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Aggarwal K, Li S, Nijem S, Dekel DR, Diesendruck CE. Polymer Backbone Chemistry Shapes the Alkaline Stability of Metallopolymer Anion-Exchange Membranes. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400029. [PMID: 38287711 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Anion-exchange membrane fuel cells and water electrolyzers have garnered significant attention in past years due to their potential role in sustainable and affordable energy conversion and storage. However, the chemical stability of the polymeric anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), the key component in these devices, currently limits their lifespan. Recently, metallopolymers have been proposed as chemically stable alternatives to organic cations, using metal centers as ion transporters. In metallopolymer AEMs, various properties such as alkaline stability, water uptake, flexibility, and performance, are determined by both the metal complex and polymer backbone. Herein we present a systematic study investigating the influence of the polymer backbone chemistry on some of these properties, focusing on the alkaline stability of low-oxophilicity gold metallopolymers. Despite the use of a common N-heterocyclic carbene ligand, upon gold metalation using the same reaction conditions, different polymer backbones end up forming different gold complexes. These findings suggest that polymer chemistry affects the metalation reaction in addition to the other properties relevant to AEM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Aggarwal
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
| | - Songlin Li
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
| | - Sally Nijem
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
| | - Dario R Dekel
- The Wolfson Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
| | - Charles E Diesendruck
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
- The Nancy & Stephen Grand Technion Energy Program (GTEP), Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel -, 3200003
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Bhowmick S, Qureshi M. Vanadium Oxide Nanosheet-Infused Functionalized Polysulfone Bipolar Membrane for an Efficient Water Dissociation Reaction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:5466-5477. [PMID: 36688585 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A high-performing bipolar membrane (BPM) was fabricated using functionalized polysulfones as the ion-exchange layers (IELs) and two-dimensional (2D) V2O5-nanosheets blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the water dissociation catalyst (WDC) at the interfacial layer. The composite BPM showed a low resistance of 0.79 Ω cm2, confirming the good contact between the IEL and WDC, much needed for the ionic conductivity. It also demonstrated high water dissociation performance with a water dissociation voltage of 1.11 V corresponding to a current density of 1.02 mA/cm2 in the presence of a 1 M NaCl electrolytic solution. The functionalization of the polysulfone with -SO3- and R4N+ groups successfully resulted in the increase of hydrophilicity of the polymer, thereby increasing the water uptake capacity of the membranes. The blending of 2D V2O5 nanosheets with PVA proved to be an effective WDC, as confirmed by the increased conductivity and efficiency of the water dissociation (WD) reaction. The 2D V2O5-ns have great potential toward water adsorption onto its surface, thereby interacting with the water molecules, weakening the bonding force of water, and dissociating it into H+ and OH-. The transportation of coions across the membranes and generation of protons and hydroxyl ions at the interfacial layer are correlated with the change in the pH of the catholyte and anolyte as a function of current density during the WD reaction. The high performance of the composite BPM (BPM_VO-ns) was demonstrated at a higher current density of 100 mA/cm2 with a WD resistance of 0.027 Ω cm2. The durability was tested by subjecting it to 45 h of run at lower (1.02 mA/cm2) and higher (100 mA/cm2) current densities which display a negligible change in the interlayer voltage. Thus, the fabricated composite BPMs pave the way to be utilized for efficient and durable WD reactions under neutral electrolytic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Bhowmick
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
| | - Mohammad Qureshi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, Assam781039, India
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Lan Y, Zhou D, Lai L, Qi H, Xia L, Depuydt S, Van der Bruggen B, Zhao Y. A monovalent selective anion exchange membrane made by poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyl oxide) for bromide recovery. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ren Y, Zhang A, Li L, Ma L, Jin Q, Yuan M, He G, Zhang F. Hydrogen bonding promoted electrodialysis performance of a novel blend anion exchange membrane. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Development of rigid side-chain poly(ether sulfone)s based anion exchange membrane with multiple annular quaternary ammonium ion groups for fuel cells. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Simultaneous improvement of anion conductivity and cell durability through the formation of dense ion clusters of F-doped graphitic carbon nitride/quaternized poly(phenylene oxide) composite membrane. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Das G, Choi JH, Nguyen PKT, Kim DJ, Yoon YS. Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cell Application: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061197. [PMID: 35335528 PMCID: PMC8955432 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The fuel cell industry is the most promising industry in terms of the advancement of clean and safe technologies for sustainable energy generation. The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell is divided into two parts: anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). In the case of PEMFCs, high-power density was secured and research and development for commercialization have made significant progress. However, there are technical limitations and high-cost issues for the use of precious metal catalysts including Pt, the durability of catalysts, bipolar plates, and membranes, and the use of hydrogen to ensure system stability. On the contrary, AEMFCs have been used as low-platinum or non-platinum catalysts and have a low activation energy of oxygen reduction reaction, so many studies have been conducted to find alternatives to overcome the problems of PEMFCs in the last decade. At the core of ensuring the power density of AEMFCs is the anion exchange membrane (AEM) which is less durable and less conductive than the cation exchange membrane. AEMFCs are a promising technology that can solve the high-cost problem of PEMFCs that have reached technological saturation and overcome technical limitations. This review focuses on the various aspects of AEMs for AEMFCs application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Das
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Applied Chemical Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, 275 Wilmore Labs, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Correspondence: (D.-J.K.); (Y.S.Y.)
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Korea;
- Correspondence: (D.-J.K.); (Y.S.Y.)
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Functionalized Hemodialysis Polysulfone Membranes with Improved Hemocompatibility. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061130. [PMID: 35335460 PMCID: PMC8954096 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of membrane materials is one of the most dynamic due to the continuously changing requirements regarding the selectivity and the upgradation of the materials developed with the constantly changing needs. Two membrane processes are essential at present, not for development, but for everyday life—desalination and hemodialysis. Hemodialysis has preserved life and increased life expectancy over the past 60–70 years for tens of millions of people with chronic kidney dysfunction. In addition to the challenges related to the efficiency and separative properties of the membranes, the biggest challenge remained and still remains the assurance of hemocompatibility—not affecting the blood during its recirculation outside the body for 4 h once every two days. This review presents the latest research carried out in the field of functionalization of polysulfone membranes (the most used polymer in the preparation of membranes for hemodialysis) with the purpose of increasing the hemocompatibility and efficiency of the separation process itself with a decreasing impact on the body.
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Goel P, E. B, Mandal P, Shahi VK, Bandyopadhyay A, Chattopadhyay S. Di-quaternized graphene oxide based multi-cationic cross-linked monovalent selective anion exchange membrane for electrodialysis. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pan J, Tao Y, Zhao L, Yu X, Zhao X, Wu T, Liu L. Green preparation of quaternized vinylimidazole-based anion exchange membrane by photopolymerization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Li X, Sun HB, Sun X. Polysulfone grafted with anthraquinone-hydroanthraquinone redox as a flexible membrane electrode for aqueous batteries. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Luo W, Wang L, Feng R, Zhao C, Wang J, Cai T. Preparation of composite anion exchange membranes based on in‐situ copolymerization of N‐vinyl formamide and divinylbenzene in porous PTFE. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wanjie Luo
- Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Ruijiang Feng
- Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Chongfeng Zhao
- Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Jilin Wang
- Department of Safety and Environmental Protection, School of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, College of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Engineering Liaoning Shihua University Fushun China
| | - Tianzhou Cai
- PetroChina Sichuan Petrochemical. Co., LTD Chengdu China
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Zhang C, Zhang W, Wang Y. Diffusion Dialysis for Acid Recovery from Acidic Waste Solutions: Anion Exchange Membranes and Technology Integration. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E169. [PMID: 32751246 PMCID: PMC7463704 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10080169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic acids are commonly used in mining, metallurgical, metal-processing, and nuclear-fuel-reprocessing industries in various processes, such as leaching, etching, electroplating, and metal-refining. Large amounts of spent acidic liquids containing toxic metal ion complexes are produced during these operations, which pose a serious hazard to the living and non-living environment. Developing economic and eco-friendly regeneration approaches to recover acid and valuable metals from these industrial effluents has focused the interest of the research community. Diffusion dialysis (DD) using anion exchange membranes (AEMs) driven by an activity gradient is considered an effective technology with a low energy consumption and little environmental contamination. In addition, the properties of AEMs have an important effect on the DD process. Hence, this paper gives a critical review of the properties of AEMs, including their acid permeability, membrane stability, and acid selectivity during the DD process for acid recovery. Furthermore, the DD processes using AEMs integrated with various technologies, such as pressure, an electric field, or continuous operation are discussed to enhance its potential for industrial applications. Finally, some directions are provided for the further development of AEMs in DD for acid recovery from acidic waste solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science & Desalination Technology, and School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (C.Z.); (Y.W.)
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Liu Y, Wang J. Performance enhancement of catalytic bipolar membrane based on polysulfone single base membrane for electrodialysis. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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