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Zhang H, Zhao X. Enhanced Anti-Wetting Methods of Hydrophobic Membrane for Membrane Distillation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300598. [PMID: 37219004 PMCID: PMC10427381 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Increasing issues of hydrophobic membrane wetting occur in the membrane distillation (MD) process, stimulating the research on enhanced anti-wetting methods for membrane materials. In recent years, surface structural construction (i.e., constructing reentrant-like structures), surface chemical modification (i.e., coating organofluorides), and their combination have significantly improved the anti-wetting properties of the hydrophobic membranes. Besides, these methods change the MD performance (i.e., increased/decreased vapor flux and increased salt rejection). This review first introduces the characterization parameters of wettability and the fundamental principles of membrane surface wetting. Then it summarizes the enhanced anti-wetting methods, the related principles, and most importantly, the anti-wetting properties of the resultant membranes. Next, the MD performance of hydrophobic membranes prepared by different enhanced anti-wetting methods is discussed in desalinating different feeds. Finally, facile and reproducible strategies are aspired for the robust MD membrane in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglong Zhang
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Lab of Environmental Science & TechnologyINETTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084P. R. China
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2
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Mostafavi AH, Mishra AK, Gallucci F, Kim JH, Ulbricht M, Coclite AM, Hosseini SS. Advances in surface modification and functionalization for tailoring the characteristics of thin films and membranes via chemical vapor deposition techniques. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Kumar Mishra
- College of Medicine and Chemical Engineering Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang China
- Division of Nanomaterials Academy of Nanotechnology and Waste Water Innovations Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Chemistry Durban University of Technology Durban South Africa
| | - Fausto Gallucci
- Inorganic Membranes and Membrane Reactors, Sustainable Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven MB The Netherlands
| | - Jong Hak Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Mathias Ulbricht
- Lehrstuhl für Technische Chemie II Universität Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz Graz University of Technology Graz Austria
| | - Seyed Saeid Hosseini
- Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology University of South Africa Johannesburg South Africa
- Department of Chemical Engineering Vrije Universiteit Brussel Brussels Belgium
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3
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Recent Progress in the Membrane Distillation and Impact of Track-Etched Membranes. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13152520. [PMID: 34372131 PMCID: PMC8347132 DOI: 10.3390/polym13152520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is a rapidly developing field of research and finds applications in desalination of water, purification from nonvolatile substances, and concentration of various solutions. This review presents data from recent studies on the MD process, MD configuration, the type of membranes and membrane hydrophobization. Particular importance has been placed on the methods of hydrophobization and the use of track-etched membranes (TeMs) in the MD process. Hydrophobic TeMs based on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and polycarbonate (PC) have been applied in the purification of water from salts and pesticides, as well as in the concentration of low-level liquid radioactive waste (LLLRW). Such membranes are characterized by a narrow pore size distribution, precise values of the number of pores per unit area and narrow thickness. These properties of membranes allow them to be used for more accurate water purification and as model membranes used to test theoretical models (for instance LEP prediction).
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Cheng Y, Khlyustova A, Chen P, Yang R. Kinetics of All-Dry Free Radical Polymerization under Nanoconfinement. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Cheng
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexandra Khlyustova
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Pengyu Chen
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Rong Yang
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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6
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Khlyustova A, Cheng Y, Yang R. Vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films in biological applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:6588-6609. [PMID: 32756662 PMCID: PMC7429282 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb00681e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Functional polymer coatings have become ubiquitous in biological applications, ranging from biomaterials and drug delivery to manufacturing-scale separation of biomolecules using functional membranes. Recent advances in the technology of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have enabled precise control of the polymer chemistry, coating thickness, and conformality. That comprehensive control of surface properties has been used to elicit desirable interactions at the interface between synthetic materials and living organisms, making vapor-deposited functional polymers uniquely suitable for biological applications. This review captures the recent technological development in vapor-deposited functional polymer coatings, highlighting their biological applications, including membrane-based bio-separations, biosensing and bio-MEMS, drug delivery, and tissue engineering. The conformal nature of vapor-deposited coatings ensures uniform coverage over micro- and nano-structured surfaces, allowing the independent optimization of surface and bulk properties. The substrate-independence of CVD techniques enables facile transfer of surface characteristics among different applications. The vapor-deposited functional polymer thin films tend to be biocompatible because they are free of remnant toxic solvents and precursor molecules, potentially lowering the barrier to clinical success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Khlyustova
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, USA.
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7
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Long-Running Comparison of Feed-Water Scaling in Membrane Distillation. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10080173. [PMID: 32751820 PMCID: PMC7463528 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) has shown promise for concentrating a wide variety of brines, but the knowledge is limited on how different brines impact salt scaling, flux decline, and subsequent wetting. Furthermore, past studies have lacked critical details and analysis to enable a physical understanding, including the length of experiments, the inclusion of salt kinetics, impact of antiscalants, and variability between feed-water types. To address this gap, we examined the system performance, water recovery, scale formation, and saturation index of a lab-scale vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) in long-running test runs approaching 200 h. The tests provided a comparison of a variety of relevant feed solutions, including a synthetic seawater reverse osmosis brine with a salinity of 8.0 g/L, tap water, and NaCl, and included an antiscalant. Saturation modeling indicated that calcite and aragonite were the main foulants contributing to permeate flux reduction. The longer operation times than typical studies revealed several insights. First, scaling could reduce permeate flux dramatically, seen here as 49% for the synthetic brine, when reaching a high recovery ratio of 91%. Second, salt crystallization on the membrane surface could have a long-delayed but subsequently significant impact, as the permeate flux experienced a precipitous decline only after 72 h of continuous operation. Several scaling-resistant impacts were observed as well. Although use of an antiscalant did not reduce the decrease in flux, it extended membrane operational time before surface foulants caused membrane wetting. Additionally, numerous calcium, magnesium, and carbonate salts, as well as silica, reached very high saturation indices (>1). Despite this, scaling without wetting was often observed, and scaling was consistently reversible and easily washed. Under heavy scaling conditions, many areas lacked deposits, which enabled continued operation; existing MD performance models lack this effect by assuming uniform layers. This work implies that longer times are needed for MD fouling experiments, and provides further scaling-resistant evidence for MD.
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Subramaniam M, Goh P, Sevgili E, Karaman M, Lau W, Ismail A. Hydroxypropyl methacrylate thin film coating on polyvinylidene fluoride hollow fiber membranes via initiated chemical vapor deposition. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ray SS, Lee HK, Kwon YN. Review on Blueprint of Designing Anti-Wetting Polymeric Membrane Surfaces for Enhanced Membrane Distillation Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 12:E23. [PMID: 31877628 PMCID: PMC7023606 DOI: 10.3390/polym12010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a versatile technology for treating saline water and industrial wastewater. However, the long-term use of MD wets the polymeric membrane and prevents the membrane from working as a semi-permeable barrier. Currently, the concept of antiwetting interfaces has been utilized for reducing the wetting issue of MD. This review paper discusses the fundamentals and roles of surface energy and hierarchical structures on both the hydrophobic characteristics and wetting tolerance of MD membranes. Designing stable antiwetting interfaces with their basic working principle is illustrated with high scientific discussions. The capability of antiwetting surfaces in terms of their self-cleaning properties has also been demonstrated. This comprehensive review paper can be utilized as the fundamental basis for developing antiwetting surfaces to minimize fouling, as well as the wetting issue in the MD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Sinha Ray
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Hyung-Kae Lee
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kwon
- School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Korea
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Yazgan-Birgi P, Arafat HA, Hassan Ali MI. Implementation of two multiphase flow methods in modeling wetting of microporous hydrophobic membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:1251-1261. [PMID: 31466205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pore wetting phenomenon plays a critical role in a porous media and is critical in various processes. For instance, liquid entry pressure (LEP) is one of the critical characteristics of hydrophobic membranes used in membrane distillation (MD) processes. In this study, pore-scale models were developed to assess the accuracy of two multiphase flow computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods, as modeling tools for predicting two-phase flow in microporous MD membranes. Finite element method (FEM)-based phase field (PF) method (which was applied in the COMSOL package) and finite volume method (FVM)-based volume of fluid (VOF) method (which was applied in Star-CCM+) were the selected CFD tools for the implementation. The boundary conditions of the models were first set based on the experimental procedure for measuring the LEP, as given in the literature. Then, the models were used to capture the LEP under the gradually increased water pressure. Critical tuning of CFD parameters of each tool (such as mesh size, mesh type, and interface thickness) was conducted to investigate their influence on the LEP prediction accuracy and the water/air interface representation at the pore entrance. CFD model results were presented and compared with both experimental LEP data and the calculated value using the Young-Laplace equation (YLE). Both CFD tools were capable of capturing the water/air interface. LEP result from the VOF model showed good agreement with the experimental data, but the PF model overestimated the LEP value closer to the theoretical YLE value. For both approaches, the adjustment of the interface thickness was critical. In the VOF method, a realistic interface thickness could be achieved by adjusting both mesh size and time step simultaneously. In contrast, PF simulations were less mesh sensitive. The accuracy of the VOF model was better due to its mass conservation condition at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelin Yazgan-Birgi
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hassan A Arafat
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed I Hassan Ali
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Masdar Institute, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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11
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12
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Mohammadi Ghaleni M, Bavarian M, Nejati S. Model-guided design of high-performance membrane distillation modules for water desalination. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Cheng C, Gupta M. Roll-to-Roll Surface Modification of Cellulose Paper via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine Cheng
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Malancha Gupta
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Perrotta A, Christian P, Jones AOF, Muralter F, Coclite AM. Growth Regimes of Poly(perfluorodecyl acrylate) Thin Films by Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition. Macromolecules 2018; 51:5694-5703. [PMID: 30135610 PMCID: PMC6096450 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Control over thin film growth (e.g.,
crystallographic orientation
and morphology) is of high technological interest as it affects several
physicochemical material properties, such as chemical affinity, mechanical
stability, and surface morphology. The effect of process parameters
on the molecular organization of perfluorinated polymers deposited
via initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) has been previously
reported. We showed that the tendency of poly(1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl
acrylate) (pPFDA) to organize in an ordered lamellar structure is
a function of the filament and substrate temperatures adopted during
the iCVD process. In this contribution, a more thorough investigation
of the effect of such parameters is presented, using synchrotron radiation
grazing incidence and specular X-ray diffraction (GIXD and XRD) and
atomic force microscopy (AFM). The parameters influencing the amorphization,
mosaicity, and preferential orientation are addressed. Different growth
regimes were witnessed, characterized by a different surface structuring
and by the presence of particular crystallographic textures. The combination
of morphological and crystallographic analyses allowed the identification
of pPFDA growth possibilities between island or columnar growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Perrotta
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Paul Christian
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Andrew O F Jones
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Fabian Muralter
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Maria Coclite
- Institute of Solid State Physics, NAWI Graz, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16, 8010 Graz, Austria
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15
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Warsinger DM, Tow EW, Maswadeh LA, Connors GB, Swaminathan J, Lienhard V JH. Inorganic fouling mitigation by salinity cycling in batch reverse osmosis. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 137:384-394. [PMID: 29573825 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced fouling resistance has been observed in recent variants of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination which use time-varying batch or semi-batch processes, such as closed-circuit RO (CCRO) and pulse flow RO (PFRO). However, the mechanisms of batch processes' fouling resistance are not well-understood, and models have not been developed for prediction of their fouling performance. Here, a framework for predicting reverse osmosis fouling is developed by comparing the fluid residence time in batch and continuous (conventional) reverse osmosis systems to the nucleation induction times for crystallization of sparingly soluble salts. This study considers the inorganic foulants calcium sulfate (gypsum), calcium carbonate (calcite), and silica, and the work predicts maximum recovery ratios for the treatment of typical water sources using batch reverse osmosis (BRO) and continuous reverse osmosis. The prediction method is validated through comparisons to the measured time delay for CaSO4 membrane scaling in a bench-scale, recirculating reverse osmosis unit. The maximum recovery ratio for each salt solution (CaCO3, CaSO4) is individually predicted as a function of inlet salinity, as shown in contour plots. Next, the maximum recovery ratios of batch and conventional RO are compared across several water sources, including seawater, brackish groundwater, and RO brine. Batch RO's shorter residence times, associated with cycling from low to high salinity during each batch, enable significantly higher recovery ratios and higher salinity than in continuous RO for all cases examined. Finally, representative brackish RO brine samples were analyzed to determine the maximum possible recovery with batch RO. Overall, the induction time modeling methodology provided here can be used to allow batch RO to operate at high salinity and high recovery, while controlling scaling. The results show that, in addition to its known energy efficiency improvement, batch RO has superior inorganic fouling resistance relative to conventional RO.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Warsinger
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Emily W Tow
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Laith A Maswadeh
- Department of Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 98305, USA
| | - Grace B Connors
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - Jaichander Swaminathan
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA
| | - John H Lienhard V
- Rohsenow Kendall Heat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139-4307, USA.
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Warsinger DM, Swaminathan J, Morales LL, Lienhard V JH. Comprehensive condensation flow regimes in air gap membrane distillation: Visualization and energy efficiency. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Yazgan-Birgi P, Hassan Ali MI, Arafat HA. Estimation of liquid entry pressure in hydrophobic membranes using CFD tools. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Understanding the impact of membrane properties and transport phenomena on the energetic performance of membrane distillation desalination. J Memb Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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