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Sohail N, Riedel R, Dorneanu B, Arellano-Garcia H. Prolonging the Life Span of Membrane in Submerged MBR by the Application of Different Anti-Biofouling Techniques. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:217. [PMID: 36837720 PMCID: PMC9962460 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient technology for the treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater for the last two decades. It is a single stage process with smaller footprints and a higher removal efficiency of organic compounds compared with the conventional activated sludge process. However, the major drawback of the MBR is membrane biofouling which decreases the life span of the membrane and automatically increases the operational cost. This review is exploring different anti-biofouling techniques of the state-of-the-art, i.e., quorum quenching (QQ) and model-based approaches. The former is a relatively recent strategy used to mitigate biofouling. It disrupts the cell-to-cell communication of bacteria responsible for biofouling in the sludge. For example, the two strains of bacteria Rhodococcus sp. BH4 and Pseudomonas putida are very effective in the disruption of quorum sensing (QS). Thus, they are recognized as useful QQ bacteria. Furthermore, the model-based anti-fouling strategies are also very promising in preventing biofouling at very early stages of initialization. Nevertheless, biofouling is an extremely complex phenomenon and the influence of various parameters whether physical or biological on its development is not completely understood. Advancing digital technologies, combined with novel Big Data analytics and optimization techniques offer great opportunities for creating intelligent systems that can effectively address the challenges of MBR biofouling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noman Sohail
- Department of Biotechnology of Water Treatment, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Ramona Riedel
- Department of Biotechnology of Water Treatment, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Bogdan Dorneanu
- Department of Process and Plant Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Harvey Arellano-Garcia
- Department of Process and Plant Technology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus/Senftenberg, 03046 Cottbus, Germany
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Khan NA, Bokhari A, Mubashir M, Klemeš JJ, El Morabet R, Khan RA, Alsubih M, Azam M, Saqib S, Mukhtar A, Koyande A, Show PL. Treatment of Hospital wastewater with submerged aerobic fixed film reactor coupled with tube-settler. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 286:131838. [PMID: 34399260 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Hospital wastewater was treated using a submerged aerobic fixed film (SAFF) reactor coupled with tubesettler in series. SAFF consisted of a column with an up-flow biofilter. The biological oxygen demand (BOD)5, chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrate and phosphate were the chosen pollutants for evaluation. The pollutants removal efficiency was determined at varying organic loading rates and hydraulic retention time. The organic loading rate was varied between 0.25 and 1.25 kg COD m-3 d-1. The removal efficiency of SAFF and tubesettler combined was 75 % COD, 67 % BOD and 67 % phosphate, respectively. However, nitrate saw an increase in concentration by 25 %. SAFF contribution in the removal of COD, BOD5 and Phosphate was 48 %, 46 % and 29 %, respectively. While for accumulation of nitrate, it was responsible for 56%, respectively. Tubesettler performed better than SAFF with 52 %, 54 % and 69 % reduction of COD, BOD5 and phosphate, respectively. But in terms of nitrate, tubesettler was responsible for 44 % accumulation. The nutrient reduction decreased with an increase in the organic loading rate. Nitrification was observed in the SAFF and tubesettler, which indicated a well-aerated system. An anaerobic unit is required for completing the denitrification process and removing nitrogen from the effluent. The better performance of tubesettler over SAFF calls for necessitates extended retention time over design criteria. Further studies are beneficial to investigate the impact of pharmaceutical compounds on the efficiency of SAFF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem A Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Millia Islamia, Okhla, New Delhi, Delhi, 110025, India
| | - Awais Bokhari
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan; Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jiří Jaromír Klemeš
- Sustainable Process Integration Laboratory, SPIL, NETME Centre, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, VUT Brno, Technická 2896/2, 616 69, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rachida El Morabet
- Department of Geography, LADES, FLSH-M, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia, 28810, Morocco
| | - Roohul Abad Khan
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Azam
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Getreidemarkt 9/166, Wien, 1060, Austria
| | - Sidra Saqib
- Chemical Engineering Department, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Lahore Campus, Lahore, Punjab, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Mukhtar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NFC Institute of Engineering and Fertilizer Research Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Apurav Koyande
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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