class of 2-aminospiropyrazolinium have rigid frameworks, limited conformational freedom, and a salt nature. These properties give them the ability to organize the nearby molecular space and enable the structure-forming ability of azoniaspiro compounds in the synthesis of zeolites, as well as the ability to act as phase-transfer catalysts and have selective biological effects. Additionally, these characteristics enable their ability to act as electrolytes and serve as materials for anion exchange membranes in fuel cells and water electrolyzers. Thus, the well-studied properties of azoniaspiro compounds as phase-transfer catalysts, structure-directing agents, electrolytes, and materials for membranes in power sources would encourage the study of the similar properties of 2-aminospiropyrazolinium compounds, which we have studied in relation to in vitro antitubercular, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila Kayukova
- Laboratory of Chemistry of Synthetic and Natural Drug Substances, JSC A.B. Bekturov Institute of Chemical Sciences, 106 Shokan Ualikhanov Str., 050010 Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Anna Vologzhanina
- X-ray Diffraction Laboratory, A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Vavilov Str., B-334, 119334 Moscow, Russia;
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11
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Zhou S, Mei Y, Yang W, Jiang C, Guo H, Feng SP, Tang CY. Energy harvesting from acid mine drainage using a highly proton/ion-selective thin polyamide film. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121530. [PMID: 38564897 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A huge chemical potential difference exists between the acid mine drainage (AMD) and the alkaline neutralization solution, which is wasted in the traditional AMD neutralization process. This study reports, for the first time, the harvest of this chemical potential energy through a controlled neutralization of AMD using H+-conductive films. Polyamide films with controllable thickness achieved much higher H+ conductance than a commercially available cation exchange membrane (CEM). Meanwhile, the optimal polyamide film had an excellent H+/Ca2+ selectivity of 63.7, over two orders of magnitude higher than that of the CEM (0.3). The combined advantages of fast proton transport and high proton/ion selectivity greatly enhanced the power generation of the AMD battery. The power density was 3.1 W m-2, which is over one order of magnitude higher than that of the commercial CEM (0.2 W m-2). Our study provides a new sustainable solution to address the environmental issues of AMD while simultaneously enabling clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Ying Mei
- Research and Development Center for Watershed Environmental Eco-Engineering, Advanced Institute of Natural Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, PR China.
| | - Wulin Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230052, PR China
| | - Hao Guo
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China; Institute of Environment and Ecology, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Shien-Ping Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China; Department of Advanced Design and Systems Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR 999077, PR China.
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12
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Li Q, Wu L, Pang Y, Liu B, Zhu X, Zhao C. Novel Fluorinated Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Poly(Pentafluorophenyl-Carbazole) with High Ionic Conductivity and Alkaline Stability for Fuel Cell Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300734. [PMID: 38361081 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Constructing good microphase separation structures by designing different polymer backbones and ion-conducting groups is an effective strategy for improving the ionic conductivity and chemical stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs). In this study, a series of AEMs based on the poly(pentafluorophenylcarbazole) backbone grafted with different cationic groups are designed and prepared to construct well-defined microphase separation morphology and improve the trade-off between the properties of AEMs. Highly hydrophobic fluorinated backbone and alkyl spaces enhance phase separation and construct interconnected hydrophilic channels for anion transport. The ionic conductivity of the PC-PF-QA membrane is 123 mS cm-1 at 80 °C, and the ionic conductivity of the PC-PF-QA membrane decreased by only 6% after 960 h of immersion at 60 °C in 1 M NaOH aqueous solution. The maximum peak power density of the single cell based on PC-PF-QA is 214 mW cm-2 at 60 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijia Li
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liming Wu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yang Pang
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Binghui Liu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xuanbo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chengji Zhao
- Key Laboratory of High Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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13
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Ozkul S, Arbabzadeh O, Bisselink RJM, Kuipers NJM, Bruning H, Rijnaarts HHM, Dykstra JE. Selective adsorption in ion exchange membranes: The effect of solution ion composition on ion partitioning. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121382. [PMID: 38471202 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrodialysis is a water desalination technology that enables selective separation of ions, making it a promising solution for sustainable water reuse. The selectivity of the process is mainly determined by the properties of ion exchange membranes that can vary depending on the composition of ions in water, such as water uptake and charge density. In this work, we studied selective adsorption of Na+ and K+ ions in various ion exchange membranes considering the effect of solution ion composition on membrane water volume fraction. For that purpose, we conducted membrane adsorption experiments using solutions with Na+ and K+ ions with different ion compositions including Li+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions at different concentrations (0.001 - 0.25 M). The experiments showed that with the total ion concentration and the amount of divalent ions in solution, the membrane water volume fraction decreases while the selective adsorption of the smaller (hydrated) K+ ions over the Na+ ions in the membrane increases. We developed a theoretical framework based on Boublik-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland (BMCSL) theory to describe the effect of membrane water volume fraction on selective adsorption of the ions by including volumetric effects, such as size exclusion. The developed framework was used to describe ion partitioning results of the membrane adsorption experiments. In addition, the effect of solution ion composition on selective ion removal during electrodialysis operation was evaluated using experimental data and theoretical calculations. The results of this study show that considering volumetric effects can improve the ion partitioning description in ion exchange membranes for solutions with various ion compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozkul
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - O Arbabzadeh
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands; Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - R J M Bisselink
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - N J M Kuipers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - H Bruning
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - J E Dykstra
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands.
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14
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Li X, Wei X, Yang N, Wang X, Wang Q, Wu K. Process for Producing Lithium Iodide Cleanly through Electrodialysis Metathesis. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:16631-16639. [PMID: 38617683 PMCID: PMC11007853 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Lithium iodide is commonly used in the production of batteries and drugs. Currently, the neutralization method is the primary means of producing lithium iodide. This method involves using hydriodic acid as a raw material, adding lithium carbonate or lithium hydroxide, and obtaining lithium iodide through evaporation and concentration. However, hydriodic acid is chemically unstable. Its preparation can lead to explosive accidents and encountering high temperatures generates toxic iodine vapors. These limitations restrict its industrial production. The study evaluates the impact of membrane stack configuration, operating voltage, and initial concentrations and volume ratios of reactants on the production process. Electrodialysis metathesis, characterized by a simpler process flow, lower energy consumption, and environmental benefits, emerges as an effective technique for electrically driven membrane separation in lithium salt production and purification. Under the specific conditions of a C-C-A-C-A-C membrane stack configuration, operating voltage at 25 V, initial potassium iodide concentration at 0.4 mol/L, initial lithium sulfate concentration at 0.2 mol/L, and a 1:1 volume ratio of product liquid to raw material liquid, the method achieves a lithium iodide purity of 98.9% with a production cost of approximately 0.502 $/kg LiI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xinlai Wei
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ningning Yang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qun Wang
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Ke Wu
- School of Biology, Food and
Environment, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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15
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Zhao H, Zhang Y, Gong Y, Shen H, Zhang W, Cheng C, Li P. A simple method to prepare anion exchange membrane by PVA/EVOH/MIDA for acid recovery by diffusion dialysis. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2024; 89:2132-2148. [PMID: 38678414 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
Given the substantial environmental pollution from industrial expansion, environmental protection has become particularly important. Nowadays, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) are widely used in wastewater treatment. With the use of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene-vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer, and methyl iminodiacetic acid (MIDA), a series of cross-linked AEMs were successfully prepared using the solvent casting technique, and the network structure was formed in the membranes due to the cross-linking reaction between PVA/EVOH and MIDA. Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the prepared membranes. At the same time, its comprehensive properties which include water uptake, linear expansion rate, ion exchange capacity, thermal stability, chemical stability, and mechanical stability were thoroughly researched. In addition, diffusion dialysis performance in practical applications was also studied in detail. The acid dialysis coefficient (UH+) ranged from 10.2 to 35.6 × 10-3 m/h. Separation factor (S) value ranged from 25 to 38, which were all larger than that of the commercial membrane DF-120 (UH+: 8.5 × 10-3 m/h, S: 18.5). The prepared membranes had potential application value in acid recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhao
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yifei Gong
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Haiyang Shen
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Wenxuan Zhang
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Congliang Cheng
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China E-mail:
| | - Ping Li
- School of Materials & Chemical Engineering, Anhui Jianzhu University, Hefei 230022, China
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16
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Zuo P, Ran J, Ye C, Li X, Xu T, Yang Z. Advancing Ion Selective Membranes with Micropore Ion Channels in the Interaction Confinement Regime. ACS NANO 2024; 18:6016-6027. [PMID: 38349043 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes allowing the passage of charge-carrying ions have established their critical role in water, environmental, and energy-relevant applications. The design strategies for high-performance ion exchange membranes have evolved beyond creating microphase-separated membrane morphologies, which include advanced ion exchange membranes to ion-selective membranes. The properties and functions of ion-selective membranes have been repeatedly updated by the emergence of materials with subnanometer-sized pores and the understanding of ion movement under confined micropore ion channels. These research progresses have motivated researchers to consider even greater aims in the field, i.e., replicating the functions of ion channels in living cells with exotic materials or at least targeting fast and ion-specific transmembrane conduction. To help realize such goals, we briefly outline and comment on the fundamentals of rationally designing membrane pore channels for ultrafast and specific ion conduction, pore architecture/chemistry, and membrane materials. Challenges are discussed, and perspectives and outlooks are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Ran
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Reaction Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, U.K
| | - Xingya Li
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People's Republic of China
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17
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Bian T, Wang X, Zhang Q, Zhu X, Jiao J, Hou Z, Han Q, Guo Z, Wen L, Jiang L, Zhao Y. Uniform Nanoscale Ion-Selective Membrane Prepared by Precision Control of Solution Spreading and Evaporation. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2352-2359. [PMID: 38345565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Ion-selective membrane has broad application in various fields, while the present solution-processed techniques can only prepare uniform membrane with microscale thickness. Herein, a high-quality polymer membrane with nanoscale thickness and uniformity is precisely prepared by controlling solution spreading and solvent evaporation stability/rate. With the arrayed capillaries, the stable spreading of polymer solution with volume of microliter induces the formation of solution film with micrometers thickness. Moreover, the fast increase of solution dynamic viscosity during solvent evaporation inhibits nonuniform Marangoni flow and capillary flow in solution film. Consequently, the uniform Nafion-Li membranes with ∼200 nm thickness are prepared, while their Li+ conductivity is 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of commercially Nafion-117 membrane. Taking lithium-sulfur battery as a model device, the cells (capacities of 8-10 mAh cm-2) can stably operate for 150 cycles at a S loading of 12 mg cm-2 and an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of ∼7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Bian
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xuebing Zhu
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Junrong Jiao
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhichao Hou
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Qing Han
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Guo
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhao
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
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18
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Patel SK, Lee B, Westerhoff P, Elimelech M. The potential of electrodialysis as a cost-effective alternative to reverse osmosis for brackish water desalination. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 250:121009. [PMID: 38118256 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
While electrodialysis (ED) demonstrates lower energy consumption than reverse osmosis (RO) in the desalination of low salinity waters, RO continues to be the predominant technology for brackish water desalination. In this study, we probe this skewed market share and project the potential for future disruption by ED through systematic assessment of the levelized cost of water (LCOW). Using rigorous process- and economic-models, we minimize the LCOW of RO and ED systems, highlighting important tradeoffs between capital and operating expenditure for each technology. With optimized current state-of-the-art systems, we find that ED is more economical than RO for feed salinities ≤ 3 g L-1, albeit to a minor extent. Considering that RO is a highly mature technology, we focus on predicting the future potential of ED by evaluating plausible avenues for capital and operating cost reduction. Specifically, we find that reduction in the price of ion-exchange membranes (i.e., < 60 USD m-2) can ensure competitiveness with RO for feed salinities up to 5 g L-1. For higher feed salinities (≥ 5 g L-1) we reveal that the LCOW of ED may effectively be reduced by decreasing ion-exchange membrane resistance, while preserving high current efficiency. Through extensive assessment of structure-property-performance relationships, we precisely identify target membrane charge densities and diffusion coefficients which optimize the LCOW of ED, thus providing novel guidance for future membrane material development. Overall, we emphasize that with a unified approach - whereby ion-exchange membrane price is reduced and performance is enhanced - ED can become the economically preferable technology compared to RO across the entire brackish water salinity range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum K Patel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT)
| | - Boreum Lee
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA; Department of Environment and Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Westerhoff
- School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520-8286, USA; Nanosystems Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology-Enabled Water Treatment (NEWT).
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19
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Comet Manesa K, Dyosi Z. Review on Moringa oleifera, a green adsorbent for contaminants removal: characterization, prediction, modelling and optimization using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2024; 58:1014-1027. [PMID: 38146218 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2023.2291977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera utilization in water treatment to eliminate emerging pollutants such as heavy metal ions, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and pigments has been extensively evaluated. The efficacy of Moringa oleifera biosorbent has been investigated in diverse research work using various techniques, including its adsorption capacity kinetic, thermodynamic evaluation, adsorbent modifications, and mechanism behind the adsorption process. The Langmuir isotherm provided the most remarkable experimental data fit for batch adsorption investigations, whereas the best fit was obtained with the pseudo-second order kinetic model. Furthermore, only a few papers that combined batch adsorption with fixed-bed column investigations were examined. In the latter articles, the scientists modified the adsorbent to increase the material's adsorption capacity as determined by analytical methods, including IR spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). However, the raw material can show appreciable adsorption capacity values, proving moringa's potency as a biosorbent. Hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction, and van der Waals forces were the main processes in the found and reported adsorbent-adsorbate interactions. These mechanisms could change depending on the physiochemical nature of adsorption. Although frequently employed for heavy metal ions and dye adsorption, Moringa oleifera can still be explored in pesticide and medication adsorption investigations due to the few publications in this comprehensive review. This study, therefore, examined different Adsorbents from the Moringa oleifera plant, as well as parameters and models for enhancing the adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zolani Dyosi
- Knowledge Advancement and Support, National Research Foundation, Pretoria, South Africa
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20
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Kundu D, Dutta D, Joseph A, Jana A, Samanta P, Bhakta JN, Alreshidi MA. Safeguarding drinking water: A brief insight on characteristics, treatments and risk assessment of contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:180. [PMID: 38244090 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Water pollution stands as a critical worldwide concern, bearing extensive repercussions that extend to human health and the natural ecosystem. The sources of water pollution can be diverse, arising from natural processes and human activities and the pollutants may range from chemical and biological agents to physical and radiological contaminants. The contamination of water disrupts the natural functioning of the system, leading to both immediate and prolonged health problems. Various technologies and procedures, ranging from conventional to advanced, have been developed to eliminate water impurities, with the choice depending on the type and level of contamination. Assessing risks is a crucial element in guaranteeing the safety of drinking water. Till now, research is continuing the removal of contaminates for the sake of supplying safe drinking water. The study examined physical, inorganic, organic, biological and radiological contaminants in drinking water. It looked at where these contaminants come from, their characteristics, the impact they have and successful methods used in real-world situations to clean the contaminated water. Risk assessment methodologies associated with the use of unsafe drinking water as future directives are also taken into consideration in the present study for the benefit of public concern. The manuscript introduces a comprehensive study on water pollution, focusing on assessing and mitigating risks associated with physical, inorganic, organic, biological and radiological contaminants in drinking water, with a novel emphasis on future directives and sustainable solutions for public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Kundu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522 240, India.
| | - Deblina Dutta
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, 522 240, India.
| | - Anuja Joseph
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721 302, India
| | - Ankan Jana
- Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302 017, India
| | - Palas Samanta
- Department of Environmental Science, Sukanta Mahavidyalaya, University of North Bengal, Dhupguri, Jalpaiguri, 735 210, India
| | - Jatindra Nath Bhakta
- Department of Ecological Studies & International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, 741 235, India
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21
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Huang Y, Fan H, Yip NY. Mobility of Condensed Counterions in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Application of Screening Length Scaling Relationship in Highly Charged Environments. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:836-846. [PMID: 38147509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Ion-exchange membranes (IEMs) are widely used in water, energy, and environmental applications, but transport models to accurately simulate ion permeation are currently lacking. This study presents a theoretical framework to predict ionic conductivity of IEMs by introducing an analytical model for condensed counterion mobility to the Donnan-Manning model. Modeling of condensed counterion mobility is enabled by the novel utilization of a scaling relationship to describe screening lengths in the densely charged IEM matrices, which overcame the obstacle of traditional electrolyte chemistry theories breaking down at very high ionic strength environments. Ionic conductivities of commercial IEMs were experimentally characterized in different electrolyte solutions containing a range of mono-, di-, and trivalent counterions. Because the current Donnan-Manning model neglects the mobility of condensed counterions, it is inadequate for modeling ion transport and significantly underestimated membrane conductivities (by up to ≈5× difference between observed and modeled values). Using the new model to account for condensed counterion mobilities substantially improved the accuracy of predicting IEM conductivities in monovalent counterions (to as small as within 7% of experimental values), without any adjustable parameters. Further adjusting the power law exponent of the screen length scaling relationship yielded reasonable precision for membrane conductivities in multivalent counterions. Analysis reveals that counterions are significantly more mobile in the condensed phase than in the uncondensed phase because electrostatic interactions accelerate condensed counterions but retard uncondensed counterions. Condensed counterions still have lower mobilities than ions in bulk solutions due to impedance from spatial effects. The transport framework presented here can model ion migration a priori with adequate accuracy. The findings provide insights into the underlying phenomena governing ion transport in IEMs to facilitate the rational development of more selective membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Huang
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
| | - Hanqing Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
| | - Ngai Yin Yip
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
- Columbia Water Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027-6623, United States
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22
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Ponomar M, Ruleva V, Sarapulova V, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V, Maryasevskaya A, Anokhin D, Ivanov D, Sharma J, Kulshrestha V, Améduri B. Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Functionally Porous Proton-Exchange Membrane Based on PVDF-SPA Graft Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:598. [PMID: 38203772 PMCID: PMC10779367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on graft copolymers of dehydrofluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride (D-PVDF), 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA), and 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-hexene (PFH) were prepared via free radical copolymerization and characterized for fuel cell application. The membrane morphology and physical properties were studied via small-(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), SEM, and DSC. It was found that the crystallinity degree is 17% for PEM-RCF (co-polymer with SPA) and 16% for PEM-RCF-2 (copolymer with SPA and PFH). The designed membranes possess crystallite grains of 5-6 nm in diameter. SEM images reveal a structure with open pores on the surface of diameters from 20 to 140 nm. Their transport and electrochemical characterization shows that the lowest membrane area resistance (0.9 Ωcm2) is comparable to perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs (such as Nafion®) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based CJMC cation-exchange membranes (ChemJoy Polymer Materials, China). Key transport and physicochemical properties of new and commercial membranes were compared. The PEM-RCF permeability to NaCl diffusion is rather high, which is due to a relatively low concentration of fixed sulfonate groups. Voltammetry confers that the electrochemical behavior of new PEM correlates to that of commercial cation-exchange membranes, while the ionic conductivity reveals an impact of the extended pores, as in track-etched membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponomar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Valentina Ruleva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
| | - Alina Maryasevskaya
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis Anokhin
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dimitri Ivanov
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jeet Sharma
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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Khan IA, Alzahrani AS, Ali S, Mansha M, Tahir MN, Khan M, Qayyum HA, Khan SA. Development of Membranes and Separators to Inhibit Cross-Shuttling of Sulfur in Polysulfide-Based Redox Flow Batteries: A Review. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300171. [PMID: 37606899 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The global rapid transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy resources necessitates the implementation of long-duration energy storage technologies owing to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources. Therefore, the deployment of grid-scale energy storage systems is inevitable. Sulfur-based batteries can be exploited as excellent energy storage devices owing to their intrinsic safety, low cost of raw materials, low risk of environmental hazards, and highest theoretical capacities (gravimetric: 2600 Wh/kg and volumetric: 2800 Wh/L). However, sulfur-based batteries exhibit certain scientific limitations, such as polysulfide crossover, which causes rapid capacity decay and low Coulombic efficiency, thereby hindering their implementation at a commercial scale. In this review article, we focus on the latest research developments between 2012-2023 to improve the separators/membranes and overcome the shuttle effect associated with them. Various categories of ion exchange membranes (IEMs) used in redox batteries, particularly polysulfide redox flow batteries and lithium-sulfur batteries, are discussed in detail. Furthermore, advances in IEM constituents are summarized to gain insights into different fundamental strategies for attaining targeted characteristics, and a critical analysis is proposed to highlight their efficiency in mitigating sulfur cross-shuttling issues. Finally, future prospects and recommendations are suggested for future research toward the fabrication of more effective membranes with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibad Ali Khan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atif Saeed Alzahrani
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemical Sciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Ali
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mansha
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Nawaz Tahir
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majad Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hafiz Adil Qayyum
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics, College of General Studies, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabi
| | - Safyan Akram Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
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24
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Ali S, Baloch SB, Bernas J, Konvalina P, Onyebuchi EF, Naveed M, Ali H, Jamali ZH, Nezhad MTK, Mustafa A. Phytotoxicity of radionuclides: A review of sources, impacts and remediation strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 240:117479. [PMID: 37884073 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Various anthropogenic activities and natural sources contribute to the presence of radioactive materials in the environment, posing a serious threat to phytotoxicity. Contamination of soil and water by radioactive isotopes degrades the environmental quality and biodiversity. They persist in soils for a considerable amount of time and disturb the fauna and flora of any affected area. Hence, their removal from the contaminated medium is inevitable to prevent their entry into the food chain and the organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Physicochemical methods for radioactive element remediation are effective; however, they are not eco-friendly, can be expensive and impractical for large-scale remediation. Contrastingly, different bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation using appropriate plant species for removing the radionuclides from the polluted sites, and microbe-based remediation, represent promising alternatives for cleanup. In this review, sources of radionuclides in soil as well as their hazardous impacts on plants are discussed. Moreover, various conventional physicochemical approaches used for remediation discussed in detail. Similarly, the effectiveness and superiority of various bioremediation approaches, such as phytoremediation and microbe-based remediation, over traditional approaches have been explained in detail. In the end, future perspectives related to enhancing the efficiency of the phytoremediation process have been elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahzaib Ali
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sadia Babar Baloch
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Bernas
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Konvalina
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Eze Festus Onyebuchi
- Department of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branišovská 1645/31A, 37005, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Ali
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
| | - Zameer Hussain Jamali
- College of Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 611130, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mohammad Tahsin Karimi Nezhad
- Department of Forest Ecology, The Silva Tarouca Research Institute for Landscape and Ornamental 13 Gardening, Lidicka, 25/27, Brno, 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou, 510650, China.
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25
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Sun Z, Zhao M, Chen L, Gong Z, Hu J, Ma D. Electrokinetic remediation for the removal of heavy metals in soil: Limitations, solutions and prospection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 903:165970. [PMID: 37572906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrokinetic remediation (EKR) technology is a promising method to remove heavy metals from low permeability soil, because it is environmentally friendly, efficient and economical, and can realize in-situ remediation. In this paper, the basic principles and related physical and chemical phenomena of EKR are systematically summarized, and three limiting problems of EKR technology are put forward: the weak ability of dissolving metals, focusing effect, and energy consumption. There are many methods to solve these technical problems, but there is a lack of systematic summary of the causes of problems and solutions. Based on various enhanced EKR technologies, this paper summarizes the main ideas to solve the limiting problems. The advantages and disadvantages of each technology are compared, which has guiding significance for the development of new technology in the future. This paper also discusses the dissolution of residual heavy metals, which is rare in other articles. The energy consumption of EKR and the remediation effect are equally important, and both can be used as indicators for evaluating the feasibility of new technologies. This paper reviews the influence of various electric field conditions on power consumption, such as renewable energy supply, new electrode materials and electrode configurations, suitable voltage values and functional electrolytes. In addition, a variety of energy consumption calculation methods are also introduced, which are suitable for ohmic heat loss, energy distribution when there is non-target ion competition, and power consumption of specific ions in various metal ions. Researchers can make selective reference according to their actual situations. This paper also systematically introduces the engineering design and cost calculation of EKR, lists the research progress of some engineering cases and pilot-scale tests, analyzes the reasons why it is difficult to apply EKR technology in large-scale engineering at present, and puts forward the future research direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeying Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Li Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Zhiyang Gong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Junjie Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Degang Ma
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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26
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Lai W, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Huang H. Stability Issues in Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction: Recent Advances in Fundamental Understanding and Design Strategies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2306288. [PMID: 37562821 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) offers a promising approach to close the anthropogenic carbon cycle and store intermittent renewable energy in fuels or chemicals. On the path to commercializing this technology, achieving the long-term operation stability is a central requirement but still confronts challenges. This motivates to organize the present review to systematically discuss the stability issue of CO2 RR. This review starts from the fundamental understanding on the destabilization mechanisms of CO2 RR, with focus on the degradation of electrocatalyst and change of reaction microenvironment during continuous electrolysis. Subsequently, recent efforts on catalyst design to stabilize the active sites are summarized, where increasing atomic binding strength to resist surface reconstruction is highlighted. Next, the optimization of electrolysis system to enhance the operation stability by maintaining reaction microenvironment especially mitigating flooding and carbonate problems is demonstrated. The manipulation on operation conditions also enables to prolong CO2 RR lifespan through recovering catalytically active sites and mass transport process. This review finally ends up by indicating the challenges and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchuan Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yan Qiao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Hongwen Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
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27
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Lee JH, Kim DH, Kang MS. Surface-Modified Pore-Filled Anion-Exchange Membranes for Efficient Energy Harvesting via Reverse Electrodialysis. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:894. [PMID: 38132899 PMCID: PMC10744693 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, novel pore-filled anion-exchange membranes (PFAEMs) modified with polypyrrole (PPy) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were developed to improve the energy harvesting performance of reverse electrodialysis (RED). The surface-modified PFAEMs were fabricated by varying the contents of PPy and rGO through simple spin coating and chemical/thermal treatments. It was confirmed that the PPy and PPy/rGO layers introduced on the membrane surface did not significantly increase the electrical resistance of the membrane and could effectively control surface characteristics, such as structural tightness, hydrophilicity, and electrostatic repulsion. The PPy/rGO-modified PFAEM showed excellent monovalent ion selectivity, more than four times higher than that of the commercial membrane (AMX, Astom Corp., Tokyo, Japan). This means that the PPy/rGO layer can effectively reduce the permeation of multivalent ions with a high charge intensity and a relatively large hydration radius compared to monovalent ions. The results of evaluating the performance of the surface-modified PFAEMs by applying them to a RED cell revealed that the decrease in potential difference occurring in the membrane was reduced by effectively suppressing the uphill transport of multivalent ions. Consequently, the PPy/rGO-modified membrane exhibited a 5.43% higher power density than the AMX membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Moon-Sung Kang
- Department of Green Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Sangmyung University, Cheonan 31066, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (D.-H.K.)
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28
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Kim N, Oh W, Knust KN, Zazyki Galetto F, Su X. Molecularly Selective Polymer Interfaces for Electrochemical Separations. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16685-16700. [PMID: 37955994 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The molecular design of polymer interfaces has been key for advancing electrochemical separation processes. Precise control of molecular interactions at electrochemical interfaces has enabled the removal or recovery of charged species with enhanced selectivity, capacity, and stability. In this Perspective, we provide an overview of recent developments in polymer interfaces applied to liquid-phase electrochemical separations, with a focus on their role as electrosorbents as well as membranes in electrodialysis systems. In particular, we delve into both the single-site and macromolecular design of redox polymers and their use in heterogeneous electrochemical separation platforms. We highlight the significance of incorporating both redox-active and non-redox-active moieties to tune binding toward ever more challenging separations, including structurally similar species and even isomers. Furthermore, we discuss recent advances in the development of selective ion-exchange membranes for electrodialysis and the critical need to control the physicochemical properties of the polymer. Finally, we share perspectives on the challenges and opportunities in electrochemical separations, ranging from the need for a comprehensive understanding of binding mechanisms to the continued innovation of electrochemical architectures for polymer electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Wangsuk Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Kyle N Knust
- Department of Chemistry, Millikin University, 1184 W. Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522, United States
| | - Fábio Zazyki Galetto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Xiao Su
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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29
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Loza N, Falina I, Kutenko N, Shkirskaya S, Loza J, Kononenko N. Bilayer Heterogeneous Cation Exchange Membrane with Polyaniline Modified Homogeneous Layer: Preparation and Electrotransport Properties. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:829. [PMID: 37888001 PMCID: PMC10608705 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A bilayer membrane based on a heterogenous cation exchange membrane with a homogeneous cation exchange layer and a polyaniline on its surface is prepared. The intercalation of polyaniline into the membrane with a homogeneous cation exchange layer is performed by oxidative polymerization of aniline. The influence of the homogeneous cation exchange layer and the polyaniline on the structure, conductivity, diffusion permeability, selectivity, and current-voltage curve of the heterogeneous cation exchange membrane is established. Membrane properties are studied in the HCl, NaCl, and CaCl2 solutions. The homogeneous cation exchange layer has a negligible effect on the transport properties of the initial heterogeneous membrane. The polyaniline synthesis leads to a decrease in the macropore volume in the membrane structure, conductivity, and diffusion permeability. The counterion transport number in the bilayer membrane is significantly reduced in a solution of calcium chloride and practically does not change in sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid. In addition, the asymmetry of the diffusion permeability and shape of current-voltage curve depending on the orientation of the membrane surface to the flux of electrolyte or counterion are found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Falina
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (N.L.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (N.K.)
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30
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Yan T, Chen X, Kumari L, Lin J, Li M, Fan Q, Chi H, Meyer TJ, Zhang S, Ma X. Multiscale CO 2 Electrocatalysis to C 2+ Products: Reaction Mechanisms, Catalyst Design, and Device Fabrication. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10530-10583. [PMID: 37589482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals, directly from CO2, could foster achievement of carbon neutral through an alternative electrical approach to the energy-intensive thermochemical industry for carbon utilization. Progress in this area, based on electrogeneration of multicarbon products through CO2 electroreduction, however, lags far behind that for C1 products. Reaction routes are complicated and kinetics are slow with scale up to the high levels required for commercialization, posing significant problems. In this review, we identify and summarize state-of-art progress in multicarbon synthesis with a multiscale perspective and discuss current hurdles to be resolved for multicarbon generation from CO2 reduction including atomistic mechanisms, nanoscale electrocatalysts, microscale electrodes, and macroscale electrolyzers with guidelines for future research. The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links discrepancies between different approaches with extensions to performance and stability issues that arise from extensions to an industrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lata Kumari
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianlong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Minglu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoyuan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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31
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Yu X, Qian X, Wei Q, Zhang Q, Cheng HM, Ren W. Superhigh and Robust Ion Selectivity in Membranes Assembled with Monolayer Clay Nanosheets. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300338. [PMID: 37186166 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
It is crucial to control the ion transport in membranes for various technological applications such as energy storage and conversion. The emerging functional two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets such as graphene oxide and MXenes show great potential for constructing ordered nanochannels, but the assembled membranes suffer from low ion selectivity and stability. Here a class of robust charge-selective membranes with superhigh cation/anion selectivity, which are assembled with monolayer nanosheets of cationic/anionic clays that inherently have permanent and uniform charges on each layer is reported. The transport number of cations/anions of cationic vermiculite nanosheet membranes (VNMs)/anionic Co-Al layered double hydroxide (CoAl-LDH) nanosheet membranes is over 0.90 in different NaCl concentration gradients, outperforming all the reported ion-selective membranes. Importantly, this excellent ion selectivity can persist at high-concentration salt solutions, under acidic and alkaline conditions, and for a wide range of ions of different sizes and charges. By coupling a pair of cation-selective vermiculite membrane and anion-selective CoAl-LDH membrane, a reverse electrodialysis device which shows an output power density of 0.7 W m-2 and energy conversion efficiency of 45.5% is constructed. This work provides a new strategy to rationally design high-performance ion-selective membranes by using 2D nanosheets with inherent surface charges for controllable ion-transport applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Xitang Qian
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qinwei Wei
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wencai Ren
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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32
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Kim S, Alayande AB, Eisa T, Jang J, Kang Y, Yang E, Hwang MH, Kim IS, Chae KJ. Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Cation Exchange Membrane Using Graphene Oxide/Polyethersulfone Composite Nanofibers. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:633. [PMID: 37504999 PMCID: PMC10383261 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes, especially cation exchange membranes (CEMs), are an important component in membrane-based energy generation and storage because of their ability to transport cations via the electrochemical potential gradient while preventing electron transport. However, developing a CEM with low areal resistance, high permselectivity, and stability remains difficult. In this study, electrospun graphene oxide/polyethersulfone (GO/PES) composite nanofibers were prepared with varying concentrations of GO. To fabricate a CEM, the pores of the electrospun GO/PES nanofiber substrates were filled with a Nafion ionomer. The pore-filled PES nanofiber loaded with 1% GO revealed a noticeable improvement in hydrophilicity, structural morphology, and mechanical properties. The 1% GO/PES pore-filled CEM was compared to a Nafion membrane of a varying thickness and without a nanofiber substrate. The CEM with a nanofiber substrate showed permselectivity of 85.75%, toughness of 111 J/m3, and areal resistance of 3.7 Ω cm2, which were 12.8%, 4.3 times, and 4.0 times better, respectively, than those of the Nafion membrane at the same thickness. The development of a reinforced concrete-like GO/PES nanofiber structure containing stretchable ionomer-enhanced membrane surfaces exhibited suitable areal resistance and reduced the thickness of the composite membrane without compromising the mechanical strength, suggesting its potential application as a cation exchange membrane in electrochemical membrane-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhun Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Abayomi Babatunde Alayande
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyoung 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Tasnim Eisa
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Jang
- KEPCO Research Institute (KEPRI), Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Naju 58277, Republic of Korea
| | - Yesol Kang
- Starch & Sweetener R&D Department, Daesang Corporation, Seoul 07789, Republic of Korea
| | - Euntae Yang
- Department of Marine Environmental Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyoung 53064, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Conversions Science, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - In S Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Jung Chae
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Major of Ocean Renewable Energy Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
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Sreenath S, Sreelatha NP, Pawar CM, Dave V, Bhatt B, Borle NG, Nagarale RK. Proton Conducting Organic-Inorganic Composite Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:574. [PMID: 37367778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The quest for a cost-effective, chemically-inert, robust and proton conducting membrane for flow batteries is at its paramount. Perfluorinated membranes suffer severe electrolyte diffusion, whereas conductivity and dimensional stability in engineered thermoplastics depend on the degree of functionalization. Herein, we report surface-modified thermally crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol-silica (PVA-SiO2) membranes for the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Hygroscopic, proton-storing metal oxides such as SiO2, ZrO2 and SnO2 were coated on the membranes via the acid-catalyzed sol-gel strategy. The membranes of PVA-SiO2-Si, PVA-SiO2-Zr and PVA-SiO2-Sn demonstrated excellent oxidative stability in 2 M H2SO4 containing 1.5 M VO2+ ions. The metal oxide layer had good influence on conductivity and zeta potential values. The observed trend for conductivity and zeta potential values was PVA-SiO2-Sn > PVA-SiO2-Si > PVA-SiO2-Zr. In VRFB, the membranes showcased higher Coulombic efficiency than Nafion-117 and stable energy efficiencies over 200 cycles at the 100 mA cm-2 current density. The order of average capacity decay per cycle was PVA-SiO2-Zr < PVA-SiO2-Sn < PVA-SiO2-Si < Nafion-117. PVA-SiO2-Sn had the highest power density of 260 mW cm-2, while the self-discharge for PVA-SiO2-Zr was ~3 times higher than Nafion-117. VRFB performance reflects the potential of the facile surface modification technique to design advanced membranes for energy device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooraj Sreenath
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nayanthara P Sreelatha
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Chetan M Pawar
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vidhiben Dave
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavana Bhatt
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Nitin G Borle
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Rajaram Krishna Nagarale
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Tekinalp Ö, Zimmermann P, Holdcroft S, Burheim OS, Deng L. Cation Exchange Membranes and Process Optimizations in Electrodialysis for Selective Metal Separation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:566. [PMID: 37367770 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of metal species from various sources is highly desirable in applications such as hydrometallurgy, water treatment, and energy production but also challenging. Monovalent cation exchange membranes (CEMs) show a great potential to selectively separate one metal ion over others of the same or different valences from various effluents in electrodialysis. Selectivity among metal cations is influenced by both the inherent properties of membranes and the design and operating conditions of the electrodialysis process. The research progress and recent advances in membrane development and the implication of the electrodialysis systems on counter-ion selectivity are extensively reviewed in this work, focusing on both structure-property relationships of CEM materials and influences of process conditions and mass transport characteristics of target ions. Key membrane properties, such as charge density, water uptake, and polymer morphology, and strategies for enhancing ion selectivity are discussed. The implications of the boundary layer at the membrane surface are elucidated, where differences in the mass transport of ions at interfaces can be exploited to manipulate the transport ratio of competing counter-ions. Based on the progress, possible future R&D directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Ho CD, Tu JW, Lim JW, Lai WC. Device Performance of a Tubular Membrane Dialyzer Incorporating Ultrafiltration Effects on the Dialysis Efficiency. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:556. [PMID: 37367760 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane dialysis is one of the membrane contactors applied to wastewater treatment. The dialysis rate of a traditional dialyzer module is restricted because the solutes transport through the membrane only by diffusion, in which the mass-transfer driving force across the membrane is the concentration gradient between the retentate and dialysate phases. A two-dimensional mathematical model of the concentric tubular dialysis-and-ultrafiltration module was developed theoretically in this study. The simulated results show that the dialysis rate improvement was significantly improved through implementing the ultrafiltration effect by introducing a trans-membrane pressure during the membrane dialysis process. The velocity profiles of the retentate and dialysate phases in the dialysis-and-ultrafiltration system were derived and expressed in terms of the stream function, which was solved numerically by the Crank-Nicolson method. A maximum dialysis rate improvement of up to twice that of the pure dialysis system (Vw=0) was obtained by employing a dialysis system with an ultrafiltration rate of Vw=2 mL/min and a constant membrane sieving coefficient of θ=1. The influences of the concentric tubular radius, ultrafiltration fluxes and membrane sieve factor on the outlet retentate concentration and mass transfer rate are also illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chii-Dong Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Wei Tu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Wei-Chi Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, Tamsui, New Taipei 251301, Taiwan
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36
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Li R, Wang H, Yan J, Fu R, Wang B, Jiang C, Wang Y, Xu T. A cascade electro-dehydration process for simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 240:120079. [PMID: 37224666 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Uranium extraction from seawater has become a crucial issue that has raised tremendous attention. The transport of water molecules along with salt ions through an ion-exchange membrane is a common phenomenon for typical electro-membrane processes such as selective electrodialysis (SED). In this study, a cascade electro-dehydration process was proposed for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of uranium from simulated seawater by taking advantage of water transport through ion-exchange membranes and the high permselectivity of membranes for monovalent ions against uranate ions. The results indicated that the electro-dehydration effect in SED allowed 1.8 times the concentration of uranium with a loose structure CJMC-5 cation-exchange membrane at a current density of 4 mA/cm2. Thereafter, a cascade electro-dehydration by a combination of SED with conventional electrodialysis (CED) enabled approximately 7.5 times uranium concentration with the extraction yield rate reaching over 80% and simultaneously desalting the majority of salts. Overall, a cascade electro-dehydration is a viable approach, creating a novel route for highly effective uranium extraction and enrichment from seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Huangying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Junying Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Pismenskaya N, Rybalkina O, Solonchenko K, Pasechnaya E, Sarapulova V, Wang Y, Jiang C, Xu T, Nikonenko V. How Chemical Nature of Fixed Groups of Anion-Exchange Membranes Affects the Performance of Electrodialysis of Phosphate-Containing Solutions? Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102288. [PMID: 37242863 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Innovative ion exchange membranes have become commercially available in recent years. However, information about their structural and transport characteristics is often extremely insufficient. To address this issue, homogeneous anion exchange membranes with the trade names ASE, CJMA-3 and CJMA-6 have been investigated in NaxH(3-x)PO4 solutions with pH 4.4 ± 0.1, 6.6 and 10.0 ± 0.2, as well as NaCl solutions with pH 5.5 ± 0.1. Using IR spectroscopy and processing the concentration dependences of the electrical conductivity of these membranes in NaCl solutions, it was shown that ASE has a highly cross-linked aromatic matrix and mainly contains quaternary ammonium groups. Other membranes have a less cross-linked aliphatic matrix based on polyvinylidene fluoride (CJMA-3) or polyolefin (CJMA-6) and contain quaternary amines (CJMA-3) or a mixture of strongly basic (quaternary) and weakly basic (secondary) amines (CJMA-6). As expected, in dilute solutions of NaCl, the conductivity of membranes increases with an increase in their ion-exchange capacity: CJMA-6 < CJMA-3 << ASE. Weakly basic amines appear to form bound species with proton-containing phosphoric acid anions. This phenomenon causes a decrease in the electrical conductivity of CJMA-6 membranes compared to other studied membranes in phosphate-containing solutions. In addition, the formation of the neutral and negatively charged bound species suppresses the generation of protons by the "acid dissociation" mechanism. Moreover, when the membrane is operated in overlimiting current modes and/or in alkaline solutions, a bipolar junction is formed at the CJMA- 6/depleted solution interface. The CJMA-6 current-voltage curve becomes similar to the well-known curves for bipolar membranes, and water splitting intensifies in underlimiting and overlimiting modes. As a result, energy consumption for electrodialysis recovery of phosphates from aqueous solutions almost doubles when using the CJMA-6 membrane compared to the CJMA-3 membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pismenskaya
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Olesya Rybalkina
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Ksenia Solonchenko
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Evgeniia Pasechnaya
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chenxiao Jiang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Functional Membrane Science and Technology, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Russian Federation, Kuban State University, 149, Stavropolskaya Str., 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
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38
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Kishioka A, Matsushita Y, Miyake M. Detection of Interfering Ions Using Ion Flux Phenomena in Flow-Through Cl-ISEs with Ion Exchange Membranes. Anal Chem 2023; 95:7584-7593. [PMID: 37140250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) are among the most successful electrochemical sensors used in various applications because of their ability to measure electrolyte concentrations in liquids easily. It is common practice to suppress ion fluxes through the ion-sensitive membranes in ISEs because such fluxes worsen the lower limit of detection. In this study, we propose a method to detect interfering ions using this ion flux phenomenon. As a proof of principle, a flow-type Cl-ISE based on an ion exchange membrane loaded with the target ion chloride was used to acquire transient potential profiles during standstill after the introduction of liquids containing various ion species. When the target ion of the ion-sensitive membrane was measured, there was almost no change in potential over time. In contrast, when hydrophilic interfering ions were measured, the potential gradually decreased, and when hydrophobic interfering ions were measured, the potential gradually increased. The direction and intensity of these changes over time depended on the ion species and concentrations. The main reason for these potential changes is presumed to be the change in the local ionic composition of the sample near the sensing membrane due to ion exchange between the sample and membrane. This phenomenon could not be observed in a hydrophobic ion exchanger membrane doped with a quaternary ammonium salt and was characteristically observable using hydrophilic ion exchange membranes with a high charge density and a high ion diffusion rate. Finally, using a high-throughput flow-type system, we demonstrated the detection of interfering ions in solutions containing multiple ion species by using the ion flux phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Kishioka
- Biosystems Research Department, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Yufuku Matsushita
- Biosystems Research Department, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo 185-8601, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyake
- Medical Systems Design 1st dept., Life & Medical systems Product Div., Analytical & Medical Solution Business Group, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 882, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-8504, Japan
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39
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Hussain I, Alasiri H, Ullah Khan W, Alhooshani K. Advanced electrocatalytic technologies for conversion of carbon dioxide into methanol by electrochemical reduction: Recent progress and future perspectives. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2023.215081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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40
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Roy H, Rahman TU, Tasnim N, Arju J, Rafid MM, Islam MR, Pervez MN, Cai Y, Naddeo V, Islam MS. Microbial Fuel Cell Construction Features and Application for Sustainable Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050490. [PMID: 37233551 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a system that can generate electricity by harnessing microorganisms' metabolic activity. MFCs can be used in wastewater treatment plants since they can convert the organic matter in wastewater into electricity while also removing pollutants. The microorganisms in the anode electrode oxidize the organic matter, breaking down pollutants and generating electrons that flow through an electrical circuit to the cathode compartment. This process also generates clean water as a byproduct, which can be reused or released back into the environment. MFCs offer a more energy-efficient alternative to traditional wastewater treatment plants, as they can generate electricity from the organic matter in wastewater, offsetting the energy needs of the treatment plants. The energy requirements of conventional wastewater treatment plants can add to the overall cost of the treatment process and contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. MFCs in wastewater treatment plants can increase sustainability in wastewater treatment processes by increasing energy efficiency and reducing operational cost and greenhouse gas emissions. However, the build-up to the commercial-scale still needs a lot of study, as MFC research is still in its early stages. This study thoroughly describes the principles underlying MFCs, including their fundamental structure and types, construction materials and membrane, working mechanism, and significant process elements influencing their effectiveness in the workplace. The application of this technology in sustainable wastewater treatment, as well as the challenges involved in its widespread adoption, are discussed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hridoy Roy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzim Ur Rahman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Jannatul Arju
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mustafa Rafid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- Department of Civil Engineering, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA 71270, USA
| | - Md Nahid Pervez
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Yingjie Cai
- Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Clean Production and High Value Utilization of Bio-Based Textile Materials, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Vincenzo Naddeo
- Sanitary Environmental Engineering Division (SEED), Department of Civil Engineering, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Md Shahinoor Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1341, Bangladesh
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41
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Zuo P, Ye C, Jiao Z, Luo J, Fang J, Schubert US, McKeown NB, Liu TL, Yang Z, Xu T. Near-frictionless ion transport within triazine framework membranes. Nature 2023; 617:299-305. [PMID: 37100908 PMCID: PMC10131500 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05888-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The enhancement of separation processes and electrochemical technologies such as water electrolysers1,2, fuel cells3,4, redox flow batteries5,6 and ion-capture electrodialysis7 depends on the development of low-resistance and high-selectivity ion-transport membranes. The transport of ions through these membranes depends on the overall energy barriers imposed by the collective interplay of pore architecture and pore-analyte interaction8,9. However, it remains challenging to design efficient, scaleable and low-cost selective ion-transport membranes that provide ion channels for low-energy-barrier transport. Here we pursue a strategy that allows the diffusion limit of ions in water to be approached for large-area, free-standing, synthetic membranes using covalently bonded polymer frameworks with rigidity-confined ion channels. The near-frictionless ion flow is synergistically fulfilled by robust micropore confinement and multi-interaction between ion and membrane, which afford, for instance, a Na+ diffusion coefficient of 1.18 × 10-9 m2 s-1, close to the value in pure water at infinite dilution, and an area-specific membrane resistance as low as 0.17 Ω cm2. We demonstrate highly efficient membranes in rapidly charging aqueous organic redox flow batteries that deliver both high energy efficiency and high-capacity utilization at extremely high current densities (up to 500 mA cm-2), and also that avoid crossover-induced capacity decay. This membrane design concept may be broadly applicable to membranes for a wide range of electrochemical devices and for precise molecular separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Chunchun Ye
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Zhongren Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Jian Luo
- Utah State University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Junkai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Neil B McKeown
- EastCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Leo Liu
- Utah State University, Chemistry and Biochemistry, Logan, UT, USA.
| | - Zhengjin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
| | - Tongwen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Precision and Intelligent Chemistry, Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, P. R. China.
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42
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Liu H, Dong T, Zhou M, Zhang Z, Li Y, Lu C, Liu Y, Zhao S, Zheng S, Meng Z, Tang H. Modification of sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) proton exchange membranes by poly(ethylene- co-vinyl alcohol). RSC Adv 2023; 13:11062-11068. [PMID: 37063245 PMCID: PMC10091364 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08294b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The modification of the physicochemical properties of sulfonated poly(arylene ether nitrile) (SPAEN) proton exchange membranes was demonstrated by poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) doping (named SPAEN-x%). By controlling the temperature during membrane preparation, the side reactions of the sulfonic acid groups to form sulfonic acid esters were effectively prevented, greatly reducing the proton conductivity of the membranes. Due to the flexible chain of EVOH, SPAEN-8% showed a relatively high elongation of 30.2%, which enhanced the aromatic polymers' flexibility. The SPAEN-2% membrane exhibited proton conductivity of 166, 55, and 9.6 mS cm-1 at 95%, 70%, and 50% relative humidity, respectively, higher than those of the other SPAEN-x% membranes and even comparable to that of Nafion 212. The water uptake, morphological study, and through-plane proton conductivity of the membranes were studied and discussed. The results suggest that EVOH doping can be used as an effective strategy to improve SPAEN-based proton exchange membranes' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Tiandu Dong
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Mingzheng Zhou
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Zetian Zhang
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Yunxi Li
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Chuanrui Lu
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Yichen Liu
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
| | - Shengqiu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Shuhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Zihan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
| | - Haolin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 China
- State Power Investment Corporation Hydrogen Energy Company, Ltd. Co. Beijing China
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Patel SK, Pan W, Shin YU, Kamcev J, Elimelech M. Electrosorption Integrated with Bipolar Membrane Water Dissociation: A Coupled Approach to Chemical-free Boron Removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:4578-4590. [PMID: 36893399 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Boron removal from aqueous solutions has long persisted as a technological challenge, accounting for a disproportionately large fraction of the chemical and energy usage in seawater desalination and other industrial processes like lithium recovery. Here, we introduce a novel electrosorption-based boron removal technology with the capability to overcome the limitations of current state-of-the-art methods. Specifically, we incorporate a bipolar membrane (BPM) between a pair of porous carbon electrodes, demonstrating a synergized BPM-electrosorption process for the first time. The ion transport and charge transfer mechanisms of the BPM-electrosorption system are thoroughly investigated, confirming that water dissociation in the BPM is highly coupled with electrosorption of anions at the anode. We then demonstrate effective boron removal by the BPM-electrosorption system and verify that the mechanism for boron removal is electrosorption, as opposed to adsorption on the carbon electrodes or in the BPM. The effect of applied voltage on the boron removal performance is then evaluated, revealing that applied potentials above ∼1.0 V result in a decline in process efficiency due to the increased prevalence of detrimental Faradaic reactions at the anode. The BPM-electrosorption system is then directly compared with flow-through electrosorption, highlighting key advantages of the process with regard to boron sorption capacity and energy consumption. Overall, the BPM-electrosorption shows promising boron removal capability, with a sorption capacity >4.5 μmol g-C-1 and a corresponding specific energy consumption of <2.5 kWh g-B-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohum K Patel
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Weiyi Pan
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Yong-Uk Shin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8286, United States
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Ahmad M, Ahmed M. Characterization and applications of ion-exchange membranes and selective ion transport through them: a review. J APPL ELECTROCHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10800-023-01882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2023]
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Pahnavar Z, Ghaemy M, Naji L, Hasantabar V. Self-extinguished and flexible cation exchange membranes based on modified K-Carrageenan/PVA double network hydrogels for electrochemical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123253. [PMID: 36642355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
It is highly desired and yet challenging to develop eco-friendly cation exchange membranes with a combination of good mechanical, electrochemical, and biocompatible properties with a rational economic efficiency for given applications. In this study, new biocompatible double network (DN) hydrogels were prepared based on a blend of modified K-Carrageenan (KC) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Acrylic acid (AA)-grafted KC (KC-g-(PAA)) and (AA-co-tertbutyl acrylate (TBA))-grafted KC (KC-g-P(AA-co-TBA)) were synthesized through an in situ free radical copolymerization. The grafted copolymers were blended with PVA and mixed with ZrOCl2/KCl and glutaraldehyde (Glu) as the physical and chemical cross-linkers, respectively to produce KC-g-P(AA)/PVA and KC-g-P(AA-co-TBA)/PVA DN hydrogels. The membranes were prepared by a solution casting method. Various techniques were carried out to compare the structural, thermal, mechanical, flammability, and electrochemical properties of the membranes with those of the cross-linked KC, PVA, and KC/PVA membranes. The KC-g-P(AA-co-TBA)/PVA DN membrane showed more desirable properties as the cation exchange membrane with water uptake of 70.7 %, ion exchange capacity of 0.47 meq H+ /g, the ionic conductivity of 1.99 × 10-2 S/cm2, and elongation at break of 71.8 %. The prepared biopolymer membrane is very cost-effective and self-extinguished with admissible conductivity for electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Pahnavar
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 4741695447, Iran
| | - Mousa Ghaemy
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 4741695447, Iran.
| | - Leila Naji
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology (Polytechnic), Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Vahid Hasantabar
- Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, 4741695447, Iran
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Chen T, Lv B, Sun S, Hao J, Shao Z. Novel Nafion/Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanosheets Composite Membrane for Steam Electrolysis at 110 °C. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:308. [PMID: 36984695 PMCID: PMC10059807 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen is expected to have an important role in future energy systems; however, further research is required to ensure the commercial viability of hydrogen generation. Proton exchange membrane steam electrolysis above 100 °C has attracted significant research interest owing to its high electrolytic efficiency and the potential to reduce the use of electrical energy through waste heat utilization. This study developed a novel composite membrane fabricated from graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and Nafion and applied it to steam electrolysis with excellent results. g-C3N4 is uniformly dispersed among the non-homogeneous functionalized particles of the polymer, and it improves the thermostability of the membranes. The amino and imino active sites on the nanosheet surface enhance the proton conductivity. In ultrapure water at 90 °C, the proton conductivity of the Nafion/0.4 wt.% g-C3N4 membrane is 287.71 mS cm-1. Above 100 °C, the modified membranes still exhibit high conductivity, and no sudden decreases in conductivity were observed. The Nafion/g-C3N4 membranes exhibit excellent performance when utilized as a steam electrolyzer. Compared with that of previous studies, this approach achieves better electrolytic behavior with a relatively low catalyst loading. Steam electrolysis using a Nafion/0.4 wt.% g-C3N4 membranes achieves a current density of 2260 mA cm-2 at 2 V, which is approximately 69% higher than the current density achieved using pure Nafion membranes under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taipu Chen
- Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Shucheng Sun
- Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jinkai Hao
- Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhigang Shao
- Fuel Cell System and Engineering Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Fuel Cells & Hybrid Power Sources, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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47
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Local enhancement of concentration gradient through the hydrogel-functionalized anodic aluminum oxide membranes for osmotic power generation. Macromol Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-023-00134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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48
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Multifunctional Heterogeneous Ion-Exchange Membranes for Ion and Microbe Removal in Low-Salinity Water. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040843. [PMID: 36850126 PMCID: PMC9962874 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, multifunctional heterogeneous ion-exchange metal nanocomposite membranes were prepared for surface water desalination and bacterial inactivation under low-pressure (0.05 MPa) filtration conditions. Ultrafiltration (UF) heterogeneous ion exchange membranes (IEMs) were modified with different concentrations of AgNO3 and CuSO4 solutions using the intermatrix synthesis (IMS) technique to produce metal nanocomposite membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed that the metal nanoparticles (MNPs) (Ag and Cu) were uniformly distributed on the surface and the interior of the nanocomposite membranes. With increasing metal precursor solution concentration (0.01 to 0.05 mol·L-1), the metal content of Ag and Cu nanocomposite membranes increased from 0.020 to 0.084 mg·cm-2 and from 0.031 to 0.218 m·cm-2 respectively. Results showed that the hydrodynamic diameter diameters of Ag and Cu nanoparticles (NPs) increased from 62.42 to 121.10 nm and from 54.2 to 125.7 nm respectively, as the metal precursor concentration loaded increased. The leaching of metals from metal nanocomposite membranes was measured in a dead-end filtration system, and the highest leaching concentration levels were 8.72 ppb and 5.32 ppb for Ag and Cu, respectively. The salt rejection studies indicated that ionic selectivity was improved with increasing metal content. Bacterial filtration showed higher antibacterial activity for metal nanocomposite membranes, reaching 3.6 log bacterial inactivation.
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Lee S, Eun Choi Y, Yeol Lee J, Yang T, Young Jho J, Hyuk Park J. Improved Ionic and Mechanical Properties of Ion-Exchange Membrane with an Ionic Silica Network for High-Performance Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites. J IND ENG CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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50
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Molecular dynamics simulation of the fractionation of lithium and magnesium-ions on crown ether-grafted cellulose acetate polyelectrolyte membranes. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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