1
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Hassan HK, Hoffmann P, Jacob T. Effect of Guest Solvents on the Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Performance of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Magnesium Semi-Solid Electrolytes. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301362. [PMID: 37889091 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing suitable electrolytes is crucial for the advancement of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown a great interest in the field of solid electrolytes for metal ion batteries. However, the ionic conductivity as well as the electrolyte stability in the presence of Mg electrodes are shown to be strongly dependent on the guest solvent used to solvate Mg salts in MOFsSEs. Our measurements showed that full evacuation of the MOF structure before semi-solid electrolytes (sSEs) preparation is crucial for achieving relatively low Mg overpotentials regardless of the ionic conductivity values. Moreover, the behavior of the anode/MOFsSEs interfaces (MOF: α-Mg3 [HCOO]6 ; Mg salt : MgCl2 -Mg[TFSI]2 (1 : 1 wt %); guest solvent: acetone, DMF, DEG, DME and tetraglyme) was investigated by EIS, CV and galvanostatic measurements. The current comparative study of the electrochemical deposition processes of magnesium from MOFsSEs revealed that magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions vary depending on the MOF structure, the guest anion species as well as the nature of the guest solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar K Hassan
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul Hoffmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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2
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Ponomar M, Ruleva V, Sarapulova V, Pismenskaya N, Nikonenko V, Maryasevskaya A, Anokhin D, Ivanov D, Sharma J, Kulshrestha V, Améduri B. Structural Characterization and Physicochemical Properties of Functionally Porous Proton-Exchange Membrane Based on PVDF-SPA Graft Copolymers. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:598. [PMID: 38203772 PMCID: PMC10779367 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorinated proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) based on graft copolymers of dehydrofluorinated polyvinylidene fluoride (D-PVDF), 3-sulfopropyl acrylate (SPA), and 1H, 1H, 2H-perfluoro-1-hexene (PFH) were prepared via free radical copolymerization and characterized for fuel cell application. The membrane morphology and physical properties were studied via small-(SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), SEM, and DSC. It was found that the crystallinity degree is 17% for PEM-RCF (co-polymer with SPA) and 16% for PEM-RCF-2 (copolymer with SPA and PFH). The designed membranes possess crystallite grains of 5-6 nm in diameter. SEM images reveal a structure with open pores on the surface of diameters from 20 to 140 nm. Their transport and electrochemical characterization shows that the lowest membrane area resistance (0.9 Ωcm2) is comparable to perfluorosulfonic acid PEMs (such as Nafion®) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) based CJMC cation-exchange membranes (ChemJoy Polymer Materials, China). Key transport and physicochemical properties of new and commercial membranes were compared. The PEM-RCF permeability to NaCl diffusion is rather high, which is due to a relatively low concentration of fixed sulfonate groups. Voltammetry confers that the electrochemical behavior of new PEM correlates to that of commercial cation-exchange membranes, while the ionic conductivity reveals an impact of the extended pores, as in track-etched membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponomar
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Valentina Ruleva
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Veronika Sarapulova
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Natalia Pismenskaya
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
| | - Alina Maryasevskaya
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Denis Anokhin
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
| | - Dimitri Ivanov
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Federal Research Center of Problems of Chemical Physics and Medicinal Chemistry Russian Academy of Sciences, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
- Center for Genetics and Life Science, Sirius University of Science and Technology, 354340 Sochi, Russia
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse-IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Jeet Sharma
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vaibhav Kulshrestha
- Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute (CSIR-CSMCRI), Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bruno Améduri
- Faculty of Fundamental Physical and Chemical Engineering, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia (B.A.)
- Institute Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 34000 Montpellier, France;
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3
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Fan X, Ou Y, Yang H, Yang H, Qu T, Zhang Q, Cheng F, Hu F, Liu H, Xu Z, Gong C. Composite proton exchange membrane for fuel cells based on chitosan modified by acid-base amphoteric nanoparticles. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 254:127796. [PMID: 37923030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Currently, achieving a simultaneous improvement in proton conductivity and mechanical properties is a key challenge in using chitosan (CS) as a proton exchange membrane (PEM) substrate in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Herein, a novel nanofiller-zwitterionic molecule, (3-(3-aminopropyl) dimethylammonio) propane-1-sulfonate, ADPS)-modified polydopamine (PDA) (PDA-ADPS) was synthesized by the Michael addition reaction and was incorporated into a CS matrix to prepare CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes. PDA-ADPS, which contains an acid-based ion pair can create new proton conduction channels in the composite membrane, improving proton conductivity. The proton conductivity of the CS/PDA-ADPS composite membrane was as high as 38.4 mS cm-1 at 80 °C. Moreover, due to the excellent compatibility and dispersibility of PDA-ADPS in the CS matrix, the obtained CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes exhibited favorable mechanical properties. Such outstanding proton conductivity and mechanical properties guarantee good performance of the composite membranes in fuel cells. The peak power density of the CS/PDA-ADPS composite membranes was 30.2 mW cm-2 at 70 °C. This work provides a new strategy for fabricating high-performance CS based PEMs for DMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjian Fan
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Ying Ou
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
| | - Huiyu Yang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Ting Qu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Quanyuan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fan Cheng
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Fuqiang Hu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Hai Liu
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China
| | - Zushun Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Chunli Gong
- Hubei Engineering & Technology Research Center for Functional Materials from Biomass, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan, Hubei 432000, China.
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4
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Palanisamy G, Thangarasu S, Oh TH. Effect of Sulfonated Inorganic Additives Incorporated Hybrid Composite Polymer Membranes on Enhancing the Performance of Microbial Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051294. [PMID: 36904534 PMCID: PMC10006918 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) provide considerable benefits in the energy and environmental sectors for producing bioenergy during bioremediation. Recently, new hybrid composite membranes with inorganic additives have been considered for MFC application to replace the high cost of commercial membranes and improve the performances of cost-effective polymers, such as MFC membranes. The homogeneous impregnation of inorganic additives in the polymer matrix effectively enhances the physicochemical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities and prevents the crossover of substrate and oxygen through polymer membranes. However, the typical incorporation of inorganic additives in the membrane decreases the proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity. In this critical review, we systematically explained the impact of sulfonated inorganic additives (such as (sulfonated) sSiO2, sTiO2, sFe3O4, and s-graphene oxide) on different kinds of hybrid polymers (such as PFSA, PVDF, SPEEK, SPAEK, SSEBS, and PBI) membrane for MFC applications. The membrane mechanism and interaction between the polymers and sulfonated inorganic additives are explained. The impact of sulfonated inorganic additives on polymer membranes is highlighted based on the physicochemical, mechanical, and MFC performances. The core understandings in this review can provide vital direction for future development.
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5
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Effects of microstructure on the retention of proton conductivity of Nafion/SiO2 composite membranes at elevated temperatures:An in situ SAXS study. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
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6
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Modified Cellulose Proton-Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030659. [PMID: 36771960 PMCID: PMC9920170 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is an excellent energy device in which direct conversion of methanol to energy occurs, resulting in a high energy conversion rate. For DMFCs, fluoropolymer copolymers are considered excellent proton-exchange membranes (PEMs). However, the high cost and high methanol permeability of commercial membranes are major obstacles to overcome in achieving higher performance in DMFCs. Novel developments have focused on various reliable materials to decrease costs and enhance DMFC performance. From this perspective, cellulose-based materials have been effectively considered as polymers and additives with multiple concepts to develop PEMs for DMFCs. In this review, we have extensively discussed the advances and utilization of cost-effective cellulose materials (microcrystalline cellulose, nanocrystalline cellulose, cellulose whiskers, cellulose nanofibers, and cellulose acetate) as PEMs for DMFCs. By adding cellulose or cellulose derivatives alone or into the PEM matrix, the performance of DMFCs is attained progressively. To understand the impact of different structures and compositions of cellulose-containing PEMs, they have been classified as functionalized cellulose, grafted cellulose, acid-doped cellulose, cellulose blended with different polymers, and composites with inorganic additives.
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7
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Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Containing Functionalized Organic/Inorganic Composite for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214252. [PMID: 36430726 PMCID: PMC9694323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the dependence on fossil fuels and the associated global warming issues, numerous studies have focused on the development of eco-friendly energy conversion devices such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that directly convert chemical energy into electrical energy. As one of the key components in PEMFCs, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) should have high proton conductivity and outstanding physicochemical stability during operation. Although the perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA)-based PEMs and some of the hydrocarbon-based PEMs composed of rationally designed polymer structures are found to meet these criteria, there is an ongoing and pressing need to improve and fine-tune these further, to be useful in practical PEMFC operation. Incorporation of organic/inorganic fillers into the polymer matrix is one of the methods shown to be effective for controlling target PEM properties including thermal stability, mechanical properties, and physical stability, as well as proton conductivity. Functionalization of organic/inorganic fillers is critical to optimize the filler efficiency and dispersion, thus resulting in significant improvements to PEM properties. This review focused on the structural engineering of functionalized carbon and silica-based fillers and comparisons of the resulting PEM properties. Newly constructed composite membranes were compared to composite membrane containing non-functionalized fillers or pure polymer matrix membrane without fillers.
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8
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Awad S, Abdel‐Hady EE, Mohamed HFM, Elsharkawy YS, Gomaa MM. Evaluation of transport mechanism and nanostructure of nonperfluorinated
PVA
/
sPTA
proton exchange membrane for fuel cell application. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somia Awad
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
- Physics Department, Al‐Qunfudah University College Umm Al‐Qura University Mecca Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mahmoud M. Gomaa
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science Minia University Minia Egypt
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9
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Du C, Hu J, Chen F. Thin‐film nanocomposite forward osmosis membrane with polydopamine @
UiO‐66‐NH
2
‐modified polypropylene support and its antifouling property. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Du
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Jintai Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
| | - Fen Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China
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10
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Prasetya N, Himma NF, Sutrisna PD, Wenten IG. Recent advances in dual-filler mixed matrix membranes. REV CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have been widely developed as an attractive solution to overcome the drawbacks found in most polymer membranes, such as permeability-selectivity trade-off and low physicochemical stability. Numerous fillers based on inorganic, organic, and hybrid materials with various structures including porous or nonporous, and two-dimensional or three-dimensional, have been used. Demanded to further improve the characteristics and performances of the MMMs, the use of dual-filler instead of a single filler has then been proposed, from which multiple effects could be obtained. This article aims to review the recent development of MMMs with dual filler and discuss their performances in diverse potential applications. Challenges in this emerging field and outlook for future research are finally provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholaus Prasetya
- Research Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Barrer Centre, Imperial College London , Exhibition Road , London SW7 2AZ , UK
| | - Nurul Faiqotul Himma
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Brawijaya , Jalan Mayjen Haryono 167 , Malang 65145 , Indonesia
| | - Putu Doddy Sutrisna
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Universitas Surabaya , Jalan Raya Kalirungkut (Tenggilis) , Surabaya 60293 , Indonesia
| | - I Gede Wenten
- Research Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Institut Teknologi Bandung , Jalan Ganesha 10 , Bandung 40132 , Indonesia
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11
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Rath R, Mohanty S, Nayak SK, Unnikrishnan L. Surface architecture and proton conduction in SPVDF-co-HFP based nanocomposite membrane for fuel cell applications: Influence of aprotic solvent mixture. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Facile Fabrication of Multi-Hydrogen Bond Self-Assembly Poly(MAAc-co-MAAm) Hydrogel Modified PVDF Ultrafiltration Membrane to Enhance Anti-Fouling Property. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100761. [PMID: 34677527 PMCID: PMC8537210 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a facile preparation method was proposed to reduce natural organics fouling of hydrophobic membrane via UV grafting polymerization with methacrylic acid (MAAc) and methyl acrylamide (MAAm) as hydrophilic monomers, followed by multihydrogen bond self-assembly. The resulting poly(vinylidene fluoride)-membranes were characterized with respect to monomer ratio, chemical structure and morphology, surface potential, and water contact angle, as well as water flux and organic foulants ultrafiltration property. The results indicated that the optimal membrane modified with a poly(MAAc-co-MAAm) polymer gel layer derived from a 1:1 monomer ratio exhibited superior hydrophilicity and excellent gel layer stability, even after ultrasonic treatment or soaking in acid or alkaline aqueous solution. The initial water contact angle of modified membranes was only 36.6° ± 2.9, and dropped to 0° within 13 s. Moreover, flux recovery rates (FRR) of modified membranes tested by bovine serum albumin (BSA), humic acid (HA), and sodium alginate (SA) solution, respectively, were all above 90% after one-cycle filtration (2 h), significantly higher than that of the pure membrane (70–76%). The total fouling rates (Rt) of the pure membrane for three foulants were as high as 47.8–56.2%, while the Rt values for modified membranes were less than 30.8%. Where Rt of BSA dynamic filtration was merely 10.7%. The membrane designed through grafting a thin-layer hydrophilic hydrogel possessed a robust antifouling property and stability, which offers new insights for applications in pure water treatment or protein purification.
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13
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Ryu SK, Kim AR, Vinothkannan M, Lee KH, Chu JY, Yoo DJ. Enhancing Physicochemical Properties and Single Cell Performance of Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether) (SPAE) Membrane by Incorporation of Phosphotungstic Acid and Graphene Oxide: A Potential Electrolyte for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13142364. [PMID: 34301122 PMCID: PMC8309513 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of potential and novel proton exchange membranes (PEMs) is imperative for the further commercialization of PEM fuel cells (PEMFCs). In this work, phosphotungstic acid (PWA) and graphene oxide (GO) were integrated into sulfonated poly(arylene ether) (SPAE) through a solution casting approach to create a potential composite membrane for PEMFC applications. Thermal stability of membranes was observed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the SPAE/GO/PWA membranes exhibited high thermal stability compared to pristine SPAE membranes, owing to the interaction between SPAEK, GO, and PWA. By using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM), we observed that GO and PWA were evenly distributed throughout the SPAE matrix. The SPAE/GO/PWA composite membrane comprising 0.7 wt% GO and 36 wt% PWA exhibited a maximum proton conductivity of 186.3 mS cm-1 at 90 °C under 100% relative humidity (RH). As a result, SPAE/GO/PWA composite membrane exhibited 193.3 mW cm-2 of the maximum power density at 70 °C under 100% RH in PEMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Kwan Ryu
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21 FOUR), Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21 FOUR), Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.R.K.); (D.J.Y.)
| | - Mohanraj Vinothkannan
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Ji Young Chu
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School (BK21 FOUR), Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; (K.H.L.); (J.Y.C.)
- R&D Education Center for Whole Life Cycle R&D of Fuel Cell Systems, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Jeollabuk-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (A.R.K.); (D.J.Y.)
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14
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A Robust Composite Proton Exchange Membrane of Sulfonated Poly (Fluorenyl Ether Ketone) with an Electrospun Polyimide Mat for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells Application. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040523. [PMID: 33578764 PMCID: PMC7916468 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As a key component of direct methanol fuel cells, proton exchange membranes with suitable thickness and robust mechanical properties have attracted increasing attention. On the one hand, a thinner membrane gives a lower internal resistance, which contributes highly to the overall electrochemical performance of the cell, on the other hand, strong mechanical strength is required for the application of proton exchange membranes. In this work, a sulfonated poly (fluorenyl ether ketone) (SPFEK)-impregnated polyimide nanofiber mat composite membrane (PI@SPFEK) was fabricated. The new composite membrane with a thickness of about 55 μm exhibited a tensile strength of 35.1 MPa in a hydrated state, which is about 65.8% higher than that of the pristine SPFEK membrane. The antioxidant stability test in Fenton’s reagent shows that the reinforced membrane affords better oxidation stability than does the pristine SPFEK membrane. Furthermore, the morphology, proton conductivity, methanol permeability, and fuel cell performance were carefully evaluated and discussed.
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15
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16
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Saminathan A, Krishnasamy S, Venkatachalam G. Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of a Silica Bead-Embedded Porous Fluoropolymer Composite Matrix for Li-Ion Batteries. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c04180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ganesh Venkatachalam
- Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division (EEC), CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute (CSIR-CECRI), Karaikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
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Cellular Polyolefin Composites as Piezoelectric Materials: Properties and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112698. [PMID: 33207700 PMCID: PMC7697639 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Piezoelectric polymers characterized by flexibility are sought for applications in microelectronics, medicine, telecommunications, and everyday devices. The objective of this work was to obtain piezoelectric polymeric composites with a cellular structure and to evaluate their usefulness in practice. Composites based on polyolefins (isotactic-polypropylene and polyethylene) with the addition of aluminosilicate fillers were manufactured by extrusion, and then polarized in a constant electric field at 100 V/µm. The content of mineral fillers up to 10 wt% in the polymer matrix enhances its electric stability and mechanical strength. The value of the piezoelectric coefficient d33 attained ~150 pC/N in the range of lower stresses and ~80 pC/N in the range of higher stresses, i.e., at ~120 kPa. The materials exhibited high durability in time, therefore, they can be used as transducers of mechanical energy of the human motion into electric energy. It was demonstrated that one shoe insert generates an energy of 1.1 mJ after a person walks for 300 s. The miniaturized integrated circuits based on polyolefin composites may be applied for the power supply of portable electronics. Due to their high sensitivity, they can be recommended for measuring the blood pulse.
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18
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Multiscale Structural Evolution and Its Relationship to Dielectric Properties of Micro-/Nano-Layer Coextruded PVDF-HFP/PC Films. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112596. [PMID: 33167315 PMCID: PMC7694327 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An understanding of the structural evolution in micro-/nano-layer co-extrusion process is essential to fabricate high-performance multilayered products. Therefore, in this work, we reveal systematically the multiscale structural development, involving both the layer architecture and microstructure within layers of micro-/nano-layer coextruded polymer films, as well as its relationship to dielectric properties, based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polycarbonate (PC) system. Interestingly, layer architecture and morphology show strong dependences on the nominal layer thicknesses. Particularly, with layer thickness reduced to nanometer scale, interfacial instabilities triggered by viscoelastic differences between components emerge with the creation of micro-droplets and micro-sheets. Films show an enhanced crystallization with the formation of two-dimensional (2D) spherulites in microlayer coextruded systems and the oriented in-plane lamellae in nanolayer coextruded counterparts, where layer breakup in the thinner layers further changes the crystallization behaviors. These macro- and microscopic structures, developed from the co-extrusion process, substantially influence the dielectric properties of coextruded films. Mechanism responsible for dielectric performance is further proposed by considering these effects of multiscale structure on the dipole switching and charge hopping in the multilayered structures. This work clearly demonstrates how the multiscale structural evolution during the micro-/nano-layer coextrusion process can control the dielectric properties of multilayered products.
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19
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Ruparelia N, Soni U, Desai RP, Ray A. Silica anchored colloidal suspension of magnetite nanorods. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2020.121574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Wang X, Wu C, Zhu T, Li P, Xia S. The hierarchical flower-like MoS 2 nanosheets incorporated into PES mixed matrix membranes for enhanced separation performance. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 256:127099. [PMID: 32470733 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling is an issue of concern due to the hydrophobic properties of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane when applied in water treatment. In this work, a facile hydrothermal method was utilized to synthesize hierarchical flower-like structured molybdenum disulfide nanosheets (HF-MoS2 NSs) that then incorporated into PES membranes as composite membranes. We characterized their permeability, the separation performance, the antifouling performance, and the antibacterial activity systematically. Results showed that composite membranes exhibited a better pure water flux (286 LMH/bar) at the HF-MoS2 NSs content of 0.4 wt%, which was 1.8 times higher than the control membrane. Also, composite PES membranes achieved 98.2% and 96.9% rejection of BSA and HA in comparison with the control PES membrane (87.3%, and 84.5%, respectively). Compare to the control PES membrane, the flux recovery ratio of the composite membrane increased from 69% to 88% for BSA fouling and increased from 84% to 93% for HA fouling. The retention rate for the organic dyes also improved slightly after HF-MoS2 NSs incorporation into the membrane. Additionally, the composite membranes exhibited a relatively high antibacterial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis with antibacterial rates of 67.8% and 82.5%, respectively. In conclusion, HF-MoS2 NSs incorporated composite membranes were shown to have outstanding filtration performance and could be a promising candidate for practical application in water filtration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tongren Zhu
- Arcadis-US, Inc, 1717 West 6 Street #210, Austin, TX, 78703, USA
| | - Pan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengji Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, China.
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21
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Wang Y, You J, Cheng Z, Jiang K, Zhang L, Cai W, Liu YQ, Li S. A promising Al-CeZrO4/HPW-incorporated SPEEK composite membrane with improved proton conductivity and chemical stability for PEM fuel cells. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320957076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An improved sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) nanocomposite membrane was prepared by incorporating both phosphotungstic acid (HPW) and Al doped cerium-based oxides (Al-CeZrO4) in SPEEK matrix. The HPW was immobilized by Al-CeZrO4 so that firmly dispersed acid–base pairs were formed. The introduction of Al-CeZrO4 helped improve the chemical stability of the pristine (baseline) SPEEK membrane without compromising the conductivity, and the addition of HPW further enhanced the conduction of protons through acid–base interactions. Stability tests showed that when the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane was immersed in a Fenton’s solution for 108 h at 80°C, a loss of 34.9% in proton conductivity was observed, which is 24.1% less than that of the pristine SPEEK membrane, indicating that the attenuation of membrane proton conductivity was inhibited. At the same time, the proton conductivity of the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4/HPW nanocomposite membrane (that has already incorporated HPW) was increased by 15.5% compared to the SPEEK/Al-CeZrO4 nanocomposite membrane. Hence, Al-CeZrO4/HPW is considered as an effective inorganic nanofiller for improving both proton conductivity and chemical stability of SPEEK membranes, and the hybrid composite membrane is worth further studying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfeng Wang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiabin You
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Linlin Zhang
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wanli Cai
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun-Quan Liu
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuirong Li
- College of Energy, iChEM, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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22
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Liu J, Zhou Y, Yi K, Zhang S, Shao T, Zhang C, Chu B. Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Treatment on the Dielectric Properties of Poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF)-Based Copolymer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061370. [PMID: 32570697 PMCID: PMC7362176 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanism of dielectric breakdown is important for improving the breakdown field of a polymer. In this work, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) treatment was applied to one surface of P(VDF-CTFE) (vinylidene fluoride-chlorotrifluoroethylene) film, and the dielectric properties of the film were studied. When the treated surface was connected to the high potential side of the power source for the breakdown test, the breakdown field of the treated film was significantly reduced compared to that of the pristine film. Based on the characterization results for the surface chemistry and morphology, it was proposed that the phenomenon was caused by the combined effects of hole injection from the metal electrode and the damage of polymer chains near the surface of the polymer film after the DBD treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Kewang Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.Y.)
| | - Shihai Zhang
- Strategic Polymer Sciences, Inc., 200 Innovation Boulevard, State College, PA 16803, USA;
| | - Tao Shao
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (T.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; (T.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Baojin Chu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China; (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (K.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0551-6360-7397
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23
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Junoh H, Jaafar J, Nordin NAHM, Ismail AF, Othman MHD, Rahman MA, Aziz F, Yusof N. Performance of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application: Perspective on Morphological Structure. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E34. [PMID: 32106509 PMCID: PMC7142913 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Membrane morphology plays a great role in determining the performance of polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), especially for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications. Membrane morphology can be divided into two types, which are dense and porous structures. Membrane fabrication methods have different configurations, including dense, thin and thick, layered, sandwiched and pore-filling membranes. All these types of membranes possess the same densely packed structural morphology, which limits the transportation of protons, even at a low methanol crossover. This paper summarizes our work on the development of PEMs with various structures and architecture that can affect the membrane's performance, in terms of microstructures and morphologies, for potential applications in DMFCs. An understanding of the transport behavior of protons and methanol within the pores' limits could give some perspective in the delivery of new porous electrolyte membranes for DMFC applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazlina Junoh
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Juhana Jaafar
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia;
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Mukhlis A. Rahman
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Farhana Aziz
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
| | - Norhaniza Yusof
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai 81310, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; (H.J.); (A.F.I.); (M.H.D.O.); (M.A.R.); (F.A.); (N.Y.)
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24
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Lavanya G, Paradesi D, Hemalatha P. Development of proton conducting polymer nanocomposite membranes based on SPVdF-HFP and graphene oxide for H2-O2 fuel cells. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1691455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gopi Lavanya
- Department of Chemistry, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | - Deivanayagam Paradesi
- Department of Chemistry, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Kancheepuram, India
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25
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Che Q, Li Z, Pan B, Duan X, Jia T, Liu L. Fabrication of layered membrane electrolytes with spin coating technique as anhydrous proton exchange membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:722-730. [PMID: 31416027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spin coating technique is a simple and effective method to fabricate layered membranes and it has been widely used in the field of energy storage and transformation, biomaterials and electronics. The aim of this work is to develop anhydrous proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on cheap polymers bearing the simple structure with spin coating technique. Successful fabrication of anhydrous PEMs based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals and phosphoric acid (PA) molecules has been demonstrated by identification of high and stable proton conductivity. Specifically, (PVDF-CdTe-PA)5/85%PA membranes present the maximum proton conductivity of 7.70 × 10-2 S/cm at 160 °C and 1.42 × 10-2 S/cm at 140 °C lasting 620 h. The decreased proton conduction resistance is revealed from the drastic reduction of activation energy (Ea) owing to the layered structure and the adsorption of PA molecules. The introduction of CdTe nanocrystals to form the organic/inorganic composite membranes that is substantially more effective at improving proton conductivity and stiffness, showing great promise in solving the dilemma of proton conductivity and mechanical property. This study provides the support to exploit anhydrous PEMs with more cheap polymers using spin coating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantong Che
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiangqing Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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26
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Shabanpanah S, Omrani A. Improved proton conductivity and methanol permeability of PVA-based proton exchange membranes using diphenylamine-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt and silica nanoparticles. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2018.1563139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abdollah Omrani
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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27
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Guo X, Xu Y, Wang K, Zha F, Tang X, Tian H. Synthesis of magnetic CuFe2O4 self-assembled hollow nanospheres and its application for degrading methylene blue. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-019-03994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Chu JY, Lee KH, Kim AR, Yoo DJ. Improved Physicochemical Stability and High Ion Transportation of Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone) Blocks Containing a Fluorinated Hydrophobic Part for Anion Exchange Membrane Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1400. [PMID: 30961325 PMCID: PMC6401760 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of anion exchange membranes composed of partially fluorinated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s (PAESs) multiblock copolymers bearing quaternary ammonium groups were synthesized with controlled lengths of the hydrophilic precursor and hydrophobic oligomer via direct polycondensation. The chloromethylation and quaternization proceeded well by optimizing the reaction conditions to improve hydroxide conductivity and physical stability, and the fabricated membranes were very flexible and transparent. Atomic force microscope images of quaternized PAES (QN-PAES) membranes showed excellent hydrophilic/hydrophobic phase separation and distinct ion transition channels. An extended architecture of phase separation was observed by increasing the hydrophilic oligomer length, which resulted in significant improvements in the water uptake, ion exchange capacity, and hydroxide conductivity. Furthermore, the open circuit voltage (OCV) of QN-PAES X10Y23 and X10Y13 was found to be above 0.9 V, and the maximum power density of QN-PAES X10Y13 was 131.7 mW cm-2 at 60 °C under 100% RH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Chu
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Kyu Ha Lee
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- R&D Center for CANUTECH, Business Incubation Center and Department of Bioenvironmental Chemistry, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
- Department of Life Science, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
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29
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Dong XY, Wang JH, Liu SS, Han Z, Tang QJ, Li FF, Zang SQ. Synergy between Isomorphous Acid and Basic Metal-Organic Frameworks for Anhydrous Proton Conduction of Low-Cost Hybrid Membranes at High Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:38209-38216. [PMID: 30360073 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b12846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) embedded in polymer have showed efficiency in improving proton conduction of hybrid membranes under hydrated conditions. However, anhydrous proton conduction of such hybrid membranes over 100 °C remains great challenge. Here, proton conductive hybrid membranes combined acid group (-SO3H)- and basic group (-NH2)-modified isomorphous MOFs, namely UiO-66(SO3H) (abbreviated as A, the initial of acid) and UiO-66(NH2) (abbreviated as B, the initial of basic) and a low-cost polymer (chitosan, CS) were prepared. The proton conductivity of the optimum dual MOF-cofilled hybrid membranes (CS/A + B) reached 3.78 × 10-3 S/cm at 120 °C and under anhydrous conditions, under which each component, that is MOF A, MOF B and CS, and single MOF-filled hybrid membranes (CS/A and CS/B) nearly lost proton conduction without exception, producing unprecedented results of one plus one more greater than two. The synergistic effects among UiO-66(SO3H), UiO-66(NH2), and CS on improving conductivity are also observed under hydrated conditions, the highest proton conductivity of CS/A + B reached 5.2 × 10-2 S/cm, which is 1.86, compared to that of the pure CS membrane at 100 °C and 98% relative humidity. The anhydrous proton conductivity of CS/A + B over 100 °C is one of the highest for MOF-based hybrid membranes. MOFs and hybrid membranes were extensively characterized and the proton conductive mechanism was revealed. The achievements open a new avenue for MOF-based anhydrous proton-conducting membranes and would advance the exploration of future application of these MOFs in fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yan Dong
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion , Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000 , China
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Jun-Hao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion , Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000 , China
| | - Shan-Shan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion , Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000 , China
| | - Zhen Han
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
| | - Qing-Jie Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion , Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000 , China
| | - Fei-Fei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Coal Green Conversion , Henan Polytechnic University , Jiaozuo 454000 , China
| | - Shuang-Quan Zang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450001 , China
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30
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Chen N, Wang D, Long C, Li Y, Lu C, Wang F, Zhu H. Magnetic field-oriented ferroferric oxide/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) hybrid membranes for anion exchange membrane applications. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:18680-18689. [PMID: 30265268 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr06048g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Concentrating on the ion conductivity of anion exchange membranes (AEMs), we present a magnetic-field-oriented strategy to address the insufficient ion conductivity and the lifetime problem of AEMs used in alkali membrane fuel cells (AMFCs). Magnetic ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) is functionalized with quaternary ammonium (QA) groups to endow the QA-Fe3O4 with ion-exchange ability. A series of aligned QA-Fe3O4/poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) hybrid membranes were fabricated by doping QA-Fe3O4 in a triple-ammonium-functionalized PPO (TA-PPO) solution in an applied magnetic field. The structure of aligned QA-Fe3O4 in the TA-PPO membrane is clearly observed by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). More importantly, the aligned QA-Fe3O4 constructs successive and effective ion-transport channels in the QA-Fe3O4/TA-PPO membrane, which dramatically improves the ion conductivity of the membranes. Notably, the magnetic-field-induced ion channels (MICs) are different from microscopic phase-induced ion channels (PICs). These MICs display much shorter ion transport distances and broader water channels than traditional PICs in AEMs. The aligned QA-Fe3O4/TA-PPO hybrid membrane displays a further 55% increase in ion conductivity after magnetic-field orientation compared to the normal QA-Fe3O4/TA-PPO membrane. Surprisingly, the aligned QA-Fe3O4 also improves the alkali stability and fuel cell performance of the hybrid membrane. The aligned 6%-QA-Fe3O4/TA-PPO hybrid membrane realizes a maximal power density of 224 mW cm-2. In summary, this work provides a novel and effective method to prepare high-performance AEMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China.
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