1
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Espinoza C, Díaz JC, Kitto D, Kim HK, Kamcev J. Bound Water Enhances the Ion Selectivity of Highly Charged Polymer Membranes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39136307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical technologies for water treatment, resource recovery, energy generation, and energy storage rely on charged polymer membranes to selectively transport ions. With the rise of applications involving hypersaline brines, such as management of desalination brine or the recovery of ions from brines, there is an urgent need for membranes that can sustain high conductivity and selectivity under such challenging conditions. Current membranes are constrained by an inherent trade-off between conductivity and selectivity, alongside concerns regarding their high costs. Moreover, a gap in the fundamental understanding of ion transport within charged membranes at high salinities prevents the development of membranes that could meet these stringent requirements efficiently. Here, we present the synthesis of scalable, highly charged membranes that demonstrate high conductivity and selectivity while contacting 1 and 5 molal NaCl solutions. A detailed analysis of the membrane transport properties reveals that the high proportion of bound water in the membranes, enabled by the high charge content and hydrophilic structure of the polymers, enhances both the ion partitioning and diffusion selectivities of the membranes. These structure/property relationships derived from this study offer valuable guidance for designing next-generation membranes that simultaneously achieve exceptional conductivity and selectivity in high-salinity conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Espinoza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - José C Díaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Hyunjik K Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28, 2800 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor 48109, Michigan, United States
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2
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Ozkul S, Arbabzadeh O, Bisselink RJM, Kuipers NJM, Bruning H, Rijnaarts HHM, Dykstra JE. Selective adsorption in ion exchange membranes: The effect of solution ion composition on ion partitioning. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 254:121382. [PMID: 38471202 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Electrodialysis is a water desalination technology that enables selective separation of ions, making it a promising solution for sustainable water reuse. The selectivity of the process is mainly determined by the properties of ion exchange membranes that can vary depending on the composition of ions in water, such as water uptake and charge density. In this work, we studied selective adsorption of Na+ and K+ ions in various ion exchange membranes considering the effect of solution ion composition on membrane water volume fraction. For that purpose, we conducted membrane adsorption experiments using solutions with Na+ and K+ ions with different ion compositions including Li+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ ions at different concentrations (0.001 - 0.25 M). The experiments showed that with the total ion concentration and the amount of divalent ions in solution, the membrane water volume fraction decreases while the selective adsorption of the smaller (hydrated) K+ ions over the Na+ ions in the membrane increases. We developed a theoretical framework based on Boublik-Mansoori-Carnahan-Starling-Leland (BMCSL) theory to describe the effect of membrane water volume fraction on selective adsorption of the ions by including volumetric effects, such as size exclusion. The developed framework was used to describe ion partitioning results of the membrane adsorption experiments. In addition, the effect of solution ion composition on selective ion removal during electrodialysis operation was evaluated using experimental data and theoretical calculations. The results of this study show that considering volumetric effects can improve the ion partitioning description in ion exchange membranes for solutions with various ion compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ozkul
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - O Arbabzadeh
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands; Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 9, Padua 35131, Italy
| | - R J M Bisselink
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - N J M Kuipers
- Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - H Bruning
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - H H M Rijnaarts
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - J E Dykstra
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, Bornse Weilanden 9, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands.
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3
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Tekinalp Ö, Zimmermann P, Holdcroft S, Burheim OS, Deng L. Cation Exchange Membranes and Process Optimizations in Electrodialysis for Selective Metal Separation: A Review. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:566. [PMID: 37367770 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The selective separation of metal species from various sources is highly desirable in applications such as hydrometallurgy, water treatment, and energy production but also challenging. Monovalent cation exchange membranes (CEMs) show a great potential to selectively separate one metal ion over others of the same or different valences from various effluents in electrodialysis. Selectivity among metal cations is influenced by both the inherent properties of membranes and the design and operating conditions of the electrodialysis process. The research progress and recent advances in membrane development and the implication of the electrodialysis systems on counter-ion selectivity are extensively reviewed in this work, focusing on both structure-property relationships of CEM materials and influences of process conditions and mass transport characteristics of target ions. Key membrane properties, such as charge density, water uptake, and polymer morphology, and strategies for enhancing ion selectivity are discussed. The implications of the boundary layer at the membrane surface are elucidated, where differences in the mass transport of ions at interfaces can be exploited to manipulate the transport ratio of competing counter-ions. Based on the progress, possible future R&D directions are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Önder Tekinalp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Pauline Zimmermann
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Steven Holdcroft
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Odne Stokke Burheim
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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4
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Allushi A, Bakvand PM, Jannasch P. Polyfluorenes Bearing N, N-Dimethylpiperidinium Cations on Short Spacers for Durable Anion Exchange Membranes. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c02291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrit Allushi
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00Lund, Sweden
| | - Pegah Mansouri Bakvand
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00Lund, Sweden
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer & Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-221 00Lund, Sweden
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5
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Ion and Water Transport in Ion-Exchange Membranes for Power Generation Systems: Guidelines for Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010034. [PMID: 36613476 PMCID: PMC9820504 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial ion-exchange and other charged membranes, such as biomembranes, are self-organizing nanomaterials built from macromolecules. The interactions of fragments of macromolecules results in phase separation and the formation of ion-conducting channels. The properties conditioned by the structure of charged membranes determine their application in separation processes (water treatment, electrolyte concentration, food industry and others), energy (reverse electrodialysis, fuel cells and others), and chlore-alkali production and others. The purpose of this review is to provide guidelines for modeling the transport of ions and water in charged membranes, as well as to describe the latest advances in this field with a focus on power generation systems. We briefly describe the main structural elements of charged membranes which determine their ion and water transport characteristics. The main governing equations and the most commonly used theories and assumptions are presented and analyzed. The known models are classified and then described based on the information about the equations and the assumptions they are based on. Most attention is paid to the models which have the greatest impact and are most frequently used in the literature. Among them, we focus on recent models developed for proton-exchange membranes used in fuel cells and for membranes applied in reverse electrodialysis.
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Fischer L, Hartmann SS, Maljusch A, Däschlein C, Prymak O, Ulbricht M. The influence of anion-exchange membrane nanostructure onto ion transport: Adjusting membrane performance through fabrication conditions. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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7
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Chen X, Goh K. Quantifying the coupled monovalent and divalent ions sorption in dense ion exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.121140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Khalid H, Najibah M, Park HS, Bae C, Henkensmeier D. Properties of Anion Exchange Membranes with a Focus on Water Electrolysis. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12100989. [PMID: 36295748 PMCID: PMC9609780 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12100989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, alkaline membrane water electrolysis, in which membranes are in direct contact with water or alkaline solutions, has gained attention. This necessitates new approaches to membrane characterization. We show how the mechanical properties of FAA3, PiperION, Nafion 212 and reinforced FAA3-PK-75 and PiperION PI-15 change when stress−strain curves are measured in temperature-controlled water. Since membranes show dimensional changes when the temperature changes and, therefore, may experience stresses in the application, we investigated seven different membrane types to determine if they follow the expected spring-like behavior or show hysteresis. By using a very simple setup which can be implemented in most laboratories, we measured the “true hydroxide conductivity” of membranes in temperature-controlled water and found that PI-15 and mTPN had higher conductivity at 60 °C than Nafion 212. The same setup was used to monitor the alkaline stability of membranes, and it was found that stability decreased in the order mTPN > PiperION > FAA3. XPS analysis showed that FAA3 was degraded by the attack of hydroxide ions on the benzylic position. Water permeability was analyzed, and mTPN had approximately two times higher permeability than PiperION and 50% higher permeability than FAA3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Khalid
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Malikah Najibah
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
| | - Hyun S. Park
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Hydrogen Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Division of Energy and Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhu Z, Paddison SJ. Perspective: Morphology and ion transport in ion-containing polymers from multiscale modeling and simulations. Front Chem 2022; 10:981508. [PMID: 36059884 PMCID: PMC9437359 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.981508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ion-containing polymers are soft materials composed of polymeric chains and mobile ions. Over the past several decades they have been the focus of considerable research and development for their use as the electrolyte in energy conversion and storage devices. Recent and significant results obtained from multiscale simulations and modeling for proton exchange membranes (PEMs), anion exchange membranes (AEMs), and polymerized ionic liquids (polyILs) are reviewed. The interplay of morphology and ion transport is emphasized. We discuss the influences of polymer architecture, tethered ionic groups, rigidity of the backbone, solvents, and additives on both morphology and ion transport in terms of specific interactions. Novel design strategies are highlighted including precisely controlling molecular conformations to design highly ordered morphologies; tuning the solvation structure of hydronium or hydroxide ions in hydrated ion exchange membranes; turning negative ion-ion correlations to positive correlations to improve ionic conductivity in polyILs; and balancing the strength of noncovalent interactions. The design of single-ion conductors, well-defined supramolecular architectures with enhanced one-dimensional ion transport, and the understanding of the hierarchy of the specific interactions continue as challenges but promising goals for future research.
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10
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Mubita T, Porada S, Biesheuvel P, van der Wal A, Dykstra J. Strategies to increase ion selectivity in electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Volkov VI, Slesarenko NA, Chernyak AV, Zabrodin VA, Golubenko DV, Tverskoy VA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Mobility of Li+, Na+, Cs+ Cations in Sulfocation-Exchange Membranes Based on Polyethylene and Grafted Sulfonated Polystyrene Studied by NMR Relaxation. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622030076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Ion and Molecular Transport in Solid Electrolytes Studied by NMR. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095011. [PMID: 35563404 PMCID: PMC9103273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
NMR is the method of choice for molecular and ionic structures and dynamics investigations. The present review is devoted to solvation and mobilities in solid electrolytes, such as ion-exchange membranes and composite materials, based on cesium acid sulfates and phosphates. The applications of high-resolution NMR, solid-state NMR, NMR relaxation, and pulsed field gradient 1H, 7Li, 13C, 19F, 23Na, 31P, and 133Cs NMR techniques are discussed. The main attention is paid to the transport channel morphology, ionic hydration, charge group and mobile ion interaction, and translation ions and solvent mobilities in different spatial scales. Self-diffusion coefficients of protons and Li+, Na+, and Cs+ cations are compared with the ionic conductivity data. The microscopic ionic transfer mechanism is discussed.
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13
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Kitto D, Kamcev J. Manning condensation in ion exchange membranes: A review on ion partitioning and diffusion models. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Kitto
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Jovan Kamcev
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering University of Michigan, North Campus Research Complex B28 Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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14
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PBI nanofiber mat-reinforced anion exchange membranes with covalently linked interfaces for use in water electrolysers. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Butylskii DY, Pismenskaya N, Apel PY, Sabbatovskiy K, Nikonenko V. Highly selective separation of singly charged cations by countercurrent electromigration with a track-etched membrane. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Golubenko D, Yaroslavtsev A. Effect of current density, concentration of ternary electrolyte and type of cations on the monovalent ion selectivity of surface-sulfonated graft anion-exchange membranes: modelling and experiment. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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17
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Blommaert M, Aili D, Tufa RA, Li Q, Smith WA, Vermaas DA. Insights and Challenges for Applying Bipolar Membranes in Advanced Electrochemical Energy Systems. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2021; 6:2539-2548. [PMID: 34277948 PMCID: PMC8276271 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar membranes (BPMs) are gaining interest in energy conversion technologies. These membranes are composed of cation- and anion-exchange layers, with an interfacial layer in between. This gives the freedom to operate in different conditions (pH, concentration, composition) at both sides. Such membranes are used in two operational modes, forward and reverse bias. BPMs have been implemented in various electrochemical applications, like water and CO2 electrolyzers, fuel cells, and flow batteries, while BPMs are historically designed for acid/base production. Therefore, current commercial BPMs are not optimized, as the conditions change per application. Although the ideal BPM has highly conductive layers, high water dissociation kinetics, long lifetime, and low ion crossover, each application has its own priorities to be competitive in its field. We describe the challenges and requirements for future BPMs, and identify existing developments that can be leveraged to develop BPMs toward the scale of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn
A. Blommaert
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - David Aili
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ramato Ashu Tufa
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Building 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - David A. Vermaas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Delft University
of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
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18
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Designing a high-efficiency hypochlorite ion generation system by combining cation exchange membrane aided electrolysis with chlorine gas recovery stream. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Katzenberg A, Angulo A, Kusoglu A, Modestino MA. Impacts of Organic Sorbates on the Ionic Conductivity and Nanostructure of Perfluorinated Sulfonic-Acid Ionomers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adlai Katzenberg
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Andrea Angulo
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Ahmet Kusoglu
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Miguel A. Modestino
- Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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20
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Zhang W, Wang Z, Liu Y, Feng J, Han J, Yan W. Effective removal of ammonium nitrogen using titanate adsorbent: Capacity evaluation focusing on cation exchange. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 771:144800. [PMID: 33545477 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cation exchange is one of the dominant mechanisms in the adsorption of cationic ammonium nitrogen (NH4+) from water. In this study, we focus on the role of counter cations in cation exchange process of NH4+ to enhance the adsorption capacity. Five amorphous titanates namely lithium titanate (LiT), sodium titanate (NaT), potassium titanate (KT), strontium titanate (SrT) and barium titanate (BaT) with different counter cation were facilely synthesized. The adsorption performance for NH4+ by these samples is in the order of LiT> NaT > KT> > SrT > BaT. The maximum adsorption capacity of LiT calculated by Langmuir is as high as 50.31 mg·g-1. According to the experimental results and theoretical analysis, the electrostatic interaction between counter ions (cations in framework or eternal solution) and charged framework (fixed ions) is the main influence factor during cation exchange process in general. The cation valence and the hydrated ionic radius of the counter ions can inversely affect the ion exchange equilibrium and the affinity of counter ions to titanates. Therefore, a definition of a brief parameter, affinity coefficient Kf (relating to ion valence and distance between opposite charged ions), is introduced and used to explain the difference in adsorption performance of five titanates for NH4+. The conclusion about cation exchange and ions affinity may provide possible strategies for enhancement of cationic contaminant adsorption from water or wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiangtao Feng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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21
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Golubenko D, Yaroslavtsev A. Development of surface-sulfonated graft anion-exchange membranes with monovalent ion selectivity and antifouling properties for electromembrane processes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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22
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Konovalova A, Stock D, Schröder S, Park HS, Jang JH, Kim HJ, Han J, Schröder D, Henkensmeier D. Partially methylated polybenzimidazoles as coating for alkaline zinc anodes. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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Sheldeshov NV, Zabolotsky VI, Karpenko TV, Kovalev NV. A Modified Hydrodynamic Isolation Method to Measure Ion Fluxes and Ion Transport Numbers across an Anion-Exchange Membrane in the Sulfuric Acid–Amine–Amine Salt System. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751620030075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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24
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Shi S, Liu Z, Lin Q, Chen X, Kusoglu A. Role of ionic interactions in the deformation and fracture behavior of perfluorosulfonic-acid membranes. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1653-1667. [PMID: 31965137 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01964b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The stability of ion-conductive membranes, such as perfluorosulfonic-acid (PFSA) membranes, as a solid-electrolyte separator in energy devices is strongly linked to their mechanical properties, the characterization of which presents challenges, especially in the presence of ionic interactions. Ionomer membranes' elastic properties are affected by cations; however, their influence on deformation at small and large strains is relatively unexplored. In this paper, we report the stress-strain response and fracture behavior of Nafion membranes exchanged with various cations examined in three deformation regimes. In the small-strain regime, the Young's modulus is strongly dependent on cation size, due to the reduced mobility and local stiffening of polymer chains. The Young's modulus, yield limit and strain-hardening modulus all increase with monovalent cation size in the order H+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ < Cs+, but with varying dependence. In the failure regime, however, the break strain and fracture energy of the membrane decrease in the presence of larger cations, which promote deformation instability while decreasing plastic dissipation energy during crack propagation, thereby leading to more brittle fracture. These results not only demonstrate the trade-off between strength and fracture toughness, but also reveal how it is altered by the ionic interactions, which also dictate the inverse relationship between stretchability and stiffness. Moreover, the measured stress-strain data are reproduced by the constitutive relations to extract parameters that are correlated to the fracture energy through craze instability. Such relationships provide insight into how parameters extracted from tensile testing can be used to assess membrane stability and the role of ionic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouwen Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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25
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da Silva JS, Carvalho SGM, da Silva RP, Tavares AC, Schade U, Puskar L, Fonseca FC, Matos BR. SAXS signature of the lamellar ordering of ionic domains of perfluorinated sulfonic-acid ionomers by electric and magnetic field-assisted casting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13764-13779. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01864c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The origins of the matrix and ionomer peaks of Nafion SAXS pattern are revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodrigo P. da Silva
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
- IPEN-CNEN/SP
- São Paulo 05508000
- Brazil
| | - Ana C. Tavares
- Énergie
- Matériaux et Télécommunications (INRS-EMT)
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Varennes
- Canada
| | - Ulrich Schade
- Methoden der Materialentwicklung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Ljiljana Puskar
- Methoden der Materialentwicklung
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Materialien und Energie GmbH
- Berlin
- Germany
| | - Fabio C. Fonseca
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
- IPEN-CNEN/SP
- São Paulo 05508000
- Brazil
| | - Bruno R. Matos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
- IPEN-CNEN/SP
- São Paulo 05508000
- Brazil
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McGrath MJ, Patterson N, Manubay BC, Hardy SH, Malecha JJ, Shi Z, Yue X, Xing X, Funke HH, Gin DL, Liu P, Noble RD. 110th Anniversary: The Dehydration and Loss of Ionic Conductivity in Anion Exchange Membranes Due to FeCl 4– Ion Exchange and the Role of Membrane Microstructure. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b04592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. McGrath
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Nicholas Patterson
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Bryce C. Manubay
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Samantha H. Hardy
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - John J. Malecha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Zhangxing Shi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Xiujun Yue
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Xing Xing
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Hans H. Funke
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Douglas L. Gin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California—San Diego, San Diego, California 92093, United States
| | - Richard D. Noble
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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