1
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Du Y, Pramanik BK, Zhang Y, Jegatheesan V. Resource recovery from RO concentrate using nanofiltration: Impact of active layer thickness on performance. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 231:116265. [PMID: 37263466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Modelling the removal of monovalent and divalent ions from seawater via nanofiltration is crucial for pre-treatment in seawater reverse osmosis systems. Effective separation of divalent ions through nanofiltration and allowing the permeate containing only monovalent ions to pass through the reverse osmosis system produces pure NaCl salt from the concentrate. However, the Donnan steric pore model and dielectric exclusion assume a uniformly distributed cylinder pore morphology, which is not representative of the actual membrane structure. This study analyzed the impact of membrane thickness on neutral solute removal and investigated the effect of two different methods for calculating the Peclet number on rejection rates of monovalent and divalent salts. Results show that membrane thickness has a significant effect on rejection rates, particularly for uncharged solutes in the range of 0.5-0.7 solute radius to membrane pore size ratio. Operating pressures above 10 bar favour the use of effective active layer thickness over the membrane pore size to calculate the Peclet number. At low pressures, using the effective active layer can lead to overestimation of monovalent salt rejection and underestimation of divalent salt rejection. This study highlights the importance of appropriate Peclet number calculation methods based on applied pressure when modelling membrane separation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Du
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Biplob Kumar Pramanik
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China; Engineering Research Centre for Chemical Pollution Control and Resource Recovery, Shandong Provincial Education Department, Qingdao, 266042, China.
| | - Veeriah Jegatheesan
- School of Engineering and Water: Effective Technologies and Tools (WETT) Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
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2
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Shahgodari S, Labanda J, Llorens J. Experimental and Modeling Study of the Nanofiltration of Alcohol-Based Molecules and Amino Acids by Commercial Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:631. [PMID: 37504997 PMCID: PMC10384295 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13070631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The nanofiltration performance of three commercial membranes was analyzed by the Steric Pore Model (SPM) and the extended Nernst-Planck diffusion equation inside membrane pores. The model was completed with the equation to predict the concentration polarization, and the mass transfer coefficient was determined by considering the presence of a feed spacer. The model parameters that characterized the performance of the membrane were the hydrodynamic coefficient, which accounts for the possible variations in solute size and membrane pore radius, the effective membrane thickness, and the water permeability coefficient. All experiments were conducted at fixed feed pH of 6. The rejections of uncharged solutes (glucose for membranes with a high molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) and glycerol and ethylene glycol for membranes with a low MWCO) allowed the model parameters to be determined. We found that glycerol and ethylene glycol overestimate the membrane pore radius due to their ability to interact with the membrane matrix. Therefore, the rejection of glycine as a small amino acid was explored to characterize the membranes with low MWCO since these molecules do not interact with the membrane matrix and have an almost zero charge at pH values between 4.5 and 6.5. Based on the experimental rejections, it was stated that glucose and glycine could be separated by these membranes operating in continuous diafiltration mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Shahgodari
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Labanda
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Llorens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Chemistry, University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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3
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Labanda J, Shahgodari S, Llorens J. Influence of pH and NaCl on the rejection of glycine and triglycine in binary solutions for desalination with diananofiltration. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16797. [PMID: 37313174 PMCID: PMC10258429 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanofiltration can be used as the last step in the purification of the biomolecules that are present in many industrial by-products, such as biological protein hydrolysates. The present study explored the variation in glycine and triglycine rejections in binary solutions with NaCl at different feed pHs with two nanofiltration membranes: MPF-36 and Desal 5DK with molecular weight cut-offs of 1000 and 200 g mol-1, respectively. First, water permeability coefficient showed a n-shaped curve with feed pH, which was more evident for the MPF-36 membrane. Second, membrane performance with single solutions was studied and the experimental data were fitted with the Donnan steric pore model with dielectric exclusion (DSPM-DE) to explain the variations of solute rejection with feed pHs. Glucose rejection was assessed to estimate the membrane pore radius of the MPF-36 membrane, and a pH dependence was observed. For a tight membrane (Desal 5DK), glucose rejection was close to unity and the membrane pore radius was estimated from the glycine rejection in the feed pH range from 3.7 to 8.4. Glycine and triglycine rejections showed a pH-dependence with a u-shaped curve, even for the zwitterion species. In binary solutions, glycine and triglycine rejections decreased with NaCl concentration, especially in the MPF-36 membrane. Triglycine rejection was always higher than NaCl rejection and it was estimated that triglycine can be desalted using a continuous diananofiltration the Desal 5DK membrane.
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4
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Rizki Z, Ottens M. Model-based optimization approaches for pressure-driven membrane systems. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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5
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Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration opportunities to concentrate multicomponent mixtures of volatile fatty acids. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Kuhn R, Vornholt C, Preuß V, Bryant IM, Martienssen M. Aminophosphonates in Nanofiltration and Reverse Osmosis Permeates. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11060446. [PMID: 34203777 PMCID: PMC8232610 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aminophosphonates such as aminotris(methylenephosphonic acid) (ATMP) are common constituents of antiscalants. In nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes, ATMP prevents inorganic scaling leading to more stable membrane performance. So far, little attention has been paid to the possible permeation of aminophosphonates through NF and RO membranes. We have investigated the permeability of these membrane types for ATMP and its potential metabolites iminodi(methylenephosphonic acid) (IDMP) and amino(methylenephosphonic acid) (AMPA) with two different NF membranes (TS40 and TS80) and one RO membrane (ACM2) and three different water compositions (ultra-pure water, synthetic tap water and local tap water). We found traces of phosphonates in all investigated permeates. The highest phosphonate rejection occurred with local tap water for all three membranes investigated. Filtration experiments with a technical antiscalant formulation containing ATMP indicated similar trends of phosphonate permeability through all three membranes. We assume that the separation mechanisms of the membranes are the results of a very complex relationship between physico-chemical properties such as Donnan exclusion, feed pH, feed ionic strength and feed concentration, as well as solute-solute interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Kuhn
- Chair of Biotechnology of Water Treatment, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Carsten Vornholt
- Chair of Water Treatment and Urban Hydraulic Engineering, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany; (C.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Volker Preuß
- Chair of Water Treatment and Urban Hydraulic Engineering, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany; (C.V.); (V.P.)
| | - Isaac Mbir Bryant
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast 4P4872, Ghana;
| | - Marion Martienssen
- Chair of Biotechnology of Water Treatment, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany;
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Lai DQ, Tagashira N, Hagiwara S, Nakajima M, Kimura T, Nabetani H. Influences of Technological Parameters on Cross-Flow Nanofiltration of Cranberry Juice. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11050329. [PMID: 33947156 PMCID: PMC8146312 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper focused on the influence of operative conditions on the separation of benzoic acid from 10 °Brix cranberry juice by cross-flow nanofiltration with a plate and frame pilot scale (DDS Lab Module Type 20 system). Six kinds of commercial nanofiltration membrane were investigated. The results showed that the rejection of benzoic acid was significantly lower than that of other components in cranberry juice, including sugars and other organic acids. In a range of 2-7.5 L/min, feed flow rate slightly affected the performance of nanofiltration. Higher temperatures resulted in higher permeate flux and lower rejection of benzoic acid, whereas rejection of sugar and organic acid was stable at a high value. In a range of 2.5-5.5, pH also significantly affected the separation of benzoic acid and negative rejection against benzoic acid was observed at pH 4.5 with some of the membranes. This implies that pH 4.5 is considered as an optimum pH for benzoic acid separation from cranberry juice. The lower permeate flux caused a lower rejection of benzoic acid and negative rejection of benzoic acid was observed at the low permeate flux. Pretreatment by ultrafiltration with CR61PP membranes could improve the permeate flux but insignificantly influenced the efficiency of separation. The results also indicated that NF99 and DK membranes can be effectively used to separate benzoic acid from cranberry juice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dat Quoc Lai
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 72506, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City 71308, Vietnam
- Correspondence:
| | - Nobuhiro Tagashira
- AOHATA Corporation, 1-1-25 Tadanouminakamachi Takehara-shi, Hiroshima 729-2392, Japan;
| | - Shoji Hagiwara
- Food Research Institute, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan;
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan;
| | - Toshinori Kimura
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 050-8589, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Nabetani
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization Faculty of Home Economics, Food Research Institute, Tokyo Kasei University, 1-18-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8602, Japan;
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Li X, Tan S, Luo J, Pinelo M. Nanofiltration for separation and purification of saccharides from biomass. Front Chem Sci Eng 2021; 15:837-853. [PMID: 33717607 PMCID: PMC7937517 DOI: 10.1007/s11705-020-2020-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Saccharide production is critical to the development of biotechnology in the field of food and biofuel. The extraction of saccharide from biomass-based hydrolysate mixtures has become a trend due to low cost and abundant biomass reserves. Compared to conventional methods of fractionation and recovery of saccharides, nanofiltration (NF) has received considerable attention in recent decades because of its high selectivity and low energy consumption and environmental impact. In this review the advantages and challenges of NF based technology in the separation of saccharides are critically evaluated. Hybrid membrane processes, i.e., combining NF with ultrafiltration, can complement each other to provide an efficient approach for removal of unwanted solutes to obtain higher purity saccharides. However, use of NF membrane separation technology is limited due to irreversible membrane fouling that results in high capital and operating costs. Future development of NF membrane technology should therefore focus on improving material stability, antifouling ability and saccharide targeting selectivity, as well as on engineering aspects such as process optimisation and membrane module design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhui Li
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sheng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Jianquan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Manuel Pinelo
- Process and Systems Engineering Center (PROSYS), Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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9
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Recovery of saccharides from lignocellulosic hydrolysates using nanofiltration membranes: A review. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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10
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Qi T, Da X, Zhang Y, Chen X, Cui Z, Qiu M, Fan Y. Modeling and optimal operation of intermittent feed diafiltration for refining oligodextran using nanoporous ceramic membranes. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Kruschitz A, Nidetzky B. Downstream processing technologies in the biocatalytic production of oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107568. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Rizki Z, Janssen AEM, van der Padt A, Boom RM. Separation of Fructose and Glucose via Nanofiltration in Presence of Fructooligosaccharides. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10100298. [PMID: 33096910 PMCID: PMC7588886 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10100298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fructose and glucose are commonly present together in mixtures and may need to be separated. Current separation methods for these isomers are complex and costly. Nanofiltration is a cost-effective method that has been widely used for separating carbohydrates of different sizes; however, it is not commonly used for such similar molecules. Here, we report the separation of fructose and glucose in a nanofiltration system in the presence of fructooligosaccharides (FOS). Experiments were performed using a pilot-scale filtration setup using a spiral wound nanofiltration membrane with molecular weight cutoff of 1 kDa. We observed three important factors that affected the separation: (1) separation of monosaccharides only occurred in the presence of FOS and became more effective when FOS dominated the solution; (2) better separation was achieved when the monosaccharides were mainly fructose; and (3) the presence of salt improved the separation only moderately. The rejection ratio (Rf/Rg) in a fructose/glucose mixture is 0.92. We reported a rejection ratio of 0.69, which was observed in a mixture of 50 g/L FOS with a fructose to glucose ratio of 4.43. The separation is hypothesized to occur due to selective transport in the FOS layer, resulting in a preferential binding towards fructose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulhaj Rizki
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.E.M.J.); (A.v.d.P.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Anja E. M. Janssen
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.E.M.J.); (A.v.d.P.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Albert van der Padt
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.E.M.J.); (A.v.d.P.); (R.M.B.)
- FrieslandCampina, Stationsplein 4, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - Remko M. Boom
- Food Process Engineering Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; (A.E.M.J.); (A.v.d.P.); (R.M.B.)
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13
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Rizki Z, Suryawirawan E, Janssen AE, van der Padt A, Boom RM. Modelling temperature effects in a membrane cascade system for oligosaccharides. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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Sjölin M, Thuvander J, Wallberg O, Lipnizki F. Purification of Sucrose in Sugar Beet Molasses by Utilizing Ceramic Nanofiltration and Ultrafiltration Membranes. MEMBRANES 2019; 10:E5. [PMID: 31892103 PMCID: PMC7022711 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Molasses is a sugar mill by-product with low value that today is used primarily for animal feed. However, molasses contains large amounts of sucrose which, if purified, could be used for other purposes. In this study, purification by membrane filtration using ceramic tubular ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) was examined. NF purifies sucrose by removing small compounds, whereas UF removes larger compounds. Based on our results, high filtration fluxes could be obtained, and it was possible to clean the membranes sufficiently from fouling compounds. Sucrose was separated from other compounds, but the separation efficiency was generally higher with diluted molasses compared with concentrated molasses. This could be explained by more severe fouling when filtering dilute molasses or potentially due to aggregate formations in the molasses as our analysis showed. Overall, this study shows the potential of ceramic UF and NF membranes for sucrose purification from molasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Sjölin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (M.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Johan Thuvander
- Department of Food Technology, Engineering and Nutrition, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden;
| | - Ola Wallberg
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (M.S.); (O.W.)
| | - Frank Lipnizki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden; (M.S.); (O.W.)
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15
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Effect of the lactose hydrolysis on galacto-oligosaccharides mixtures subjected to nanofiltration: A detailed fractionation analysis. Sep Purif Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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16
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Fine ultrafiltration of concentrated oligosaccharide solutions – Hydration and pore size distribution effects. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Varela-Corredor F, Bandini S. Advances in water breakthrough measurement at high temperature in macroporous hydrophobic ceramic/polymeric membranes. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Yao L, Qin Z, Chen Q, Zhao M, Zhao H, Ahmad W, Fan L, Zhao L. Insights into the nanofiltration separation mechanism of monosaccharides by molecular dynamics simulation. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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19
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Insights into the rejection of barium and strontium by nanofiltration membrane from experimental and modeling analysis. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Mass transfer in 1812 spiral wound modules: Experimental study in dextrose-water nanofiltration. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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