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Xiong Y, Peng K, Zhao Z, Yang D, Huang X, Zeng H. Sources, colloidal characteristics, and separation technologies for highly hazardous waste nanoemulsions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 930:172347. [PMID: 38614332 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nanoemulsions play a crucial role in various industries. However, their application often results in hazardous waste, posing significant risks to human health and the environment. Effective management and separation of waste nanoemulsions requires special attention and effort. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of waste nanoemulsions, covering their sources, characteristics, and suitable treatment technologies, intending to mitigate their environmental impact. This study examines the evolution of nanoemulsions from beneficial products to hazardous wastes, provides an overview of the production processes, fate, and hazards of waste nanoemulsions, and highlights the critical characteristics that affect their stability. The latest advancements in separating waste nanoemulsions for recovering oil and reusable water resources are also presented, providing a comprehensive comparison and evaluation of the current treatment techniques. This review addresses the significant challenges in nanoemulsion treatment, provides insights into future research directions, and offers valuable implications for the development of more effective strategies to mitigate the hazards associated with waste nanoemulsions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kaiming Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Ziqian Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Diling Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Xiangfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China; Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Tongji University, No. 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada.
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2
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Zhong X, Shi Q, Guo Z. Synergistic Construction of Superhydrophilic PVDF Membranes by Dual Modification Strategies for Efficient Emulsion Separation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402538. [PMID: 38770748 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Solving the problem of oil and water pollution is an important topic in environmental protection. The separation of oil-water emulsion with high efficiency and low consumption has been the direction of social efforts. Membrane separation technology combined with surface wettability and pore size screening is considered to be one of the most promising ways to separate oil-water emulsions. In this paper, the polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane is prepared by combining the two methods of blending and coating modification as a double barrier. The prepared PVDF membrane can completely wet water, achieve superhydrophilic in air, and superoleophobic underwater. The separation efficiency and flux are 99.57% and 678 L h-1 m-2 bar-1, respectively, for toluene emulsions containing surfactants with an average particle size of 1.7 µm. At the same time, it can also effectively separate different kinds of light/heavy oils. After three cycles of testing still maintain high efficiency of separation. The results show that the prepared PVDF membrane can effectively separate the emulsion containing surfactant with smaller particle size distribution of oil droplets. This method provides a new strategy for the separation of oil-water emulsions and has broad application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Qinhan Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430000, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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3
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Hu DD, Zhang YX, Li YD, Zeng JB. Fully biobased hydrogel based on chitosan and tannic acid coated cotton fabric for underwater superoleophobicity and efficient oil/water separation. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127892. [PMID: 37952799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Underwater superoleophobic (UWSO) materials have garnered significant attention in separating oil/water mixtures. But, the majority of these materials are made from non-degradable and non-renewable raw materials, polluting the environment and wasting scarce resources while using them. Against this backdrop, this study aimed to fabricate an environmental-friendly UWSO textile using biobased materials. To achieve this, hydrogel consisting of chitosan (CS) and poly(tannic acid) (PTA) were formed and coated on cotton fabric (CTF) via dip-coating followed by oxidative polymerization. CS&PTA hydrogel endowed the CTF with a rough surface and high surface energy, leading to an UWSO CTF with an underwater oil contact angle as high as 166.84°. The CS&PTA/CTF had excellent separation capability toward various oil/water mixtures, showing separation efficiency above 99.84 % and water flux higher than 23, 999 L m-2 h-1. Moreover, CS&PTA/CTF possessed excellent mechanical and environmental stability with underwater superoleophobicity unchanged after sandpaper friction, ultrasonication, organic solvents, NaCl (m/v, 30 %) solution, and acid/base solution immersion, due to the strong interaction between the hydrogel and cotton fabric generated by the mussel-inspired adhesion owing to the presence of PTA. The fully biobased UWSO CTF exhibits great promising to be an alternative to traditional superwetting materials for separation of oil/water mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Hu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ye-Xin Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi-Dong Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jian-Bing Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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4
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Yang X, Zhang N, Zhang J, Liu W, Zhao M, Lin S, Wang Z. Nanocomposite Hydrogel Engineered Janus Membrane for Membrane Distillation with Robust Fouling, Wetting, and Scaling Resistance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15725-15735. [PMID: 37787747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Membrane distillation (MD) is considered to be rather promising for high-salinity wastewater reclamation. However, its practical viability is seriously challenged by membrane wetting, fouling, and scaling issues arising from the complex components of hypersaline wastewater. It remains extremely difficult to overcome all three challenges at the same time. Herein, a nanocomposite hydrogel engineered Janus membrane has been facilely constructed for desired wetting/fouling/scaling-free properties, where a cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) composite hydrogel layer is formed in situ atop a microporous hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) substrate intermediated by an adhesive layer. By the synergies of the elevated membrane liquid entry pressure, inhibited surfactant diffusion, and highly hydratable surface imparted by the hydrogel/CNC (HC) layer, the resultant HC-PTFE membrane exhibits robust resistance to surfactant-induced wetting and oil fouling during 120 h of MD operation. Meanwhile, owing to the dense and hydroxyl-abundant surface, it is capable of mitigating gypsum scaling and scaling-induced wetting, resulting in a high normalized flux and low distillate conductivity at a concentration factor of 5.2. Importantly, the HC-PTFE membrane enables direct desalination of real hypersaline wastewater containing broad-spectrum foulants with stable vapor flux and robust salt rejection (99.90%) during long-term operation, demonstrating its great potential for wastewater management in industrial scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weifan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Mingwei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development, Ministry of Education, School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petro1eum (East China), Qingdao 266580, People's Republic of China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Zhining Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, People's Republic of China
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5
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Taghavian H, Černík M, Dvořák L. Advanced (bio)fouling resistant surface modification of PTFE hollow-fiber membranes for water treatment. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11871. [PMID: 37481651 PMCID: PMC10363105 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane surface treatment to modify anti-(bio)fouling resistivity plays a key role in membrane technology. This paper reports on the successful use of air-stimulated surface polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride incorporated ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for impeding the intrinsic hydrophobicity and low anti-(bio)fouling resistivity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hollow-fiber membranes (HFMs). The study involved the use of pristine and polydopamine (Pdopa) coated PTFE HFMs, both with and without the presence of an air supply and added ZnO NPs. Zeta potential measurements were performed to evaluate the dispersion stability of ZnO NPs prior to immobilization, while morphological characterization and time-dependency of the Pdopa growth layer were illustrated through scanning electron microscopy. Pdopa surface polymerization and ZnO NPs immobilization were confirmed using FT-IR and EDX spectroscopy. Transformation of the PTFE HFM surface features to superhydrophilic was demonstrated through water contact angle analysis and the stability of immobilized ZnO NPs assessed by ICP analysis. Anti-fouling criteria and (bio)fouling resistivity performance of the surface-modified membranes were assessed through flux recovery determination of bovine serum albumin in dead-end filtration as well as dynamic-contact-condition microbial evaluation against Staphylococcus spp. and Escherichia coli, respectively. The filtration recovery ratio and antimicrobial results suggested promising surface modification impacts on the anti-fouling properties of PTFE HFM. As such, the method represents the first successful use of air-stimulated Pdopa coating incorporating ZnO NPs to induce superhydrophilic PTFE HFM surface modification. Such a method can be extended to the other membranes associated with water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Taghavian
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Mechatronics, Informatics and Interdisciplinary Studies, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 2, 461 17 Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Černík
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Dvořák
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technologies and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Studentská 1402/2, 461 17, Liberec 1, Czech Republic.
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6
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Bai Y, Liu B, Li J, Li M, Yao Z, Dong L, Rao D, Zhang P, Cao X, Villalobos LF, Zhang C, An QF, Elimelech M. Microstructure optimization of bioderived polyester nanofilms for antibiotic desalination via nanofiltration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6134. [PMID: 37146143 PMCID: PMC10162667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The successful implementation of thin-film composite membranes (TFCM) for challenging solute-solute separations in the pharmaceutical industry requires a fine control over the microstructure (size, distribution, and connectivity of the free-volume elements) and thickness of the selective layer. For example, desalinating antibiotic streams requires highly interconnected free-volume elements of the right size to block antibiotics but allow the passage of salt ions and water. Here, we introduce stevioside, a plant-derived contorted glycoside, as a promising aqueous phase monomer for optimizing the microstructure of TFCM made via interfacial polymerization. The low diffusion rate and moderate reactivity of stevioside, together with its nonplanar and distorted conformation, produced thin selective layers with an ideal microporosity for antibiotic desalination. For example, an optimized 18-nm membrane exhibited an unprecedented combination of high water permeance (81.2 liter m-2 hour-1 bar-1), antibiotic desalination efficiency (NaCl/tetracycline separation factor of 11.4), antifouling performance, and chlorine resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Bai
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Beibei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Jiachen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China
| | - Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Yao
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Liangliang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Dewei Rao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingzhong Cao
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | | | - Chunfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
| | - Quan-Fu An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Green Catalysis and Separation, Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, 100124, Beijing, China
| | - Menachem Elimelech
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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7
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Superhydrophobic PVDF membrane modified by dopamine self-polymerized nanoparticles for vacuum membrane distillation. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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8
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One-step rapid co-deposition of oxidant induced mussel-polyphenol coating on PVDF substrate for separating oily water. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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9
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Improving Mg2+/Li+ separation performance of polyamide nanofiltration membrane by swelling-embedding-shrinking strategy. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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10
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Tannic acid (TA)-based coating modified membrane enhanced by successive inkjet printing of Fe3+ and sodium periodate (SP) for efficient oil-water separation. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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11
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Chen C, Chen L, Weng D, Chen S, Liu J, Wang J. Revealing the mechanism of superwetting fibrous membranes for separating surfactant-free water-in-oil emulsions. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Dizon GV, Toribio Fowler PM, Venault A, Yeh CC, Tayo LL, Caparanga AR, Aimar P, Chang Y. Dopamine-Induced Surface Zwitterionization of Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) for Constructing Thermostable Bioinert Materials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1532-1543. [PMID: 35319182 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Although energy-demanding, the surface modification of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for biomedical applications is mandatory to mitigate irreversible biofouling that occurs whenever PTFE comes into contact with biological fluids. Here, we propose to take advantage of the adhesive properties of dopamine (DA) and of the antifouling ability of various zwitterionic monomers (sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA), sulfobetaine methacrylamide (SBAA), sulfobetaine acrylamide (SBAA'), and 4-vinylpyridine propylsulfobetaine (4VPPS)) and form antifouling coatings by copolymerization on the surface of expanded PTFE membranes. This simple, low-energy, and one-step coating procedure arises in significant biofouling mitigation. All zwitterionic coatings led to important reduction of biofouling by red blood cell conentrate (88-94%), platelet conentrate (70-90%), whole blood (40-66%), or bacteria (83-96%). Also, it is shown that the interactions of polydopamine with ePTFE are stable even at high temperatures. However, the zwitterionic monomers are differently affected. While the performance of SBMA coatings decreased (as SBMA is prone to hydrolysis), those of SBAA, SBAA', and 4VPPS coatings were generally maintained. All in all, this study illustrates that efficient and stable antifouling zwitterionic coatings can be generated onto PTFE membranes for biomedical applications, without the use of conventional high-energy-demanding surface modification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gian Vincent Dizon
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Peter Matthew Toribio Fowler
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines.,School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Antoine Venault
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chen Yeh
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Alvin R Caparanga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Pierre Aimar
- Laboratoire de Geńie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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13
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Panwar A, Sk MM, Lee BH, Tan LP. Synthesis and fabrication of gelatin-based elastomeric hydrogels through cosolvent-induced polymer restructuring. RSC Adv 2022; 12:7922-7934. [PMID: 35424739 PMCID: PMC8982264 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra09084d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels have a wide range of applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, device fabrication for biological studies and stretchable electronics. For biomedical applications, natural polymeric hydrogels have general advantages such as biodegradability and non-toxic by products as well as biocompatibility. However, applications of nature derived hydrogels have been severely limited by their poor mechanical properties. For example, most of the protein derived hydrogels do not exhibit high stretchability like methacrylated gelatin hydrogel has ∼11% failure strain when stretched. Moreover, protein derived elastomeric hydrogels that are fabricated from low molecular weight synthetic peptides require a laborious process of synthesis and purification. Biopolymers like gelatin, produced in bulk for pharma and the food industry can provide an alternative for the development of elastomeric hydrogels. Here, we report the synthesis of ureidopyrimidinone (Upy) functionalized gelatin and its fabrication into soft elastomeric hydrogels through supramolecular interactions that could exhibit high failure strain (318.73 ± 44.35%). The hydrogels were fabricated through a novel method involving co-solvent optimization and structural transformation with 70% water content. It is anticipated that the hydrogel fabrication method involves the formation of hydrophobic cores of ureidopyrimidinone groups inside the hydrogel which introduced elastomeric properties to the resulting hydrogel. Hydrogels have a wide range of applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, device fabrication for biological studies and stretchable electronics.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Panwar
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore .,Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP) Singapore
| | - Md Moniruzzaman Sk
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore
| | - Bae Hoon Lee
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences China
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore .,Singapore Centre for 3D Printing (SC3DP) Singapore
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14
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Li J, Gao R, Wang Y, Zhang TC, Yuan S. Superhydrophobic palmitic acid modified Cu(OH)2/CuS nanocomposite-coated copper foam for efficient separation of oily wastewater. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Triethanolamine modification produces ultra-permeable nanofiltration membrane with enhanced removal efficiency of heavy metal ions. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.120127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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16
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhou Q, Chen R, Guo S. Surface modification of
PTFE
/
SiO
2
composite films through the deposition of polydopamine (
PDA
) and the modified adhesive properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Yao Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Rong Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Shaoyun Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plastic/Rubber Complex Processing Technology Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University Chengdu China
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17
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Cross-Linking Combined with Surfactant Bilayer Assembly Enhances the Hydrophilic and Antifouling Properties of PTFE Microfiltration Membranes. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent strong hydrophobicity of Polytetrafluoroetylene (PTFE) microfiltration membranes results in low separation efficiency and easy contamination. In order to enhance its hydrophilic and antifouling properties, we first modified the PTFE microfiltration membrane by using Polyethylene glycol laurate (PEGML) for first layer deposition and then used Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/citric acid (CA) cross-linked coatings for second layer deposition. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) results showed that the fibers and nodes of the modified PTFE microfiltration membrane were coated with PVA/CA hydrophilic coating. FT-IR Spectromete and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) analysis results confirmed that crosslinking of PVA and CA occurred and that PEGML and PVA/CA were successfully deposited onto the membrane surface. The modification conditions were optimized by hydrophilicity testing, and the best hydrophilicity of the modified membrane was achieved when the crosslinking content of PEGML was 2 g·L−1, PVA was 5 g·L−1, and CA was 2 g·L−1. PTFE microfiltration membranes modified by the optimal conditions achieved a water flux of 396.9 L·m−2·h−1 (three times that of the original membrane) at low operating pressures (0.05 MPa), and the contact angle decreased from 120° to 40°. Meanwhile, the modified PTFE microfiltration membrane has improved contamination resistance and good stability of the hydrophilic coating.
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18
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Sun C, Chen K, Wiafe Biney B, Wang K, Liu H, Guo A, Xia W. Switchable wettability of grain-stacked filter layers from polyurethane plastic waste for oil/water separation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:970-981. [PMID: 34887059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.11.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Polyurethane plastic waste (PUPW), a port-abundant solid waste, is difficult to degrade naturally and poses a severe threat to the environment. Hence, the effective recycling of PUPW remains a challenge. EXPERIMENTS Herein, a strategy of converting PUPW into stacked oil/water filtration layer grain through a layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly process is investigated. Notably, such PU-based, grain-stacked, and switchable wettability of the oil/water filter layer is first reported. FINDINGS The grain-stacked filter layers are flexible for separating immiscible oil/water mixtures, water-in-oil emulsions (WOE), and oil-in-water emulsions (OWE) under gravity over 10 cycle-usages. They can withstand strong acid/alkali solutions (pH = 1-14) and salt solutions over 12 h. Besides, 100-times scale-up experiments have indicated that the obtained filter layers exhibit an upper to 98.2 % separation efficiency for 10 L real industrial oil/water emulsion in the 24 h continuous operation. The demulsification mechanism for emulsions is that the electrostatic interaction along with adsorption between emulsion droplets and grains leads to the uneven distribution of surfactants on the interface film of the emulsion droplets, increasing the probability of tiny droplets colliding and coalescing into large droplets to achieve oil/water separation. This work proposes an effective and economical method of abundant plastic waste for industrial-scale oil-water separation rather than just on the laboratory-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Kun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China.
| | - Bernard Wiafe Biney
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Kunyin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - He Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Aijun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
| | - Wei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, China
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19
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Guan C, Li Z, Zhu L, Xia D. A superhydrophilic and high demulsification aramid nanofibers membrane with novel poly-pseudorotaxane structure for oil-in-water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Zhu Y, Lu Y, Yu H, Jiang G, Zhao X, Gao C, Xue L. Super-hydrophobic F-TiO2@PP membranes with nano-scale “coral”-like synapses for waste oil recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Zhang W, Hu B, Wang Z, Li B. Fabrication of omniphobic PVDF composite membrane with dual-scale hierarchical structure via chemical bonding for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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22
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Dayanandan N, Kapoor A, Sivaraman P. Studies on membrane distillation towards mitigating thermal pollution. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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23
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Alkhouzaam A, Qiblawey H, Khraisheh M. Polydopamine Functionalized Graphene Oxide as Membrane Nanofiller: Spectral and Structural Studies. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:86. [PMID: 33513669 PMCID: PMC7910935 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11020086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
High-degree functionalization of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles (NPs) using polydopamine (PDA) was conducted to produce polydopamine functionalized graphene oxide nanoparticles (GO-PDA NPs). Aiming to explore their potential use as nanofiller in membrane separation processes, the spectral and structural properties of GO-PDA NPs were comprehensively analyzed. GO NPs were first prepared by the oxidation of graphite via a modified Hummers method. The obtained GO NPs were then functionalized with PDA using a GO:PDA ratio of 1:2 to obtain highly aminated GO NPs. The structural change was evaluated using XRD, FTIR-UATR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM and TEM. Several bands have emerged in the FTIR spectra of GO-PDA attributed to the amine groups of PDA confirming the high functionalization degree of GO NPs. Raman spectra and XRD patterns showed different crystalline structures and defects and higher interlayer spacing of GO-PDA. The change in elemental compositions was confirmed by XPS and CHNSO elemental analysis and showed an emerging N 1s core-level in the GO-PDA survey spectra corresponding to the amine groups of PDA. GO-PDA NPs showed better dispersibility in polar and nonpolar solvents expanding their potential utilization for different purposes. Furthermore, GO and GO-PDA-coated membranes were prepared via pressure-assisted self-assembly technique (PAS) using low concentrations of NPs (1 wt. %). Contact angle measurements showed excellent hydrophilic properties of GO-PDA with an average contact angle of (27.8°).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hazim Qiblawey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713 Doha, Qatar; (A.A.); (M.K.)
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24
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Jiang B, Cheng K, Zhang N, Yang N, Zhang L, Sun Y. One-step modification of PVDF membrane with tannin-inspired highly hydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic coating for effective oil-in-water emulsion separation. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Park SJ, Lee JH. Fabrication of high-performance reverse osmosis membranes via dual-layer slot coating with tailoring interfacial adhesion. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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26
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Fowler PMPT, Dizon GV, Tayo LL, Caparanga AR, Huang J, Zheng J, Aimar P, Chang Y. Surface Zwitterionization of Expanded Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) via Dopamine-Assisted Consecutive Immersion Coating. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:41000-41010. [PMID: 32822163 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) is one of the materials widely used in the biomedical field, yet its application is being limited by adverse reactions such as thrombosis when it comes in contact with blood. Thus, a simple and robust way to modify ePTFE to be biologically inert is sought after. Modification of ePTFE without high-energy pretreatment, such as immersion coating, has been of interest to researchers for its straightforward process and ease in scaling up. In this study, we utilized a two-step immersion coating to zwitterionize ePTFE membranes. The first coating consists of the co-deposition of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polydopamine (PDA) to produce amine groups in the surface of the ePTFE for further functionalization. These amine groups from PEI will be coupled with the epoxide group of the zwitterionic copolymer, poly(GMA-co-SBMA) (PGS), via a ring-opening reaction in the second coating. The coated ePTFE membranes were physically and chemically characterized to ensure that each step of the coating is successful. The membranes were also tested for their thrombogenicity via quantification of the blood cells attached to it during contact with biological solutions. The coated membranes exhibited around 90% reduction in attachment with respect to the uncoated ePTFE for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli). The coating was also able to resist blood cell attachment from human whole blood by 81.57% and resist red blood cell attachment from red blood cell concentrate by 93.4%. These ePTFE membranes, which are coated by a simple immersion coating, show significant enhancement of the biocompatibility of the membranes, which shows promise for future use in biological devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Matthew Paul T Fowler
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
- School of Graduate Studies, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Gian Vincent Dizon
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - Alvin R Caparanga
- School of Chemical, Biological and Materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa University, Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines
| | - James Huang
- Yeu Ming Tai Chemical Industrial Co. Ltd., Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
| | - Pierre Aimar
- Laboratoire de Génie Chimique, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INPT, UPS, Toulouse 31062, France
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Research Center for Circular Economy, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chungli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
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27
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Wang M, Peng M, Zhu J, Li YD, Zeng JB. Mussel-inspired chitosan modified superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic cotton fabric for efficient oil/water separation. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 244:116449. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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28
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Chen C, Chen S, Chen L, Yu Y, Weng D, Mahmood A, Wang J, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ. Underoil Superhydrophilic Metal Felt Fabricated by Modifying Ultrathin Fumed Silica Coatings for the Separation of Water-in-Oil Emulsions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27663-27671. [PMID: 32431148 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although various superhydrophobic/superoleophilic porous materials have been developed and successfully applied to separate water-in-oil emulsions through the size-sieving mechanism, the separation performance is restricted by their nanoscale pore size severely. In this study, the wettability of underoil water on fumed silica was experimentally observed, and the underlying mechanism was investigated by carrying out theoretical analysis and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. Further, we present a novel, facile, and an inexpensive technique to fabricate an underoil superhydrophilic metal felt with microscale pores for the separation of water-in-oil emulsions using SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as building blocks. The as-prepared underoil superhydrophilic coating is closed-packed and ultrathin (the thickness is approximately hundreds of nanometers), as well as capable of being coated on a metal felt with complex structures without blocking its pores. The as-prepared metal felt could adsorb water droplets directly from oil, which endowed it with the ability to separate both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized water-in-oil emulsions with high separation efficiency up to 99.7% even though its pore size is larger than that of the emulsified droplet. The filtration flux for the separation of span 80-stabilized emulsion is up to ∼4000 L·m-2·h-1. Its separation performance is better than most of the other traditional membranes and superwettable materials used for the separation of water-in-oil emulsions. Moreover, the as-prepared metal felt retained outstanding separation performance even after 30 cycles of use, which demonstrated its excellent reusability and durability. Additionally, the distinctive wettability of underoil superhydrophilicity endued coated metal felt with superior antifouling properties toward crude oil. Overall, this study not only provides a new perspective on separating water-in-oil emulsions but also gives a universal approach to develop unique wettability surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Shuai Chen
- Institute of High Performance Computing, A*STAR, 138632 Singapore
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yadong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ding Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Awais Mahmood
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
| | - Claire J Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University of College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, U.K
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29
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Li M, Lu KJ, Wang L, Zhang X, Chung TS. Janus membranes with asymmetric wettability via a layer-by-layer coating strategy for robust membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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30
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Li X, Shan H, Zhang W, Li B. 3D printed robust superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic composite membrane for high efficient oil/water separation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.116324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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31
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Preparation of re-entrant and anti-fouling PVDF composite membrane with omniphobicity for membrane distillation. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Zuo JH, Gu YH, Wei C, Yan X, Chen Y, Lang WZ. Janus polyvinylidene fluoride membranes fabricated with thermally induced phase separation and spray-coating technique for the separations of both W/O and O/W emulsions. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Wu L, Lin Q, Liu C, Chen W. A Stable Anti-Fouling Coating on PVDF Membrane Constructed of Polyphenol Tannic Acid, Polyethyleneimine and Metal Ion. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11121975. [PMID: 31805641 PMCID: PMC6960656 DOI: 10.3390/polym11121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A hydrophilic and anti-fouling coating layer was constructed on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) microfiltration membrane by a novel surface modification method. The pristine membrane was firstly coated by (3-chloropropyl) trimethoxysilane/polyethyleneimine and tannic acid. Then, the metal ion was induced on the coating layer to coordinate with tannic acid and polyethyleneimine, forming a more stable and hydrophilic coating on the surface. The membrane's surface morphology and chemical element analysis showed that the Tannic acid/ polyethyleneimine (TA/PEI) coating layer was denser and had more stability after the addition of metal ions, and this may be due to the coordination bond formed between the TA/PEI coating and metal ions. The results of the water contact angle and pure water flux measurements showed that the hydrophilicity and wettability of the modified membranes were improved obviously after introducing the metal ion layers. The anti-fouling performance and stability of the modified membrane were also characterized by the underwater oil contact angle (OCA), the separation efficiency, and the contact angle variation value for before and after the rinsing experiment. The modified membrane showed obvious stability and antifouling. Moreover, the retention rate of some composite membranes could reach 99.6%.
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34
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Zarghami S, Mohammadi T, Sadrzadeh M, Van der Bruggen B. Superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membranes - A review of synthesis methods. Prog Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2019.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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35
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Cui J, Wang Q, Xie A, Lang J, Zhou Z, Yan Y. Construction of superhydrophilic and underwater superoleophobic membranes via in situ oriented NiCo-LDH growth for gravity-driven oil/water emulsion separation. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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36
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Preparation of Silver-Plated Para-Aramid Fiber by Employing Low-Temperature Oxygen Plasma Treatment and Dopamine Functionalization. COATINGS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings9100599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Direct electroless silver plating of para-aramid (PPTA) is difficult due to its extremely low surface chemical energy. In order to facilitate the deposition of silver nanoparticles and to enhance the washing fastness, oxygen plasma treatment and dopamine modification were conducted before silver plating of PPTA fibers. Various techniques including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) were used to characterize the surface morphology, chemical composition and thermal stability of the silver-plated PPTA fibers. Electrical resistance and silver content of the silver-coated PPTA fibers before and after standard washing were also studied. The results showed that silver nanoparticles were successfully coated onto the surface of PPTA fibers with and without plasma treatment, but the coating continuity and the electrical conductivity of the silver-coated PPTA fibers were greatly enhanced with the assistance of plasma treatment. It was also demonstrated that the washing fastness of silver-coated PPTA fibers was improved after plasma treatment as indicated by electrical resistance and continuity of the silver nanoparticles after various washing cycles. It was found that the electrical resistance of plasma-treated PPTA-PDA/Ag fibers prepared at an AgNO3 concentration of 20 g/L reached 0.89 Ω/cm and increased slightly to 0.94 Ω/cm after 10 standard washing cycles. The silver-coated PPTA fibers also showed stable electrical conductivity under 250 repeated stretching-releasing cycles at a strain of 3%.
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37
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Budisa N, Schneider T. Expanding the DOPA Universe with Genetically Encoded, Mussel-Inspired Bioadhesives for Material Sciences and Medicine. Chembiochem 2019; 20:2163-2190. [PMID: 30830997 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Catechols are a biologically relevant group of aromatic diols that have attracted much attention as mediators of adhesion of "bio-glue" proteins in mussels of the genus Mytilus. These organisms use catechols in the form of the noncanonical amino acid l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) as a building block for adhesion proteins. The DOPA is generated post-translationally from tyrosine. Herein, we review the properties, natural occurrence, and reactivity of catechols in the design of bioinspired materials. We also provide a basic description of the mussel's attachment apparatus, the interplay between its different molecules that play a crucial role in adhesion, and the role of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of these proteins. Our focus is on the microbial production of mussel foot proteins with the aid of orthogonal translation systems (OTSs) and the use of genetic code engineering to solve some fundamental problems in the bioproduction of these bioadhesives and to expand their chemical space. The major limitation of bacterial expression systems is their intrinsic inability to introduce PTMs. OTSs have the potential to overcome these challenges by replacing canonical amino acids with noncanonical ones. In this way, PTM steps are circumvented while the genetically programmed precision of protein sequences is preserved. In addition, OTSs should enable spatiotemporal control over the complex adhesion process, because the catechol function can be masked by suitable chemical protection. Such caged residues can then be noninvasively unmasked by, for example, UV irradiation or thermal treatment. All of these features make OTSs based on genetic code engineering in reprogrammed microbial strains new and promising tools in bioinspired materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nediljko Budisa
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany.,Chair of Chemical Synthetic Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manitoba, 144 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Tobias Schneider
- Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Strasse 10, Berlin, 10623, Germany
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38
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Kwon SJ, Park SH, Shin MG, Park MS, Park K, Hong S, Park H, Park YI, Lee JH. Fabrication of high performance and durable forward osmosis membranes using mussel-inspired polydopamine-modified polyethylene supports. J Memb Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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39
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Feng D, Weng D, Wang J. Interfacial tension gradient driven self-assembly of binary colloidal particles for fabrication of superhydrophobic porous films. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 548:312-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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40
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Ali N, Zaman H, Bilal M, Shah AUHA, Nazir MS, Iqbal HMN. Environmental perspectives of interfacially active and magnetically recoverable composite materials - A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 670:523-538. [PMID: 30909030 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic ecosystem contaminated with toxic pollutants and heavy metals due to the rapid growth of industrialization has become a top-priority global concern exhibiting highly adverse effects on human health and the environment. Many treatment techniques have been envisioned for the removal of these toxic contaminants from the aqueous environment. Among these techniques, magnetic separation has attracted burgeoning research attention owing to its simplicity, eco-friendly nature, large surface area, electron mobility, and excellent performance for removing water contaminants. In particular, interfacial active nanoparticles and nanocomposites with unique structures and magnetic properties are considered as ideal provides candidates in material science for next-generation water treatment. This review gives an insight into current research activities associated with the synthesis strategies and applications of interfacially active and magnetically responsive nanomaterials and nanocomposites for sustainable purification processes. In the first half, various synthesis routes for magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles development and the corresponding formation mechanism are summarized. In the second half, we reviewed the magnetic and wettability properties of interfacially active and magnetically responsive nanocomposites and their environmental applications including oil-water separation, removal of hazardous dye-based pollutants and potentially toxic heavy metals. Finally, the review is wrapped up with major concluding remarks and future perspectives of these magnetic nanoscale composite materials for sustainable wastewater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Ali
- Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Deep Utilization Technology of Rock-salt Resource, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China.
| | - Hira Zaman
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian 223003, China
| | | | | | - Hafiz M N Iqbal
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Campus Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey, NL CP 64849, Mexico.
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41
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Tanudjaja HJ, Hejase CA, Tarabara VV, Fane AG, Chew JW. Membrane-based separation for oily wastewater: A practical perspective. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 156:347-365. [PMID: 30928529 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The large volumes of oily wastewater generated by various industries, such as oil and gas, food and beverage, and metal processing, need to be de-oiled prior to being discharged into the environment. Compared to conventional technologies such as dissolved air flotation (DAF), coagulation or solvent extraction, membrane filtration can treat oily wastewater of a much broader compositional range and still ensure high oil removals. In the present review, various aspects related to the practical implementation of membranes for the treatment of oily wastewater are summarized. First, sources and composition of oily wastewater, regulations that stipulate the extent of treatment needed before discharge, and the conventional technologies that enable such treatment are appraised. Second, commercially available membranes, membrane modules, operation modes and hybrids are overviewed, and their economics are discussed. Third, challenges associated with membrane filtration are examined, along with means to quantify and mitigate membrane fouling. Finally, perspectives on state-of-the-art techniques to facilitate better monitoring and control of such systems are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry J Tanudjaja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 37459, Singapore
| | - Charifa A Hejase
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Volodymyr V Tarabara
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Anthony G Fane
- Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Jia Wei Chew
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 37459, Singapore; Singapore Membrane Technology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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Wu J, Li H, Lai X, Chen Z, Zeng X. Superhydrophobic Polydimethylsiloxane@Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Membrane for Effective Water-in-Oil Emulsions Separation and Quick Deicing. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b00994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
- Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, Guangzhou 510640, China
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43
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Song G, Luo K, Yu J, Wang Y, Zhu J, Hu Z. High performance ultrafiltration composite membranes based on nanofibrous substrate with PDA coating and TAPS-NA immobilization. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2019.1599942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guocheng Song
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiju Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
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44
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Chen C, Weng D, Mahmood A, Chen S, Wang J. Separation Mechanism and Construction of Surfaces with Special Wettability for Oil/Water Separation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:11006-11027. [PMID: 30811172 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b01293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Oil leakage and the discharge of oil/water mixtures by domestic and industrial consumers have caused not only severe environmental pollution and a threat to all species in the ecosystem but also a huge waste of precious resources. Therefore, the separation of oil/water mixtures, especially stable emulsion, has become an urgent global issue. Recently, materials containing a special wettability feature for oil and water have drawn immense attention because of their potential applications for oil/water separation application. In this paper, we systematically summarize the fundamental theories, separation mechanism, design strategies, and recent developments in materials with special wettability for separating stratified and emulsified oil/water mixtures. The related wetting theories that unveil the physical underlying mechanism of the oil/water separation mechanism are proposed, and the practical design criteria for oil/water separation materials are provided. Guided by the fundamental design criteria, various porous materials with special wettability characteristics, including those which are superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic, superhydrophobic/superoleophilic, and superhydrophilic/in-air superoleophobic, are systemically analyzed. These superwetting materials are widely employed to separate oil/water mixtures: from stratified oil/water to emulsified ones. In addition, the materials that implement the demulsification of emulsified oil/water mixtures via the ingenious design of the multiscale surface morphology and construction of special wettability are also discussed. In each section, we introduce the design ideas, base materials, preparation methods, and representative works in detail. Finally, the conclusions and challenges for the oil/water separation research field are discussed in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolang Chen
- Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Ding Weng
- Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Awais Mahmood
- Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
| | - Jiadao Wang
- Sate Key Laboratory of Tribology , Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084 , P. R. China
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45
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Li C, Zhang H, Wang F, Zhu H, Guo Y, Chen M. PVA and CS cross-linking combined with in situ chimeric SiO2 nanoparticle adhesion to enhance the hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties of PTFE flat membranes. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19205-19216. [PMID: 35516864 PMCID: PMC9064884 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra02396h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, a new hydrophilic and antibacterial polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) flat MF membrane was fabricated via a low-cost and simple preparation method in which chitosan (CS) was crosslinked with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a cross-linker followed by in situ chimeric SiO2 nanoparticle adhesion. The surface of the modified membrane had decreased C and F contents, and a large number of hydrophilic groups appeared. The treated membrane had good hydrophilicity and antibacterial properties. Moreover, the PTFE-modified membrane had high separation efficiency and antifouling property for oil-in-water emulsions. Finally, the hydrophilic stability of the PTFE membrane was studied by subjecting it to continuous water rinsing and soaking in solutions of different pH values. The present study demonstrates that this modified membrane has potential practical applications in industrial wastewater recovery. Herein, a new hydrophilic and antibacterial PTFE flat MF membrane was fabricated via a low-cost and simple preparation method in which CS was crosslinked with PVA using ECH as a cross-linker followed by in situ chimeric SiO2 nanoparticle adhesion.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcai Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Feng Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
- Zhejiang Kertice Hi-Tech Fluor-Material Co., LTD
| | - Hailin Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
- Zhejiang Kertice Hi-Tech Fluor-Material Co., LTD
| | - Yuhai Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Meiyu Chen
- School of Textile Science and Engineering
- Xi'an Polytechnic University
- Xi'an 710048
- China
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46
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Dong Y, Qiu Y, Gao D, Zhang K, Zhou K, Yin H, Yi G, Li J, Xia Z, Fu Q. Melanin-mimetic multicolor and low-toxicity hair dye. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33617-33624. [PMID: 35528905 PMCID: PMC9073633 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07466j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Most commercial permanent hair dyeing technologies are based on the oxidative process of p-phenylenediamine and its derivative materials. However, concerns about their toxicological issues have been raised throughout the years. Herein, we report an innovative surface coloration strategy for fabricating melanin-mimetic multicolor and low-toxicity hair dyes through sodium periodate-induced rapid deposition of eumelanin-like polydopamine (PDA) and pheomelanin-like PDA/cysteine co-deposited coatings on the hair surface. The color and morphology of the resulting hair were characterized in detail by several spectroscopy methods and the possible mechanism for the multi-coloring effects and structural differences of the melanin-mimetic coating was proposed. Our strategy eliminates the use of toxic dye precursors or organic solvents, and the favorable safety of the PDA-based formulations is demonstrated. The fabricated dyes can be applied to hair simply by combing, resulting in uniform multi-coloring effects within a short time. Furthermore, the melanin-mimetic hair dyes have excellent durability and ultraviolet protection performance. This work provides a facile and versatile methodology to develop the next generation of safe, sustainable and multicolor hair dyes and pave new avenues for advancing the field of surface coloration, nanoreactors, nanogenerators, energy storage materials and biomimetic sensing devices. This study developed novel approaches for melanin-mimetic multicolor and low-toxicity hair dye through rapid deposition of PDA-based coatings on hair.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Dong
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Yan Qiu
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
| | - Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
| | - Kailian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
| | - Kai Zhou
- Analytical and Testing Center
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Honggang Yin
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
| | - Gaoyi Yi
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
| | - Jun Li
- Institute of Engineering Thermophysics
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing 400030
- China
| | - Zhining Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chongqing University
- Chongqing
- China
| | - Qifeng Fu
- School of Pharmacy
- Southwest Medical University
- Luzhou
- China
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47
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Surface functionalization of polytetrafluoroethylene substrate with hybrid processes comprising plasma treatment and chemical reactions. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2018; 173:77-84. [PMID: 30267957 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) exhibits excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability and has been widely used in medical fields for the preparation of implantable medical devices. However, the implantation of PTFE in living systems results in inflammation reactions and infections at the surface thus limits its long-term applications. For PTFE surface modification, we examined the effects of mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) coating and the further introduction of functional groups. During PDA coating, the plasma pretreatment on PTFE enhanced the stability of the PDA coating layer. Furthermore, the introduction of functional groups on the PDA layer was carried out using reactive functional groups for the photoinduced graft polymerization of methacrylate. For instance, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) could be polymerized from the surface of the substrate. These chemical modifications were confirmed step by step using spectroscopes to obtain the hydrophilic surface of the poly(MPC)-modified PTFE. The protein adsorption behaviors on PTFE and poly(MPC)-modified PTFE were compared to understand biocompatibility characteristics of these substrates. The surface of PTFE was immediately covered with albumin and the contact between the substrate and the serum resulted in an increase in the fibrinogen composition with time. On the other hand, fewer proteins were adsorbed on the poly(MPC)-modified PTFE substrate. Thus, this modification procedure would serve as a strategy for safer alterations in PTFE surfaces to expand the life span of the PTFE-carrying medical devices in living systems.
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