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Henkensmeier D, Cho WC, Jannasch P, Stojadinovic J, Li Q, Aili D, Jensen JO. Separators and Membranes for Advanced Alkaline Water Electrolysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:6393-6443. [PMID: 38669641 PMCID: PMC11117188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Traditionally, alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) uses diaphragms to separate anode and cathode and is operated with 5-7 M KOH feed solutions. The ban of asbestos diaphragms led to the development of polymeric diaphragms, which are now the state of the art material. A promising alternative is the ion solvating membrane. Recent developments show that high conductivities can also be obtained in 1 M KOH. A third technology is based on anion exchange membranes (AEM); because these systems use 0-1 M KOH feed solutions to balance the trade-off between conductivity and the AEM's lifetime in alkaline environment, it makes sense to treat them separately as AEM WE. However, the lifetime of AEM increased strongly over the last 10 years, and some electrode-related issues like oxidation of the ionomer binder at the anode can be mitigated by using KOH feed solutions. Therefore, AWE and AEM WE may get more similar in the future, and this review focuses on the developments in polymeric diaphragms, ion solvating membranes, and AEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Henkensmeier
- Hydrogen
· Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea
Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division
of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST
Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chul Cho
- Department
of Future Energy Convergence, Seoul National
University of Science & Technology, 232 Gongreung-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 01811, Korea
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer
& Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Qingfeng Li
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - David Aili
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens Oluf Jensen
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark (DTU), Fysikvej 310, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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2
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Yu J, Zhu Q, Ma W, Dai Y, Zhang S, Wang F, Zhu H. Hydrophilic Chitosan-Doped Composite Diaphragm Reducing Gas Permeation for Alkaline Water Electrolysis Producing Hydrogen. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:1394-1403. [PMID: 38157839 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c13426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
The present paper studied the chitosan-doped composite diaphragm by the phase exchange method with the objective of developing a composite diaphragm that complies with the alkaline water electrolysis requirements, as well as tested the electrolytic performance of the diaphragm in alkaline water electrolysis. The structure and morphology are characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The performance of chitosan-doped composite diaphragms was tested; CS3Z12 composite diaphragm with a low area resistance (0.20 Ω cm2), a high bubble point pressure (2.75 bar), and excellent electrochemical performance (current density of 650 mA cm-2 at 1.83 V) shows the best performance. Moreover, the performance of the synthesized composite diaphragm is significantly elevated compared to commercial diaphragms (Zirfon PERL), which is promising for practical application in alkaline electrolytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Shuhuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Fanghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Institute of Modern Catalysis, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, P. R. China
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3
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Kartohardjono S, Salsabila GMK, Ramadhani A, Purnawan I, Lau WJ. Preparation of PVDF-PVP Composite Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:611. [PMID: 37367814 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The oil and gas industry and related applications generate large quantities of oily wastewater, which can adversely affect the environment and human health if not properly handled. This study aims to prepare polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes incorporated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) additives and utilize them to treat oily wastewater through the ultrafiltration (UF) process. Flat sheet membranes were prepared using PVDF dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide, followed by the addition of PVP ranging from 0.5 to 35 g. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and mechanical strength tests were performed on the flat PVDF/PVP membranes to understand and compare the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the membranes. Prior to the UF process, oily wastewater was treated by a coagulation-flocculation process through a jar tester using polyaluminum chloride (PAC) as a coagulant. Based on the characterization of the membrane, the addition of PVP improves the physical and chemical properties of the membrane. The membrane's pore size becomes larger, which can increase its permeability and flux. In general, the addition of PVP to the PVDF membrane can increase the porosity and decrease the water contact angle, thereby increasing the membrane's hydrophilicity. With respect to filtration performance, the wastewater flux of the resultant membrane increases with increasing PVP content, but the rejections for TSS, turbidity, TDS, and COD are reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sutrasno Kartohardjono
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Ghofira Muna Khansa Salsabila
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Azzahra Ramadhani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Irfan Purnawan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI, Depok 16424, Indonesia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Center, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 81310, Malaysia
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4
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Chen Y, Chen GZ. Half-Electrolysis of Water with the Aid of a Supercapacitor Electrode. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2023; 6:6104-6110. [PMID: 37323209 PMCID: PMC10265655 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.3c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Half-electrolysis runs one desirable half-cell reaction with the aid of a counter supercapacitor electrode which replaces the other unwanted half-cell reaction occurred inevitably in conventional electrolysis. Herein, it is developed to complete the whole cell reaction of water electrolysis, in alternative steps, with a capacitive activated carbon (AC) electrode and an electrolysis Pt electrode. When positively charging the AC electrode, a hydrogen evolution reaction occurs at the Pt electrode. By reversing the current, the charge stored in the AC electrode is discharged to assist the oxygen evolution reaction on the same Pt electrode. Consecutive completion of the two processes realizes the overall reaction of water electrolysis. This strategy leads to stepwise production of H2 and O2 without the need of a diaphragm in the cell and hence results in a lower energy consumption compared with the practical conventional electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Chen
- The
State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, College of Materials
and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science
and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
| | - George Zheng Chen
- Department
of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG2 7RD, U.K.
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5
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Yan T, Pan H, Liu Z, Kang P. Phase-Inversion Induced 3D Electrode for Direct Acidic Electroreduction CO 2 to Formic acid. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207650. [PMID: 36890777 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct electrochemical CO2 reduction to formic acid (FA) instead of formate is a challenging task due to the high acidity of FA and competitive hydrogen evolution reaction. Herein, 3D porous electrode (TDPE) is prepared by a simple phase inversion method, which can electrochemically reduce CO2 to FA in acidic conditions. Owing to interconnected channels, high porosity, and appropriate wettability, TDPE not only improves mass transport, but also realizes pH gradient to build higher local pH micro-environment under acidic conditions for CO2 reduction compared with planar electrode and gas diffusion electrode. Kinetic isotopic effect experiments demonstrate that the proton transfer becomes the rate-determining step at the pH of 1.8; however, not significant in neutral solution, suggesting that the proton is aiding the overall kinetics. Maximum FA Faradaic efficiency of 89.2% has been reached at pH 2.7 in a flow cell, generating FA concentration of 0.1 m. Integrating catalyst and gas-liquid partition layer into a single electrode structure by phase inversion method paves a facile avenue for direct production of FA by electrochemical CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhikun Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Peng Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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6
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Aili D, Kraglund MR, Rajappan SC, Serhiichuk D, Xia Y, Deimede V, Kallitsis J, Bae C, Jannasch P, Henkensmeier D, Jensen JO. Electrode Separators for the Next-Generation Alkaline Water Electrolyzers. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:1900-1910. [PMID: 37090167 PMCID: PMC10111418 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.3c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-gigawatt-scale hydrogen production by water electrolysis is central in the green transition when it comes to storage of energy and forming the basis for sustainable fuels and materials. Alkaline water electrolysis plays a key role in this context, as the scale of implementation is not limited by the availability of scarce and expensive raw materials. Even though it is a mature technology, the new technological context of the renewable energy system demands more from the systems in terms of higher energy efficiency, enhanced rate capability, as well as dynamic, part-load, and differential pressure operation capability. New electrode separators that can support high currents at small ohmic losses, while effectively suppressing gas crossover, are essential to achieving this. This Focus Review compares the three main development paths that are currently being pursued in the field with the aim to identify the advantages and drawbacks of the different approaches in order to illuminate rational ways forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Aili
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Rykær Kraglund
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sinu C. Rajappan
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dmytro Serhiichuk
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifan Xia
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Valadoula Deimede
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Joannis Kallitsis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Patras, 26504, Patras, Greece
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Patric Jannasch
- Polymer
& Materials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Hydrogen·Fuel
Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of
Science andTechnology, Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
- Division
of Energy & Environment Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Green School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jens Oluf Jensen
- Department
of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical
University of Denmark, Elektrovej, Building 375, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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7
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Zhang Y, Song G, Luo T, Yang X, Ren H, Wang X, Zhang Z. Acid-triggered polyether sulfone - Polyvinyl pyrrolidone blend anion exchange membranes for the recovery of titania waste acid via diffusion dialysis. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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Asadabadi S, Ahmadi Feijani E, Ahmadian‐Alam L. Gas separation improvement of
PES
/
PSF
/
PVP
blend mixed matrix membranes inclusive of amorphous
MOFs
by
O
2
plasma treatment. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simin Asadabadi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Elahe Ahmadi Feijani
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Bu‐Ali Sina University Hamedan Iran
| | - Leila Ahmadian‐Alam
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
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9
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Li W, Wang H, Zhang J, Xiang Y, Lu S. Advancements of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Based Polymer Electrolyte Membranes for Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Devices. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202200071. [PMID: 35318798 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) play vital roles in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices, such as polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), redox flow battery, and water electrolysis. As the crucial component of these devices, PEMs need to possess high ion conductivity and electronic insulation, remarkable mechanical and chemical stability, and outstanding isolation function for the materials on both sides of the cathode and anode. Polyvinylpyrrolidone has received widespread attention in the research of PEMs owing to its tertiary amine basic groups and exceptional hydrophilic properties. This review focuses on the application status of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based PEMs in PEMFC, vanadium redox flow battery, and alkaline water electrolysis, and describes in detail the key scientific problems in these fields, providing constructive suggestions and guidance for the application of polyvinylpyrrolidone-based PEMs in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Haining Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yan Xiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shanfu Lu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Energy Materials and Devices, School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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10
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Raje A, Buhr K, Koll J, Lillepärg J, Abetz V, Handge UA. Open-Celled Foams of Polyethersulfone/Poly( N-vinylpyrrolidone) Blends for Ultrafiltration Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14061177. [PMID: 35335507 PMCID: PMC8953762 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Since membranes made of open porous polymer foams can eliminate the use of organic solvents during their manufacturing, a series of previous studies have explored the foaming process of various polymers including polyethersulfone (PESU) using physical blowing agents but failed to produce ultrafiltration membranes. In this study, blends containing different ratios of PESU and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) were used for preparation of open-celled polymer foams. In batch foaming experiments involving a combination of supercritical CO2 and superheated water as blowing agents, blends with low concentration of PVP delivered uniform open-celled foams that consisted of cells with average cell size less than 20 µm and cell walls containing open pores with average pore size less than 100 nm. A novel sample preparation method was developed to eliminate the non-foamed skin layer and to achieve a high porosity. Flat sheet membranes with an average cell size of 50 nm in the selective layer and average internal pore size of 200 nm were manufactured by batch foaming a PESU blend with higher concentration of PVP and post-treatment with an aqueous solution of sodium hypochlorite. These foams are associated with a water-flux up to 45 L/(h m2 bar). Retention tests confirmed their applicability as ultrafiltration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniket Raje
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Kristian Buhr
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Joachim Koll
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Jelena Lillepärg
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich A. Handge
- Institute of Membrane Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany; (A.R.); (K.B.); (J.K.); (J.L.); (V.A.)
- Chair of Plastics Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Leonhard-Euler-Straße 5, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-231-755-8628
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11
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Tailoring of polysulfate/polyvinylpyrrolidone membrane structure via NIPS coupled physical aging technique for high-performance dye/salt separation. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Novel components in anion exchange membrane water electrolyzers (AEMWE’s): Status, challenges and future needs. A mini review. Electrochem commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2021.107140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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13
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Dai Q, Zhao Z, Shi M, Deng C, Zhang H, Li X. Ion conductive membranes for flow batteries: Design and ions transport mechanism. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Hu X, Huang Y, Liu L, Ju Q, Zhou X, Qiao X, Zheng Z, Li N. Piperidinium functionalized aryl ether-free polyaromatics as anion exchange membrane for water electrolysers: Performance and durability. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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15
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Polysulfone-Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone Blend Polymer Composite Membranes for Batik Industrial Wastewater Treatment. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11010066. [PMID: 33477646 PMCID: PMC7831512 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Batik wastewater, in general, is colored and has high concentrations of BOD (biological oxygen demand), COD (chemical oxygen demand), and dissolved and suspended solids. Polysulfone (PSf)-based membranes with the addition of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were prepared to treat batik industrial wastewater. PSf/PVP membranes were prepared using the phase inversion method with N-methyl-2 pyrrolidone (NMP) as the solvent. Based on the membrane characterization through FESEM, water contact angle, porosity, and mechanical tests showed a phenomenon where the addition of PVP provided thermodynamic and kinetic effects on membrane formation, thereby affecting porosity, thickness, and hydrophilicity of the membranes. The study aims to observe the effect of adding PVP on polysulfone membrane permeability and antifouling performance on a laboratory scale through the ultrafiltration (UF) process. With the addition of PVP, the operational pressure of the polysulfone membrane was reduced compared to that without PVP. Based on the membrane filtration results, the highest removal efficiencies of COD, TDS (total dissolved solid), and conductivity achieved in the study were 80.4, 84.6, and 83.6%, respectively, on the PSf/PVP 0.35 membrane operated at 4 bar. Moreover, the highest color removal efficiency was 85.73% on the PSf/PVP 0.25 operated at 5 bar. The antifouling performance was identified by calculating the value of total, reversible, and irreversible membrane fouling, wherein in this study, the membrane with the best antifouling performance was PSf/PVP 0.25.
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16
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Abatti GP, Gross IP, da Conceição TF. Tuning the thermal and mechanical properties of PSU by post-polymerization Friedel-Crafts acylation. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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17
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Advanced Zirfon-type porous separator for a high-rate alkaline electrolyser operating in a dynamic mode. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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18
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Li X, Zhao L, Yu J, Liu X, Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou W. Water Splitting: From Electrode to Green Energy System. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:131. [PMID: 34138146 PMCID: PMC7770753 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00469-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) production is a latent feasibility of renewable clean energy. The industrial H2 production is obtained from reforming of natural gas, which consumes a large amount of nonrenewable energy and simultaneously produces greenhouse gas carbon dioxide. Electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for the H2 production, which is sustainable and pollution-free. Therefore, developing efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting has been an important goal for researchers around the world. The utilization of green energy systems to reduce overall energy consumption is more important for H2 production. Harvesting and converting energy from the environment by different green energy systems for water splitting can efficiently decrease the external power consumption. A variety of green energy systems for efficient producing H2, such as two-electrode electrolysis of water, water splitting driven by photoelectrode devices, solar cells, thermoelectric devices, triboelectric nanogenerator, pyroelectric device or electrochemical water-gas shift device, have been developed recently. In this review, some notable progress made in the different green energy cells for water splitting is discussed in detail. We hoped this review can guide people to pay more attention to the development of green energy system to generate pollution-free H2 energy, which will realize the whole process of H2 production with low cost, pollution-free and energy sustainability conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayuan Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Weijia Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong, Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China.
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Investigation of NiFe-Based Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution in Anion-Exchange Membrane Electrolysis. ENERGIES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/en13071720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
NiFe electrodes are developed for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in an alkaline electrolyser based on an anion exchange membrane (AEM) separator and fed with diluted KOH solution as supporting electrolyte. This study reports on the electrochemical behaviour of two different NiFe-oxide compositions (i.e., Ni1Fe1-oxide and Ni1Fe2-oxide) prepared by the oxalate method. These catalysts are assessed for single-cell operation in an MEA including a Sustainion™ anion-exchange membrane. The electrochemical polarization shows a current density of 650 mA cm−2 at 2 V and 50 °C for the Ni1Fe1 anode composition. A durability test of 500 h is carried out using potential cycling as an accelerated stress-test. This shows a decrease in current density of 150 mA cm−2 mainly during the first 400 h. The performance achieved for the anion-exchange membrane electrolyser single-cell based on the NiFeOx catalyst appears promising. However, further improvements are required to enhance the stability under these operating conditions.
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