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Wilson M. Property, Materiality, Proximity: The Analytic Frame and In-Person Work. J Am Psychoanal Assoc 2024:30651241247217. [PMID: 38733264 DOI: 10.1177/00030651241247217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
In-person meeting offers psychologically usable material-signifiers that serve as day's residue-that cannot be duplicated or substituted for in remote ways of working. Questions of materiality, the history and specificity of location, and bodily proximity all are key aspects of the psychoanalytic frame, as Bleger's classic formulations attest. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the choreography of engagement between analyst and patient: the ghostly dust in the frame enters the room. As Bleger says, with ghosts so rustled, nonprocess has a chance to become process. Two clinical examples highlight these points about materiality and in-person working. The final section of the paper extends Bleger's description to tackle the perplexing situation of patients who hesitate to return to the office. Issues of "ghosting," vanishing, disappearing are discussed, and linked to the constitutive absence that grounds any meaningfully structured presence. This constitutive absence is evoked by the prospect of the return to in-person analytic work. A final clinical example is used to illustrate this disturbing and irreducible fact about human interaction when two bodies are together in a room to discuss, over time, the life of one of the participants.
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Yu W, Li M, Lei W, Chen Y. FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBAT/PLA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1140. [PMID: 38675058 PMCID: PMC11054694 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) has been widely used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. In order to improve its comprehensive properties in 3D printing, in this study, 0-40% content of polybutylene adipate terephthalate(PBAT) was selected to be blended with PLA in a twin-screw extruder; the resulting pellets were drawn into a homogeneous filament; then, PBAT/PLA samples were prepared by FDM 3D printing, and the effects of the dosage of PBAT on the mechanical properties, thermal behavior, surface wettability and melt flowability of the samples were investigated. The results showed that all the samples could be printed smoothly, and the ductility was slightly improved by the increase in the PBAT dosage; the thermal stability of PLA was enhanced by blending with PBAT, and the crystallinity increased monotonically with the increase in PBAT. After blending with PBAT, the surfaces of the samples were more hydrophilic and flowable. The important conclusion achieved in this work was that the PBAT/PLA blends, especially those containing 30%PBAT, showed great potential to replace petroleum-based plastics and are suitable for use in FDM 3D printing technologies for different applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
- Jiangsu Province Precision Manufacturing Engineering and Technology Research Center, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Sichelman T, Smith HE. A network model of legal relations. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230153. [PMID: 38403060 PMCID: PMC10894693 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
From at least the early twentieth century, legal scholars have recognized that rights and other legal relations inhere between individual legal actors, forming a vast and complex social network. Yet, no legal scholar has used the mathematical machinery of network theory to formalize these relationships. Here, we propose the first such approach by modelling a rudimentary, static set of real property relations using network theory. Then, we apply our toy model to measure the level of modularity-essentially, the community structure-among aggregations of these real property relations and associated actors. In so doing, we show that even for a very basic set of relations and actors, law may employ modular structures to manage complexity. Property, torts, contracts, intellectual property, and other areas of the law arguably reduce information costs in similar, quantifiable ways by chopping up the world of interactions between parties into manageable modules that are semi-autonomous. We also posit that our network science approach to jurisprudential issues can be adapted to quantify many other important aspects of legal systems. This article is part of the theme issue 'A complexity science approach to law and governance'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Sichelman
- Judith Keep Professor of Law and Director Center for Intellectual Property Law and Markets; Founder and Director, Center for Computation, Mathematics, and the Law, University of San Diego School of Law, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Henry E. Smith
- Fessenden Professor of Law and Director of the Project on the Foundations of Private Law, Harvard Law School, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Zhi X, Li X, Yuan S, Wang D, Wang K. Influence of Thermal Annealing on Mechanical and Optical Property of SiO 2 Film Produced by ALD. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:470. [PMID: 38276409 PMCID: PMC10817477 DOI: 10.3390/ma17020470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
The application range of fused silica optical components can be expanded and the cost of fused silica components can be reduced by depositing the same material film on fused silica substrate. However, due to the different manufacturing process, the performance of ALD SiO2 film is lower than that of fused silica substrate, which also limits the use of this process. In this paper, ALD SiO2 film with different thicknesses were deposited, and then the structure and properties were tested. Finally, the ALD SiO2 film was treated via the annealing process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that the ALD SiO2 film had good compactness and substrate adhesion. The Raman spectra showed that the ALD SiO2 film and substrate had the same structure, with only slight differences. The XRD pattern showed that ALD-fused silica did not crystallize before or after annealing. The infrared spectra showed that there was an obvious Si-OH defect in the ALD SiO2 film. The laser damage showed that the ALD SiO2 film had a much lower damage threshold than the fused silica substrate. The nanoindentation showed that the mechanical properties of the ALD SiO2 film were much lower than those of the fused silica substrate. After a low-temperature annealing treatment, the ALD SiO2 film Si-OH defect was reduced, the ALD SiO2 film four-member ring content was increased, the elastic modulus of the ALD SiO2 film was increased from 45.025 GPa to 68.025 GPa, the hardness was increased from 5.240 GPa to 9.528 GPa, and the ALD SiO2 film damage threshold was decreased from 5.5 J/cm2 to 1.3 J/cm2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintao Zhi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Songmei Yuan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Dasen Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; (X.Z.); (S.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Kehong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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Yu W, Qiu R, Li M, Lei W. Effects of Wood Content and Modification on Properties of Wood Flour/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Biocomposites. Molecules 2023; 28:8057. [PMID: 38138546 PMCID: PMC10746050 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polymers have recently become attractive and have been increasingly used as matrix materials to replace fossil plastics due to concerns about the environmental issue. However, their application areas are limited due to their high costs and natural properties. In this study, we fabricated ecofriendly and economical polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) composites loaded with various concentrations of wood flour (WF) to investigate the effects on the PBAT and WF interfaces as well as the physical properties of the WF/PBAT biocomposites. Then, WF was acetylated with acetic anhydride, and the effect of WF acetylation on the mechanical and thermal properties of the biocomposites were investigated. The results showed that the tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus increased with WF loading in the composites, and acetylation could not only further increase these properties, but also increase the impact strength and elongation at break. The incorporation of WF would weaken the thermal stability of PBAT, but the thermal stability of the biocomposite could be improved after WF acetylation. The cold crystallization temperature and hydrophobicity of the WF/PBAT samples would be increased with the increasing load of the WF, while the melting enthalpy and the crystallinity of the samples reduced gradually. A morphological analysis of the modified composites revealed that the matrix exhibited greater interfacial interactions with the WF compared to the WF/PBAT. Considering the much lower cost of WF compared to PBAT, the improved properties of WF/PBAT biocomposites will make it economically competitive with other commercial polymers, and these biocomposites should have much wider application areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Rui Qiu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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Zhao W, Sun X, Ou Z, Li Z, Liu Z, Qin X. Modifying Effect and Mechanism of Polymer Powder on the Properties of Asphalt Binder for Engineering Application. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4659. [PMID: 38139911 PMCID: PMC10747318 DOI: 10.3390/polym15244659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
For achieving the better modifying effect of polyurethane on asphalt pavement materials, the PUA powder modifier was prepared with fine grinding at the glass transition temperature, and polyurethane-modified asphalt (PUA-MA) with different dosages of modifier was prepared. The impact of the PUA on the physical properties of asphalt binder was studied. The modifying mechanism of PUA on asphalt was explored by investigating the thermal performance and chemical composition of asphalt (thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). The micrograph of the interactive interface was characterized by scanning an electron microscope. Furthermore, the rheological properties of PUA-MA were also investigated and analyzed. The results indicated that the PUA had a dense structure with few pores on the surface. After mixing with asphalt, it altered the asphalt's internal structure via physical fusion and chemical reaction (carbamate formation). PUA improved the thermal stability of asphalt, enhanced the asphalt's thermal decomposition temperature, and further reduced the thermal mass loss while decreasing the glass transition temperature. The addition and dosage increase in the PUA modifier significantly improved the softening point, viscosity, complex shear modulus, and rutting factor of asphalt. Also, the PUA could improve the elastic recovery ability of asphalt and enhance the rutting resistance of asphalt at high temperatures. However, the crack resistance at low temperatures was not effectively improved (ductility and penetration decreased). When the dosage was 6-9%, PUA-MA had the best high-temperature performance, but asphalt showed poor low-temperature performance at this dosage. This study provides a theoretical reference for popularizing and applying polyurethane as an asphalt modifier in road engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (W.Z.); (X.S.)
- School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaolong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (W.Z.); (X.S.)
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhixin Ou
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhijian Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Z.O.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhisheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;
| | - Xiao Qin
- School of Transportation and Civil Engineering and Architecture, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
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Douglas S, Layard A. Ownership Beneath: Transparency of Land Ownership in Times of Economic Crime. Oxf J Leg Stud 2023; 44:74-103. [PMID: 38463215 PMCID: PMC10921274 DOI: 10.1093/ojls/gqad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
This article considers 'ownership beneath' in light of the Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022, which has introduced a new Schedule 4A into the Land Registration Act 2002. The legislation, with notable exceptions, requires overseas entities to publicly reveal their beneficial owners, with criminal and land law consequences if transparency requirements are not met. The article explores how ownership beneath operates and can be made more transparent, noting the three different forms of beneficial ownership employed: as control, behind a trust and as a consequence. Emphasising the distinctive nature of beneficial ownership of land, the analysis recommends amending ECTEA 2022 to focus on land ownership, not merely landowning overseas entities, facilitating greater transparency by expanding the definition of registrable beneficial owners, closing the loophole where information is not available and requiring public disclosure of most trust information.
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Han X, Zhou Z, Gao J, Zhao Y, Chen T. Effect of Carbon Nanoparticles Morphology on the Properties of Poly(styrene- b-isoprene- b-styrene) Elastomer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4415. [PMID: 38006139 PMCID: PMC10675780 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Though nanomaterials based on carbon have been widely used for the preparation of high-performance polymeric nanocomposites, there are few works focused on the effect of carbon nanoparticle morphology on the performance of corresponding polymer nanocomposites. Therefore, four representative carbon nanoparticles, including fullerene, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and carbon black incorporated poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) (SIS) elastomer nanocomposites were fabricated using the solvent casting method. In addition, the effect of carbon nanoparticle morphology on the rheological, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the obtained polymeric nanocomposites was systematically investigated. The results showed that the shape of carbon nanoparticles has a different effect on the properties of the obtained elastomer nanocomposites, which lays the foundation of carbon nanoparticle screening for high-performance polymer nanocomposite construction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | | | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Yu W, Sun L, Li M, Li M, Lei W, Wei C. FDM 3D Printing and Properties of PBS/PLA Blends. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4305. [PMID: 37959985 PMCID: PMC10649279 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and Poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) were chosen as raw materials and melt blended by a twin screw extruder and pelletized; then, the pellets were extruded into filaments; after that, various PBS/PLA blending samples were prepared by Fused Deposition Molding (FDM) 3D printing technology using the filaments obtained and the effect of the dosage of PBS on technological properties of 3D-printed specimens was investigated. For comparison, the PLA specimen was also prepared by FDM printing. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, thermal stability, and hydrophilicity became poorer with increasing the dosage of PBS, while the flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, and crystallinity increased first and then decreased. The blend containing 10% PBS (10% PBS/PLA) had the greatest flexural strength of 60.12 MPa, tensile modulus of 2360.04 MPa, impact strength of 89.39 kJ/m2, and crystallinity of 7.4%, which were increased by 54.65%, 61.04%, 14.78%, and 51.02% compared to those of printed PLA, respectively; this blend also absorbed the least water than any other specimen when immersed in water. Different from the transparent PLA filament, 10% PBS/PLA filament presented a milky white appearance. The printed 10% PBS/PLA specimen had a smooth surface, while the surface of the printed PLA was rough. All the results indicated that the printed 10% PBS/PLA specimen had good comprehensive properties, including improved mechanical properties, crystallization performance, and surface quality than PLA, as well as proper wettability and water absorption. The prominent conclusion achieved in this work was that 10% PBS/PLA should be an ideal candidate for biodegradable feedstock among all the PBS/PLA blends for FDM 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Mengya Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Meihui Li
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wen Lei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chaohui Wei
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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孙 亚, 马 剑, 王 岩, 董 本, 杨 培, 李 岩, 李 奕, 周 丽, 申 佳, 马 信. [Research progress in influence of microstructure on performance of triply-periodic minimal surface bone scaffolds]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 37:1314-1318. [PMID: 37848329 PMCID: PMC10581883 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202305004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective To summarize the influence of microstructure on performance of triply-periodic minimal surface (TPMS) bone scaffolds. Methods The relevant literature on the microstructure of TPMS bone scaffolds both domestically and internationally in recent years was widely reviewed, and the research progress in the imfluence of microstructure on the performance of bone scaffolds was summarized. Results The microstructure characteristics of TPMS bone scaffolds, such as pore shape, porosity, pore size, curvature, specific surface area, and tortuosity, exert a profound influence on bone scaffold performance. By finely adjusting the above parameters, it becomes feasible to substantially optimize the structural mechanical characteristics of the scaffold, thereby effectively preempting the occurrence of stress shielding phenomena. Concurrently, the manipulation of these parameters can also optimize the scaffold's biological performance, facilitating cell adhesion, proliferation, and growth, while facilitating the ingrowth and permeation of bone tissue. Ultimately, the ideal bone fusion results will obtain. Conclusion The microstructure significantly and substantially influences the performance of TPMS bone scaffolds. By deeply exploring the characteristics of these microstructure effects on the performance of bone scaffolds, the design of bone scaffolds can be further optimized to better match specific implantation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- 亚迪 孙
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 剑雄 马
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 岩 王
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 本超 董
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 培川 杨
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 岩 李
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 奕扬 李
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 丽芸 周
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 佳慧 申
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
| | - 信龙 马
- 天津大学天津医院(天津市天津医院)骨科研究所(天津 300211)Institute of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Hospital), Tianjin, 300211, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科研究所(天津 300050)Tianjin Orthopaedic Institute, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
- 天津市骨科生物力学与医学工程重点实验室(天津 300050)Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin, 300050, P. R. China
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Shen Q, Guo Y, Wang K, Zhang C, Ma Y. A Review of Chondroitin Sulfate's Preparation, Properties, Functions, and Applications. Molecules 2023; 28:7093. [PMID: 37894574 PMCID: PMC10609508 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a natural macromolecule polysaccharide that is extensively distributed in a wide variety of organisms. CS is of great interest to researchers due to its many in vitro and in vivo functions. CS production derives from a diverse number of sources, including but not limited to extraction from various animals or fish, bio-synthesis, and fermentation, and its purity and homogeneity can vary greatly. The structural diversity of CS with respect to sulfation and saccharide content endows this molecule with distinct complexity, allowing for functional modification. These multiple functions contribute to the application of CS in medicines, biomaterials, and functional foods. In this article, we discuss the preparation of CS from different sources, the structure of various forms of CS, and its binding to other relevant molecules. Moreover, for the creation of this article, the functions and applications of CS were reviewed, with an emphasis on drug discovery, hydrogel formation, delivery systems, and food supplements. We conclude that analyzing some perspectives on structural modifications and preparation methods could potentially influence future applications of CS in medical and biomaterial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Shen
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Changjiang Road 80, Nanyang 473004, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yujie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Kangyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chunhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanli Ma
- Zhang Zhongjing College of Chinese Medicine, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Changjiang Road 80, Nanyang 473004, China
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12
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Wang G, Xie L, Huang Z, Xie J. Recent advances in polysaccharide biomodification by microbial fermentation: production, properties, bioactivities, and mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-25. [PMID: 37740706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2259461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are natural chemical compounds that are extensively employed in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They exhibit a wide range of physical and biological properties. These properties are commonly improved by using chemical and physical methods. However, with the advancement of biotechnology and increased demand for green, clean, and safe products, polysaccharide modification via microbial fermentation has gained importance in improving their physicochemical and biological activities. The physicochemical and structural characteristics, biological activity, and modification mechanisms of microbially fermented polysaccharides were reviewed and summarized in this study. Polysaccharide modifications were categorized and discussed in terms of strains and fermentation techniques. The effects of microbial fermentation on the physicochemical characteristics of polysaccharides were highlighted. The impact of modification of polysaccharides on their antioxidant, immune, hypoglycemic, and other activities, as well as probiotic digestive enhancement, were also discussed. Finally, we investigated a potential enzyme-based process for polysaccharide modification via microbial fermentation. Modification of polysaccharides via microbial fermentation has significant value and application potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liuming Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhibing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Sino-German Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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13
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Zhang L, Zhang X, Wang R, Zhang Y, Wu J, Zhou Z, Yin P. Research Progress in Boron-Modified Phenolic Resin and Its Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3543. [PMID: 37688169 PMCID: PMC10490055 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful modified phenolic resins, boron-modified phenolic resin (BPF) has excellent heat resistance and ablative resistance, good mechanical and wear resistance, and flame retardancy. BPF and its composites can be widely used in areas such as aerospace, weapons and equipment, automobile brakes, and fire retardants. In this review, the current state of development of BPF and its composites is presented and discussed. After introducing various methods to synthesize BPF, functionalization of BPF is briefly summarized. Particular emphasis is placed on general methods used to fabricate BPF-based composites and the heat resistance, ablative resistance, mechanical property, wear resistance, flame retardancy, and water resistance of BPF-based composites. Finally, the challenges of this research area are summarized and its future outlook is prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Xueshu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Ruidong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Yifei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Juntao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
| | - Zhimao Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Penggang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China; (L.Z.); (X.Z.); (R.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.Y.)
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14
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Huang L, Shi J, Zhou W, Zhang Q. Advances in Preparation and Properties of Regenerated Silk Fibroin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13153. [PMID: 37685960 PMCID: PMC10487664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, silk fibroin (SF) has gained significant attention in various fields, such as biomedicine, tissue engineering, food processing, photochemistry, and biosensing, owing to its remarkable biocompatibility, machinability, and chemical modifiability. The process of obtaining regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) involves degumming, dissolving, dialysis, and centrifugation. RSF can be further fabricated into films, sponges, microspheres, gels, nanofibers, and other forms. It is now understood that the dissolution method selected greatly impacts the molecular weight distribution and structure of RSF, consequently influencing its subsequent processing and application. This study comprehensively explores and summarizes different dissolution methods of SF while examining their effects on the structure and performance of RSF. The findings presented herein aim to provide valuable insights and references for researchers and practitioners interested in utilizing RSF in diverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qing Zhang
- College of Sericulture, Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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15
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Ding J, Wang C, Lu C, Zhu G, Guo N, Gao X, Wang X, Cui C. Preparation of Al 3Ti-Al 2O 3/Al Inoculant and Its Inoculation Effect on Al-Cu-Mn Alloy. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5264. [PMID: 37569968 PMCID: PMC10419636 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The grain size plays a pivotal role in determining the properties of the alloy. The grain size can be significantly decreased by adding inoculants. Aiming to address the shortcomings of existing inoculants, the Al3Ti-Al2O3/Al inoculant was successfully prepared using Al-Ti master alloy and Al2O3 whiskers as raw materials. With the aid of ultrasonic energy, the Al2O3 whiskers were uniformly dispersed within the inoculants. Under the combined action of ultrasonic and titanium, the Al2O3 whiskers were broken into small particles at high temperature. To enhance the morphology of Al3Ti and achieve even particle dispersion throughout the matrix, vacuum rapid quenching treatment was applied to the inoculant. The SEM test results indicated a significant reduction in particle size after vacuum rapid quenching. The Al3Ti-Al2O3/Al inoculants exhibited excellent grain refinement effects on the weldable Al-Cu-Mn alloy. Crystallographic calculations and HRTEM analysis revealed that Al2O3 and Al have orientation relationships, indicating their potential as effective heterogeneous nucleation sites. The mechanical properties of the Al-Cu-Mn alloy were obviously improved after the Al3Ti-Al2O3/Al inoculant was added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ding
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Guangming Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Nana Guo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xujie Gao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of New Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Chunxiang Cui
- Hebei Key Laboratory of New Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
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16
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Xu F, Li Y, Zhao X, Liu G, Pang B, Liao N, Li H, Shi J. Diversity of fungus-mediated synthesis of gold nanoparticles: properties, mechanisms, challenges, and solving methods. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023:1-17. [PMID: 37455417 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2225131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fungi-mediated synthesis of Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) has advantages in: high efficiency, low energy consumption, no need for extra capping and stabilizing agents, simple operation, and easy isolation and purification. Many fungi have been found to synthesize AuNPs inside cells or outside cells, providing different composition and properties of particles when different fungi species or reaction conditions are used. This is good to produce AuNPs with different properties, but may cause challenges to precisely control the particle shape, size, and activities. Besides, low concentrations of substrate and fungal biomass are needed to synthesize small-size particles, limiting the yield of AuNPs in a large scale. To find clues for the development methods to solve these challenges, the reported mechanisms of the fungi-mediated synthesis of AuNPs were summarized. The mechanisms of intracellular AuNPs synthesis are dependent on gold ions absorption by the fungal cell wall via proteins, polysaccharides, or electric absorption, and the reduction of gold ions via enzymes, proteins, and other cytoplasmic redox mediators in the cytoplasm or cell wall. The extracellular synthesis of AuNPs is mainly due to the metabolites outside fungal cells, including proteins, peptides, enzymes, and phenolic metabolites. These mechanisms cause the great diversity of the produced AuNPs in functional groups, element composition, shapes, sizes, and properties. Many methods have been developed to improve the synthesis efficiency by changing: chloroauric acid concentrations, reaction temperature, pH, fungal mass, and reaction time. However, future studies are still required to precisely control the: shape, size, composition, and properties of fungal AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqin Xu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yinghui Li
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xixi Zhao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guanwen Liu
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Pang
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ning Liao
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Huixin Li
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Junling Shi
- The Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience & Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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17
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Chen KX, Gao LY, Li Z, Sun R, Liu ZQ. Research Progress of Electroplated Nanotwinned Copper in Microelectronic Packaging. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4614. [PMID: 37444927 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Copper is the most common interconnecting material in the field of microelectronic packaging, which is widely used in advanced electronic packaging technologies. However, with the trend of the miniaturization of electronic devices, the dimensions of interconnectors have decreased from hundreds of microns to tens of or even several microns, which has brought serious reliability issues. As a result, nanotwinned copper (nt-Cu) has been proposed as a potential candidate material and is being certified progressively. Firstly, the physical properties of nt-Cu have been widely studied. Notably, the higher thermal stability and oxidation resistance of the (111) texture causes nt-Cu to maintain excellent physical properties under high-temperature serving conditions. Secondly, recent works on the electrolyte and electroplating processes of nt-Cu on wafer substrates are summarized, focusing on how to reduce the thickness of the transition layer, improve the twin density, and achieve complicated pattern filling. Thirdly, nt-Cu can effectively eliminate Kirkendall voids when it serves as UBM or a CuP. Additionally, the high (111) texture can control the preferred orientation of interfacial intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the Cu-Sn interface, which should be helpful to improve the reliability of solder joints. nt-Cu has superior electromigration resistance and antithermal cycling ability compared to ordinary copper RDLs and TSVs. Above all, nt-Cu has attracted much attention in the field of microelectronic packaging in recent years. The preparation-performance-reliability interrelationship of nt-Cu is summarized and displayed in this paper, which provides a solid theoretical basis for its practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Xin Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Li-Yin Gao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhi-Quan Liu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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18
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Ragoubi M, Lecoublet M, Khennache M, Poilane C, Leblanc N. Multi Scale Analysis of the Retting and Process Effect on the Properties of Flax Bio-Based Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112531. [PMID: 37299330 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate, at different scales (technical flax fiber, fiber band and flax composites, bio-based composites), the effect of retting and processing parameters on the biochemical, microstructural, and mechanical properties of flax-epoxy bio-based materials. On the technical flax fiber scale, a biochemical alteration of the fiber was observed as the retting increased (a decrease of the soluble fraction from 10.4 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 1.2% and an increase of the holocellulose fractions). This finding was associated with the degradation of the middle lamella, favoring the individualization of the flax fibers observed at retting (+). A direct link was established between the biochemical alteration of technical flax fibers and their associated mechanical properties (decrease of the ultimate modulus 69.9 to 43.6 GPa and maximum stress from 702 to 328 MPa). On the flax band scale, the mechanical properties are driven by the interface quality between the technical fibers. The highest maximum stresses were reached at level retting (0) with 26.68 MPa, which is lower compared to technical fiber. On the bio-based composites scale, setup 3 (T = 160 ∘C) and the high retting level (+) are the most relevant for a better mechanical response of flax bio-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ragoubi
- UniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Morgan Lecoublet
- UniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Medhi Khennache
- UniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Christophe Poilane
- Normandie University, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, CIMAP, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Nathalie Leblanc
- UniLaSalle, Unité de Recherche Transformation et Agro-Ressources, VAM²IN (ULR 7519 UniLaSalle-Université d'Artois), 76130 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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19
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Qian Y, Huang Z, Zhou G, Chen C, Sang Y, Yu Z, Jiang L, Mei Y, Wei Y. Preparation and Properties of Organically Modified Na-Montmorillonite. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:3184. [PMID: 37110020 PMCID: PMC10143424 DOI: 10.3390/ma16083184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the montmorillonite (MMT) content, rotational viscosity, and colloidal index of sodium montmorillonite (Na-MMT) as a function of the sodium agent dosage, reaction time, reaction temperature, and stirring time. Na-MMT was modified using different octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (OTAC) dosages under optimal sodification conditions. The organically modified MMT products were characterized via infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the Na-MMT with good properties (i.e., the maximum rotational viscosity and highest Na-MMT content with no decrease in the colloid index) was obtained at a 2.8% sodium carbonate dosage (measured based on the MMT mass), a temperature of 25 °C, and a reaction time of two hours. Upon organic modification of the optimized Na-MMT, OTAC entered the NA-MMT interlayer, and the contact angle was increased from 20.0° to 61.4°, the layer spacing was increased from 1.58 to 2.47 nm, and the thermal stability was conspicuously increased. Thus, MMT and Na-MMT were modified by the OTAC modifier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qian
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zeen Huang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Fine Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
| | - Guantao Zhou
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Chenan Chen
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yuhang Sang
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Zuolong Yu
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Legao Jiang
- Zhejiang Hongyu New Materials Co., Ltd., Huzhou 313113, China
| | - Yuning Mei
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
| | - Yunxiao Wei
- Biology and Environment Engineering College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, China
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20
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Sun Y, Xu X, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Xie X, Zhou H, Wu Z, Liu R, Pang J. Review of Konjac Glucomannan Structure, Properties, Gelation Mechanism, and Application in Medical Biology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15081852. [PMID: 37111999 PMCID: PMC10145206 DOI: 10.3390/polym15081852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Konjac glucomannan (KGM) is a naturally occurring macromolecular polysaccharide that exhibits remarkable film-forming and gel-forming properties, and a high degree of biocompatibility and biodegradability. The helical structure of KGM is maintained by the acetyl group, which plays a crucial role in preserving its structural integrity. Various degradation methods, including the topological structure, can enhance the stability of KGM and improve its biological activity. Recent research has focused on modifying KGM to enhance its properties, utilizing multi-scale simulation, mechanical experiments, and biosensor research. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the structure and properties of KGM, recent advancements in non-alkali thermally irreversible gel research, and its applications in biomedical materials and related areas of research. Additionally, this review outlines prospects for future KGM research, providing valuable research ideas for follow-up experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilan Sun
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qinhua Zhang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xie
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wu
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Science, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jie Pang
- College of Food Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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21
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Gigliotti FN, Franzem TP, Ferguson PFB. Rapid, recurring, structured survey versus bioblitz for generating biodiversity data and analysis with a multispecies abundance model. Conserv Biol 2023; 37:e13996. [PMID: 36047702 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A bioblitz inexpensively and quickly generates biodiversity data, but bioblitzes are often conducted with haphazard, unreplicated sampling. Results tend to be taxonomically, geographically, or temporally biased, lack metadata, and consist of lists of observed taxa that do not enable further analyses or correction for imperfect detection. A rapid, recurring, structured survey (RRSS) uses a structured sampling design and temporal and spatial replication to survey randomly selected sites on a conservation property. We participated in a loosely structured bioblitz and a subsequent RRSS at Big Canoe Creek Nature Preserve in Springville (St. Clair County), Alabama (USA) to compare observed richness derived from the 2 survey approaches. The RRSS data structure enabled us to fit models that accounted for imperfect detection to estimate abundances, occupancy probabilities, and habitat associations. The loosely structured bioblitz data could not be used in such models. We present a new integrated multispecies abundance model that we applied to avian RRSS data. Our model extension enables estimation for the community, employs data augmentation to estimate the number of undetected species, and incorporates covariates. The RRSS generated a more comprehensive and less biased list of observed taxonomic richness than the loosely structured bioblitz (e.g., 73 vs. 45 bird species and 104 vs. 63 insect families from the RRSS vs. loosely structured bioblitz, respectively). Models fit to the RRSS data identified seasonal patterns in avian community composition and allowed for estimation of habitat-occupancy relationships for insect taxa. The RRSS protocol has potential for broad transferability as a standardized, quick, and inexpensive way to inventory biodiversity and estimate ecological parameters while providing an outreach opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco N Gigliotti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
| | - Thomas P Franzem
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
| | - Paige F B Ferguson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
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Wang Y, Liu J, Liu Y. The Effect of Different Ratios of Starch and Freeze-Thaw Treatment on the Properties of Konjac Glucomannan Gels. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020072. [PMID: 36826242 PMCID: PMC9956990 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The composite gels of konjac glucomannan (KGM) and corn starch (CS) were prepared and treated by the freeze-thaw method. For KGM-CS gels, as the starch ratio rose from 0 to 100%, storage modulus (G') decreased by 97.7% (from 3875.69 Pa to 87.72 Pa), degradation temperature decreased from 313.32 °C to 293.95 °C, and crystallinity decreased by 16.7%. For F-KGM-CS gels, G' decreased by 99.0% (from 20,568.10 Pa to 204.09 Pa), degradation temperature increased from 289.68 °C to 298.07 °C, and crystallinity decreased by 17.1% with more starch content. The peak in infrared spectroscopy shifted to a higher wavenumber with more starch and to a lower wavenumber by freezing the corresponding composite gels. The detected retrogradation of the composite gels appeared for KGM-CS with 80% starch and F-KGM-CS with 40% starch. The endothermic enthalpy of free water rose by 10.6% and 10.1% with the increase in starch for KGM-CS and F-KGM-CS, respectively. The results of moisture distribution found that bound water migrated to free water and the water-binding capacity reduced with more starch. The results demonstrated that the molecular interaction in composite gels was weakened by starch and strengthened by freezing.
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Li Z, Dong D. How you get it matters: Moderating role of transfer method in guiding ownership assignments for modified objects. Front Psychol 2023; 13:957079. [PMID: 36704694 PMCID: PMC9871813 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.957079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous research has found that value change and creation drive people to support the laborer more than the original owner in ownership reasoning for modified objects; however, the transfer methods used to resolve conflicts have largely been ignored. In this work, two studies were designed to investigate the role of value change and creation in adults' labor-based ownership judgments in four transfer conditions (i.e., take/steal/borrow/find). Methods Scenarios involving different extent of value change and creation in different transfer ways were presented to Chinese adult subjects after which they were asked to judge who is the owner. Results People were more likely to assign ownership to the original owner in the take, steal and borrow conditions but not in the find condition, and this reasoning held regardless of whether the original materials showed high or low value appreciation or successful creation, and it was applicable to raw materials with low (Study 1) and high values (Study 2). In addition, the effect of value change and creation on ownership reasoning varied according to different transfer methods. Conclusion The results suggest the moderating role of transfer method in people's ownership assignments, which will provide insights for real-life mediation of ownership conflicts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxing Li
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Psychology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Dong Dong
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Institute of Social Psychology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China,Department of Mechanical Science and Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan,*Correspondence: Dong Dong,
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Qiao L, Dong Y, Zhou H, Cui H. Effect of Post-Polyketide Synthase Modification Groups on Property and Activity of Polyene Macrolides. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12. [PMID: 36671320 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of polyene macrolides, which are natural products produced by soil actinomycetes, have been extensively explored, and recent studies have focused on the effects of post-polyketide synthase (PKS) modifications to polyene macrolides on toxicity, water solubility, and antifungal activity. For example, there are interactions between glycosyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl or epoxy groups generated in the post-PKS modification steps; salt bridges will be formed between carboxylate and ammonium on the mycosamine; and water bridges will be formed between hydroxy and hydroxyl on mycosamine. These interactions will affect their water solubility and substrate-recognition specificity. This review summarizes research related to these post-PKS modification groups and discusses some genetic engineering operation problems and solutions that may be encountered when modifying these post-PKS modification groups. In addition, this review provides a basis for the structural research of polyene macrolide antibiotics and contributes to comprehensive and systematic knowledge, and it may thus encourage researchers to develop novel antifungal drugs with higher therapeutic indexes and medical values.
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25
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Guo L, Zuo P, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Zhao M, Hou X, Wu J, Zhang B. A Review of Cu-Ni-Sn Alloys: Processing, Microstructure, Properties, and Developing Trends. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:444. [PMID: 36614783 PMCID: PMC9822053 DOI: 10.3390/ma16010444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cu-Ni-Sn alloys have been widely used in the aerospace industry, the electronics industry, and other fields due to their excellent electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, corrosion and wear resistance, etc., which make Cu-15Ni-8Sn alloys the perfect alternative to Cu-Be alloys. This paper begins with how Cu-Ni-Sn alloys are prepared. Then, the microstructural features, especially the precipitation order of each phase, are described. In addition, the influence of alloying elements, such as Si, Ti, and Nb, on its microstructure and properties is discussed. Finally, the effects of plastic deformation and heat treatment on Cu-Ni-Sn alloys are discussed. This review is able to provide insight into the development of novel Cu-Ni-Sn alloys with a high performance.
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26
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Najahi A, Tarrés Q, Mutjé P, Delgado-Aguilar M, Putaux JL, Boufi S. Lignin-Containing Cellulose Nanofibrils from TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation of Date Palm Waste: Preparation, Characterization, and Reinforcing Potential. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 13:nano13010126. [PMID: 36616036 PMCID: PMC9824203 DOI: 10.3390/nano13010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Lignin-containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNFs) have emerged as a new class of nanocelluloses where the presence of residual lignin is expected to impart additional attributes such as hydrophobicity or UV-absorption. In the present work, LCNFs with a lignin content between 7 and 15 wt% were prepared via a TEMPO-mediated oxidation as chemical pretreatment followed by high-pressure homogenization. The impact of the carboxyl content (CC) on the properties of the resulting LCNF gel, in terms of lignin content, colloidal properties, morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability, were investigated. It was found that lignin content was significantly decreased at increasing CC. In addition, CC had a positive effect on colloidal stability and water contact angle, as well as resulting in smaller fibrils. This lower size, together with the lower lignin content, resulted in a slightly lower thermal stability. The reinforcing potential of the LCNFs when incorporated into a ductile polymer matrix was also explored by preparing nanocomposite films with different LCNF contents that were mechanically tested under linear and non-linear regimes by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. For comparison purposes, the reinforcing effect of the LCNFs with lignin-free CNFs was also reported based on literature data. It was found that lignin hinders the network-forming capacity of LCNFs, as literature data shows a higher reinforcing potential of lignin-free CNFs. Nonetheless, the tensile strength of the acrylic matrix was enhanced by 10-fold at 10 wt% of LCNF content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Najahi
- LMSE, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax BP 802–3018, Tunisia
| | - Quim Tarrés
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Pere Mutjé
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Marc Delgado-Aguilar
- LEPAMAP-PRODIS Research Group, University of Girona, C/Maria Aurèlia Capmany, 61–17003 Girona, Spain
| | - Jean-Luc Putaux
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CERMAV, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sami Boufi
- LMSE, Faculty of Science, University of Sfax, Sfax BP 802–3018, Tunisia
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Chen T, Gao J, Zhao Y, Liang T, Hu G, Han X. Progress of Polymer Application in Coated Proppant and Ultra-Low Density Proppant. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245534. [PMID: 36559901 PMCID: PMC9784352 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Design, synthesis and application of low-density proppant (LDP) are of great significance for efficient and clean exploitation of low permeability oil and gas. On the basis of a brief introduction of hydraulic fracturing and the application of traditional proppants, this review systematically summarized the polymer application progress in LDP, including coated sand, coated ceramics, coated nutshells, especially for polymer composites based ultra-low density proppant (ULDP). Finally, the existing problems and future development direction are also prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Gao
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (X.H.)
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28
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Zhou J, Tang L. Synthesis and Structure of 2-Hydroxypropyl Methacrylate-Capped Isophorone Diisocyanate and Poly(Propylene Glycol) Urethane Mixtures and the Properties of their UV-Cured Co-Networks with Isobornyl Methacrylate. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:8586. [PMID: 36500080 PMCID: PMC9737471 DOI: 10.3390/ma15238586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyurethane acrylate prepolymers with different contents of HIPIH and HIH were synthesized via reacting excessive isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and then end-capping with 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPMA) in isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA). After the addition of the photoinitiator PI 1173, the resulting prepolymer resins were irradiated by UV light to form cured materials. The structures of the prepolymers were confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and GPC. SEM analyses proved that no obvious phase separation was observed within the cured sample. As the content of HIH increased, the viscosity of the prepolymers increased slightly. In addition, the gel content, solvent resistance, Shore hardness, Young's modulus, and the tensile strength of the cured films increased, whereas the elongation at break decreased gradually. The volume shrinkage of the cured samples ranged between 4.5% and 4.8%. DMA analyses showed that the Tgs of the cured samples increased as more HIH structures existed. TGA analyses revealed that the cured samples had high thermal stability. This solvent-free fabrication process was simple, convenient, and controllable. By simply regulating the contents of HIPIH and HIH in the prepolymers, the performances of the cured materials could be adjusted to a wide range.
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Han X, Gao J, Chen T, Qian L, Xiong H, Chen Z. Application Progress of PALS in the Correlation of Structure and Properties for Graphene/Polymer Nanocomposites. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:4161. [PMID: 36500784 PMCID: PMC9738869 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Giving a deep insight into the microstructure, and realizing the correlation between microstructure and properties is very important to the precise construction of high-performance graphene/polymer nanocomposites (GPN). For the promising application in microstructure characterization, much attention has been focused on the effective technique of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). Based on the introduction of the basic principle, this review summarized the application progress of PALS in the correlation of microstructure and properties for GPN, especially for the characterization of free volume and interfacial interaction, and the correlation of these microstructures and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jie Gao
- Correspondence: (J.G.); (Z.C.)
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30
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Wang X, Wang Z, Shen M, Yi C, Yu Q, Chen X, Xie J, Xie M. Acetylated polysaccharides: Synthesis, physicochemical properties, bioactivities, and food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-16. [PMID: 36382653 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2146046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharides are biomacromolecular widely applied in the food industry, as gelling agents, thickeners and health supplements. As hydrophobic groups, acetyls provide amphiphilicity to polysaccharides with numerous hydroxyl groups, which greatly expand the presence of polysaccharides in organic organisms and various chemical environments. Acetylation could result in diverseness and promotion of the structure of polysaccharides, which improve the physicochemical properties and biological activities. High efficient and environmentally friendly access to acetylated derivatives of different polysaccharides is being explored. This review discusses and summarizes acetylated polysaccharides in terms of synthetic methods, physicochemical properties and biological activities and emphasizes the structure-effect relationships introduced by acetyl groups to reveal the potential mechanism of acetylated polysaccharides. Acetyls with different contents and substitution sites could change the molecular weight, monosaccharide composition and spatial architecture of polysaccharides, resulting in differences among properties such as water solubility, emulsification and crystallinity. Coupled with acetyls, polysaccharides have increased antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, and pro-prebiotic capacities. In addition, their possible applications have also been discussed in green food materials, bioactive ingredient carriers and functional food products, indicating that acetylated polysaccharides hold a clear vision in food health and industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhijun Wang
- Food Quality and Design Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mingyue Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chen Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Qiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xianxiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jianhua Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingyong Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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31
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Thaldar DW, Townsend BA, Donnelly DL, Botes M, Gooden A, van Harmelen J, Shozi B. The multidimensional legal nature of personal genomic sequence data: A South African perspective. Front Genet 2022; 13:997595. [PMID: 36437942 PMCID: PMC9681828 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the various dimensions in South African law applicable to personal genomic sequence data. This analysis includes property rights, personality rights, and intellectual property rights. Importantly, the under-investigated question of whether personal genomic sequence data are capable of being owned is investigated and answered affirmatively. In addition to being susceptible of ownership, personal genomic sequence data are also the object of data subjects' personality rights, and can also be the object of intellectual property rights: whether on their own qua trade secret or as part of a patented invention or copyrighted dataset. It is shown that personality rights constrain ownership rights, while the exploitation of intellectual property rights is constrained by both personality rights and ownership rights. All of these rights applicable to personal genomic sequence data should be acknowledged and harmonized for such data to be used effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beverley A. Townsend
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- York Law School, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marietjie Botes
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- SnT Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability Security and Trust, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Amy Gooden
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Bonginkosi Shozi
- School of Law, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- School of Law, Institute for Practical Ethics, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
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32
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Sadrmanesh V, Chen Y. Selected Properties of Two Alternative Plant Fibers: Canola and Sweet Clover Fibers. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7877. [PMID: 36431363 PMCID: PMC9699566 DOI: 10.3390/ma15227877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Identifying sustainable resources of natural fibers is essential due to their high demand in industrial applications such as automotive and biomedical materials. Two alternative fibers obtained from canola and sweet clover stalks were characterized for their properties using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), contact angle, and tensile test. Hemp and flax fibers, both in use as industrial fibers, were also characterized as conventional fibers. Results showed that all the fibers had the same chemical elements (carbon, oxygen, magnesium, and potassium) and chemical bonds. The crystallinity index for the alternative fibers ranged from 62 to 71%, which was close but lower than the conventional fibers (82% for hemp and 80% for flax). The thermal stability of the alternative fibers was around 220 °C, close to the conventional fibers (230 °C). The alternative fibers had contact angles of less than 90°, showing high surface energy. Since the alternative fibers had a low Young's modulus and tensile strength (5.57-8.52 GPa and 57.45-71.26 MPa, respectively), they are suitable for some specific applications in the biomedical industry. In contrast, conventional fibers are suitable where a higher stiffness and strength is required.
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Boyer P. Ownership psychology as a cognitive adaptation: A minimalist model. Behav Brain Sci 2022; 46:e323. [PMID: 36254791 DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x22002527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Ownership is universal and ubiquitous in human societies, yet the psychology underpinning ownership intuitions is generally not described in a coherent and computationally tractable manner. Ownership intuitions are commonly assumed to derive from culturally transmitted social norms, or from a mentally represented implicit theory. While the social norms account is entirely ad hoc, the mental theory requires prior assumptions about possession and ownership that must be explained. Here I propose such an explanation, arguing that the intuitions result from the interaction of two cognitive systems. One of these handles competitive interactions for the possession of resources observed in many species including humans. The other handles mutually beneficial cooperation between agents, as observed in communal sharing, collective action and trade. Together, these systems attend to specific cues in the environment, and produce definite intuitions such as "this is hers," "that is not mine." This computational model provides an explanation for ownership intuitions, not just in straightforward cases of property, but also in disputed ownership (squatters, indigenous rights), historical changes (abolition of slavery), as well as apparently marginal cases, such as the questions, whether people own their seats on the bus, or their places in a queue, and how people understand "cultural appropriation" and slavery. In contrast to some previous theories, the model is empirically testable and free of ad hoc stipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Boyer
- Departments of Anthropology and Psychology & Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA ; http://www.pascalboyer.net
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Sah E. Uniquely You, Uniquely Yours? Applying the Current Property Law Regime to Human DNA Samples. J Law Med 2022; 29:725-739. [PMID: 36056663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid developments in biotechnology have brought questions regarding ownership of human genetic material to the forefront of the public conscience. This article aims to determine the current approach of Australian and United Kingdom courts to property disputes regarding human biological material and adjudicate its relevance in the context of human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ownership. Following initial exploration of the question of whether DNA ought to be considered an object of property, it argues that the dominant approach established by the landmark decision of Doodeward v Spence (1908) 6 CLR 406 is weaker than the newer "guided discretion" basis in the DNA context. It concludes this latter approach is far better equipped to respond to key policy concerns associated with recognising property rights in DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Sah
- Solicitor, HopgoodGanim Lawyers, Brisbane, Australia
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Li MM, Wang YK, Sheng YH, Huang X, Yue H, Liu SY. [Application of UPLC-QTOF-MS non-targeted metabonomics in mechanism study of property differences of ginseng and American ginseng]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:5930-5935. [PMID: 34951184 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210811.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study adopted ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UPLC-QTOF-MS)-based untargeted metabolomic approaches for exploring the changes in endogenous metabolites of rat serum related to property differences between ginseng and American ginseng. Then the action mechanisms of them with warm and cool properties and the effects of processing on their property changes were investigated. Based on principal component analysis(PCA), the differences in metabolite profiles between ginseng, red ginseng, American ginseng, and red American ginseng were compared. After that, 16 potential differential endogenous biomarkers were identified by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis(OPLS-DA) and online database searching. And the related metabolic pathways were systematically analyzed. By comparing content variations of these 16 potential differential endogenous biomarkers, we have found that 10 potential differential biomarkers were responsible for the warm property of ginseng and red ginseng, and 9 were related to the cool property of American ginseng and red American ginseng. As demonstrated by in-depth analysis of related metabolic pathways of differential biomarkers, ginseng and American ginseng mainly played a role in regulating the energy metabolism of amino acid, glycolysis, and fatty acids, during which they exhibited differences in property. The comparison of content variations of these differential endogenous between groups revealed that the energy metabolism of red ginseng group was stronger than that of ginseng group, consistent with the traditional processing theory that the warming and tonifying effects of ginseng could be enhanced after processing. The property of red American ginseng was similar to that of American ginseng, both cool in property, but American ginseng was cooler than red American ginseng. It can be seen that non-targeted metabolomic approaches can be utilized to study mechanisms underlying property differences of Chinese medicines and the effects of processing on their property changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Meng Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yi-Kai Wang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China
| | - Yan-Hua Sheng
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China
| | - Hao Yue
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun 130117, China Changchun Center of Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022, China
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Petit J, Bres C, Reynoud N, Lahaye M, Marion D, Bakan B, Rothan C. Unraveling Cuticle Formation, Structure, and Properties by Using Tomato Genetic Diversity. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:778131. [PMID: 34912361 PMCID: PMC8667768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.778131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) fruit has a thick, astomatous cuticle that has become a model for the study of cuticle formation, structure, and properties in plants. Tomato is also a major horticultural crop and a long-standing model for research in genetics, fruit development, and disease resistance. As a result, a wealth of genetic resources and genomic tools have been established, including collections of natural and artificially induced genetic diversity, introgression lines of genome fragments from wild relatives, high-quality genome sequences, phenotype and gene expression databases, and efficient methods for genetic transformation and editing of target genes. This mini-review reports the considerable progresses made in recent years in our understanding of cuticle by using and generating genetic diversity for cuticle-associated traits in tomato. These include the synthesis of the main cuticle components (cutin and waxes), their role in the structure and properties of the cuticle, their interaction with other cell wall polymers as well as the regulation of cuticle formation. It also addresses the opportunities offered by the untapped germplasm diversity available in tomato and the current strategies available to exploit them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Petit
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Cécile Bres
- INRAE, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR BFP, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nicolas Reynoud
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Lahaye
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Didier Marion
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
| | - Bénédicte Bakan
- Unité Biopolymères, Interactions, Assemblages, INRAE, Nantes, France
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Han X, Chen T, Zhao Y, Gao J, Sang Y, Xiong H, Chen Z. Relationship between the Microstructure and Performance of Graphene/Polyethylene Composites Investigated by Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:2990. [PMID: 34835754 PMCID: PMC8619168 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative characterization of microstructure is most desirable for the establishment of structure-property relationships in polymer nanocomposites. In this work, the effects of graphene on the microstructure, mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the obtained graphene/polyethylene (PE) composites were investigated. In order to reveal the structure-performance relationship of graphene/PE composites, especially for the effects of the relative free volume fraction (fr) and interfacial interaction intensity (β), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) was employed for its quantitative description. The relative free volume fraction fr gives a good explanation of the variation for surface resistivity, melting temperature, and thermal stability, and the variation of tensile strength and thermal conductivity agree well with the results of interfacial interaction intensity β. The results showed that fr and β have a significant effect on the properties of the obtained graphene/PE composites, and the effect on the properties was revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jie Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.X.)
| | | | | | - Zhiyuan Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Radiation Chemistry and Functional Materials, School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China; (X.H.); (T.C.); (Y.Z.); (Y.S.); (H.X.)
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38
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Li H, Zhao T, Li H, Yu J. Effect of Heat Treatment on the Property, Structure, and Aggregation of Skim Milk Proteins. Front Nutr 2021; 8:714869. [PMID: 34604276 PMCID: PMC8485980 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.714869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
To study the mechanism of heat-induced protein aggregates, skim milk was heated at 55, 65, 75, 85, and 95°C for 30 s. Then, the sulfhydryl content, surface hydrophobicity, and secondary structure of heat-treated skim milk were studied. Treating skim milk at different temperatures induced a decrease in sulfhydryl content (75.9% at 95°C) and an increase in surface hydrophobicity (44% at 95°C) with a disrupted secondary structure containing random coil, β-sheet, and β-turn of skim milk proteins. The change in these properties facilitated aggregate formation through disulfide bonds and hydrophobicity interaction. Microstructural observation also showed a higher degree of aggregation when skim milk was heated at 85 and 95°C. The result of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated that the aggregates consisted of a high proportion of κ-casein, β-lactoglobulin, and other whey proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinghua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, College of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
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39
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Liang FR, Yin ZH. [Retrospect and prospect of researches on acupoint property: commemorating the 40th anniversary of Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion's founding]. Zhongguo Zhen Jiu 2021; 41:957-60. [PMID: 34491642 DOI: 10.13703/j.0255-2930.20210617-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The researches on acupoint property at modern times have been reviewed. Under the influence of TCM theory and modern technology, acupoint property is classified into generality, individuality and bidirectional regulation. It is affected mainly by acupoint compatibility, intervention measures, body state, etc. The research of acupoint property should be based on the connotation and clinical application of acupoint, adhere to the guidance of TCM theory, strengthen the exploration on the richness of acupoint property, implement the intersection of multi-disciplines to discover the specificity of acupoint, as well as investigate the relevant factors of acupoint property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Rong Liang
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Zi-Han Yin
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of TCM, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan Province, China
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40
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Zhang C, Zhang Z, Qi Y. Preparation, Structure, and Properties of Polystyrene-Microsphere-Reinforced PEG-Based Hydrogels. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2605. [PMID: 34451147 PMCID: PMC8398237 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the mechanical strength and practicability of hydrogels, polystyrene microspheres with core-shell structure were prepared by the soap-free emulsion polymerization, polyethylene glycol hydrogels with polystyrene microspheres by the in-situ polymerization. The structure, morphology, roughness, swelling property, surface energy, and mechanical properties of the microspheres and hydrogels were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, confocal laser microscopy, swelling test, contact angle measurement, and compression test. The results showed that they have certain swelling capacity and excellent mechanical properties, and can change from hydrophobic to hydrophilic surface. The reason is that the hydrophilic chain segment can migrate, enrich, and form a hydration layer on the surface after soaking for a certain time. Introducing proper content of polystyrene microspheres into the hydrogel, the compressive strength and swelling degree improved obviously. Increasing the content of polystyrene microspheres, the surface energy of the hydrogels decreased gradually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Zhanping Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yuhong Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
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41
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Verma P, Srivastava A, Srivastava K, Tandon P, Shimpi MR. Molecular Structure, Spectral Investigations, Hydrogen Bonding Interactions and Reactivity- Property Relationship of Caffeine-Citric Acid Cocrystal by Experimental and DFT Approach. Front Chem 2021; 9:708538. [PMID: 34381761 PMCID: PMC8350318 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.708538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmaceutical cocrystal of caffeine-citric acid (CAF-CA, Form II) has been studied to explore the presence of hydrogen bonding interactions and structure-reactivity-property relationship between the two constituents CAF and Citric acid. The cocrystal was prepared by slurry crystallization. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis was done to characterize CAF-CA cocrystal. Also, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the existence of CAF-CA cocrystal. The vibrational spectroscopic (FT-IR and FT-Raman) signatures and quantum chemical approach have been used as a strategy to get insights into structural and spectral features of CAF-CA cocrystal. There was a good correlation among the experimental and theoretical results of dimer of cocrystal, as this model is capable of covering all nearest possible interactions present in the crystal structure of cocrystal. The spectroscopic results confirmed that (O33-H34) mode forms an intramolecular (C25 = O28∙∙∙H34-O33), while (O26-H27) (O39-H40) and (O43-H44) groups form intermolecular hydrogen bonding (O26-H27∙∙∙N24-C22, O39-H40∙∙∙O52 = C51 and O43-H44∙∙∙O86 = C83) in cocrystal due to red shifting and increment in bond length. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) analysis revealed (O88-H89∙∙∙O41) as strongest intermolecular hydrogen bonding interaction with interaction energy -12.4247 kcal mol-1 in CAF-CA cocrystal. The natural bond orbital analysis of the second-order theory of the Fock matrix highlighted the presence of strong interactions (N∙∙∙H and O∙∙∙H) in cocrystal. The HOMO-LUMO energy gap value shows that the CAF-CA cocrystal is more reactive, less stable and softer than CAF active pharmaceutical ingredients. The electrophilic and nucleophilic reactivities of atomic sites involved in intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions in cocrystal have been demonstrated by mapping electron density isosurfaces over electrostatic potential i.e. plotting molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) map. The molar refractivity value of cocrystal lies within the set range by Lipinski and hence it may be used as orally active form. The results show that the physicochemical properties of CAF-CA cocrystal are enhanced in comparison to CAF (API).
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Verma
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | | | | | - Poonam Tandon
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
| | - Manishkumar R. Shimpi
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Chemistry of Interfaces, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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42
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Liddell K, Simon DA, Lucassen A. Patient data ownership: who owns your health? J Law Biosci 2021; 8:lsab023. [PMID: 34611493 PMCID: PMC8487665 DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsab023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article answers two questions from the perspective of United Kingdom law and policy: (i) is health information property? and (ii) should it be? We argue that special features of health information make it unsuitable for conferral of property rights without an extensive system of data-specific rules, like those that govern intellectual property. Additionally, we argue that even if an extensive set of rules were developed, the advantages of a property framework to govern health information would be slight: propertization is unlikely to enhance patient self-determination, increase market efficiency, provide patients a foothold in the data economy, clarify legal uses of information, or encourage data-driven innovation. The better approach is to rely less, not more, on property. We recommend a regulatory model with four signature features: (i) substantial protection for personal health data similar to the GDPR with transparent limits on how, when, and by whom patient data can be accessed, used, and transmitted; (ii) input from relevant stakeholders; (iii) interoperability; and (iv) greater research into a health-data service, rather than goods, model.
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43
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Sorbie A, Gueddana W, Laurie G, Townend D. Examining the power of the social imaginary through competing narratives of data ownership in health research. J Law Biosci 2021; 8:lsaa068. [PMID: 34408899 PMCID: PMC8366713 DOI: 10.1093/jlb/lsaa068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article explores the social imaginary in the context of data ownership and the (non-)delivery of the data sharing revolution in biomedicine. We contribute to this special issue on imaginaries by developing a method and paradigm of 'competing narratives'. Despite multiple initiatives to encourage health data sharing, and a strong 'open access' agenda, the data sharing revolution is not yet delivered. Ownership is persistently (though inconsistently) presented as a barrier to data sharing. However, existing literature does not reveal how far appeals to ownership are part of the problem. This paper reports original, interdisciplinary research asking: in health research, in what ways, if at all, do notions of ownership (broadly conceived) of health-related data impact on sharing practices? Doctrinal and empirical research methods are used to expose evidence of drivers behind appeals to ownership in health data sharing. The findings speak to how funders and data custodians can better tailor existing and potential data sharing initiatives to perspectives and behaviors. The concept of 'my data' is important: notions of reward, opportunity, control, and safeguarding establish legitimate, potentially competing 'ownership' interests in data. In particular, this research raises questions about the long-term effectiveness of an open access ideology that ignores these subtleties. In conclusion we find power in the social imaginary of ownership with respect to biomedical data; however, that power emerges and is enacted in unexpected ways by multiple actors within the ecosystem, often driven by competing narratives about what is at stake. Importantly, formal legal property-type appeals to ownership appear to have far less power in the narratives about data than the ethical and social concerns that underpin responsible biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Sorbie
- Edinburgh Law School, Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, Edinburgh University, UK
| | - Wifak Gueddana
- Department of Digital Humanities, Kings College London, UK
| | - Graeme Laurie
- Edinburgh Law School, Mason Institute for Medicine, Life Sciences and the Law, Edinburgh University, UK
| | - David Townend
- Department of Health, Ethics, and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, NL
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44
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Wang L, Li P, Ren Y, Bai F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Jin W, El-Seedi H, Gao R. A novel extraction approach and unique physicochemical properties of gelatin from the swim bladder of sturgeon. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:2912-2919. [PMID: 33155672 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gelatin is traditionally produced from mammals and widely applied in the food industry. The production is tedious, time-consuming and environment-unfriendly, while the application is restricted because of zoonosis risk and religious sentiment. RESULTS Gelatin was extracted by hot water from sturgeon swim bladder after defatting with alcohol and hexane. The yield reached to 94.15% under the optimized conditions of 50 °C, 30 min and 10 mL g-1 . Its amino acid and subunit profiles were similar to type I collagen. Compared to commercial porcine, bovine and piscine gelatins, it exhibited higher whiteness (3.38), emulsion activity (171.76 m2 g-1 ), gel strength (853.23 g), water-holding capacity (92.37%) and viscoelasticity (0.03). But the transmittance (40.56% at 450 nm and 59.07% at 620 nm), emulsion stability (30.09 min), foam expansion (203.00) and stability (26.92), gelling (16.88 °C) and melting temperature (21.80 °C) were lower. While the pH (6.87) and viscosity (28.60 mPa s) were moderate. Moreover, it made better hydrogels and nanofibers. CONCLUSION Gelatin was extracted from sturgeon swim bladder using a clean and efficient approach, and exhibited unique properties and great potential for the food industry. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Peiyu Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuhan Ren
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Fan Bai
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- Quzhou Xunlong Aquatic Products Sci-tech Development Co., Ltd., Quzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wengang Jin
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Hesham El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Biomedical Center, Uppsala, Sweden
- International Research Center for Food Nutrition and Safety, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ruichang Gao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Bio-resources Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province, School of Biological Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
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45
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Duan Q, An J, Mao H, Liang D, Li H, Wang S, Huang C. Review about the Application of Fractal Theory in the Research of Packaging Materials. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14040860. [PMID: 33670233 PMCID: PMC7916937 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The work is intended to summarize the recent progress in the work of fractal theory in packaging material to provide important insights into applied research on fractal in packaging materials. The fractal analysis methods employed for inorganic materials such as metal alloys and ceramics, polymers, and their composites are reviewed from the aspects of fractal feature extraction and fractal dimension calculation methods. Through the fractal dimension of packaging materials and the fractal in their preparation process, the relationship between the fractal characteristic parameters and the properties of packaging materials is discussed. The fractal analysis method can qualitatively and quantitatively characterize the fractal characteristics, microstructure, and properties of a large number of various types of packaging materials. The method of using fractal theory to probe the preparation and properties of packaging materials is universal; the relationship between the properties of packaging materials and fractal dimension will be a critical trend of fractal theory in the research on properties of packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Duan
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiejie An
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hanling Mao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
| | - Dongwu Liang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shuangfei Wang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Chongxing Huang
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (Q.D.); (J.A.); (D.L.); (H.L.); (S.W.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Nanning 530004, China
- Correspondence:
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46
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Reddy SG. Beyond property or beyond Piketty? Br J Sociol 2021; 72:8-25. [PMID: 33764513 DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Capital and Ideology represents a significant further statement from Thomas Piketty. The arguments made by the "New Piketty" are largely compatible with those of his previous Capital in the Twenty-First Century, but reflect broadening of scope and deepening of causal analysis, most markedly through the adoption of a world historical perspective. The result is a fuller offering for understanding inequality's pattern in the world, why it exists and how we can best respond to it. The book presents a wide range of arguments, which do not on first glance appear unified. This review essay distills these into six propositions, describes and evaluates each in turn, and identifies some threads that link them. In the process, it provides a critical assessment of Capital and Ideology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G Reddy
- Department of Economics, The New School for Social Research, New York, NY, USA
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47
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Li A, Li A, Deng Z, Guo J, Wu H. Cross-Species Annotation of Expressed Genes and Detection of Different Functional Gene Modules Between 10 Cold- and 10 Hot-Propertied Chinese Herbal Medicines. Front Genet 2020; 11:532. [PMID: 32625232 PMCID: PMC7314971 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) system, Chinese herbal medicines (HMs) can be divided into four categories: hot, warm, cold, and cool. A cool nature usually is categorized as a cold nature, and a warm nature is classified as a hot nature. However, the detectable characteristics of the gene expression profile associated with the cold and hot properties have not been studied. To address this question, a strategy for the cross-species annotation of conserved genes was established in the present study by using transcriptome data of 20 HMs with cold and hot properties. Functional enrichment analysis was performed on group-specific expressed genes inferred from the functional genome of the reference species (i.e., Arabidopsis). Results showed that metabolic pathways relevant to chrysoeriol, luteolin, paniculatin, and wogonin were enriched for cold-specific genes, and pathways of inositol, heptadecane, lauric acid, octanoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, and pentadecanoic acid were enriched for hot-specific genes. Six functional modules were identified in the HMs with the cold property: nucleotide biosynthetic process, peptidy-L-cysteine S-palmitoylation, lipid modification, base-excision repair, dipeptide transport, and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress. For the hot HMs, another six functional modules were identified: embryonic meristem development, embryonic pattern specification, axis specification, regulation of RNA polymerase II transcriptional preinitiation complex assembly, mitochondrial RNA modification, and cell redox homeostasis. The research provided a new insight into HMs’ cold and hot properties from the perspective of the gene expression profile of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arong Li
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqian Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhijun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiewen Guo
- Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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48
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary L Francione
- Rutgers University School of Law, Camden/Newark, New Jersey School of History and Heritage, Philosophy Department, University of Lincoln (U.K.)
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49
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Fu Z, Wang S, Li J, Zhang Y, Li H, Li G, Wan X, Zhang Y. Biological role of GITR/GITRL in attributes and immune responses of macrophage. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:309-321. [PMID: 31833599 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3a0919-387rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family-related protein ligand (GITRL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is expressed in APCs and acts as a costimulatory molecule in the immune system. Although the glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR)/GITRL system has been modulated to promote or decrease T cell-related responses in multiple diseases, studies in macrophages are limited. To address this issue, we compared the expression of GITRL in various types of macrophages and analyzed whether GITRL can affect the fundamental properties and major functions of these cells. Our results demonstrated that M1 polarized macrophages had the highest GITRL levels. Furthermore, GITRL overexpression skewed macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, accelerating proliferation and migration and regulating phagocytosis and killing function. Moreover, GITRL-silenced cells showed a loss of these functions, further confirming its vital role. We also developed an acute peritonitis mouse model, in which macrophages were driven to differentiate into a proinflammatory phenotype with GITRL up-regulation, triggering a positive feedback loop. Our results provide molecular insight into how the GITR/GITRL system modulates innate immune responses, suggesting that manipulation of the GITR/GITRL system to treat diseases depends not only on T cell regulation but also on macrophage participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Han Li
- Department of Infection Control, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Guangquan Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetic, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Xue Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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Li Y, Yu T, Zhang Y, Hu J, Chen T, Wang Y, Xu K. Novel Energetic Coordination Polymers Based on 1,5-Di(nitramino)tetrazole With High Oxygen Content and Outstanding Properties: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Detonation Properties. Front Chem 2019; 7:672. [PMID: 31681726 PMCID: PMC6803599 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel 1,5-di(nitramino)tetrazole (DNAT)-based bimetallic energetic coordination polymers, MK2(DNAT)2·4H2O [M = Fe, Cu, Ni, Co, and Zn], were designed and synthesized in a simple and convenient self-assembly synthetic process. The obtained compounds were fully characterized by IR spectroscopy, multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, the structures of target compounds were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Based on the room-temperature X-ray densities (2.095–2.138 g cm−3) and the calculated (CBS–QB3) heats of formation (−41.3 to 170.5 kJ mol−1), the detonation properties such as detonation velocities (8,147.0–8,478.4 m s−1) and detonation pressures (29.7–32.8 GPa) were computed using the EXPLO5 v6.04 program. Their excellent energetic properties indicated that they could serve as promising “green” primary explosives for replacement of lead azide (LA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yiying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinglei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Kangzhen Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
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