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Jeong N, Epsztein R, Wang R, Park S, Lin S, Tong T. Exploring the Knowledge Attained by Machine Learning on Ion Transport across Polyamide Membranes Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17851-17862. [PMID: 36917705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have increasingly applied machine learning (ML) to aid in performance and material design associated with membrane separation. However, whether the knowledge attained by ML with a limited number of available data is enough to capture and validate the fundamental principles of membrane science remains elusive. Herein, we applied explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) to thoroughly investigate the knowledge learned by ML on the mechanisms of ion transport across polyamide reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes by leveraging 1,585 data from 26 membrane types. The Shapley additive explanation method based on cooperative game theory was used to unveil the influences of various ion and membrane properties on the model predictions. XAI shows that the ML can capture the important roles of size exclusion and electrostatic interaction in regulating membrane separation properly. XAI also identifies that the mechanisms governing ion transport possess different relative importance to cation and anion rejections during RO and NF filtration. Overall, we provide a framework to evaluate the knowledge underlying the ML model prediction and demonstrate that ML is able to learn fundamental mechanisms of ion transport across polyamide membranes, highlighting the importance of elucidating model interpretability for more reliable and explainable ML applications to membrane selection and design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohyeong Jeong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Razi Epsztein
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Shinyun Park
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Sulfonated polymer coating enhances selective removal of calcium in membrane capacitive deionization. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Wang R, Zhang J, Tang CY, Lin S. Understanding Selectivity in Solute-Solute Separation: Definitions, Measurements, and Comparability. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:2605-2616. [PMID: 35072469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c06176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The development of membranes capable of precise solute-solute separation is still in its burgeoning stage without a standardized protocol for evaluating selectivity. Three types of membrane processes with different driving forces, including pressure-driven filtration, concentration difference-driven diffusion, and electric field-driven ion migration, have been applied in this study to characterize solute-solute selectivity of a commercial nanofiltration membrane. Our results demonstrated that selectivity values measured using different methods, or even different conditions with the same method, are generally not comparable. The cross-method incomparability is true for both apparent selectivity, defined as the ratio between concentration-normalized fluxes, and the more intrinsic selectivity, defined as the ratio between the permeabilities of solutes through the active separation layer. The difference in selectivity measured using different methods possibly stems from the fundamental differences in the driving force of ion transport, the effect of water transport, and the interaction between cations and anions. We further demonstrated the difference in selectivity measured using feed solutions containing single-salt species and that containing mixed salts. A consistent protocol with standardized testing conditions to facilitate fair performance comparison between studies is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
| | - Junwei Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chuyang Y Tang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
- Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1831, United States
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Siekierka A, Smolińska-Kempisty K, Wolska J. Enhanced Specific Mechanism of Separation by Polymeric Membrane Modification-A Short Review. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120942. [PMID: 34940443 PMCID: PMC8705657 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies have found a significant application in separation processes in an exceeding range of industrial fields. The crucial part that is decided regarding the efficiency and effectivity of separation is the type of membrane. The membranes deal with separation problems, working under the various mechanisms of transportation of selected species. This review compares significant types of entrapped matter (ions, compounds, and particles) within membrane technology. The ion-exchange membranes, molecularly imprinted membranes, smart membranes, and adsorptive membranes are investigated. Here, we focus on the selective separation through the above types of membranes and detect their preparation methods. Firstly, the explanation of transportation and preparation of each type of membrane evaluated is provided. Next, the working and application phenomena are evaluated. Finally, the review discusses the membrane modification methods and briefly provides differences in the properties that occurred depending on the type of materials used and the modification protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Siekierka
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Smolińska-Kempisty
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
| | - Joanna Wolska
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (K.S.-K.); (J.W.); Tel.: +48-71-320-36-55 (A.S.); +48-71-320-59-29 (K.S.-K.); +48-71-320-23-83 (J.W.)
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Evdochenko E, Kamp J, Dunkel R, Nikonenko V, Wessling M. Charge distribution in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration membranes affects ion separation and scaling propensity. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kadel S, Deboli F, Perreault V, Donten ML, Bazinet L. Ionomer‐coated filtration membranes as an alternative to ion‐exchange membranes for demineralization by electrodialysis. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabita Kadel
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes (LTAPEM) Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - Francesco Deboli
- Department of Chemical Engineering KU Leuven Leuven Belgium
- Amer‐Sil SA Kehlen Luxembourg
| | - Véronique Perreault
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes (LTAPEM) Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | | | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Dairy Science and Technology Research Centre (STELA) and Department of Food Sciences Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
- Laboratory of Food Processing and Electromembrane Processes (LTAPEM) Université Laval Quebec QC Canada
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Zhao Y, Tong T, Wang X, Lin S, Reid EM, Chen Y. Differentiating Solutes with Precise Nanofiltration for Next Generation Environmental Separations: A Review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1359-1376. [PMID: 33439001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c04593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective removal or enrichment of targeted solutes including micropollutants, valuable elements, and mineral scalants from complex aqueous matrices is both challenging and pivotal to the success of water purification and resource recovery from unconventional water resources. Membrane separation with precision at the subnanometer or even subangstrom scale is of paramount importance to address those challenges via enabling "fit-for-purpose" water and wastewater treatment. So far, researchers have attempted to develop novel membrane materials with precise and tailored selectivity by tuning membrane structure and chemistry. In this critical review, we first present the environmental challenges and opportunities that necessitate improved solute-solute selectivity in membrane separation. We then discuss the mechanisms and desired membrane properties required for better membrane selectivity. On the basis of the most recent progress reported in the literature, we examine the key principles of material design and fabrication, which create membranes with enhanced and more targeted selectivity. We highlight the important roles of surface engineering, nanotechnology, and molecular-level design in improving membrane selectivity. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of highly selective NF membranes for practical environmental applications, identifying knowledge gaps that will guide future research to promote environmental sustainability through more precise and tunable membrane separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangying Zhao
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Tiezheng Tong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Xiaomao Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shihong Lin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Elliot M Reid
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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Unraveling the effect of charge distribution in a polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofiltration membrane on its ion transport properties. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sheldeshov NV, Zabolotsky VI, Karpenko TV, Kovalev NV. A Modified Hydrodynamic Isolation Method to Measure Ion Fluxes and Ion Transport Numbers across an Anion-Exchange Membrane in the Sulfuric Acid–Amine–Amine Salt System. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751620030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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