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Kobylinska N, Dudarko O, Gładysz-Płaska A, Tertykh VA, Majdan M. Optimal Synthesis of Novel Phosphonic Acid Modified Diatomite Adsorbents for Effective Removal of Uranium(VI) Ions from Aqueous Solutions. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5263. [PMID: 37569967 PMCID: PMC10419580 DOI: 10.3390/ma16155263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
The authors synthesized a series of functionalized diatomite-based materials and assessed their U(VI) removal performance. Phosphor-derivative-modified diatomite adsorbents were synthesized by the three-route procedures: polymerisation (DIT-Vin-PAin), covalent (DIT-Vin-PAcov), and non-covalent (DIT-PA) immobilization of the functional groups. The effects of the diatomite modification have been studied using powder XRD, solid state NMR, FTIR spectroscopy, electronic microscopy, EDX, acid-base titrations, etc. The maximum adsorption capacities of DIT-Vin-PAcov, DIT-PA, and DIT-Vin-PAin samples were 294.3 mg/g, 253.8 mg/g, and 315.9 mg/g, respectively, at pH0 = 9.0. The adsorption amount of U(VI) ions using the prepared DIT-Vin-PAin was 95.63%, which is higher compared with that of the natural diatomite at the same concentration. The adsorption studies demonstrated that the phosphonic and hydroxyl groups on the surface of the diatomite played pivotal roles in the U(VI) adsorption. The U(VI) ions as a "hard" Lewis acid could easily form bonds with the "hard" donor P-containing ligands, so that the as-prepared DIT-Vin-PAin sample had excellent adsorption properties. The monolayer adsorption of the analyte on the surface of the raw diatomite and DIT-PA was observed. It was found from the thermodynamic parameters that the uptake of the U(VI) ions by the obtained adsorbents was a spontaneous process with an endothermic effect. Findings of the present work highlight the potential for using modified diatomite as effective and reusable adsorbents for the extraction of U(VI) in the waste, river, and tap waters with satisfactory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kobylinska
- A.V. Dumansky Institute of Colloid and Water Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 42, Akad. Vernadskogo Blvd., 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oksana Dudarko
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Str., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Agnieszka Gładysz-Płaska
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Valentyn A. Tertykh
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, 17 General Naumov Str., 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marek Majdan
- Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, M. Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
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2
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Kitayama Y, Katayama A, Shao Z, Harada A. Biocompatible Polymer-Grafted TiO 2 Nanoparticle Sonosensitizers Prepared Using Phosphonic Acid-Functionalized RAFT Agent. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15112426. [PMID: 37299224 DOI: 10.3390/polym15112426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonodynamic therapy is widely used in clinical studies including cancer therapy. The development of sonosensitizers is important for enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) under sonication. Herein, we have developed poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC)-modified TiO2 nanoparticles as new biocompatible sonosensitizers with high colloidal stability under physiological conditions. To fabricate biocompatible sonosensitizers, a grafting-to approach was adopted with phosphonic-acid-functionalized PMPC, which was prepared by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) using a newly designed water-soluble RAFT agent possessing a phosphonic acid group. The phosphonic acid group can conjugate with the OH groups on the TiO2 nanoparticles. We have clarified that the phosphonic acid end group is more crucial for creating colloidally stable PMPC-modified TiO2 nanoparticles under physiological conditions than carboxylic-acid-functionalized PMPC-modified ones. Furthermore, the enhanced generation of singlet oxygen (1O2), an ROS, in the presence of PMPC-modified TiO2 nanoparticles was confirmed using a 1O2-reactive fluorescent probe. We believe that the PMPC-modified TiO2 nanoparticles prepared herein have potential utility as novel biocompatible sonosensitizers for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiya Kitayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aoi Katayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Zhicheng Shao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Harada
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai 599-8531, Osaka, Japan
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3
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Castellan I, Del Aguila M, Ferreira L, Santonja GG, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Tiramani M, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels in leeks and spring onions/green onions/Welsh onions resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates. EFSA J 2023; 21:e08033. [PMID: 37260452 PMCID: PMC10227727 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF Agro B.V. Arnhem (NL) Freienbach Branch submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in leeks and spring onions/green onions/Welsh onions. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of potassium phosphonates in accordance with the proposed residue definition 'phosphonic acid and its salts expressed as phosphonic acid' on the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results and assuming that the exiting MRLs will be amended as proposed by EFSA in previous outputs, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. Considering the toxicological profile of the active substance, a short-term dietary risk assessment was not required. The risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative because some MRL proposals derived by EFSA in the framework of the MRL review according to Articles 12 and 43 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005 require further consideration by risk managers.
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4
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Sudo T, Yamashita S, Koike N, Kamiya H, Okada Y. Dispersibility of TiO 2 Nanoparticles in Less Polar Solvents: Role of Ligand Tail Structures. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203608. [PMID: 36575960 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) are inherently prone to aggregation and loss of their size-derived properties, thus it is essential to enhance their dispersibility for applications. In less polar solvents, organic ligands containing oleyl groups are known as good dispersants due to their inefficient shell packing and inhibition of chain-chain crystallization as well as interdigitation between adjacent NPs. However, reagents with oleyl structures, such as oleic acid and oleylamine, can contain trans double bonds and saturated impurities, which might affect the chemical and/or physical properties of the NPs. Nevertheless, the effect of slight differences in surface ligand structure, including isomers, on the dispersibility of NPs has been little studied. We have synthesized five phosphonic acid ligands to investigate the structure-dispersibility relationship in detail. Dynamic light scattering and visible light transmittance revealed that not only regio- but also the stereochemistries of the C=C double bond in the ligand molecule, as well as the choice of solvent, are key factors in enhancing dispersibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sudo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamashita
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Natsumi Koike
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan
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Zhao J, Lu P, He T, Huang J, Zhang S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Meng C, Yuan D. Highly Efficient Removal of Uranium from an Aqueous Solution by a Novel Phosphonic Acid-Functionalized Magnetic Microsphere Adsorbent. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of adsorption materials which can efficiently isolate and enrich uranium is of great scientific significance to sustainable development and environmental protection. In this work, a novel phosphonic acid-functionalized magnetic microsphere adsorbent Fe3O4/P (GMA-MBA)-PO4 was developed by functionalized Fe3O4/P (GMA-MBA) prepared by distill-precipitation polymerization with O-phosphoethanolamine. The adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and kinetically followed the pseudo second-order model. The maximum uranium adsorption capacity obtained from the Langmuir model was 333.33 mg g-1 at 298 K. In addition, the adsorbent also had good acid resistance and superparamagnetic properties, which could be quickly separated by a magnetic field. XPS analysis showed that the adsorption of adsorbent mainly depended on the complexation of phosphonic acid group with uranium. This work offers a promising candidate for the application of magnetic adsorbents in the field of uranium separation and enrichment.
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Zhao R, Schmutz P, Jeurgens LPH, Chen J, Gooneie A, Ott N, Gaan S, Heuberger M. Two Steady-State Adsorption Modes of Phosphonic Acids on Aluminum Surfaces. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:39467-39477. [PMID: 35994435 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phosphonic acid (PA) surface treatment on various metal substrates is of high industrial relevance, and the PA molecular structure significantly affects its quality. In this work, systematic variation of the PA molecular steric and electron environment helps discern two steady-state adsorption modes on an aluminum surface. The PA molecular structure was varied systematically, which included inorganic phosphorus acid, alkyl phosphonic acids, and phenyl phosphonic acids. To explore their in situ dynamics of adsorption/desorption on the electrochemically unstable aluminum, techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry were employed. A range of different types of interfacial layers are formed on the aluminum surface, namely, from the dissolution-limiting physisorbed layer to a quasi-inhibiting chemisorbed layer on the aluminum surface in acidic (pH ≈ 2.2) solution. Presented findings establish the dynamic steady-state nature of this type of interface. They reveal fundamental relationships among adsorbent steric or electronic effects, the steady-state interface morphology, and the steady-state aluminum dissolution rate. The study brings also a more differentiated molecular structure-related description of the aluminum dissolution inhibition of PAs and relates it to molecular density functional theory calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohan Zhao
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Advanced Fibers, 9030 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Joining Technologies and Corrosion, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrik Schmutz
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Joining Technologies and Corrosion, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars P H Jeurgens
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Joining Technologies and Corrosion, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jiuke Chen
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Advanced Fibers, 9030 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ali Gooneie
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Advanced Fibers, 9030 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- Maastricht University, Department of Circular Chemical Engineering, Chair of Circular Plastics, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Noémie Ott
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Joining Technologies and Corrosion, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Advanced Fibers, 9030 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Heuberger
- Empa, Materials Science and Technology, Advanced Fibers, 9030 St. Gallen, Switzerland
- ETH Zurich, Department of Materials, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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Deblock L, Goossens E, Pokratath R, De Buysser K, De Roo J. Mapping out the Aqueous Surface Chemistry of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals: Carboxylate, Phosphonate, and Catecholate Ligands. JACS Au 2022; 2:711-722. [PMID: 35373200 PMCID: PMC8969999 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Iron oxide and hafnium oxide nanocrystals are two of the few successful examples of inorganic nanocrystals used in a clinical setting. Although crucial to their application, their aqueous surface chemistry is not fully understood. The literature contains conflicting reports regarding the optimum binding group. To alleviate these inconsistencies, we set out to systematically investigate the interaction of carboxylic acids, phosphonic acids, and catechols to metal oxide nanocrystals in polar media. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering, we map out the pH-dependent binding affinity of the ligands toward hafnium oxide nanocrystals (an NMR-compatible model system). Carboxylic acids easily desorb in water from the surface and only provide limited colloidal stability from pH 2 to pH 6. Phosphonic acids, on the other hand, provide colloidal stability over a broader pH range but also feature a pH-dependent desorption from the surface. They are most suited for acidic to neutral environments (pH <8). Finally, nitrocatechol derivatives provide a tightly bound ligand shell and colloidal stability at physiological and basic pH (6-10). Whereas dynamically bound ligands (carboxylates and phosphonates) do not provide colloidal stability in phosphate-buffered saline, the tightly bound nitrocatechols provide long-term stability. We thus shed light on the complex ligand binding dynamics on metal oxide nanocrystals in aqueous environments. Finally, we provide a practical colloidal stability map, guiding researchers to rationally design ligands for their desired application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Deblock
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eline Goossens
- Department
of Chemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rohan Pokratath
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jonathan De Roo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Basel, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Giles SL, Kastl AM, Purdy AP, Leff AC, Ratchford DC, Maza WA, Baturina OA. Surface- and Structural-Dependent Reactivity of Titanium Oxide Nanostructures with 2-Chloroethyl Ethyl Sulfide under Ambient Conditions. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:9655-9666. [PMID: 35134290 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Robust materials capable of heterogeneous reactivity are valuable for addressing toxic chemical clean up. Synthetic manipulations for generating titanium oxide nanomaterials have been utilized to alter both photochemical (1000 nm > λ > 400 nm) and chemical heterogeneous reactivity with 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES). Synthesizing TiO2 nanomaterials in the presence of long-chain alkylphosphonic acids enhanced the visible light-driven oxidation of the thioether sulfur of 2-CEES. Photooxidation reaction rates of 99 and 168 μmol/g/h (quantum yields of 5.07 × 10-4 and 8.58 × 10-4 molecules/photon, respectively) were observed for samples made with two different alkylphosphonic acids (C14H29PO3H2 and C9H19PO3H2, respectively). These observations are correlated with (i) generation of new surface defects/states (i.e., oxygen vacancies) as a result of TiO2 grafting by alkylphosphonic acid that may serve as reaction active sites, (ii) better light absorption by assemblies of nanorods and nanowires in comparison to individual nanorods, (iii) surface area differences, and (iv) the exclusion of OH groups due to the surface functionalization with alkylphosphonic acids via Ti-O-P bonds on the TiO2. Alternatively, nanowire-form H2Ti2O5·H2O was produced and found to be capable of highly efficient hydrolysis of the carbon-chlorine (C-Cl) bond of 2-CEES in the dark with a reaction rate of 279.2 μmol/g/h due to the high surface area and chemical nature of the titanate structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spencer L Giles
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Anastasia M Kastl
- NREIP Intern, Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Andrew P Purdy
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Asher C Leff
- Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
- General Technical Services, Adelphi, Maryland 20783, United States
| | - Daniel C Ratchford
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - William A Maza
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Olga A Baturina
- Chemistry Division, United States Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Ferreira L, Giner G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Oriol Magrans J, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Pia Scarlato A, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fosetyl/ phosphonic acid in chards/beet leaves and honey resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates. EFSA J 2022; 20:e06992. [PMID: 35003345 PMCID: PMC8721545 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.6992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant BASF SE submitted a request to the competent national authority in the Netherlands to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for fosetyl/phosphonic acid (fosetyl-Al (sum of fosetyl, phosphonic acid and their salts, expressed as fosetyl)) in chards/beet leaves and honey. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for the commodities under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fosetyl and phosphonic acid in chards/beet leaves and honey. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of phosphonic acid residues resulting in chard/beet leaves and honey from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Cabrera LC, Ferreira L, Giner G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fosetyl/ phosphonic acid in apricots, cherries and plums resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07106. [PMID: 35079291 PMCID: PMC8771293 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant LAINCO S.A. submitted a request to the competent national authority in Greece to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs), currently expressed as fosetyl in the MRL Regulation, resulting from the use of the active substance potassium phosphonates on apricots, cherries and plums. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals and address the data gap for residue trials compliant with the Southern EU uses identified in the joint MRL review for cherries and plums, but insufficient for apricots. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues on the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the uses of potassium phosphonates according to the intended agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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Aresti A, Aragoneses J, López-Valverde N, Suárez A, Aragoneses JM. Effectiveness of Biofunctionalization of Titanium Surfaces with Phosphonic Acid. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1663. [PMID: 34829894 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface functionalization of dental implant surfaces has been a developing field in biomaterial research. This study aimed to obtain self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) using carboxyethylphosphonic acid on the surface of titanium (Ti) screws, and assessed the surface characteristics, biomechanical, and cellular behavior on the obtained specimens. This study had three groups, i.e., a control (untreated screws), a test group treated with phosphonic acid, and a third group with treated acid and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP-2) for in vitro analysis of cell lines. The assessed parameters included surface wettability, surface characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), protein immobilization, and cellular behavior of fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells of adipose tissue (MSCat cells). For surface wettability, a Welch test was performed to compare the contact angles between control (67 ± 1.83) and test (18.84 ± 0.72) groups, and a difference was observed in the mean measurements, but was not statistically significant. The SEM analysis showed significant surface roughness on the test screws and the cellular behavior of fibroblasts, and MSCat cells were significantly improved in this group, with fibroblasts having a polygonal shape with numerous vesicles and MSCat cells stable and uniformly coating the test Ti surface. Surface biofunctionalization of Ti surfaces with phosphonic acid showed promising results in this study, but remains to be clinically validated for its applications.
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12
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Ferreira L, Giner G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kazocina A, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fosetyl/ phosphonic acid in citrus fruits resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06926. [PMID: 34795799 PMCID: PMC8579858 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Luxembourg Industries (Pamol) Ltd submitted a request to the competent national authority in Spain to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for fosetyl/phosphonic acid (fosetyl-Al (sum of fosetyl, phosphonic acid and their salts, expressed as fosetyl)) in citrus fruits. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of potassium phosphonates according to the existing and proposed residue definitions for enforcement in the commodities under consideration. Since EFSA raised concerns regarding the independence of some of the residue trials submitted in support of the MRL application, EFSA presented three options of MRL proposals for further risk management consideration. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates on citrus crops according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health.
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13
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Feriancová L, Kmentová I, Micjan M, Pavúk M, Weis M, Putala M. Synthesis and Effect of the Structure of Bithienyl-Terminated Surfactants for Dielectric Layer Modification in Organic Transistor. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14216345. [PMID: 34771870 PMCID: PMC8585473 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A series of bithienyl-terminated surfactants with various alkyl chain lengths (from C8 to C13) and phosphono or chlorodimethylsilyl anchoring groups were synthesized by palladium-catalyzed hydrophosphonation, or platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation as a key step. Surfactants were tested in pentacene or α-sexithiophene-based organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) for the modification of the dielectric surface. The studied surfactants increased the effective mobility of the α-sexithiophene-based device by up to one order of magnitude. The length of alkyl chain showed to be significant for the pentacene-based device, as the effective mobility only increased in the case of dielectric modification with bithienylundecylphosphonic acid. AFM allowed a better understanding of the morphology of semiconductors on bare SiO2 and surfaces treated with bithienylundecylphosphonic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Feriancová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Iveta Kmentová
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.F.); (I.K.)
| | - Michal Micjan
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovičova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Milan Pavúk
- Institute of Nuclear and Physical Engineering, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovičova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Martin Weis
- Institute of Electronics and Photonics, Slovak University of Technology, Ilkovičova 3, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (M.P.); Tel.: +421-910942310 (M.W.); +421-2-90149323 (M.P.)
| | - Martin Putala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia; (L.F.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (M.P.); Tel.: +421-910942310 (M.W.); +421-2-90149323 (M.P.)
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14
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Heinze M, Horn C, Pospiech D, Boldt R, Kobsch O, Eckstein K, Jehnichen D, Voit B, Baudis S, Liska R, Naumova A, Saalwächter K, Lendenmann U, Moszner N. Polymer Networks for Enrichment of Calcium Ions. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3506. [PMID: 34685265 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, solvogels containing (2-((2-(ethoxycarbonyl)prop-2-en-1-yl)oxy)-ethyl) phosphonic acid (ECPA) and N,N′-diethyl-1,3-bis-(acrylamido)propane (BNEAA) as the crosslinker are synthesized by UV induced crosslinking photopolymerization in various solvents. The polymerization of the ECPA monomer is monitored by the conversion of double bonds with in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy. The morphology of the networks is characterized by in situ photorheology, solid state NMR spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the dried gels. It is demonstrated that the storage modulus is not only determined by the crosslinker content in the gel, but also by the solvent used for preparation. The networks turn out to be porous structures with G′ being governed by a rigid, phase-separated polymer phase rather than by entropic elasticity. The external and internal pKa values of the poly(ECPA-co-BNEAA) gels were determined by titration with a specially designed method and compared to the calculated values. The polymer-immobilized phosphonic acid groups in the hydrogels induce buffering behavior into the system without using a dissolved buffer. The calcium accumulation in the gels is studied by means of a double diffusion cell filled with calcium ion-containing solutions. The successful accumulation of hydroxyapatite within the gels is shown by a combination of SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
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15
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Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Ferreira L, Giner G, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kazocina A, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Ruocco S, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing MRLs for potassium phosphonates in lemons, limes and mandarins and in herbal infusions from leaves and herbs. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06673. [PMID: 34194576 PMCID: PMC8237089 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants Lainco S.A., Exclusivas Sarabia S.A., Biovert S.L., Sipcam Inagra S.A. and Tilco-Alginure GmbH submitted respectively two requests to the competent national authorities in Greece and Germany, to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in certain citrus fruits and in herbal infusions from leaves and herbs. The data submitted in support of both requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for lemons, limes, mandarins, strawberries leaves and the remaining plants included in the group of herbal infusions from leaves and herbs. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control potassium phosphonates residues in the commodities under consideration. Based on the risk assessment results using the currently set acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 2.25 mg/kg body weight (bw) per day for phosphonic acid, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the uses of potassium phosphonates according to the reported good agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative; a more realistic intake assessment will be performed in the framework of the joint review of MRLs for fosetyl and potassium phosphonates.
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16
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Anastassiadou M, Bellisai G, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Ferreira L, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kazocina A, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Rojas A, Santos M, Scarlato AP, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Setting of an import tolerance for potassium phosphonates in blueberries. EFSA J 2021; 19:e06478. [PMID: 33747230 PMCID: PMC7958001 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Exponent International Ltd. (on behalf of the U.S. Highbush Blueberry Council (USHBC)) submitted a request to the competent national authority in France to set an import tolerance for the active substance potassium phosphonates in blueberries. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive a maximum residue level (MRL) proposal for blueberries. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of phosphonic acid on the commodity under consideration at the validated limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.1 mg/kg. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the short-term and long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practice is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative and a refined intake assessment will be performed in the framework of the joint review of MRLs for fosetyl and phosphonates.
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17
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Martínez-Sánchez B, Cazorla-Amorós D, Morallón E. Tailoring Intrinsic Properties of Polyaniline by Functionalization with Phosphonic Groups. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2820. [PMID: 33261182 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphonated polyanilines were synthesized by copolymerization of aniline (ANI) with both 2- and 4-aminophenylphosphonic acids (APPA). The material composition and the final properties of the copolymers can be easily tailored by controlling the monomers ANI/APPA molar feed ratio. An important influence on the reactivity of monomers has been found with the substituent position in the ring, leading to differences in the properties and size of blocks of each monomer in the polymer. As expected, while 2APPA shows more similarities to ANI, 4APPA is much less reactive. Phosphorus loading of ~5 at% was achieved in the poly(aniline-co-2-aminophenylphosphonic acid) (PANI2APPA) with a 50/50 molar feed ratio. All the resulting copolymers were characterized by different techniques. Experimental results and density functional theory (DFT) computational calculations suggest that the presence of phosphonic groups in the polymeric chain gives rise to inter- and intra-chain interactions, as well as important steric effects, which induce a slight twist in the substituted PANI structure. Therefore, the physicochemical, electrical, and electrochemical properties are modified and can be suitably controlled.
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18
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Taira T, Ishizaki Y, Sakai K, Sakai H, Imura T. Synthesis of a Bolaamphiphilic Alkenyl Phosphonic Acid by Ru-catalyzed Olefin Cross Metathesis Reaction. J Oleo Sci 2020; 69:1437-1443. [PMID: 33055440 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis of bolaamphiphilic alkenyl phosphonic acid (BPC12) through the olefin crossmetathesis reaction of vinylphosphonic acid with 1,11-dodecadiene in the presence of a Ru-carbene catalyst. BPC12 possesses two trans-P-C=C moieties and is thus readily soluble in water up to 3.4 g L-1, as confirmed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Surface tension measurements revealed that BPC12 reduced the surface tension of water from 72.0 to 47.0 mN m‒1. The occupied area per molecule at the air/water interface (A) of BPC12 (216 Å2) was ten times larger than that of dodecenyl phosphonic acid PC12 (23 Å2). Moreover, dynamic light scattering measurement of an aqueous BPC12 solution (5 mM) revealed the formation of large aggregates with an average diameter of 81.8±27.0 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Taira
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Yuki Ishizaki
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Kenichi Sakai
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hideki Sakai
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Tomohiro Imura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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19
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Baldim V, Yadav N, Bia N, Graillot A, Loubat C, Singh S, Karakoti AS, Berret JF. Polymer-Coated Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles as Oxidoreductase-like Catalysts. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:42056-42066. [PMID: 32812730 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles have been shown to mimic oxidoreductase enzymes by catalyzing the decomposition of organic substrates and reactive oxygen species. This mimicry can be found in superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxides, which are harmful molecules produced in oxidative stress-associated diseases. Despite the fact that nanoparticle functionalization is mandatory in the context of nanomedicine, the influence of polymer coatings on their enzyme-like catalytic activity is poorly understood. In this work, six polymer-coated cerium oxide nanoparticles are prepared by the association of 7.8 nm cerium oxide cores with two poly(sodium acrylate) and four poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-grafted copolymers with different terminal or anchoring end groups, such as phosphonic acids. The superoxide dismutase-, catalase-, peroxidase-, and oxidase-like catalytic activities of the coated nanoparticles were systematically studied. It is shown that the polymer coatings do not affect the superoxide dismutase-like, impair the catalase-like and oxidase-like, and surprisingly improves peroxidase-like catalytic activities of cerium oxide nanoparticles. It is also demonstrated that the particles coated with the PEG-grafted copolymers perform better than the poly(acrylic acid)-coated ones as oxidoreductase-like enzymes, a result that confirms the benefit of having phosphonic acids as anchoring groups at the particle surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Baldim
- Matière et systèmes complexes, Université de Paris, CNRS, 75013 Paris, France
- Electrochimie et Physicochimie aux Interfaces, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 45 Avenue des États-Unis, 78035 Versailles, France
| | - Nisha Yadav
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Nicolas Bia
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, ZAC Via Domitia, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Alain Graillot
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, ZAC Via Domitia, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Cédric Loubat
- SPECIFIC POLYMERS, ZAC Via Domitia, 150 Avenue des Cocardières, 34160 Castries, France
| | - Sanjay Singh
- Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, 380009 Gujarat, India
| | - Ajay S Karakoti
- Global Innovative Center for Advanced Nanomaterials (GICAN), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment (FEBE), The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
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20
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Anastassiadou M, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Ferreira L, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kazocina A, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Rojas A, Sacchi A, Santos M, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for potassium phosphonates in various crops. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06240. [PMID: 32994828 PMCID: PMC7507389 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants Tilco-Alginure GmbH, ADAMA Agriculture BV, Lainco S.A., Exclusivas Sarabia S.A., Biovert S.L. and Landwirtschaftskammer Steiermark submitted requests to the competent national authorities in Germany, France, Greece and Austria to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in various crops. The data submitted in support of the different requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all crops under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of potassium phosphonates in the crops under assessment. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative and a more realistic intake assessment will be performed in the framework of the joint review of MRLs for fosetyl and phosphonates. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented.
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21
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Harsági N, Rádai Z, Szigetvári Á, Kóti J, Keglevich G. Optimization and a Kinetic Study on the Acidic Hydrolysis of Dialkyl α-Hydroxybenzylphosphonates. Molecules 2020; 25:E3793. [PMID: 32825450 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The two-step acidic hydrolysis of α-hydroxybenzylphosphonates and a few related derivatives was monitored in order to determine the kinetics and to map the reactivity of the differently substituted phosphonates in hydrolysis. Electron-withdrawing substituents increased the rate, while electron-releasing ones slowed down the reaction. Both hydrolysis steps were characterized by pseudo-first-order rate constants. The fission of the second P-O-C bond was found to be the rate-determining step.
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22
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Anastassiadou M, Bernasconi G, Brancato A, Carrasco Cabrera L, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kazocina A, Leuschner R, Magrans JO, Miron I, Nave S, Pedersen R, Reich H, Rojas A, Sacchi A, Santos M, Stanek A, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for potassium phosphonates in flowering brassica, Chinese cabbages, kales and spinaches. EFSA J 2020; 18:e06122. [PMID: 37649507 PMCID: PMC10464707 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicant Tilco-Alginure GmbH submitted a request to the competent national authority in Germany to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRL) for the active substance potassium phosphonates in flowering brassica, Chinese cabbages, kales and spinaches. The data submitted in support of the request were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all the crops under assessment. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control residues of potassium phosphonates in the crops under assessment. Based on the risk assessment results, EFSA concluded that the long-term intake of residues resulting from the use of potassium phosphonates according to the reported agricultural practices is unlikely to present a risk to consumer health. The consumer risk assessment shall be regarded as indicative and a more realistic intake assessment will be performed in the framework of the MRL review for potassium phosphonates. The reliable end points, appropriate for use in regulatory risk assessment are presented.
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23
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Altuncu S, Akyol E, Guven MN, Demirci G, Yagci Acar H, Avci D. Phosphonic acid-functionalized poly(amido amine) macromers for biomedical applications. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108:2100-2110. [PMID: 32319210 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel phosphonic acid-functionalized poly(amido amine) (PAA) macromers are synthesized through aza-Michael addition of 2-aminoethyl phosphonic acid or its mixture with 5-amino-1-pentanol at different ratios onto N,N'-methylene bis(acrylamide) to control the amount of phosphonic acid functionality. The macromers were homo- and copolymerized with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate at different ratios to obtain hydrogels with various hydrophilicities. The hydrogels' swelling, biodegradation and mineralization properties were evaluated. The swelling and degradation rates of the gels can be tuned by the chemical structure of PAA macromer precursors as well as pH and CaCl2 pre-treatment. The hydrogels show composition-dependent mineralization in SBF and 5xSBF, as evidenced from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) analyses. The degradation products of the hydrogels have no effect on U-2 OS, Saos-2 and NIH 3T3 cells, suggesting their cytocompatibility. Overall, these materials have potential to be used as nontoxic degradable biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seckin Altuncu
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ece Akyol
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melek Naz Guven
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gozde Demirci
- Department of Chemistry, Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Duygu Avci
- Department of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
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24
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Lüthi E, Forero Cortés PA, Prescimone A, Constable EC, Housecroft CE. Schiff Base Ancillary Ligands in Bis(diimine) Copper(I) Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1735. [PMID: 32138350 PMCID: PMC7084427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Five 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine ligands bearing N-arylmethaniminyl substituents in the 4- and 4'-positions were prepared by Schiff base condensation in which the aryl group is Ph (1), 4-tolyl (2), 4-tBuC6H4 (3), 4-MeOC6H4 (4), and 4-Me2NC6H4 (5). The homoleptic copper(I) complexes [CuL2][PF6] (L = 1-5) were synthesized and characterized, and the single crystal structure of [Cu(1)2][PF6].Et2O was determined. By using the "surfaces-as-ligands, surfaces-as-complexes" (SALSAC) approach, the heteroleptic complexes [Cu(6)(Lancillary)]+ in which 6 is the anchoring ligand ((6,6'-dimethyl-[2,2'-bipyridine]-4,4'-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(phosphonic acid)) and Lancillary = 1-5 were assembled on FTO-TiO2 electrodes and incorporated as dyes into n-type dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Data from triplicate, fully-masked DSCs for each dye revealed that the best-performing sensitizer is [Cu(6)(1)]+, which exhibits photoconversion efficiencies (η) of up to 1.51% compared to 5.74% for the standard reference dye N719. The introduction of the electron-donating MeO and Me2N groups (Lancillary = 4 and 5) is detrimental, leading to a decrease in the short-circuit current densities and external quantum efficiencies of the solar cells. In addition, a significant loss in open-circuit voltage is observed for DSCs sensitized with [Cu(6)(5)]+, which contributes to low values of η for this dye. Comparisons between performances of DSCs containing [Cu(6)(1)]+ and [Cu(6)(4)]+ with those sensitized by analogous dyes lacking the imine bond indicate that the latter prevents efficient electron transfer across the dye.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Catherine E. Housecroft
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, BPR 1096, Mattenstrasse 24a, CH-4058 Basel, Switzerland; (E.L.); (P.A.F.C.); (A.P.); (E.C.C.)
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25
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Goettge MN, Cioni JP, Ju KS, Pallitsch K, Metcalf WW. PcxL and HpxL are flavin-dependent, oxime-forming N-oxidases in phosphonocystoximic acid biosynthesis in Streptomyces. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:6859-6868. [PMID: 29540479 PMCID: PMC5936822 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.001721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Several oxime-containing small molecules have useful properties, including antimicrobial, insecticidal, anticancer, and immunosuppressive activities. Phosphonocystoximate and its hydroxylated congener, hydroxyphosphonocystoximate, are recently discovered oxime-containing natural products produced by Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481 and Streptomyces regensis NRRL WC-3744, respectively. The biosynthetic pathways for these two compounds are proposed to diverge at an early step in which 2-aminoethylphosphonate (2AEPn) is converted to (S)-1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate ((S)-1H2AEPn) in S. regensis but not in Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481). Subsequent installation of the oxime moiety into either 2AEPn or (S)-1H2AEPn is predicted to be catalyzed by PcxL or HpxL from Streptomyces sp. NRRL S-481 and S. regensis NRRL WC-3744, respectively, whose sequence and predicted structural characteristics suggest they are unusual N-oxidases. Here, we show that recombinant PcxL and HpxL catalyze the FAD- and NADPH-dependent oxidation of 2AEPn and 1H2AEPn, producing a mixture of the respective aldoximes and nitrosylated phosphonic acid products. Measurements of catalytic efficiency indicated that PcxL has almost an equal preference for 2AEPn and (R)-1H2AEPn. 2AEPn was turned over at a 10-fold higher rate than (R)-1H2AEPn under saturating conditions, resulting in a similar but slightly lower kcat/Km We observed that (S)-1H2AEPn is a relatively poor substrate for PcxL but is clearly the preferred substrate for HpxL, consistent with the proposed biosynthetic pathway in S. regensis. HpxL also used both 2AEPn and (R)-1H2AEPn, with the latter inhibiting HpxL at high concentrations. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that PcxL and HpxL are members of a new class of oxime-forming N-oxidases that are broadly dispersed among bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle N Goettge
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Joel P Cioni
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Kou-San Ju
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
| | - Katharina Pallitsch
- the Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - William W Metcalf
- From the Department of Microbiology and the Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801 and
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26
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Reitböck C, Głowacki E, Stifter D. Sum-Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Investigations of Phosphonic Acids on Anodic Aluminum Oxide Films. Appl Spectrosc 2018; 72:725-730. [PMID: 29436845 DOI: 10.1177/0003702818756899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembled monolayers of alkyl phosphonic acids on anodic aluminum oxide (AlOx) surfaces are important as dielectric layers in thin film electronic devices. Assessing the properties and quality of these monolayers on amorphous AlOx is limited to a few surface-sensitive methods. In this work, we study using nonlinear optical measurements the molecular ordering in n-alkyl phosphonic acids with various alkyl chain lengths (6 to 18 carbons) deposited on AlOx and show the influence of temperature on stability and conformational order. The results demonstrate that the octadecylphosphonic acid has fewest defects in the chain orientation. A detailed comparison of the longest and the shortest alkyl chain revealed different behavior in conformational ordering upon annealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Reitböck
- 1 Center for Surface- and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - Eric Głowacki
- 2 101031 Laboratory of Organic Electronics, ITN, Campus Norrköping, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - David Stifter
- 1 Center for Surface- and Nanoanalytics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
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27
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Klein S, Kızaloğlu M, Portilla L, Park H, Rejek T, Hümmer J, Meyer K, Hock R, Distel LVR, Halik M, Kryschi C. Enhanced In Vitro Biocompatibility and Water Dispersibility of Magnetite and Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles Employed as ROS Formation Enhancer in Radiation Cancer Therapy. Small 2018; 14:e1704111. [PMID: 29667293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Efficient magnetic reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation enhancing agents after X-ray treatment are realized by functionalizing superparamagnetic magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and Co-ferrite (CoFe2 O4 ) nanoparticles with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). The Fe3 O4 and CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles are synthesized using Massart's coprecipitation technique. Successful surface modification with the SAM forming compounds 1-methyl-3-(dodecylphosphonic acid) imidazolium bromide, or (2-{2-[2-hydroxy-ethoxy]-ethoxy}-ethyl phosphonic acid provides biocompatibility and long-term stability of the Fe3 O4 and CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles in cell media. The SAM-stabilized ferrite nanoparticles are characterized with dynamic light scattering, X-ray powder diffraction, a superconducting quantum interference device, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectroscopy, zeta potential measurements, and thermogravimetric analysis. The impact of the SAM-stabilized nanoparticles on the viability of the MCF-7 cells and healthy human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) is assessed using the neutral red assay. Under X-ray exposure with a single dosage of 1 Gy the intracellular SAM stabilized Fe3 O4 and CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles are observed to increase the level of ROS in MCF-7 breast cancer cells but not in healthy HUVECs. The drastic ROS enhancement is associated with very low dose modifying factors for a survival fraction of 50%. This significant ROS enhancement effect by SAM-stabilized Fe3 O4 and CoFe2 O4 nanoparticles constitutes their excellent applicability in radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Klein
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Melek Kızaloğlu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis Portilla
- Department of Material Science, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hyoungwon Park
- Department of Material Science, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Rejek
- Department of Material Science, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julian Hümmer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic and General Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 1, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Hock
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Staudtstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luitpold V R Distel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Universitätsstr. 27, D-91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Department of Material Science, Institute of Polymer Materials, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Martensstr. 7, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carola Kryschi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Physical Chemistry I and ICMM, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen, Egerlandstr. 3, D-91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Nzahou Ottou W, Norsic S, D'Agosto F, Boisson C. Monofunctional and Telechelic Polyethylenes Carrying Phosphonic Acid End Groups. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1800154. [PMID: 29675835 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monofunctional or telechelic polyethylenes (PEs) carrying phosphonic acid end groups are obtained from functional PE produced by catalyzed chain growth (CCG) on magnesium. CCG is first used to produce iodo-end-functionalized PE (PE-I) that is efficiently turned into phosphonate end-functionalized PE (PE-P(O)(OEt)2 ) in the presence of triethylphosphite through the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. A simple treatment of the resulting PE-P(O)(OEt)2 with bromotrimethylsilane leads to the targeted phosphonic acid end-functionalized PE (PE-P(O)(OH)2 ) for the first time. Vinyl-end-functionalized analogs (Vin-PE-P(O)(OEt)2 ) are produced using vinyl-end-functionalized PE-I (Vin-PE-I) recently obtained through CCG. A cross-metathesis reaction is then employed to couple Vin-PE-P(O)(OEt)2 and produce after treatment with bromotrimethylsilane the corresponding unprecedented α-ω-(diphosphonic acid) telechelic PE ((OH)2 (O)P-PE-P(O)(OH)2 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Nzahou Ottou
- Laboratoire Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Equipe LCPP Bat 308F, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sébastien Norsic
- Laboratoire Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Equipe LCPP Bat 308F, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- Laboratoire Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Equipe LCPP Bat 308F, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Boisson
- Laboratoire Chimie Catalyse Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), Equipe LCPP Bat 308F, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Univ. Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS UMR 5265, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69616, Villeurbanne, France
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29
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Budnyak TM, Gładysz-Płaska A, Strizhak AV, Sternik D, Komarov IV, Majdan M, Tertykh VA. Imidazole-2yl- Phosphonic Acid Derivative Grafted onto Mesoporous Silica Surface as a Novel Highly Effective Sorbent for Uranium(VI) Ion Extraction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:6681-6693. [PMID: 29370513 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b17594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new imidazol-2yl-phosphonic acid/mesoporous silica sorbent (ImP(O)(OH)2/SiO2) was developed and applied for uranium(VI) ion removal from aqueous solutions. The synthesized material was characterized by fast kinetics and an extra-high adsorption capacity with respect to uranium. The highest adsorption efficiency of U(VI) ions was obtained for the reaction system at pH 4 and exceeded 618 mg/g. The uranium(VI) sorption proceeds quickly in the first step within 60 min of the adsorbent sites and ion interactions. Moreover, the equilibrium time was determined to be 120 min. The equilibrium and kinetic characteristics of the uranium(VI) ions uptake by synthesized sorbent was found to follow the Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics rather than the Langmuir, Dubinin-Radushkevich, and Temkin models and pseudo-first-order or intraparticle diffusion sorption kinetics. The adsorption mechanism for uranium on the sorbent was clarified basing on the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. The model of UO22+ binding to surface of the sorbent was proposed according to the results of XPS, i.e., a 1:1 U-to-P ratio in the sorbed complex was established. The regeneration study confirms the ImP(O)(OH)2/SiO2 sorbent can be reused. A total of 45% of uranium ions was determined as originating from the sorbent leaching in the acidic solutions, whereas when the basic solutions were used, the removal efficiency was 12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana M Budnyak
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander V Strizhak
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Dariusz Sternik
- Maria Curie Skłodowska University , 2 Marie Curie Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Igor V Komarov
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv , 64/13 Volodymyrska Street, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Marek Majdan
- Maria Curie Skłodowska University , 2 Marie Curie Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Valentin A Tertykh
- Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , 17 General Naumov Street, 03164 Kyiv, Ukraine
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30
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Brancato A, Brocca D, De Lentdecker C, Erdos Z, Ferreira L, Greco L, Jarrah S, Kardassi D, Leuschner R, Lythgo C, Medina P, Miron I, Molnar T, Nougadere A, Pedersen R, Reich H, Sacchi A, Santos M, Stanek A, Sturma J, Tarazona J, Theobald A, Vagenende B, Verani A, Villamar-Bouza L. Modification of the existing maximum residue levels for fosetyl-Al in tree nuts, pome fruit, peach and potato. EFSA J 2018; 16:e05161. [PMID: 32625802 PMCID: PMC7009358 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In accordance with Article 6 of Regulation (EC) No 396/2005, the applicants Bayer CropScience Europe and Oxon Italia S.p.A. submitted requests to the competent national authority in Spain and Italy, respectively, to modify the existing maximum residue levels (MRLs) for fosetyl in peach and potato from the intended southern Europe (SEU) uses of fosetyl-Al. The applicants Adama Agriculture B.V., Fitosanitarios Bajo Riesgo AIE and Almond Board of California submitted each an application to the competent national authority in France to modify the MRLs for fosetyl-Al in pome fruits, peaches and tree nuts (except coconut) for the intended/authorised uses of the active substance potassium phosphonates. The data submitted in support of the requests were found to be sufficient to derive MRL proposals for all the crops under consideration. Adequate analytical methods for enforcement are available to control the residues of fosetyl-Al and phosphonic acid in plant matrices under consideration. EFSA concluded that the proposed use of fosetyl-Al on potatoes and the proposed uses of potassium phosphonates on pome fruits and peaches and the authorised use of potassium phosphonates on tree nuts in the United States are unlikely to result in a consumer exposure exceeding the toxicological reference values for phosphonic acid and fosetyl and therefore are unlikely to pose a risk to consumers' health. However, the risk assessment is considered to be tentative and has to be updated as soon as the approval of the renewal of fosetyl and the review of existing uses of potassium phosphonates and disodium phosphonate is finalised.
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Bauer A, Luetjohann J, Rohn S, Kuballa J, Jantzen E. Determination of Fosetyl and Phosphonic Acid at 0.010 mg/kg Level by Ion Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:346-350. [PMID: 29198099 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new sensitive, fast, and robust method using ion chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (IC-MS/MS) for the determination of fosetyl and phosphonic acid in plant-derived matrices was developed. For compensation of matrix effects and differences in recovery rates the isotopically labeled internal standard (ILIS) 18O3-labeled phosphonic acid was added to the samples prior to the extraction of the target compounds. The validation of the method for the matrices tomato, apple, lemon, sultana, avocado, and wheat was performed according to the actual EU guidance document SANTE/11945/2015. The precision and accuracy were determined in five replicates at spiking levels of 0.010 and 0.100 mg/kg with recovery rates between 76 and 105% and RSDs between 1.2 and 17.8%. In this paper, it was achieved for the first time to detect both fosetyl and phosphonic acid at the reporting level of 0.010 mg/kg most relevant for organic plant food commodities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bauer
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH , Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jens Luetjohann
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH , Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg , Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Juergen Kuballa
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH , Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eckard Jantzen
- Research and Development Department, GALAB Laboratories GmbH , Am Schleusengraben 7, 21029 Hamburg, Germany
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32
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Forrer HR, Vogelgsang S, Musa T. Botanicals and Phosphonate Show Potential to Replace Copper for Control of Potato Late Blight. J Fungi (Basel) 2017; 3:E65. [PMID: 29371580 PMCID: PMC5753167 DOI: 10.3390/jof3040065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potato late blight (PLB) caused by Phytophthora infestans (Pi) is the most harmful disease in potato production worldwide. In organic farming, copper is used despite its persistence in soil and toxicity to soil organisms. To replace copper, suspensions of powders from three promising botanicals, including bark of buckthorn (Frangula alnus, FA), roots of medicinal rhubarb (Rheum palmatum) and galls of the nutgall tree (Galla chinensis), were tested in multi-year field experiments. The current study shows for the first time that botanicals could replace copper under field conditions and best PLB reduction on leaves was achieved with FA, reaching a level close to that of 2 to 3 kg copper per hectare and year. Better results than with copper were achieved with Phosfik® (Ph), a phosphonate-based product. For both FA and Ph, the mode of action is based on induced resistance, for Ph also on direct fungicidal effects. A disadvantage of Ph is the accumulation of residues in potato tubers. Nevertheless, two to three applications with 2 to 3 L/ha of Ph would be feasible to not exceed a minimal risk level (MLR) of 20 mg/kg of phosphorous acid as proposed by the European Food Safety Authority. Due to an excellent environmental profile and a complex mode of action counteracting Pi resistance, phosphonate-based products would be most suitable for sustainable PLB management in integrated pest management (IPM) programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tomke Musa
- Agroscope, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The phosphonic acid functional group, which is characterized by a phosphorus atom bonded to three oxygen atoms (two hydroxy groups and one P=O double bond) and one carbon atom, is employed for many applications due to its structural analogy with the phosphate moiety or to its coordination or supramolecular properties. Phosphonic acids were used for their bioactive properties (drug, pro-drug), for bone targeting, for the design of supramolecular or hybrid materials, for the functionalization of surfaces, for analytical purposes, for medical imaging or as phosphoantigen. These applications are covering a large panel of research fields including chemistry, biology and physics thus making the synthesis of phosphonic acids a determinant question for numerous research projects. This review gives, first, an overview of the different fields of application of phosphonic acids that are illustrated with studies mainly selected over the last 20 years. Further, this review reports the different methods that can be used for the synthesis of phosphonic acids from dialkyl or diaryl phosphonate, from dichlorophosphine or dichlorophosphine oxide, from phosphonodiamide, or by oxidation of phosphinic acid. Direct methods that make use of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) and that produce a phosphonic acid functional group simultaneously to the formation of the P-C bond, are also surveyed. Among all these methods, the dealkylation of dialkyl phosphonates under either acidic conditions (HCl) or using the McKenna procedure (a two-step reaction that makes use of bromotrimethylsilane followed by methanolysis) constitute the best methods to prepare phosphonic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Sevrain
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Mathieu Berchel
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Hélène Couthon
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Paul-Alain Jaffrès
- CEMCA UMR CNRS 6521, Université de Brest, IBSAM. 6 Avenue Victor Le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
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Ehamparam R, Oquendo LE, Liao MW, Brynnel AK, Ou KL, Armstrong NR, McGrath DV, Saavedra SS. Axially Bound Ruthenium Phthalocyanine Monolayers on Indium Tin Oxide: Structure, Energetics, and Charge Transfer Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:29213-29223. [PMID: 28795562 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of charge collection at the organic/transparent conducting oxide (TCO) interface in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices affects overall device efficiency. Modifying the TCO with an electrochemically active molecule may enhance OPV efficiency by providing a charge-transfer pathway between the electrode and the organic active layer, and may also mitigate surface recombination. The synthesis and characterization of phosphonic acid-ruthenium phthalocyanine (RuPcPA) monolayer films on indium tin oxide (ITO), designed to facilitate charge harvesting at ITO electrodes, is presented in this work. The PA group was installed axially relative to the Pc plane so that upon deposition, RuPcPA molecules were preferentially aligned with the ITO surface plane. The tilt angle of 22° between the normal axes to the Pc plane and the ITO surface plane, measured by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectroscopy, is consistent with a predominately in-plane orientation. The effect of surface roughness on RuPcPA orientation was modeled, and a correlation was obtained between experimental and theoretical mean tilt angles. Based on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies, RuPcPA monolayers are composed predominately of monomers. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potential modulated-ATR (PM-ATR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the electron-transfer (ET) kinetics of these monolayers. A rate constant of 4.0 × 103 s-1 was measured using EIS, consistent with a short tunneling distance between the chromophore and the electrode surface. Using PM-ATR, ks,opt values of 2.2 × 103 and 2.4 × 103 s-1 were measured using TE and TM polarized light, respectively; the similarity of these values is consistent with a narrow molecular orientation distribution and narrow range of tunneling distances. The ionization potential of RuPcPA-modified ITO was measured using ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and the results indicate favorable energetics for hole collection at the RuPcPA/ITO interface, indicating that this type of TCO modification may be useful for enhancing charge collection efficiency in OPV devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramanan Ehamparam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Luis E Oquendo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Michael W Liao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Ambjorn K Brynnel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kai-Lin Ou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Neal R Armstrong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Dominic V McGrath
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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Eberhart MS, Wee KR, Marquard S, Skinner K, Wang D, Nayak A, Meyer TJ. Fluoropolymer-Stabilized Chromophore-Catalyst Assemblies in Aqueous Buffer Solutions for Water-Oxidation Catalysis. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:2380-2384. [PMID: 28453926 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201700630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Here, the application of the fluorinated polymer [Dupont AF, a copolymer of 4,5-difluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dioxole and tetrafluoroethylene] is described in stabilizing phosphonate-derivatized molecular assemblies on oxide electrodes. In the procedure, the polymer was dip-coated onto the surfaces of oxide electrodes with pre-bound, phosphonate-derivatized chromophores and assemblies, including assemblies for water oxidation. The results of the experiments showed a high degree of stabilization by the added polymer and a demonstration of its use in stabilizing surface-bound assemblies for water-oxidation catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Eberhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kyung-Ryang Wee
- Department of Chemistry, Daegu University, Gyeongsan 712-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seth Marquard
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kasey Skinner
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Degao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Animesh Nayak
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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Karuppasamy K, Prasanna K, Vikraman D, Kim HS, Kathalingam A, Mitu L, Rhee HW. A Rapid One-Pot Synthesis of Novel High-Purity Methacrylic Phosphonic Acid (PA)-Based Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Frameworks via Thiol-Ene Click Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E192. [PMID: 30970870 PMCID: PMC6432363 DOI: 10.3390/polym9060192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate a facile methodology to synthesis a novel methacrylic phosphonic acid (PA)-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) via thiol-ene click reaction using octamercapto thiol-POSS and ethylene glycol methacrylate phosphate (EGMP) monomer. The presence of phosphonic acid moieties and POSS-cage structure in POSS-S-PA was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H, 29Si and 31P-NMR) analyses. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrum of POSS-S-PA acquired in a dithranol matrix, which has specifically designed for intractable polymeric materials. The observed characterization results signposted that novel organo-inorganic hybrid POSS-S-PA would be an efficacious material for fuel cells as a proton exchange membrane and high-temperature applications due to its thermal stability of 380 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Karuppasamy
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - K Prasanna
- Electrochemical Energy Storage and Conversion Lab (EESC), Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung-gu, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea.
| | - Dhanasekaran Vikraman
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Division of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - A Kathalingam
- Millimeter-wave Innovation Technology (MINT) Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Liviu Mitu
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Pitesti, Pitesti 110040, Romania.
| | - Hee Woo Rhee
- Polymer Materials Lab, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Korea.
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Wilk-Kozubek M, Jarzembska KN, Janczak J, Videnova-Adrabinska V. Synthesis, structural characterization and computational studies of catena-poly[chlorido[μ 3-(pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)phosphonato-κ 3O:O':O'']zinc(II)]. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2017; 73:363-368. [PMID: 28469061 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229617004478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Coordination polymers are constructed from two basic components, namely metal ions, or metal-ion clusters, and bridging organic ligands. Their structures may also contain other auxiliary components, such as blocking ligands, counter-ions and nonbonding guest or template molecules. The choice or design of a suitable linker is essential. The new title zinc(II) coordination polymer, [Zn(C5H5NO3P)Cl]n, has been hydrothermally synthesized and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy (FT-IR and FT-Raman). Additionally, computational methods have been applied to derive quantitative information about interactions present in the solid state. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c. The four-coordinated ZnII cation is in a distorted tetrahedral environment, formed by three phosphonate O atoms from three different (pyridin-1-ium-3-yl)phosphonate ligands and one chloride anion. The ZnII ions are extended by phosphonate ligands to generate a ladder chain along the [001] direction. Adjacent ladders are held together via N-H...O hydrogen bonds and offset face-to-face π-π stacking interactions, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular network with channels. As calculated, the interaction energy between the neighbouring ladders is -115.2 kJ mol-1. In turn, the cohesive energy evaluated per asymmetric unit-equivalent fragment of a polymeric chain in the crystal structure is -205.4 kJ mol-1. This latter value reflects the numerous hydrogen bonds stabilizing the three-dimensional packing of the coordination chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Wilk-Kozubek
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Katarzyna N Jarzembska
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, 101 Żwirki i Wigury Street, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jan Janczak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, PO Box 1410, 2 Okólna Street, 50-950 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Veneta Videnova-Adrabinska
- Department of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, 27 Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego Street, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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38
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Zheng Y, Jradi FM, Parker TC, Barlow S, Marder SR, Saavedra SS. Influence of Molecular Aggregation on Electron Transfer at the Perylene Diimide/Indium-Tin Oxide Interface. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:34089-34097. [PMID: 27960436 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Chemisorption of an organic monolayer to tune the surface properties of a transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrode can improve the performance of organic electronic devices that rely on efficient charge transfer between an organic active layer and a TCO contact. Here, a series of perylene diimides (PDIs) was synthesized and used to study relationships between monolayer structure/properties and electron transfer kinetics at PDI-modified indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrodes. In these PDI molecules, one of the imide substituents is a benzene ring bearing a phosphonic acid (PA) and the other is a bulky aryl group that is twisted out of the plane of the PDI core. The size of the bulky aryl group and the substitution of the benzene ring bearing the PA were both varied, which altered the extent of aggregation when these molecules were absorbed as monolayer films (MLs) on ITO, as revealed by both attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and total internal reflection fluorescence spectra. Polarized ATR measurements indicate that, in these MLs, the long axis of the PDI core is tilted at an angle of 33-42° relative to the surface normal; the tilt angle increased as the degree of bulky substitution increased. Rate constants for electron transfer (ks,opt) between these redox-active modifiers and ITO were determined by potential-modulated ATR spectroscopy. As the degree of PDI aggregation was reduced, ks,opt declined, which is attributed to a reduction in the lateral electron self-exchange rate between adsorbed PDI molecules, as well as the heterogeneous conductivity of the ITO electrode surface. Photoelectrochemical measurements using a dissolved aluminum phthalocyanine as an electron donor showed that ITO modified with any of these PDIs is a more effective electron-collecting electrode than bare ITO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Zheng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721-00041, United States
| | - Fadi M Jradi
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Timothy C Parker
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry and the Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0400, United States
| | - S Scott Saavedra
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arizona , Tucson, Arizona 85721-00041, United States
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Alimoradi N, Ashrafi-Kooshk MR, Shahlaei M, Maghsoudi S, Adibi H, McGeary RP, Khodarahmi R. Diethylalkylsulfonamido(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate/ phosphonic acid derivatives act as acid phosphatase inhibitors: synthesis accompanied by experimental and molecular modeling assessments. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2016; 32:20-28. [PMID: 27766897 PMCID: PMC6010023 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2016.1230109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs) are binuclear metallo-hydrolases that have been isolated from various mammals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In mammals, PAP activity is associated with bone resorption and can lead to bone metabolic disorders such as osteoporosis; thus human PAP is an attractive target to develop anti-osteoporotic drugs. The aim of the present study was to investigate inhibitory effect of synthesized diethylalkylsulfonamido(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl)phosphonate/phosphonic acid derivatives as potential red kidney bean PAP (rkbPAP) inhibitors accompanied by experimental and molecular modeling assessments. Enzyme kinetic data showed that they are good rkbPAP inhibitors whose potencies improve with increasing alkyl chain length. Hexadecyl derivatives, as most potent compounds (Ki = 1.1 µM), inhibit rkbPAP in the mixed manner, while dodecyl derivatives act as efficient noncompetitive inhibitor. Also, analysis by molecular modeling of the structure of the rkbPAP-inhibitor complexes reveals factors, which may be important for the determination of inhibition specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Alimoradi
- a Student Research Committee , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | | | - Mohsen Shahlaei
- c Nano Drug Delivery Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Shabnam Maghsoudi
- b Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Hadi Adibi
- d Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Ross P McGeary
- e The University of Queensland, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences , St. Lucia , QLD , Australia
| | - Reza Khodarahmi
- b Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
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40
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Ostapenko A, Klöffel T, Eußner J, Harms K, Dehnen S, Meyer B, Witte G. Etching of Crystalline ZnO Surfaces upon Phosphonic Acid Adsorption: Guidelines for the Realization of Well-Engineered Functional Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:13472-13483. [PMID: 27159837 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Functionalization of metal oxides by means of covalently bound self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) offers a tailoring of surface electronic properties such as their work function and, in combination with its large charge carrier mobility, renders ZnO a promising conductive oxide for use as transparent electrode material in optoelectronic devices. In this study, we show that the formation of phosphonic acid-anchored SAMs on ZnO competes with an unwanted chemical side reaction, leading to the formation of surface precipitates and severe surface damage at prolonged immersion times of several days. Combining atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS), the stability and structure of the aggregates formed upon immersion of ZnO single crystal surfaces of different orientations [(0001̅), (0001), and (101̅0)] in phenylphosphonic acid (PPA) solution were studied. By intentionally increasing the immersion time to more than 1 week, large crystalline precipitates are formed, which are identified as zinc phosphonate. Moreover, the energetics and the reaction pathway of this transformation have been evaluated using density functional theory (DFT), showing that zinc phosphonate is thermodynamically more favorable than phosphonic acid SAMs on ZnO. Precipitation is also found for phosphonic acids with fluorinated aromatic backbones, while less precipitation occurs upon formation of SAMs with phenylphosphinic anchoring units. By contrast, no precipitates are formed when PPA monolayer films are prepared by sublimation under vacuum conditions, yielding smooth surfaces without noticeable etching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Ostapenko
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Klöffel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jens Eußner
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Harms
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Dehnen
- Fachbereich Chemie and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 4, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Meyer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials (ICMM) and Computer-Chemistry-Center (CCC), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Nägelsbachstrasse 25, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gregor Witte
- Fachbereich Physik, Molekulare Festkörperphysik and Wissenschaftliches Zentrum für Materialwissenschaften (WZMW), Philipps-Universität Marburg , Renthof 7, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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Abraham F, Ford WE, Scholz F, Nelles G, Sandford G, von Wrochem F. Surface Energy and Work Function Control of AlOx/Al Surfaces by Fluorinated Benzyl phosphonic Acids. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:11857-11867. [PMID: 27093557 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The performance of organic electronic devices can be significantly improved by modifying metal electrodes with organic monolayers, which alter the physical and chemical nature of the interface between conductor and semiconductor. In this paper we examine a series of 12 phosphonic acid compounds deposited on the native oxide layer of aluminum (AlOx/Al), an electrode material with widespread applications in organic electronics. This series includes dodecylphosphonic acid as a reference and 11 benzylphosphonic acids, seven of which are fluorinated, including five newly synthesized derivatives. The monolayers are experimentally characterized by contact angle goniometry and by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and work function data obtained by low-intensity XPS are correlated with molecular dipoles obtained from DFT calculations. We find that monolayers are formed with molecular areas ranging from 17.7 to 42.9 Å(2)/molecule, and, by the choice of appropriate terminal groups, the surface energy can be tuned from 23.5 mJ/m(2) to 70.5 mJ/m(2). Depending on the number and position of fluorine substituents on the aromatic rings, a variation in the work function of AlOx/Al substrates over a range of 0.91 eV is achieved, and a renormalization procedure based on molecular density yields a surprising agreement of work function changes with interface dipoles as expected from Helmholtz' equation. The ability to adjust energetics and adhesion at organic semiconductor/AlOx interfaces has immediate applications in devices such as OLEDs, OTFTs, organic solar cells, and printed organic circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ffion Abraham
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - William E Ford
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH , Hedelfinger Strasse 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Frank Scholz
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH , Hedelfinger Strasse 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Gabriele Nelles
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH , Hedelfinger Strasse 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Graham Sandford
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University , South Road, Durham DH1 3LE, U.K
| | - Florian von Wrochem
- Materials Science Laboratory, Sony Deutschland GmbH , Hedelfinger Strasse 61, 70327 Stuttgart, Germany
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Davidowski SK, Lisowski CE, Yarger JL. Characterizing mixed phosphonic acid ligand capping on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots using ligand exchange and NMR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Chem 2016; 54:234-238. [PMID: 26639792 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ligand capping of phosphonic acid functionalized CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) was investigated with a combination of solution and solid-state (31) P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Two phosphonic acid ligands were used in the synthesis of the QDs, tetradecylphosphonic acid and ethylphosphonic acid. Both alkyl phosphonic acids showed broad liquid and solid-state (31) P NMR resonances for the bound ligands, indicative of heterogeneous binding to the QD surface. In order to quantify the two ligand populations on the surface, ligand exchange facilitated by phenylphosphonic acid resulted in the displacement of the ethylphosphonic acid and tetradecylphosphonic acid and allowed for quantification of the free ligands using (31) P liquid-state NMR. After washing away the free ligand, two broad resonances were observed in the liquids' (31) P NMR corresponding to the alkyl and aromatic phosphonic acids. The washed samples were analyzed via solid-state (31) P NMR, which confirmed the ligand populations on the surface following the ligand exchange process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeffery L Yarger
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287, USA
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43
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Ju KS, Gao J, Doroghazi JR, Wang KK, Thibodeaux CJ, Li S, Metzger E, Fudala J, Su J, Zhang JK, Lee J, Cioni JP, Evans BS, Hirota R, Labeda DP, van der Donk WA, Metcalf WW. Discovery of phosphonic acid natural products by mining the genomes of 10,000 actinomycetes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:12175-80. [PMID: 26324907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1500873112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although natural products have been a particularly rich source of human medicines, activity-based screening results in a very high rate of rediscovery of known molecules. Based on the large number of natural product biosynthetic genes in microbial genomes, many have proposed "genome mining" as an alternative approach for discovery efforts; however, this idea has yet to be performed experimentally on a large scale. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of large-scale, high-throughput genome mining by screening a collection of over 10,000 actinomycetes for the genetic potential to make phosphonic acids, a class of natural products with diverse and useful bioactivities. Genome sequencing identified a diverse collection of phosphonate biosynthetic gene clusters within 278 strains. These clusters were classified into 64 distinct groups, of which 55 are likely to direct the synthesis of unknown compounds. Characterization of strains within five of these groups resulted in the discovery of a new archetypical pathway for phosphonate biosynthesis, the first (to our knowledge) dedicated pathway for H-phosphinates, and 11 previously undescribed phosphonic acid natural products. Among these compounds are argolaphos, a broad-spectrum antibacterial phosphonopeptide composed of aminomethylphosphonate in peptide linkage to a rare amino acid N(5)-hydroxyarginine; valinophos, an N-acetyl l-Val ester of 2,3-dihydroxypropylphosphonate; and phosphonocystoximate, an unusual thiohydroximate-containing molecule representing a new chemotype of sulfur-containing phosphonate natural products. Analysis of the genome sequences from the remaining strains suggests that the majority of the phosphonate biosynthetic repertoire of Actinobacteria has been captured at the gene level. This dereplicated strain collection now provides a reservoir of numerous, as yet undiscovered, phosphonate natural products.
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44
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Timpel M, Nardi MV, Ligorio G, Wegner B, Pätzel M, Kobin B, Hecht S, Koch N. Energy-Level Engineering at ZnO/Oligophenylene Interfaces with Phosphonate-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:11900-11907. [PMID: 25986080 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We used aromatic phosphonates with substituted phenyl rings with different molecular dipole moments to form self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the Zn-terminated ZnO(0001) surface in order to engineer the energy-level alignment at hybrid inorganic/organic semiconductor interfaces, with an oligophenylene as organic component. The work function of ZnO was tuned over a wide range of more than 1.7 eV by different SAMs. The difference in the morphology and polarity of the SAM-modified ZnO surfaces led to different oligophenylene orientation, which resulted in an orientation-dependent ionization energy that varied by 0.7 eV. The interplay of SAM-induced work function modification and oligophenylene orientation changes allowed tuning of the offsets between the molecular frontier energy levels and the semiconductor band edges over a wide range. Our results demonstrate the versatile use of appropriate SAMs to tune the energy levels of ZnO-based hybrid semiconductor heterojunctions, which is important to optimize its function, e.g., targeting either interfacial energy- or charge-transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Pätzel
- ∥Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Kobin
- ∥Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hecht
- ∥Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Brook-Taylor-Strasse 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Koch
- ‡Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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45
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MacLeod BA, Steirer KX, Young JL, Koldemir U, Sellinger A, Turner JA, Deutsch TG, Olson DC. Phosphonic Acid Modification of GaInP2 Photocathodes Toward Unbiased Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:11346-11350. [PMID: 25970795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The p-type semiconductor GaInP2 has a nearly ideal bandgap (∼1.83 eV) for hydrogen fuel generation by photoelectrochemical water splitting but is unable to drive this reaction because of misalignment of the semiconductor band edges with the water redox half reactions. Here, we show that attachment of an appropriate conjugated phosphonic acid to the GaInP2 electrode surface improves the band edge alignment, closer to the desired overlap with the water redox potentials. We demonstrate that this surface modification approach is able to adjust the energetic position of the band edges by as much as 0.8 eV, showing that it may be possible to engineer the energetics at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface to allow for unbiased water splitting with a single photoelectrode having a bandgap of less than 2 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James L Young
- §Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Unsal Koldemir
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Alan Sellinger
- ∥Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Braid JL, Koldemir U, Sellinger A, Collins RT, Furtak TE, Olson DC. Conjugated phosphonic acid modified zinc oxide electron transport layers for improved performance in organic solar cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:19229-19234. [PMID: 25329245 DOI: 10.1021/am505182c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phosphonic acid modification of zinc oxide (ZnO) electron transport layers in inverted P3HT:ICBA solar cells was studied to determine the effect of conjugated linkages between the aromatic and phosphonic acid attachment groups. For example, zinc oxide treated with 2,6-difluorophenylvinylphosphonic acid, having a conjugated vinyl group connecting the aromatic moiety to the phosphonic acid group, showed a 0.78 eV decrease in the effective work function versus unmodified ZnO, whereas nonconjugated 2,6-difluorophenylethylphosphonic acid resulted in a 0.57 eV decrease, as measured by Kelvin probe. This resulted in an average power conversion efficiency of 5.89% for conjugated 2,6-difluorophenyvinylphosphonic acid modified solar cells, an improvement over unmodified (5.24%) and nonconjugated phosphonic acid modified devices (5.64%), indicating the importance of the conjugated linkage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Braid
- Department of Physics and §Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines , Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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Poštová Slavětínská L, Rejman D, Pohl R. Pyrrolidine nucleotide analogs with a tunable conformation. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:1967-80. [PMID: 25246956 PMCID: PMC4168946 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational preferences of the pyrrolidine ring in nucleotide analogs 7–14 were investigated by means of NMR and molecular modeling. The effect of the relative configuration of hydroxy and nucleobase substituents as well as the effect of the alkylation or acylation of the pyrrolidine nitrogen atom on the conformation of the pyrrolidine ring were studied. The results of a conformational analysis show that the alkylation/acylation can be effectively used for tuning the pyrrolidine conformation over the whole pseudorotation cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Poštová Slavětínská
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Rejman
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Pohl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Chougrani K, Niel G, Boutevin B, David G. Regioselective ester cleavage during the preparation of bisphosphonate methacrylate monomers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:364-8. [PMID: 21512600 PMCID: PMC3079116 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
New functional monomers bearing a methacrylate, a bisphosphonate function and, for most, an internal carboxylate group, were prepared for incorporation into copolymers with adhesive or anticorrosive properties. Methanolysis of some trimethylsilyl bisphosphonate esters not only deprotects the desired bisphosphonate function but also regioselectively cleaves the alkyl ester function without affecting the methacrylate ester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Chougrani
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, UMR 5253 CNRS, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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Abstract
Inhibiting the non-specific adhesion of cells and proteins to biomaterials such as stents, catheters and guide wires is an important interfacial issue that needs to be addressed in order to reduce surface-related implant complications. Medical grade stainless steel 316L was used as a model system to address this issue. To alter the interfacial property of the implant, self assembled monolayers of long chain phosphonic acids with -CH(3), -COOH, -OH tail groups were formed on the native oxide surface of medical grade stainless steel 316L. The effect of varying the tail groups on 3T3 fibroblast adhesion was investigated. The methyl terminated phosphonic acid significantly prevented cell adhesion however presentation of hydrophilic tail groups at the interface did not significantly reduce cell adhesion when compared to the control stainless steel 316L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Raman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
| | - Ellen S. Gawalt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
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50
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Abstract
Organophosphonic acid self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on oxide surfaces have recently seen increased use in electrical and biological sensor applications. The reliability and reproducibility of these sensors require good molecular organization in these SAMs. In this regard, packing, order, and alignment in the SAMs is important, as it influences the electron transport measurements. In this study, we examine the order of hydroxyl- and methyl-terminated phosphonate films deposited onto silicon oxide surfaces by the tethering by aggregation and growth method using complementary, state-of-art surface characterization tools. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and in situ sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy are used to study the order of the phosphonate SAMs in vacuum and under aqueous conditions, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry results show that these samples form chemically intact monolayer phosphonate films. NEXAFS and SFG spectroscopy showed that molecular order exists in the octadecylphosphonic acid and 11-hydroxyundecylphosphonic acid SAMs. The chain tilt angles in these SAMs were approximately 37° and 45°, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Dubey
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
| | - Tobias Weidner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
| | - Lara J. Gamble
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
| | - David G. Castner
- National ESCA and Surface Analysis Center for Biomedical Problems, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Box 351750, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1750 USA
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