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Guo M, Ban T, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhu X. "Thiol-ene" crosslinked polybenzimidazoles anion exchange membrane with enhanced performance and durability. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 638:349-362. [PMID: 36746053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To address the "trade-off" between conductivity and stability of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), we developed a series of crosslinked AEMs by using polybenzimidazole with norbornene (cPBI-Nb) as backbone and the crosslinked structure was fabricated by adopting click chemical between thiol and vinyl-group. Meanwhile, the hydrophilic properties of the dithiol cross-linker were regulated to explore the effect for micro-phase separation morphology and hydroxide ion conductivity. As result, the AEMs with hydrophilic crosslinked structure (PcPBI-Nb-C2) not only had apparent micro-phase separation morphology and high OH- conductivity of 105.54 mS/cm at 80 °C, but also exhibited improved mechanical properties, dimensional stability (swelling ratio < 15%) and chemical stability (90.22 % mass maintaining in Fenton's reagent at 80 °C for 24 h, 78.30 % conductivity keeping in 2 M NaOH at 80 °C for 2016 h). In addition, the anion exchange membranes water electrolysis (AEMWEs) using PcPBI-Nb-C2 as AEMs achieved the current density of 368 mA/cm2 at 2.1 V and the durability over 500 min operated at 150 mA/cm2 under 60 °C. Therefore, this work paves the way for constructing AEMs by introduction of norbornene into polybenzimidazole and formation of hydrophilic crosslinked structure based on "thiol-ene".
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolian Guo
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Tao Ban
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yajie Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Xiuling Zhu
- State Key Lab of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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2
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Roggi A, Guazzelli E, Resta C, Agonigi G, Filpi A, Martinelli E. Vinylbenzyl Chloride/Styrene-Grafted SBS Copolymers via TEMPO-Mediated Polymerization for the Fabrication of Anion Exchange Membranes for Water Electrolysis. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081826. [PMID: 37111973 PMCID: PMC10144011 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a commercial SBS was functionalized with the 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-N-oxyl stable radical (TEMPO) via free-radical activation initiated with benzoyl peroxide (BPO). The obtained macroinitiator was used to graft both vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC) and styrene/VBC random copolymer chains from SBS to create g-VBC-x and g-VBC-x-co-Sty-z graft copolymers, respectively. The controlled nature of the polymerization as well as the use of a solvent allowed us to reduce the extent of the formation of the unwanted, non-grafted (co)polymer, thereby facilitating the graft copolymer's purification. The obtained graft copolymers were used to prepare films via solution casting using chloroform. The -CH2Cl functional groups of the VBC grafts were then quantitatively converted to -CH2(CH3)3N+ quaternary ammonium groups via reaction with trimethylamine directly on the films, and the films, therefore, were investigated as anion exchange membranes (AEMs) for potential application in a water electrolyzer (WE). The membranes were extensively characterized to assess their thermal, mechanical, and ex situ electrochemical properties. They generally presented ionic conductivity comparable to or higher than that of a commercial benchmark as well as higher water uptake and hydrogen permeability. Interestingly, the styrene/VBC-grafted copolymer was found to be more mechanically resistant than the corresponding graft copolymer not containing the styrene component. For this reason, the copolymer g-VBC-5-co-Sty-16-Q with the best balance of mechanical, water uptake, and electrochemical properties was selected for a single-cell test in an AEM-WE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Roggi
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Guazzelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Resta
- Enapter s.r.l., Crespina-Lorenzana (Pisa), 56040 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Filpi
- Enapter s.r.l., Crespina-Lorenzana (Pisa), 56040 Pisa, Italy
| | - Elisa Martinelli
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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3
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Clemens AL, Jayathilake BS, Karnes JJ, Schwartz JJ, Baker SE, Duoss EB, Oakdale JS. Tuning Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes through Crosslinking: A Review of Synthetic Strategies and Property Relationships. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15061534. [PMID: 36987313 PMCID: PMC10051716 DOI: 10.3390/polym15061534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are an enabling component for next-generation electrochemical devices, including alkaline fuel cells, water and CO2 electrolyzers, and flow batteries. While commercial systems, notably fuel cells, have traditionally relied on proton-exchange membranes, hydroxide-ion conducting AAEMs hold promise as a method to reduce cost-per-device by enabling the use of non-platinum group electrodes and cell components. AAEMs have undergone significant material development over the past two decades; however, challenges remain in the areas of durability, water management, high temperature performance, and selectivity. In this review, we survey crosslinking as a tool capable of tuning AAEM properties. While crosslinking implementations vary, they generally result in reduced water uptake and increased transport selectivity and alkaline stability. We survey synthetic methodologies for incorporating crosslinks during AAEM fabrication and highlight necessary precautions for each approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auston L. Clemens
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (J.S.O.)
| | | | - John J. Karnes
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Johanna J. Schwartz
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Sarah E. Baker
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - Eric B. Duoss
- Materials Engineering Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
| | - James S. Oakdale
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA
- Correspondence: (A.L.C.); (J.S.O.)
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Saravanan C, Anbu Sujitha SD, Senthilkumaran M, Shanmugavelan P, Durai Murugan K, Muthu Mareeswaran P. Photophysical Properties of Linear, Net-structured and Branched Polybenzimidazoles. J Fluoresc 2023; 33:125-134. [PMID: 36282346 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-022-03029-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Polybenzimidazoles with three different network structures are synthesized by condensation polymerization between the conventional monomer 3,3'-Diaminobenzidine and three different acid monomers. The synthesised polymer networks are characterized using several characterization techniques such as FT-IR, powder XRD, HR-SEM and TG-DTA analyses. The polybenzimidazoles are amorphous in nature with excellent thermal stability up to 450 ºC. The photophysical properties of polybenzimidazoles are studied using UV-visible absorption and Emission spectral techniques. Further, the excited state photoluminescence decay time measurement shows a functional group dependant decay behaviour. All the three polymers display narrow optical band gap energy and could be applied as a material for solar energy conversion and semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chokalingam Saravanan
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sugumar Daisylin Anbu Sujitha
- Department of Science and Humanities, Sri Sairam Institute of Technology, West Tambaram, Chennai, 600 044, Tamilnadu, India
| | | | - Poovan Shanmugavelan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tamilnadu Open University, Saidapet, Chennai, 600 015, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kandhasamy Durai Murugan
- Department of Chemistry, Syed Hameetha Arts and Science College, Keelakarai, 623 806, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Paulpandian Muthu Mareeswaran
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamil Nadu, India. .,Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Karaikudi, 630 003, Tamilnadu, India.
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5
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Zhang C, Chen S, Hu L, You M, Meng J. Elevating the water/salt selectivity of polybenzimidazole to the empirical upper bound of desalting polymers by marrying N-substitution with chlorination. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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6
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Zhu C, Li J, Liao J, Chen Q, Xu Y, Ruan H, Shen J. Acid enrichment via electrodialyser fabricated with poly(vinyl chloride)-based anion exchange membrane: Effect of hydrophobicity of aliphatic side-chains tethered on imidazolium groups. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Synthesis and properties of a new ether-free poly(bis-alkylpiperidinium) polymer for the anion exchange membrane. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Alkali-free quaternized polybenzimidazole membranes with high phosphoric acid retention ability for high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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9
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Guo M, Ban T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Zhu X. Exploring highly soluble ether-free polybenzimidazole as anion exchange membranes with long term durability. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Chen Q, Yao Y, Liao J, Li J, Xu J, Wang T, Tang Y, Xu Y, Ruan H, Shen J. Subnanometer Ion Channel Anion Exchange Membranes Having a Rigid Benzimidazole Structure for Selective Anion Separation. ACS NANO 2022; 16:4629-4641. [PMID: 35226457 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c11264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ion-conductive polymers having a well-defined phase-separated structure show the potential application of separating mono- and bivalent ion separation. In this work, three side-chain-type poly(arylene ether sulfone)-based anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have been fabricated to investigate the effect of the stiffness of the polymer backbone within AEMs on the Cl-/NO3- and Cl-/SO42- separation performance. Our investigations via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), positron annihilation, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrate that the as-prepared AEM with a rigid benzimidazole structure in the backbone bears subnanometer ion channels resulting from the arrangement of the rigid polymer backbone. In particular, SAXS results demonstrate that the rigid benzimidazole-containing AEM in the wet state has an ion cluster size of 0.548 nm, which is smaller than that of an AEM with alkyl segments in the backbone (0.760 nm). Thus, in the electrodialysis (ED) process, the former exhibits a superior capacity of separating Cl-/SO42- ions relative to latter. Nevertheless, the benzimidazole-containing AEM shows an inability to separate the Cl-/NO3- ions, which is possibly due to the similar ion size of the two. The higher rotational energy barrier (4.3 × 10-3 Hartree) of benzimidazole units and the smaller polymer matrix free-volume (0.636%) in the AEM significantly contribute to the construction of smaller ion channels. As a result, it is believed that the rigid benzimidazole structure of this kind is a benefit to the construction of stable subnanometer ion channels in the AEM that can selectively separate ions with different sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Chen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuyang Yao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junbin Liao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Junhua Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jingwen Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yuanyuan Tang
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Yanqing Xu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Huimin Ruan
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Jiangnan Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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11
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A low vanadium permeability sulfonated polybenzimidazole membrane with a metal-organic framework for vanadium redox flow batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Tuning the length of aliphatic chain segments in aromatic poly(arylene ether sulfone) to tailor the micro-structure of anion-exchange membrane for improved proton blocking performance. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Liu Z, Bai L, Miao S, Li C, Pan J, Jin Y, Chu D, Chu X, Liu L. Structure-property relationship of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) anion exchange membranes with pendant sterically crowded quaternary ammoniums. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Hu L, You M, Meng J. Chlorination as a simple but effective method to improve the water/salt selectivity of polybenzimidazole for desalination membrane applications. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Tang W, Yang Y, Liu X, Dong J, Li H, Yang J. Long side-chain quaternary ammonium group functionalized polybenzimidazole based anion exchange membranes and their applications. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Blended Anion Exchange Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162827. [PMID: 34451365 PMCID: PMC8398372 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, blended anion exchange membranes were prepared using polyphenylene oxide containing quaternary ammonium groups and polyvinylidene fluoride. A polyvinylidene fluoride with high hydrophobicity was blended in to lower the vanadium ion permeability, which increased when the hydrophilicity increased. At the same time, the dimensional stability also improved due to the excellent physical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride. Subsequently, permeation of the vanadium ions was prevented due to the positive charge of the anion exchange membrane, and thus the permeability was relatively lower than that of a commercial proton exchange membrane. Due to the above properties, the self-discharge of the blended anion exchange membrane (30.1 h for QA–PPO/PVDF(2/8)) was also lower than that of the commercial proton exchange membrane (27.9 h for Nafion), and it was confirmed that it was an applicable candidate for vanadium redox flow batteries.
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17
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Ozaytekin I. Improving proton conductivity of poly(oxyphenylene benzimidazole) membranes with sulfonation and magnetite addition. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-00960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Abdi ZG, Chen J, Chiu T, Yang H, Yu H. Synthesis of ionic polybenzimidazoles with broad ion exchange capacity range for anion exchange membrane fuel cell application. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zelalem Gudeta Abdi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jyh‐Chien Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Tse‐Han Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Hsiharng Yang
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture (IDCSA) National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Hsuan‐Hung Yu
- Graduate Institute of Precision Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
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19
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A two-step strategy for the preparation of anion-exchange membranes based on poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) for electrodialysis desalination. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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20
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Polybenzimidazole-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for High-Temperature Fuel Cells: Current Status and Prospects. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en14010135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) expect a promising future in addressing the major problems associated with production and consumption of renewable energies and meeting the future societal and environmental needs. Design and fabrication of new proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high proton conductivity and durability is crucial to overcome the drawbacks of the present PEMs. Acid-doped polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) carry high proton conductivity and long-term thermal, chemical, and structural stabilities are recognized as the suited polymeric materials for next-generation PEMs of high-temperature fuel cells in place of Nafion® membranes. This paper aims to review the recent developments in acid-doped PBI-based PEMs for use in PEMFCs. The structures and proton conductivity of a variety of acid-doped PBI-based PEMs are discussed. More recent development in PBI-based electrospun nanofiber PEMs is also considered. The electrochemical performance of PBI-based PEMs in PEMFCs and new trends in the optimization of acid-doped PBIs are explored.
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21
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Abdi ZG, Chiu TH, Pan YZ, Chen JC. Anion exchange membranes based on ionic polybenzimidazoles crosslinked by thiol-ene reaction. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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22
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23
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Quaternized Tröger’s base polymer with crown ether unit for alkaline stable anion exchange membranes. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Du Y, Gao L, Hu L, Di M, Yan X, An B, He G. The synergistic effect of protonated imidazole-hydroxyl-quaternary ammonium on improving performances of anion exchange membrane assembled flow batteries. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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25
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Chemically stable poly(meta-terphenyl piperidinium) with highly conductive side chain for alkaline fuel cell membranes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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26
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Yan X, Dong Z, Di M, Hu L, Zhang C, Pan Y, Zhang N, Jiang X, Wu X, Wang J, He G. A highly proton-conductive and vanadium-rejected long-side-chain sulfonated polybenzimidazole membrane for redox flow battery. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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27
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28
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29
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Construction of crosslinked polybenz imidazole-based anion exchange membranes with ether-bond-free backbone. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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30
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31
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32
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Wang L, Liu Z, Liu Y, Wang L. Crosslinked polybenzimidazole containing branching structure with no sacrifice of effective N-H sites: Towards high-performance high-temperature proton exchange membranes for fuel cells. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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33
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Enhancing proton conductivity of polybenzimidazole membranes by introducing sulfonate for vanadium redox flow batteries applications. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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34
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Ma H, Zhu H, Wang Z. Highly alkaline stable anion exchange membranes from nonplanar polybenzimidazole with steric hindrance backbone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Ma
- Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 of North 3rd Ring East Road Chaoyang District 100029 Beijing China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 of North 3rd Ring East Road Chaoyang District 100029 Beijing China
| | - Zhongming Wang
- Faculty of ScienceBeijing University of Chemical Technology, No. 15 of North 3rd Ring East Road Chaoyang District 100029 Beijing China
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35
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Tailoring the nanophase-separated morphology of anion exchange membrane by embedding aliphatic chains of different lengths into aromatic main chains. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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36
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Kalathil A, Raghavan A, Kandasubramanian B. Polymer Fuel Cell Based on Polybenzimidazole Membrane: A Review. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03602559.2018.1482919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Kalathil
- Department Of Polymer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha, India
| | - Ajith Raghavan
- Department Of Polymer Engineering, University College of Engineering, Thodupuzha, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Structural Composite Fabrication Laboratory, Department of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology (DU), Ministry of Defence, Girinagar, India
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