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Mustafa D, Overhulse JM, Kashemirov BA, McKenna CE. Microwave-Accelerated McKenna Synthesis of Phosphonic Acids: An Investigation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083497. [PMID: 37110732 PMCID: PMC10144917 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphonic acids represent one of the most important categories of organophosphorus compounds, with myriad examples found in chemical biology, medicine, materials, and other domains. Phosphonic acids are rapidly and conveniently prepared from their simple dialkyl esters by silyldealkylation with bromotrimethylsilane (BTMS), followed by desilylation upon contact with water or methanol. Introduced originally by McKenna, the BTMS route to phosphonic acids has long been a favored method due to its convenience, high yields, very mild conditions, and chemoselectivity. We systematically investigated microwave irradiation as a means to accelerate the BTMS silyldealkylations (MW-BTMS) of a series of dialkyl methylphosphonates with respect to solvent polarity (ACN, dioxane, neat BTMS, DMF, and sulfolane), alkyl group (Me, Et, and iPr), electron-withdrawing P-substitution, and phosphonate-carboxylate triester chemoselectivity. Control reactions were performed using conventional heating. We also applied MW-BTMS to the preparation of three acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (ANPs, an important class of antiviral and anticancer drugs), which were reported to undergo partial nucleoside degradation under MW hydrolysis with HCl at 130-140 °C (MW-HCl, a proposed alternative to BTMS). In all cases, MW-BTMS dramatically accelerated quantitative silyldealkylation compared to BTMS with conventional heating and was highly chemoselective, confirming it to be an important enhancement of the conventional BTMS method with significant advantages over the MW-HCl method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mustafa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Justin M Overhulse
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Boris A Kashemirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Charles E McKenna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Harsági N, Szőllősi B, Varga PR, Keglevich G. Hydrolysis and alcoholysis of phosphinates and phosphonates. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1991345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Harsági
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Betti Szőllősi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Regina Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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Keglevich G, Harsági N, Varga PR, Huszár B, Henyecz R, Kiss NZ, Mucsi Z, Bagi P. Newer developments in the green synthesis of tertiary phosphine oxides, phosphinates, phosphonates and their derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1990924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikoletta Harsági
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra R. Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bianka Huszár
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Henyecz
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Z. Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Mucsi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Bagi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
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Harsági N, Keglevich G. The Hydrolysis of Phosphinates and Phosphonates: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26102840. [PMID: 34064764 PMCID: PMC8150351 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26102840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphinic and phosphonic acids are useful intermediates and biologically active compounds which may be prepared from their esters, phosphinates and phosphonates, respectively, by hydrolysis or dealkylation. The hydrolysis may take place both under acidic and basic conditions, but the C-O bond may also be cleaved by trimethylsilyl halides. The hydrolysis of P-esters is a challenging task because, in most cases, the optimized reaction conditions have not yet been explored. Despite the importance of the hydrolysis of P-esters, this field has not yet been fully surveyed. In order to fill this gap, examples of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis, as well as the dealkylation of phosphinates and phosphonates, are summarized in this review.
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Harsági N, Bertha C, Kiss NZ, Henyecz R, Varga PR, Ábrányi-Balogh P, Drahos L, Keglevich G. Alcoholysis Versus Fission of the Ester Group During the Reaction of Dialkyl Phenylphosphonates in the Presence of Ionic Liquids. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272825666210212115649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In the microwave-assisted alcoholysis of dialkyl phenylphosphonates performed in the presence of suitable ionic liquids, such as [bmim][BF4] or [bmim][PF6], affording the phosphonate with mixed alkoxy groups and the fully transesterified product, the fission of the phosphonate function to the ester-acid or diacid moiety was inevitable. Moreover, in the presence of [emim][HSO4], the reaction could be performed to afford the phosphonic esteracid with a selectivity of 66% and the diacid with a selectivity of 97%. The ester-acids provided by the new protocol may be valuable intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Harsági
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csilla Bertha
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Zsuzsa Kiss
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Réka Henyecz
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Regina Varga
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Ábrányi-Balogh
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Drahos
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, MS Proteomics Research Group, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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Keglevich G. Microwaves as "Co-Catalysts" or as Substitute for Catalysts in Organophosphorus Chemistry. Molecules 2021; 26:1196. [PMID: 33672361 PMCID: PMC7926777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik-Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P-C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Keglevich
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary
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Lentini NA, Schroeder CM, Harmon NM, Huang X, Schladetsch MA, Foust BJ, Poe MM, Hsiao CHC, Wiemer AJ, Wiemer DF. Synthesis and Metabolism of BTN3A1 Ligands: Studies on Modifications of the Allylic Alcohol. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:136-142. [PMID: 33488975 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.0c00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
(E)-4-Hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) and its phosphonate analogs are potent phosphoantigens. HMBPP contains an (E)-allylic alcohol which interacts with the molecular target BTN3A1 giving an antigenic signal to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. As probes of BTN3A1 function, we prepared prodrug derivatives of the HMBPP analog C-HMBP that lack the (E)-allylic alcohol or have modified it to an aldehyde or aldoxime and evaluated their biological activity. Removal of the alcohol completely abrogates phosphoantigenicity in these compounds while the aldoxime modification decreases potency relative to the (E)-allylic alcohol form. However, homoprenyl derivatives oxidized to an aldehyde stimulate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells at nanomolar concentrations. Selection of phosphonate protecting groups (i.e., prodrug forms) impacts the potency of phosphoantigen aldehydes, with mixed aryl acyloxyalkyl forms exhibiting superior activity relative to aryl amidate forms. The activity correlates with the cellular reduction of the aldehyde to the alcohol form. Thus, the functionality on this ligand framework can be altered concurrently with phosphonate protection to promote cellular transformation to highly potent phosphoantigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Lentini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Chloe M. Schroeder
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Nyema M. Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Xueting Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Megan A. Schladetsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Benjamin J. Foust
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
| | - Michael M. Poe
- Department of Chemistry, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008-5413, United States
| | - Chia-Hung Christine Hsiao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
| | - Andrew J. Wiemer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092,United States
- Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3092, United States
| | - David F. Wiemer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1294, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242-1109, United States
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Optimization and a Kinetic Study on the Acidic Hydrolysis of Dialkyl α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25173793. [PMID: 32825450 PMCID: PMC7504060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-step acidic hydrolysis of α-hydroxybenzylphosphonates and a few related derivatives was monitored in order to determine the kinetics and to map the reactivity of the differently substituted phosphonates in hydrolysis. Electron-withdrawing substituents increased the rate, while electron-releasing ones slowed down the reaction. Both hydrolysis steps were characterized by pseudo-first-order rate constants. The fission of the second P-O-C bond was found to be the rate-determining step.
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Li C, Saga Y, Onozawa SY, Kobayashi S, Sato K, Fukaya N, Han LB. Wet and Dry Processes for the Selective Transformation of Phosphonates to Phosphonic Acids Catalyzed by Brønsted Acids. J Org Chem 2020; 85:14411-14419. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunya Li
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yuta Saga
- New Products Development Laboratory, Maruzen Petrochemical Co., Ltd., Ichihara, Chiba 290-8503, Japan
| | - Shun-ya Onozawa
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Shu Kobayashi
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sato
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Norihisa Fukaya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
| | - Li-Biao Han
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan
- Division of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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