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Li X, Qian L, Zhang D, Zhang H, Yang L, Song G, Han J, Li J, Chen Z, Fang P, He C. Highly sulfonated poly ether ether ketone chelated with Cu 2+ as a proton exchange membrane at sub-zero temperatures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 672:21-31. [PMID: 38824685 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Improving the proton conductivity (σ) of proton exchange membranes at low temperatures is very important for expanding their application areas. Here, sulfonated poly ether ether ketone (SPEEK) membranes were prepared with different sulfonation degrees, and its maximum ion exchange capacity is 3.15 mmol/g for 10 h at 60 °C. Highly sulfonated SPEEK membrane exhibits ultra-high water uptake and excellent proton conductivity of 0.074 S/cm at -25 °C due to its abundant -SO3H. Nevertheless, its high swelling ratio and low mechanical strength are not conducive to the practical application of the membrane. Luckily, by employing the chelation of Cu2+ with -SO3- on the SPEEK chain, Cu2+-coordinated SPEEK membranes were prepared, and they not only retain high -SO3H content but also possess robust mechanical properties and good dimensional stability compared to pristine SPEEK membrane. Meanwhile, the σ of the SPEEK-Cu membrane reaches 0.054 S/cm at -25 °C, and its fuel cell maximum power (Wmax) reaches 0.42 W/cm2 at -10 °C, demonstrating superior low-temperature performance in comparison to other reported materials. Particularly, water states in the prepared membranes are quantified by low-temperature differential scanning calorimetry. Because much more water bound to the plentiful -SO3H and Cu2+ inside the membrane endows it with anti-freezing performance, the decay of the σ and the Wmax for the SPEEK-Cu membrane is retarded at sub-zero temperatures. It is envisioned that composite membranes comprising metal ions such as Cu2+-SPEEK have a high potential for sub-zero fuel cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Libing Qian
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haoliang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guoqing Song
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jinzhao Han
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Hydrogen Energy Technologies, School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Zhiyuan Chen
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China
| | - Pengfei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chunqing He
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid-State Physics Hubei Province, School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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Guo Y, Wei J, Ying Y, Liu Y, Zhou W, Yu Q. Recent Progress of Crystalline Porous Frameworks for Intermediate-Temperature Proton Conduction. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:11166-11187. [PMID: 37533296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Proton exchange membranes (PEMs), especially for work under intermediate temperatures (100-200 °C), have attracted great interest because of the high CO toleration and facial water management of the corresponding proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Traditional polymer PEMs faced challenges of low stability and proton carrier leaking. Crystalline porous materials, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), are promising to overcome these issues contributed by nanometer-sized channels. Herein we summarized the recent development of MOF/COF-based intermediate-temperature proton conductors. The strategies of framework engineering and pore impregnation were introduced in detail for raising proton conductivity. The proton-conducting mechanism was described as well. This spotlight will provide new insight into the fabrication of MOF/COF proton conductors under intermediate-temperature and anhydrous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Guo
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Junsheng Wei
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Yulong Ying
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, P. R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
| | - Qing Yu
- Institute for Energy Research, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, P. R. China
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Safronova EY, Lysova AA, Voropaeva DY, Yaroslavtsev AB. Approaches to the Modification of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:721. [PMID: 37623782 PMCID: PMC10456953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymer ion-exchange membranes are featured in a variety of modern technologies including separation, concentration and purification of gases and liquids, chemical and electrochemical synthesis, and hydrogen power generation. In addition to transport properties, the strength, elasticity, and chemical stability of such materials are important characteristics for practical applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are characterized by an optimal combination of these properties. Today, one of the most well-known practical applications of PFSA membranes is the development of fuel cells. Some disadvantages of PFSA membranes, such as low conductivity at low humidity and high temperature limit their application. The approaches to optimization of properties are modification of commercial PFSA membranes and polymers by incorporation of different additive or pretreatment. This review summarizes the approaches to their modification, which will allow the creation of materials with a different set of functional properties, differing in ion transport (first of all proton conductivity) and selectivity, based on commercially available samples. These approaches include the use of different treatment techniques as well as the creation of hybrid materials containing dopant nanoparticles. Modification of the intrapore space of the membrane was shown to be a way of targeting the key functional properties of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yu. Safronova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.Y.V.); (A.B.Y.)
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Biz C, Gracia J, Fianchini M. Review on Magnetism in Catalysis: From Theory to PEMFC Applications of 3d Metal Pt-Based Alloys. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:14768. [PMID: 36499096 PMCID: PMC9739051 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between magnetism and catalysis has been an important topic since the mid-20th century. At present time, the scientific community is well aware that a full comprehension of this relationship is required to face modern challenges, such as the need for clean energy technology. The successful use of (para-)magnetic materials has already been corroborated in catalytic processes, such as hydrogenation, Fenton reaction and ammonia synthesis. These catalysts typically contain transition metals from the first to the third row and are affected by the presence of an external magnetic field. Nowadays, it appears that the most promising approach to reach the goal of a more sustainable future is via ferromagnetic conducting catalysts containing open-shell metals (i.e., Fe, Co and Ni) with extra stabilization coming from the presence of an external magnetic field. However, understanding how intrinsic and extrinsic magnetic features are related to catalysis is still a complex task, especially when catalytic performances are improved by these magnetic phenomena. In the present review, we introduce the relationship between magnetism and catalysis and outline its importance in the production of clean energy, by describing the representative case of 3d metal Pt-based alloys, which are extensively investigated and exploited in PEM fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Biz
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, 03012 Alicante, Spain
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12071 Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - José Gracia
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, 03012 Alicante, Spain
| | - Mauro Fianchini
- MagnetoCat SL, General Polavieja 9 3I, 03012 Alicante, Spain
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Han X, Gao J, Chen T, Qian L, Xiong H, Chen Z. Application Progress of PALS in the Correlation of Structure and Properties for Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:4161. [PMID: 36500784 PMCID: PMC9738869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giving a deep insight into the microstructure, and realizing the correlation between microstructure and properties is very important to the precise construction of high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPN). For the promising application in microstructure characterization, much attention has been focused on the effective technique of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Based on the introduction of the basic principle, this review summarized the application progress of PALS in the correlation of microstructure and properties for GPN, especially for the characterization of free volume and interfacial interaction, and the correlation of these microstructures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Gao
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.C.)
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Xu TC, Wang CS, Hu ZY, Zheng JJ, Jiang SH, He SJ, Hou HQ. High Strength and Stable Proton Exchange Membrane Based on Perfluorosulfonic Acid/Polybenzimidazole. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2708-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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