1
|
Zhao X, Lin C, Wang C, Tian H, Yan T, Li B, Ye N, Luo M. Molecular Crystals Constructed by Polar Molecular Cages: A Promising System for Exploring High-performance Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319424. [PMID: 38270334 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Polar molecular crystals, with their densely stacked polar nonlinear optical (NLO) active units, are favored for their large second harmonic generation (SHG) responses and birefringence. However, their potential for practical applications as Infrared (IR) NLO materials has historically been underappreciated due to the weak inter-molecular interaction forces that may compromise their physicochemical properties. In this study, we propose molecular crystals with polar molecular cages as a treasure-house for the development of superior IR NLO materials and a representative system, binary chalcogenide molecular crystals, composed of [P4 Sn ] (n=3-9) polar molecular cages, is introduced. These crystals may not only achieve wide band gap, large SHG response, and birefringence in a single structure, but also exhibit favorable physicochemical properties. We subsequently obtained a polar molecular crystal, α-P4 S5 , which demonstrated exceptional IR optical properties, including a strong SHG response (1.1×AGS), wide band gap (3.02 eV), large birefringence (0.134@2050 nm), and a broad transmission range (0.41-14.7 μm). Moreover, it showed excellent water resistance and hardness. These findings highlight the potential of polar molecular crystals as a promising platform for the development of high-performance IR NLO materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chensheng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haotian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Yan
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Bingxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| | - Ning Ye
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Crystal Materials, Institute of Functional Crystal, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Min Luo
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Chemistry and Physics, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu Z, Liang Y, Zhao Q, Wu H, Pan B, Qiao S, Wang B, Zhan Q. Three-dimensional, dual-color nanoscopy enabled by migrating photon avalanches with one single low-power CW beam. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:458-465. [PMID: 38171962 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy is very essential for understanding the physical and biological fundamentals at nanometer scale. However, to date most super-resolution modalities require either complicated/costly purpose-built systems such as multiple-beam architectures or complex post-processing procedures with intrinsic artifacts. Achieving three-dimensional (3D) or multi-channel sub-diffraction microscopic imaging using a simple method remains a challenging and struggling task. Herein, we proposed 3D highly-nonlinear super-resolution microscopy using a single-beam excitation strategy, and the microscopy principle was modelled and studied based on the ultrahigh nonlinearity enabled by photon avalanches. According to the simulation, the point spread function of highly nonlinear microscopy is switchable among different modes and can shrink three-dimensionally to sub-diffraction scale at the photon avalanche mode. Experimentally, we demonstrated 3D optical nanoscopy assisted with huge optical nonlinearities in a simple laser scanning configuration, achieving a lateral resolution down to 58 nm (λ/14) and an axial resolution down to 185 nm (λ/5) with one single beam of low-power, continuous-wave, near-infrared laser. We further extended the photon avalanche effect to many other emitters to develop multi-color photon avalanching nanoprobes based on migrating photon avalanche mechanism, which enables us to implement single-beam dual-color sub-diffraction super-resolution microscopic imaging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Zhu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yusen Liang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Binxiong Pan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Shuqian Qiao
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Baoju Wang
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Qiuqiang Zhan
- Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Guangdong Engineering Research Centre of Optoelectronic Intelligent Information Perception, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lakhera S, Rana M, Devlal K. Comprehensive quantum chemical study of the associative complex of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin by adsorption and aromatic bridges. J Mol Model 2024; 30:37. [PMID: 38212580 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The present study accounts for the quantum chemical and nonlinear optical properties of the combination of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin. Three different complexes were designed, surface interaction (adsorption) and two by connecting both molecules with π-bridge benzene and biphenyl. The amino and carboxyl groups were observed to behave as strong donor and acceptor sites in all the complexes. The band gap of the adsorbed complex was found more suitable. The absorption wavelength and intensity both were seen to increase with the increase in the number of benzene rings in the π-bridge. The values of first- and second-order hyperpolarizability suggest the improved nonlinear optical responses of the introduced complexes. Additionally, the negative value of second-order hyperpolarizability suggests the possibility of the occurrence of reverse saturable absorption in these combinations. The reported work gives theoretical insights into the nonlinear optical properties of the combination of para-aminobenzoic acid and 7-diethylamino 4-methyl coumarin. METHODS The molecular modeling and the quantum chemical studies were performed with Gaussian software packages. The standard B3LYP-6-311++G(d,p) basis functionals were used for energy minimization and other spectral calculations. All the surface analyses reported here are obtained by employing Multiwfn software. The chemical reactivity was established by the global reactivity descriptors. The intramolecular interactions and charge localization were stated using inter-fragment charge transfer analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Lakhera
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India.
| | - Kamal Devlal
- Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani, Uttarakhand, 263139, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kosar N, Kanwal S, Sajid H, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Elfaki Ibrahim K, Gatasheh MK, Mary YS, Mahmood T. Frequency-dependent nonlinear optical response and refractive index investigation of lactone-derived thermochromic compounds. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 126:108646. [PMID: 37816302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) switchable materials play a crucial role in the fields of electronics and optoelectronics. The selection of an appropriate switching approach is vital in designing such materials to enhance their NLO response. Among various approaches, thermos-switching materials have shown a 4-fold increase in NLO response compared to other photo-switching materials. In this study, we computationally investigated the geometric, electronic, and nonlinear optical properties of reversible lactone-based thermochromic compounds using the ωB97XD/6-311+G (d,p) level of theory. Molecular orbital studies are employed to analyze the electronic properties of the close and open isomers of these compounds, while time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) analysis is utilized to evaluate their molecular absorption. Our findings reveal that the π-electronic conjugation-induced delocalization significantly influences the ON-OFF switchable nonlinear optical response of the lactone-based thermochromic compounds. Notably, among all compounds, the open isomer of lactone 2 exhibits the highest hyperpolarizability value (6596.69 au). Furthermore, we extended our analysis to investigate the frequency-dependent second and third-order hyperpolarizabilities. The most pronounced frequency-dependent NLO response is observed at 532 nm. Additionally, we calculated the refractive index of these thermochromic compounds to further assess their nonlinear optical response. The open isomer of lactone 1 demonstrates the highest refractive index value (3.99 × 10-14 cm2/W). Overall, our study highlights the excellent potential of reversible thermochromic compounds as NLO molecular thermos-switches for future applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C-11, Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saba Kanwal
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mansour K Gatasheh
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Y Sheena Mary
- Department of Physics, FMNC, Kollam, Kerala, University of Kerala, India
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, 32038, Bahrain.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cui P, Wu Q. Density functional theory investigation of photoelectric conversion in graphene quantum dot/Ir(III) complex nanocomposites: the influence of π-conjugation in cyclometalating ligands. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2023; 22:2621-2634. [PMID: 37718379 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-023-00477-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT), this study investigates the photoelectric performance of nanocomposites formed by coupling graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with Ir(III) complexes. The goal is to evaluate the influence of different π-conjugation levels in cyclometalating ligands and determine the most efficient ligand for energy conversion in the nanocomposite. The analysis covers seven distinct Ir(III) complexes, each featuring a common bpy ligand but differing diimine ligands. These complexes are linked to GQDs through amide connections. The study comprehensively examines electronic structure, absorption spectra, charge transfer, and chemical reactivity. Our results show that increased ligand π-conjugation causes a redshift in the absorption spectrum due to smaller highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps, ultimately enhancing light harvesting. This effect becomes more pronounced when GQDs are incorporated. For less-conjugated ligands, attaching GQDs enhances metal-to-ligand charge transfer, facilitating electron injection into TiO2. Moreover, higher conjugation and GQD coupling reduce chemical hardness while increasing chemical potential and electrophilicity, thus improving electron acceptance. Furthermore, strategic structural variations modify free energy changes for electron injection and ground-state regeneration. Notable is the inclusion of perylene and pyrene moieties in the ligand, which accelerates injection and extends recombination lifetimes, while GQD incorporation accelerates injection across all ligands. Additionally, photocurrent generation primarily influences energy conversion efficiency. Finally, adding GQDs enhances the first-order hyperpolarizability, further boosting light harvesting. This study demonstrates the potential of tuning ligand π-conjugation and GQD interfaces to optimize optoelectronic properties and charge transfer dynamics, thereby enhancing solar energy conversion in GQD/Ir(III) complex systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cui
- School of New Materials and Shoes & Clothing Engineering, Liming Vocational University, Quanzhou, China.
| | - Qiulan Wu
- School of New Materials and Shoes & Clothing Engineering, Liming Vocational University, Quanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tuma FA, Ashoor MJ, Sultan HA, Al-Saymari FA, Hassan QMA, Alsalim TA, Emshary CA, Saeed BA. Curcumin Analogue Spectral, Nonlinear Optical Properties and All-optical Switching Using Visible, Low Power Cw Laser Beams. J Fluoresc 2023:10.1007/s10895-023-03475-x. [PMID: 37906361 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we conducted the synthesis and diagnosis of compound denoted as 1A3, specifically, (2E,4E,9E,11E)-7-chloro-2,12-diphenyltrideca-2,4,9,11-tetraene-6,8-dione. The photoluminescent and UV-vis spectral properties of this compound are investigated. The compound is dissolved in both chloroform and DMF for analysis purposes. Compound 1A3's nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics when dissolved in DMF, are extensively studied through a series of experiments including diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan. The optical limiting (OL) property of the 1A3 compound is tested and a threshold value of 12.4 mW at the wavelength 473 nm is obtained. Additionally, we explored its potential for all-optical switching utilizing two low-power visible laser beams. Notably, we achieved a significant nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) reaching up to 5.921 x 10-11 m2/W. To analyze the obtained diffraction patterns, we employed the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral equation and conducted meticulous simulations. The numerical outcomes showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil A Tuma
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - M J Ashoor
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - H A Sultan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - F A Al-Saymari
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Qusay M A Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq.
| | - Tahseen A Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - C A Emshary
- Department of Physics, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| | - Bahjat A Saeed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, 61001, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Helgason ÓB, Girardi M, Ye Z, Lei F, Schröder J, Torres-Company V. Surpassing the nonlinear conversion efficiency of soliton microcombs. Nat Photonics 2023; 17:992-999. [PMID: 37920810 PMCID: PMC10618085 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-023-01280-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Laser frequency combs are enabling some of the most exciting scientific endeavours in the twenty-first century, ranging from the development of optical clocks to the calibration of the astronomical spectrographs used for discovering Earth-like exoplanets. Dissipative Kerr solitons generated in microresonators currently offer the prospect of attaining frequency combs in miniaturized systems by capitalizing on advances in photonic integration. Most of the applications based on soliton microcombs rely on tuning a continuous-wave laser into a longitudinal mode of a microresonator engineered to display anomalous dispersion. In this configuration, however, nonlinear physics precludes one from attaining dissipative Kerr solitons with high power conversion efficiency, with typical comb powers amounting to ~1% of the available laser power. Here we demonstrate that this fundamental limitation can be overcome by inducing a controllable frequency shift to a selected cavity resonance. Experimentally, we realize this shift using two linearly coupled anomalous-dispersion microresonators, resulting in a coherent dissipative Kerr soliton with a conversion efficiency exceeding 50% and excellent line spacing stability. We describe the soliton dynamics in this configuration and find vastly modified characteristics. By optimizing the microcomb power available on-chip, these results facilitate the practical implementation of a scalable integrated photonic architecture for energy-efficient applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Óskar B. Helgason
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marcello Girardi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Zhichao Ye
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fuchuan Lei
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jochen Schröder
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Victor Torres-Company
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Neufeld O, Hübener H, Jotzu G, De Giovannini U, Rubio A. Band Nonlinearity-Enabled Manipulation of Dirac Nodes, Weyl Cones, and Valleytronics with Intense Linearly Polarized Light. Nano Lett 2023; 23:7568-7575. [PMID: 37578460 PMCID: PMC10450813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
We study low-frequency linearly polarized laser-dressing in materials with valley (graphene and hexagonal-Boron-Nitride) and topological (Dirac- and Weyl-semimetals) properties. In Dirac-like linearly dispersing bands, the laser substantially moves the Dirac nodes away from their original position, and the movement direction can be fully controlled by rotating the laser polarization. We prove that this effect originates from band nonlinearities away from the Dirac nodes. We further demonstrate that this physical mechanism is widely applicable and can move the positions of the valley minima in hexagonal materials to tune valley selectivity, split and move Weyl cones in higher-order Weyl semimetals, and merge Dirac nodes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetals. The model results are validated with ab initio calculations. Our results directly affect efforts for exploring light-dressed electronic structure, suggesting that one can benefit from band nonlinearity for tailoring material properties, and highlight the importance of the full band structure in nonlinear optical phenomena in solids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Neufeld
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Hannes Hübener
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Gregor Jotzu
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
| | - Umberto De Giovannini
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Dipartimento
di Fisica e Chimica—Emilio Segrè, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo I-90123, Italy
| | - Angel Rubio
- Center
for Free-electron Laser Science, Max Planck
Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg 22761, Germany
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics (CCQ), The Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kosar N, Wajid S, Ayub K, Gilani MA, Binti Zainal Arfan NH, Sheikh Abdul Hamid MH, Imran M, Sheikh NS, Mahmood T. Giant NLO response and deep ultraviolet transparency of dual (alkali/alkaline earth) metals doped C 6O 6Li 6 electrides. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18264. [PMID: 37533989 PMCID: PMC10391932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The designing of new materials having outstanding nonlinear optical (NLO) response is much needed for use in latest optics. Herein, the geometric, electronic and NLO properties of alkali and alkaline earth metals doped C6O6Li6 (alk-C6O6Li6-alkearth, alkearth = Ca, Mg, Be and alk = K, Na, Li) electrides is studied via quantum chemical approach. The interaction energies (Eint) are examined to illustrate their thermodynamic stability. The strong interaction energy of -39.99 kcal mol-1 is observed for Ca-C6O6Li6-Li electride in comparison to others. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) energy gap of considered complexes is changed due to the electronic density shifting between metals and C6O6Li6 surface, which notifies the semi conducting properties of these electrides. The FMOs isodensities and natural bond orbital (NBO) charge analysis are performed to justify charge transfer between dopants and complexant. UV-Visible study also confirmed the application of these electrides as deep ultra-violet laser devices. NLO response is studied through calculation of first hyperpolarizability (βo). The highest βo value of 1.68 × 105 au is calculated for Mg-C6O6Li6-K electride. NLO response is further rationalized by three- and two-level models approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kosar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Management and Technology (UMT), C-11, Johar Town Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sunaina Wajid
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Amjad Gilani
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nur Hazimah Binti Zainal Arfan
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | | | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadeem S. Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad-22060, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun Y, Hu Z, Cheng S, Zhao Y, Wang L, Chen K, Sun W. Proposal of optically tunable and reconfigurable multi-channel bandstop filter using sum-frequency generation in a PPLN waveguide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15073. [PMID: 37151712 PMCID: PMC10161363 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A multi-wavelength bandstop filter is proposed and numerically demonstrated using the sum-frequency generation (SFG) process in a waveguide of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN). This proposed device achieves channels number reconfigurable, central filtering wavelength of each filtering channel independently tunable and extinction ratios (ERs) equalized via all-optical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhe Sun
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Zhefeng Hu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Corresponding author. School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China.
| | - Shuting Cheng
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Yachao Zhao
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Lingfang Wang
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Kaixin Chen
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China
| | - Wenbao Sun
- Tianjin Jinhang Technical Physics Institute, Tianjin, 300308, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tomm N, Mahmoodian S, Antoniadis NO, Schott R, Valentin SR, Wieck AD, Ludwig A, Javadi A, Warburton RJ. Photon bound state dynamics from a single artificial atom. Nat Phys 2023; 19:857-862. [PMID: 37323806 PMCID: PMC10264240 DOI: 10.1038/s41567-023-01997-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between photons and a single two-level atom constitutes a fundamental paradigm in quantum physics. The nonlinearity provided by the atom leads to a strong dependence of the light-matter interface on the number of photons interacting with the two-level system within its emission lifetime. This nonlinearity unveils strongly correlated quasiparticles known as photon bound states, giving rise to key physical processes such as stimulated emission and soliton propagation. Although signatures consistent with the existence of photon bound states have been measured in strongly interacting Rydberg gases, their hallmark excitation-number-dependent dispersion and propagation velocity have not yet been observed. Here we report the direct observation of a photon-number-dependent time delay in the scattering off a single artificial atom-a semiconductor quantum dot coupled to an optical cavity. By scattering a weak coherent pulse off the cavity-quantum electrodynamics system and measuring the time-dependent output power and correlation functions, we show that single photons and two- and three-photon bound states incur different time delays, becoming shorter for higher photon numbers. This reduced time delay is a fingerprint of stimulated emission, where the arrival of two photons within the lifetime of an emitter causes one photon to stimulate the emission of another.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Tomm
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sahand Mahmoodian
- Centre for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales Australia
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Schott
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sascha R. Valentin
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas D. Wieck
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Arne Ludwig
- Lehrstuhl für Angewandte Festkörperphysik, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Alisa Javadi
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rho Y, Yoo S, Durham DB, Kang D, Minor AM, Grigoropoulos CP. Plasmonic Nonlinear Energy Transfer Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation Nanoscopy. Nano Lett 2023; 23:1843-1849. [PMID: 36847852 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical response is a fingerprint of various physicochemical properties of materials related to symmetry, including crystallography, interfacial configuration, and carrier dynamics. However, the intrinsically weak nonlinear optical susceptibility and the diffraction limit of far-field optics restrict probing deep-subwavelength-scale nonlinear optics with measurable signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we propose an alternative approach toward efficient second harmonic generation (SHG) nanoscopy for SHG-active sample (zinc oxide nanowire; ZnO NW) using an SHG-active plasmonic nanotip. Our full-wave simulation suggests that the experimentally observed high near-field SHG contrast is possible when the nonlinear response of ZnO NW is enhanced and/or that of the tip is suppressed. This result suggests possible evidence of quantum mechanical nonlinear energy transfer between the tip and the sample, modifying the nonlinear optical susceptibility. Further, this process probes the nanoscale corrosion of ZnO NW, demonstrating potential use in studying various physicochemical phenomena in nanoscale resolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsoo Rho
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Physical & Life Sciences and NIF & Photon Sciences, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - SeokJae Yoo
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel B Durham
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - DongJun Kang
- Department of Physics, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Andrew M Minor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Costas P Grigoropoulos
- Laser Thermal Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Houard A, Walch P, Produit T, Moreno V, Mahieu B, Sunjerga A, Herkommer C, Mostajabi A, Andral U, André YB, Lozano M, Bizet L, Schroeder MC, Schimmel G, Moret M, Stanley M, Rison WA, Maurice O, Esmiller B, Michel K, Haas W, Metzger T, Rubinstein M, Rachidi F, Cooray V, Mysyrowicz A, Kasparian J, Wolf JP. Laser-guided lightning. Nat Photonics 2023; 17:231-235. [PMID: 36909208 PMCID: PMC9988683 DOI: 10.1038/s41566-022-01139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Lightning discharges between charged clouds and the Earth's surface are responsible for considerable damages and casualties. It is therefore important to develop better protection methods in addition to the traditional Franklin rod. Here we present the first demonstration that laser-induced filaments-formed in the sky by short and intense laser pulses-can guide lightning discharges over considerable distances. We believe that this experimental breakthrough will lead to progress in lightning protection and lightning physics. An experimental campaign was conducted on the Säntis mountain in north-eastern Switzerland during the summer of 2021 with a high-repetition-rate terawatt laser. The guiding of an upward negative lightning leader over a distance of 50 m was recorded by two separate high-speed cameras. The guiding of negative lightning leaders by laser filaments was corroborated in three other instances by very-high-frequency interferometric measurements, and the number of X-ray bursts detected during guided lightning events greatly increased. Although this research field has been very active for more than 20 years, this is the first field-result that experimentally demonstrates lightning guided by lasers. This work paves the way for new atmospheric applications of ultrashort lasers and represents an important step forward in the development of a laser based lightning protection for airports, launchpads or large infrastructures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Houard
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pierre Walch
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Thomas Produit
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Victor Moreno
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Benoit Mahieu
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Antonio Sunjerga
- EMC Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Amirhossein Mostajabi
- EMC Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ugo Andral
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yves-Bernard André
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Magali Lozano
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | - Laurent Bizet
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
| | | | | | - Michel Moret
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mark Stanley
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM USA
| | - W. A. Rison
- Langmuir Laboratory for Atmospheric Research, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM USA
| | | | | | - Knut Michel
- TRUMPF Scientific Lasers GmbH + Co. KG, Unterfohring, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Metzger
- TRUMPF Scientific Lasers GmbH + Co. KG, Unterfohring, Germany
| | - Marcos Rubinstein
- School of Management and Engineering Vaud, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland
| | - Farhad Rachidi
- EMC Laboratory, Electrical Engineering Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vernon Cooray
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - André Mysyrowicz
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée – ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, IP Paris, Palaiseau, France
- André Mysyrowicz Consultants, Versailles, France
| | - Jérôme Kasparian
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Wolf
- Groupe de Physique Appliquée, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Metasurfaces have emerged as a fascinating framework for nonlinear optics, which have advantages of a compact footprint and unprecedented flexibility in manipulating light. But their nonlinear responses are generally limited by the short interaction lengths with light. Therefore, further enhancement is highly desired for building high-efficiency nonlinear devices. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a record high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of 2.0 × 10-4 using lithium niobate (LN) membrane metasurfaces. Benefiting from the large refractive index contrast in the vertical direction and high fabrication quality, distinct spectral resonances and tight field confinements in the LN layer were achieved. Strong SHG peaks resulting from pump resonances of the metasurfaces were observed. Our nonlinear efficiency is more than 2 orders of magnitude larger than previously reported LN metasurfaces. The results inspire a way to improve the efficiency of nonlinear metasurfaces for ultracompact nonlinear light sources in applications of nonlinear holography, Li-Fi, beam shaping, etc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lun Qu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Lu Bai
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Jin
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Bofeng Gao
- Jinan Institute of Quantum Technology, Jinan 250101, P. R. China
| | - Juntao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Cai
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Mengxin Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, P. R. China
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shi J, Lin Z, Zhu Z, Zhou J, Xu GQ, Xu QH. Probing Excitonic Rydberg States by Plasmon Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy in Monolayer WS 2 at Room Temperature. ACS Nano 2022; 16:15862-15872. [PMID: 36169603 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c02276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers such as WS2 are largely dominated by excitons due to strong Coulomb interactions in these 2D confined monolayers, which lead to formation of Rydberg-like excitonic states below the free quasiparticle band gap. The precise knowledge of high order Rydberg excitonic states is of great importance for both fundamental understanding such as many-electron effects and device applications such as optical switching and quantum process information. Bright excitonic states could be probed by linear optical spectroscopy, while probing dark excitonic states generally requires nonlinear optical (NLO) spectroscopy. Conventional optical methods for probing high-order Rydberg excitonic states were generally performed at cryogenic temperatures to ensure enough signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and narrow line width. Here we have designed a hybrid nanostructure of monolayer WS2 integrated with a plasmonic cavity and investigated their NLO properties at the single particle level. Giant enhancement in NLO responses, stronger excitonic resonance effects, and narrowed line widths of NLO excitation spectra were observed when monolayer WS2 was placed in our carefully designed plasmonic cavity. Optimum enhancement of 1000-, 3000-, and 3800-fold were achieved for two-photon photoluminescence (2PPL), second harmonic generation (SHG), and third-harmonic generation (THG), respectively, in the optimized cavity structure. The line width of SHG excitation spectra was reduced from 43 down to 15 meV. Plasmon enhanced NLO responses brought improved SNR and spectral resolution, which allowed us to distinguish discrete excitonic states with small energy differences at room temperature. By using three complementary NLO techniques in combination with linear optical spectroscopy, energies of Rydberg excitonic states of A (1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s), B (1s), and C and D excitons of monolayer WS2 have been accurately determined, which allow us to determine exciton binding energy and quasiparticle bandgap. It was interesting to find that the 2p lies 30 meV below 2s, which lends strong support to the theoretical prediction of nonlocal dielectric screening effects based on a non-hydrogenic model. Our results show that plasmon enhanced NLO spectroscopy could serve as a general method for probing high order Rydberg excitonic states of 2D materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Zexin Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Key Lab of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Lab of Nanophotonics & Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems, and School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guo Qin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Qing-Hua Xu
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo Y, Li M, Tang J, Zang J, Wang Y, Liu T, Fang Y. Interfacially confined preparation of fumaronitrile-based nanofilms exhibiting broadband saturable absorption properties. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:569-577. [PMID: 35870409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Interfacial nanofilms with nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were prepared via confined dynamic condensation of 4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDA) with the synthesized 2,3-bis(4-(bis(4-formylphenyl)amino)phenyl)fumaronitrile (BTFA). Investigated using the open-aperture Z-scan technique, BTFA showed reverse saturable absorption ascribed to the synergetic mechanisms of two-photon and excited-state absorption. In contrast, the as-prepared nanofilms demonstrated broadband saturable absorption within the spectral range of 720∼1700 nm. The characteristics of nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) decreased along with increasing the incident pulse intensity. Taking advantage of the flexibility and post-machinability properties, the folding layers of the nanofilms offered the feasibility to fine-tune the specific NLO responses. The optimal β value was found to be -10.1 cm/MW for eight-layer nanofilm as well as the normalized transmittance increased up to 35-fold at 800 nm. Utilized as a conceptual saturable absorber, the representative modulation depth and saturation intensity were observed to be around 2.4% and 7.37 GW/cm2 at 800 nm, respectively, comparable to traditional two-dimensional (2D) materials. Aiming to clarify the possible underlying physical processes, a four-level model was employed to illustrate the fast relaxation of the excited states. Present work demonstrates that proper design of building blocks combined with interfacially confined dynamic condensation enables rational development of high-performance NLO materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Jianyang Zang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China
| | - Taihong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| | - Yu Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fonseca S, Santos L, Pereira R, Modesto-Costa L, da Cunha AR, Siqueira MRS, Carvalho FAO, Andrade-Filho T, Gester R. A DFT analysis of electronic, reactivity, and NLO responses of a reactive orange dye: the role of Hartree-Fock exchange corrections. J Mol Model 2022; 28:85. [PMID: 35377023 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
An experimental and theoretical study based on DFT/TD-DFT approximations is presented to understand the nature of electronic excitations, reactivity, and nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of reactive orange 16 dye (RO16), an azo chromophore widely used in textile and pharmacological industries. The results show that the solvent has a considerable influence on the electronic properties of the material. According to experimental results, the absorption spectrum is formed by four intense transitions, which have been identified as [Formula: see text] states using TD-DFT calculations. However, the TD-DFT results reveal a weak [Formula: see text] in the low-lying spectral region. Continuum models of solvation indicate that these states suffer from bathochromic (ca. 15 nm) and hypsochromic shifts (ca. 4 nm), respectively. However, the expected blue shift for the absorption [Formula: see text] is only described using long-range or dispersion-corrected DFT methods. RO16 is classified as a strong electrophilic system, with electrophilicity ω > 1.5 eV. Concerning the nucleophilicity parameter (N), from vacuum to solvent, the environment is active and changes the nucleophilic status from strong to moderate nucleophile (2.0 ≤ N ≤ 3.0 eV). The results also suggest that all electrical constants are strongly dependent on long-range and Hartree-Fock exchange contributions, and the absence of these interactions gives results far from reality. In particular, the results for the NLO response show that the chromophore presents a potential application in this field with a low refractive index and first hyperpolarizability ca. 214 times bigger than the value usually reported for urea (β = 0.34 × 10- 30 esu), which is a standard NLO material. Concerning the solvent effects, the results indicate that the polarizability increases [Formula: see text] esu from gas to solvent while the first hyperpolarizability is calculated as [Formula: see text] esu, ca. 180%, regarding the vacuum. The results suggest RO16 is a potential compound in NLO applications. Graphical Abstract The frontier molecular orbitals, and the inverse relation between the energy-gap (Egap) and the first hyperpolarizability (β).
Collapse
|
18
|
Liaros N, Gutierrez Razo SA, Thum MD, Ogden HM, Zeppuhar AN, Wolf S, Baldacchini T, Kelley MJ, Petersen JS, Falvey DE, Mullin AS, Fourkas JT. Elucidating complex triplet-state dynamics in the model system isopropylthioxanthone. iScience 2022; 25:103600. [PMID: 35005547 PMCID: PMC8717599 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduce techniques for probing the dynamics of triplet states. We employ these tools, along with conventional techniques, to develop a detailed understanding of a complex chemical system: a negative-tone, radical photoresist for multiphoton absorption polymerization in which isopropylthioxanthone (ITX) is the photoinitiator. This work reveals that the same color of light used for the 2-photon excitation of ITX, leading to population of the triplet manifold through intersystem crossing, also depletes this triplet population via linear absorption followed by reverse intersystem crossing (RISC). Using spectroscopic tools and kinetic modeling, we identify the reactive triplet state and a non-reactive reservoir triplet state. We present compelling evidence that the deactivation channel involves RISC from an excited triplet state to a highly vibrationally excited level of the electronic ground state. The work described here offers the enticing possibility of understanding, and ultimately controlling, the photochemistry and photophysics of a broad range of triplet processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Liaros
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | - Matthew D. Thum
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Hannah M. Ogden
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Andrea N. Zeppuhar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Steven Wolf
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | | | | | - John S. Petersen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- imec, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Daniel E. Falvey
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Amy S. Mullin
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - John T. Fourkas
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Institute for Physical Science & Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jiang D, Song H, Wen T, Jiang Z, Li C, Liu K, Yang W, Huang H, Wang Y. Pressure-Driven Two-Step Second-Harmonic-Generation Switching in BiOIO3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202116656. [PMID: 34964244 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Materials with multi-stabilities controllable by external stimuli are potential for high-capacity information storage and switch devices. Herein, we report the observation of pressure-driven two-step second-harmonic-generation (SHG) switching in polar BiOIO 3 for the first time. Structure analyses reveal two pressure-induced phase transitions in BiOIO 3 from the ambient noncentrosymmetric phase (SHG-high) to an intermediate noncentrosymmetric phase (SHG-intermediate) and then to a centrosymmetric phase (SHG-off). The three-state SHG switching is inspected by in-situ high-pressure powder SHG and polarization-dependent single-crystal SHG measurements. Local structure analyses based on the in-situ Raman spectra and X-ray absorption spectra reveal that the SHG switching are caused by the step-wise suppression of lone-pair electrons on the [IO 3 ] - units. The dramatic evolution of the functional units under compression also leads to subtle changes of the optical absorption edge of BiOIO 3 . Materials with switchable multiple stabilities provide a state-of-art platform for next-generation switch and information storage devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Huimin Song
- Peking University, School of Materials Science and Engineering, CHINA
| | - Ting Wen
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Zimin Jiang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Chen Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Ke Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| | - Hongwei Huang
- China University of Geosciences Beijing, No. 29, Xueyuan Road, Haidian DIstrict, 100083, Beijing, CHINA
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, HP-ISSC, CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu N, Chen Z, Fan W, Su J, Lin T, Xiao S, Meng J, He J, Vittal JJ, Jiang J. Highly Efficient Multiphoton Absorption of Zn-AIEgen Frameworks. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115205. [PMID: 34962680 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of luminescent frameworks were synthesized from the selective combination of AIE-linker tetra-(4-carboxylphenyl)ethylene (H 4 TCPE) and Zn 2+ . Complex 1 was formed by the close packing of Zn-TCPE hinge, and isostructural complexes 2 - 5 were constructed by the linkage of Zn-TCPE layer and pillar ligand. These complexes exhibit highly efficient multiphoton excited photoluminescence (MEPL) concomitant third-harmonic generation (THG). Interestingly, multiphoton apparent parameters of 1 are far superior to some excellent multiphoton emission materials, even the perovskite nanocrystal. The incorporation of pillar linkers slows down the charge transfer between layers of Zn-TCPE, and the aromatic core of pillar linkers has a great influence on the MEA performance of corresponding frameworks. The unprecedented structural and optical tuning of high performance MPA crystalline materials provides efficient suggestion for the design of next generation multiphoton absorption materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naifang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhihui Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Wenxuan Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jie Su
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Tingting Lin
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innnovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Si Xiao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jianqiao Meng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jun He
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Devices, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China
| | - Jagadese J Vittal
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3, Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wu C, Jiang X, Hu Y, Jiang C, Wu T, Lin Z, Huang Z, Humphrey MG, Zhang C. A Lanthanum Ammonium Sulfate Double Salt with a Strong SHG Response and Wide Deep-UV Transparency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202115855. [PMID: 34894166 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The targeted synthesis of deep-ultraviolet (deep-UV) nonlinear optical (NLO) materials, especially those with non-π-conjugated sulfates, has experienced considerable difficulties due to the need to reconcile the oft-competing requirements for deep-UV transparency and strong second-harmonic generation (SHG). We report herein the designed synthesis of the first rare-earth metal-based deep-UV sulfate La(NH4 )(SO4 )2 by a double-salt strategy involving introduction of complementary cations, together with optical studies that reveal a short-wavelength deep-UV absorption edge (below 190 nm) and the strongest SHG response among deep-UV NLO sulfates (2.4×KDP). Theoretical calculations and crystal structure analysis suggest that the excellent balance between SHG response and deep-UV transparency can be attributed to a synergistic interaction of the hetero-cations La3+ and [NH4 ]+ , which optimize alignment of the [SO4 ] tetrahedra and highly polarizable [LaO8 ] polyhedra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xingxing Jiang
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yilei Hu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chunbo Jiang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Tianhui Wu
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zheshuai Lin
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhipeng Huang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Mark G Humphrey
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Chi Zhang
- China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Baykusheva D, Chacón A, Lu J, Bailey TP, Sobota JA, Soifer H, Kirchmann PS, Rotundu C, Uher C, Heinz TF, Reis DA, Ghimire S. All-Optical Probe of Three-Dimensional Topological Insulators Based on High-Harmonic Generation by Circularly Polarized Laser Fields. Nano Lett 2021; 21:8970-8978. [PMID: 34676752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of an anomalous nonlinear optical response of the prototypical three-dimensional topological insulator bismuth selenide through the process of high-order harmonic generation. We find that the generation efficiency increases as the laser polarization is changed from linear to elliptical, and it becomes maximum for circular polarization. With the aid of a microscopic theory and a detailed analysis of the measured spectra, we reveal that such anomalous enhancement encodes the characteristic topology of the band structure that originates from the interplay of strong spin-orbit coupling and time-reversal symmetry protection. The implications are in ultrafast probing of topological phase transitions, light-field driven dissipationless electronics, and quantum computation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denitsa Baykusheva
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Alexis Chacón
- Center for Nonlinear Studies and Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
- Department of Physics and Center for Attosecond Science and Technology, POSTECH, 7 Pohang 37673, South Korea
- Max Planck POSTECH/KOREA Research Initiative, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jian Lu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Trevor P Bailey
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Jonathan A Sobota
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Hadas Soifer
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Patrick S Kirchmann
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Costel Rotundu
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ctirad Uher
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - David A Reis
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Shambhu Ghimire
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen CA, Qiu QM, Yang GY. K 2 Na 3 [{B 6 O 10 (OH)}{B 3 O 4 (OH) 3 }] ⋅ H 2 O: A Layered Borate Built by Mixed Oxoboron Clusters with Nonlinear-Optical Property. Chem Asian J 2021; 16:3244-3248. [PMID: 34423901 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new acentric borate, K2 Na3 [{B6 O10 (OH)}-{B3 O4 (OH)3 }] ⋅ H2 O (1) has been made under solvothermal condition. 1 has layered structure made by B6 O13 (OH)-based chains and B3 O5 (OH)3 -bridging clusters. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) measurements reveal that 1 is a phase-matchable nonlinear optical (NLO) material, showing the SHG signal intensity of 1.8 times that of KDP (KH2 PO4 ). Besides, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrum shows that 1 has the short deep UV (DUV) absorption cutoff edge of 198 nm. Thermogravimetric analysis reveals it has good thermal stability. Also 1 represents firstly mixed oxoboron clusters-made 2D layered borate with NLO property.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chong-An Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Qi-Ming Qiu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Yu Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Cluster Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Shutov AD, Harrington JT, Zhu H, Wang DW, Zhang D, Yakovlev VV. Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microspectroscopy: an emerging technique for non-invasive optical assessment of a local bio-nano-environment. IEEE J Sel Top Quantum Electron 2021; 27:7201406. [PMID: 35756884 PMCID: PMC9232098 DOI: 10.1109/jstqe.2021.3083687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy provides a non-invasive, chemically-specific optical imaging of biological objects without relying on endogenous labels. Nonlinear Raman spectroscopy allows non-invasive imaging at much faster speed with an improved spatial resolution and axial sectioning capability. In this report we propose a novel use of nonlinear Raman spectroscopy as a sensor of local nano-environment. Time-resolved coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrograms are found to be sensitive to small variations of local structural changes, which are not normally observed using conventional Raman spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anton D Shutov
- Texas A&M University. He is currently with 10x Genomics, Inc., 6230 Stoneridge Mall Road, Pleasanton, CA 94888 USA
| | - Joseph T Harrington
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Da-Wei Wang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Delong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center of Quantum Information and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Device, Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027 China
| | - Vladislav V Yakovlev
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Antoniak MA, Pązik R, Bazylińska U, Wiwatowski K, Tomaszewska A, Kulpa-Greszta M, Adamczyk-Grochala J, Wnuk M, Maćkowski S, Lewińska A, Nyk M. Multimodal polymer encapsulated CdSe/Fe 3O 4 nanoplatform with improved biocompatibility for two-photon and temperature stimulated bioapplications. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 127:112224. [PMID: 34225869 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multimodal polymer encapsulated CdSe/Fe3O4 nanoplatforms with dual optical and magnetic properties have been fabricated. We demonstrate that CdSe/Fe3O4 nanocapsules (NCs) upon excitation with UV radiation or NIR fs-laser excitation exhibit intense one- or two-photon emission at 535 nm, whereas the combination of an alternating magnetic field and 808 nm IR laser excitation results in heat generation. Since anticancer therapies require relatively high doses of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) to induce biologically relevant temperature jumps, the therapeutic effects of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL Fe3O4 NCs and CdSe/Fe3O4 NCs were investigated using breast cancer cell lines, ER-positive MCF-7, and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 cells. Improved biocompatibility of CdSe/Fe3O4 NCs compared to Fe3O4 NCs was revealed at higher NCs concentration suggesting safe potential medical applications of CdSe/Fe3O4 NCs. In contrast, 1 mg/mL Fe3O4 NCs were found to be more cytotoxic to MDA-MB-231 than MCF-7 cells through iron-induced oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and concomitant ferroptotic cell death. We believe that Fe3O4 NCs-mediated cellular response may be heterogeneous that reflects, at least in part, cancer cell genotype, molecular phenotype, and pathological classification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magda A Antoniak
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Robert Pązik
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Urszula Bazylińska
- Department of Physical and Quantum Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Wiwatowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Tomaszewska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kulpa-Greszta
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland; Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, Aleja Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jagoda Adamczyk-Grochala
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Sebastian Maćkowski
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Grudziądzka 5, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Lewińska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Nyk
- Advanced Materials Engineering and Modelling Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ishaq M, Shehzad RA, Yaseen M, Iqbal S, Ayub K, Iqbal J. DFT study of superhalogen-doped borophene with enhanced nonlinear optical properties. J Mol Model 2021; 27:188. [PMID: 34041596 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The concern of the present study is to investigate the nonlinear optical properties of superhalogen-doped borophene owing to its broad applications. The first principle study of the material for its nonlinear optical properties elaborated its use for electrical and optical applications. The superhalogen-based borophene in lithium ion-based batteries and medical appliances have made it one of the most potential materials for optoelectronics. First, hyperpolarizability (βo) of pure and doped B36 is computed, and the difference between their values was examined. The vertical ionization energy (VIE) was calculated for pure and doped systems. The interaction energy (Ei) for all combinations was computed. It would be expected to be one of the best materials to have high capacity and resistance. For all the calculations and to calculate the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gap, the density functional theory (DFT) method was used. It is predicted that these combinations are more beneficial and can display better nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in electronic devices. Superhalogen-doped BF4 borophene-36 ground state optimized geometry, frontier molecular orbitals HOMO and LUMO, maximum absorption (λmax), density of states (DOS) analysis, and electrostatic potential diagram (MEP) are displayed here.
Collapse
|
27
|
Mizuguchi T, Nuriya M. Applications of second harmonic generation (SHG)/sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging for biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4. [PMID: 33108561 PMCID: PMC7755958 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00768-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane is a lipid bilayer of < 10 nm width that separates intra- and extra-cellular environments and serves as the site of cell-cell communication, as well as communication between cells and the extracellular environment. As such, biophysical phenomena at and around the plasma membrane play key roles in determining cellular physiology and pathophysiology. Thus, the selective visualization and characterization of the plasma membrane are crucial aspects of research in wide areas of biology and medicine. However, the specific characterization of the plasma membrane has been a challenge using conventional imaging techniques, which are unable to effectively distinguish between signals arising from the plasma membrane and those from intracellular lipid structures. In this regard, interface-specific second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) imaging demonstrate great potential. When combined with exogenous SHG/SFG active dyes, SHG/SFG can specifically highlight the plasma membrane as the most prominent interface associated with cells. Furthermore, SHG/SFG imaging can be readily extended to multimodal multiphoton microscopy with simultaneous occurrence of other multiphoton phenomena, including multiphoton excitation and coherent Raman scattering, which shed light on the biophysical properties of the plasma membrane from different perspectives. Here, we review traditional and current applications, as well as the prospects of long-known but unexplored SHG/SFG imaging techniques in biophysics, with special focus on their use in the biophysical characterization of the plasma membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takaha Mizuguchi
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Mutsuo Nuriya
- Department of Pharmacology School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan.
- Keio Advanced Research Center for Water Biology and Medicine, Keio University, 2-15-45 Mita, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8345, Japan.
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 240-8501, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Chen L, Zhong X, Xu J. Exciting Wavelength and Concentration Related Two-Photon Fluorescence of Single and Mixed Laser Dyes. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:1431-1437. [PMID: 32918650 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-019-02463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon nonlinear process induced fluorescence of Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Rhodamine B (RB), and their mixed aqueous solutions in mass proportion of 1:1, is experimentally observed by different exciting wavelengths. It shows that, for each sample, the exciting wavelength can influence the fluorescence intensity considerably but only slightly influence the peak wavelength of the spectrum. The optimal exciting wavelengths of R6G and the mixed dyes are around 700 nm. While for RB, the optimal exciting wavelengths can be 700 nm and 620 nm. For each dye sample, the spectral red-shift will occur as increase of the solution concentration. The mixing of the two dyes will cause the spectral red-shift with regard to the single dye under our experimental conditions. Moreover, in comparison, at lower concentrations, the mixed dye has relatively intense fluorescence. This work is of significance for determining the optimal exciting wavelength and developing the tunable two-photon dye lasers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| | - Xianqiong Zhong
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jiameng Xu
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kakarla R, Schröder J, Andrekson PA. One photon-per-bit receiver using near-noiseless phase-sensitive amplification. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:153. [PMID: 32944229 PMCID: PMC7468260 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Space communication for deep-space missions, inter-satellite data transfer and Earth monitoring requires high-speed data connectivity. The reach is fundamentally dictated by the available transmission power, the aperture size, and the receiver sensitivity. A transition from radio-frequency links to optical links is now seriously being considered, as this greatly reduces the channel loss caused by diffraction. A widely studied approach uses power-efficient formats along with nanowire-based photon-counting receivers cooled to a few Kelvins operating at speeds below 1 Gb/s. However, to achieve the multi-Gb/s data rates that will be required in the future, systems relying on pre-amplified receivers together with advanced signal generation and processing techniques from fibre communications are also considered. The sensitivity of such systems is largely determined by the noise figure (NF) of the pre-amplifier, which is theoretically 3 dB for almost all amplifiers. Phase-sensitive optical amplifiers (PSAs) with their uniquely low NF of 0 dB promise to provide the best possible sensitivity for Gb/s-rate long-haul free-space links. Here, we demonstrate a novel approach using a PSA-based receiver in a free-space transmission experiment with an unprecedented bit-error-free, black-box sensitivity of 1 photon-per-information-bit (PPB) at an information rate of 10.5 Gb/s. The system adopts a simple modulation format (quadrature-phase-shift keying, QPSK), standard digital signal processing for signal recovery and forward-error correction and is straightforwardly scalable to higher data rates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravikiran Kakarla
- Photonics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, 412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jochen Schröder
- Photonics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, 412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Peter A. Andrekson
- Photonics Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience (MC2), Chalmers University of Technology, 412-96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Xia S, Jukić D, Wang N, Smirnova D, Smirnov L, Tang L, Song D, Szameit A, Leykam D, Xu J, Chen Z, Buljan H. Nontrivial coupling of light into a defect: the interplay of nonlinearity and topology. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:147. [PMID: 32864122 PMCID: PMC7438503 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00371-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The flourishing of topological photonics in the last decade was achieved mainly due to developments in linear topological photonic structures. However, when nonlinearity is introduced, many intriguing questions arise. For example, are there universal fingerprints of the underlying topology when modes are coupled by nonlinearity, and what can happen to topological invariants during nonlinear propagation? To explore these questions, we experimentally demonstrate nonlinearity-induced coupling of light into topologically protected edge states using a photonic platform and develop a general theoretical framework for interpreting the mode-coupling dynamics in nonlinear topological systems. Performed on laser-written photonic Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattices, our experiments show the nonlinear coupling of light into a nontrivial edge or interface defect channel that is otherwise not permissible due to topological protection. Our theory explains all the observations well. Furthermore, we introduce the concepts of inherited and emergent nonlinear topological phenomena as well as a protocol capable of revealing the interplay of nonlinearity and topology. These concepts are applicable to other nonlinear topological systems, both in higher dimensions and beyond our photonic platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Xia
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Dario Jukić
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Zagreb, A. Kačića Miošića 26, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nan Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
| | - Daria Smirnova
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Lev Smirnov
- Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Science, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
| | - Liqin Tang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi PR China
| | - Daohong Song
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi PR China
| | - Alexander Szameit
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 23, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Leykam
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34126 Republic of Korea
- Basic Science Program, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113 Republic of Korea
| | - Jingjun Xu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi PR China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006 Shanxi PR China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA
| | - Hrvoje Buljan
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics, TEDA Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457 China
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Zhao H, Tan Y, Zhang L, Zhang R, Shalaby M, Zhang C, Zhao Y, Zhang XC. Ultrafast hydrogen bond dynamics of liquid water revealed by terahertz-induced transient birefringence. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:136. [PMID: 32802323 PMCID: PMC7403349 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental properties of water molecules, such as their molecular polarizability, have not yet been clarified. The hydrogen bond network is generally considered to play an important role in the thermodynamic properties of water. The terahertz (THz) Kerr effect technique, as a novel tool, is expected to be useful in exploring the low-frequency molecular dynamics of liquid water. Here, we use an intense and ultrabroadband THz pulse (peak electric field strength of 14.9 MV/cm, centre frequency of 3.9 THz, and bandwidth of 1-10 THz) to resonantly excite intermolecular modes of liquid water. Bipolar THz field-induced transient birefringence signals are observed in a free-flowing water film. We propose a hydrogen bond harmonic oscillator model associated with the dielectric susceptibility and combine it with the Lorentz dynamic equation to investigate the intermolecular structure and dynamics of liquid water. We mainly decompose the bipolar signals into a positive signal caused by hydrogen bond stretching vibration and a negative signal caused by hydrogen bond bending vibration, indicating that the polarizability perturbation of water presents competing contributions under bending and stretching conditions. A Kerr coefficient equation related to the intermolecular modes of water is established. The ultrafast intermolecular hydrogen bond dynamics of water revealed by an ultrabroadband THz pump pulse can provide further insights into the transient structure of liquid water corresponding to the pertinent modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Yong Tan
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics (MoE), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055 China
| | - Mostafa Shalaby
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics (MoE), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Technology and Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics (MoE), Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048 China
| | - Yuejin Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Precision Optoelectronic Measurement Instrument and Technology, School of Optics and Photonics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Xi-Cheng Zhang
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Knez D, Hanninen AM, Prince RC, Potma EO, Fishman DA. Infrared chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption in silicon-based cameras. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:125. [PMID: 32704358 PMCID: PMC7371741 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00369-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chemical imaging based on mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopic contrast is an important technique with a myriad of applications, including biomedical imaging and environmental monitoring. Current MIR cameras, however, lack performance and are much less affordable than mature Si-based devices, which operate in the visible and near-infrared regions. Here, we demonstrate fast MIR chemical imaging through non-degenerate two-photon absorption (NTA) in a standard Si-based charge-coupled device (CCD). We show that wide-field MIR images can be obtained at 100 ms exposure times using picosecond pulse energies of only a few femtojoules per pixel through NTA directly on the CCD chip. Because this on-chip approach does not rely on phase matching, it is alignment-free and does not necessitate complex postprocessing of the images. We emphasize the utility of this technique through chemically selective MIR imaging of polymers and biological samples, including MIR videos of moving targets, physical processes and live nematodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Knez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Adam M. Hanninen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Richard C. Prince
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Eric O. Potma
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| | - Dmitry A. Fishman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Wang K, Bell BA, Solntsev AS, Neshev DN, Eggleton BJ, Sukhorukov AA. Multidimensional synthetic chiral-tube lattices via nonlinear frequency conversion. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:132. [PMID: 32704365 PMCID: PMC7371864 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Geometrical dimensionality plays a fundamentally important role in the topological effects arising in discrete lattices. Although direct experiments are limited by three spatial dimensions, the research topic of synthetic dimensions implemented by the frequency degree of freedom in photonics is rapidly advancing. The manipulation of light in these artificial lattices is typically realized through electro-optic modulation; yet, their operating bandwidth imposes practical constraints on the range of interactions between different frequency components. Here we propose and experimentally realize all-optical synthetic dimensions involving specially tailored simultaneous short- and long-range interactions between discrete spectral lines mediated by frequency conversion in a nonlinear waveguide. We realize triangular chiral-tube lattices in three-dimensional space and explore their four-dimensional generalization. We implement a synthetic gauge field with nonzero magnetic flux and observe the associated multidimensional dynamics of frequency combs, all within one physical spatial port. We anticipate that our method will provide a new means for the fundamental study of high-dimensional physics and act as an important step towards using topological effects in optical devices operating in the time and frequency domains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- Present Address: Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Bryn A. Bell
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
- Department of Physics, QOLS, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Alexander S. Solntsev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007 Australia
| | - Dragomir N. Neshev
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Eggleton
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Andrey A. Sukhorukov
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Paterova AV, Krivitsky LA. Nonlinear interference in crystal superlattices. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:82. [PMID: 32411367 PMCID: PMC7211232 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0320-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons hold promise to advance optical characterization and metrology techniques by improving their performance and affordability. These interferometers offer subshot noise phase sensitivity and enable measurements in detection-challenging regions using inexpensive and efficient components. The sensitivity of nonlinear interferometers, defined by the ability to measure small shifts of interference fringes, can be significantly enhanced by using multiple nonlinear elements, or crystal superlattices. However, to date, experiments with more than two nonlinear elements have not been realized, thus hindering the potential of nonlinear interferometers. Here, we build a nonlinear interferometer with up to five nonlinear elements, referred to as superlattices, in a highly stable and versatile configuration. We study the modification of the interference pattern for different configurations of the superlattices and perform a proof-of-concept gas sensing experiment with enhanced sensitivity. Our approach offers a viable path towards broader adoption of nonlinear interferometers with correlated photons for imaging, interferometry, and spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna V. Paterova
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leonid A. Krivitsky
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR), 138634 Singapore, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hoseini M, Sharifi S, Sazgarnia A. The Influence of Anionic, Cationic Surfactant and AOT/Water/Heptane Reverse Micelle on Photophysical Properties of Crocin: Compare with RPMI Effect. J Fluoresc 2020; 30:665-677. [PMID: 32338327 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-020-02525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Encapsulation of crocin (CN), having large nonlinear optical (NLO) properties, can be utilized in studies of photodynamic therapy (PDT). For this purpose, photo-physical and NLO properties of CN encapsulation with and without cell culture medium (CCM) were investigated. As well, nonlinear absorption (NLA) coefficient and nonlinear refractive (NLR) indices were found to be 10-7 (cm W-1) and 10-12 (cm2 W-1); respectively. The results revealed that NLO properties of CN had changed through its dipole moment. Reflecting on the theory of Bilot and Kawski, it was evidenced that the dipole moment of CN could change with a nano-droplet size. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that RPMI-1640 as a growth medium had failed to change NLO properties of CN encapsulated in nano-droplet. Accordingly, the encapsulated CN in nano-droplet in the form of a photosensitizer (PS) was suggested as a good candidate to examine PDT under in-vitro conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hoseini
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Soheil Sharifi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ameneh Sazgarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Metasurface saturable absorbers may result in versatile mode-locking that allows one to obtain stable ultrashort laser pulses with high repetition rates and peak powers, along with broadband operation, within fiber to solid-state laser cavities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Basudeb Sain
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Thomas Zentgraf
- Department of Physics, Paderborn University, 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Lapointe J, Bérubé JP, Ledemi Y, Dupont A, Fortin V, Messaddeq Y, Vallée R. Nonlinear increase, invisibility, and sign inversion of a localized fs-laser-induced refractive index change in crystals and glasses. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:64. [PMID: 32351688 PMCID: PMC7171118 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton absorption via ultrafast laser focusing is the only technology that allows a three-dimensional structural modification of transparent materials. However, the magnitude of the refractive index change is rather limited, preventing the technology from being a tool of choice for the manufacture of compact photonic integrated circuits. We propose to address this issue by employing a femtosecond-laser-induced electronic band-gap shift (FLIBGS), which has an exponential impact on the refractive index change for propagating wavelengths approaching the material electronic resonance, as predicted by the Kramers-Kronig relations. Supported by theoretical calculations, based on a modified Sellmeier equation, the Tauc law, and waveguide bend loss calculations, we experimentally show that several applications could take advantage of this phenomenon. First, we demonstrate waveguide bends down to a submillimeter radius, which is of great interest for higher-density integration of fs-laser-written quantum and photonic circuits. We also demonstrate that the refractive index contrast can be switched from negative to positive, allowing direct waveguide inscription in crystals. Finally, the effect of the FLIBGS can compensate for the fs-laser-induced negative refractive index change, resulting in a zero refractive index change at specific wavelengths, paving the way for new invisibility applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Lapointe
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Jean-Philippe Bérubé
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Yannick Ledemi
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Albert Dupont
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Vincent Fortin
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Younes Messaddeq
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| | - Réal Vallée
- Centre d’Optique, Photonique et Laser, 2375 Rue de la Terrasse, Université Laval, G1V 0A6 Québec, QC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jiang B, Hao Z, Ji Y, Hou Y, Yi R, Mao D, Gan X, Zhao J. High-efficiency second-order nonlinear processes in an optical microfibre assisted by few-layer GaSe. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:63. [PMID: 32337027 PMCID: PMC7165163 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0304-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The centrosymmetric nature of silica fibre precludes the realisation of second-order nonlinear processes in optical fibre systems. Recently, the integration of 2D materials with optical fibres has opened up a great opportunity to develop all-fibre active devices. Here, we demonstrate high-efficiency second-order nonlinear frequency conversions in an optical microfibre assisted with few-layer gallium selenide (GaSe) nanoflakes. Attributed to the strong evanescent field of the microfibre and ultrahigh second-order nonlinearity of the GaSe nanoflakes, second harmonic generation (SHG) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) are effectively achieved with only sub-milliwatt continuous-wave (CW) lasers in the wavelength range of 1500-1620 nm, covering the C and L telecom bands. The SHG intensity from the microfibre is enhanced by more than four orders of magnitude with the assistance of the GaSe nanoflakes on fibre nonlinear processes. Moreover, in the SFG process, the intensity transfer between different frequencies can be effectively manipulated by changing the wavelengths and powers of two pump lasers. The realised strong second-order nonlinearity in the GaSe-integrated microfibre might expand the applications of all-fibre devices in all-optical signal processing and new light source generation at awkward wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biqiang Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Zhen Hao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Yafei Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Yueguo Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Ruixuan Yi
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Dong Mao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Xuetao Gan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| | - Jianlin Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, School of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, 710129 China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zou J, Dong C, Wang H, Du T, Luo Z. Towards visible-wavelength passively mode-locked lasers in all-fibre format. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:61. [PMID: 32337025 PMCID: PMC7156699 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Mode-locked fibre lasers (MLFLs) are fundamental building blocks of many photonic systems used in industrial, scientific and biomedical applications. To date, 1-2 μm MLFLs have been well developed; however, passively mode-locked fibre lasers in the visible region (380-760 nm) have never been reported. Here, we address this challenge by demonstrating an all-fibre visible-wavelength passively mode-locked picosecond laser at 635 nm. The 635 nm mode-locked laser with an all-fibre figure-eight cavity uses a Pr/Yb codoped ZBLAN fibre as the visible gain medium and a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror as the mode-locking element. First, we theoretically predict and analyse the formation and evolution of 635 nm mode-locked pulses in the dissipative soliton resonance (DSR) regime by solving the Ginzburg-Landau equation. Then, we experimentally demonstrate the stable generation of 635 nm DSR mode-locked pulses with a pulse duration as short as ~96 ps, a radio-frequency signal-to-noise ratio of 67 dB and a narrow spectral bandwidth of <0.1 nm. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with our numerical simulations. In addition, we also observe 635 nm noise-like pulse operation with a wide (>1 nm) and modulated optical spectrum. This work represents an important step towards miniaturized ultrafast fibre lasers in the visible spectral region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhai Zou
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Chuchu Dong
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Tuanjie Du
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhengqian Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Kravtsov V, Khestanova E, Benimetskiy FA, Ivanova T, Samusev AK, Sinev IS, Pidgayko D, Mozharov AM, Mukhin IS, Lozhkin MS, Kapitonov YV, Brichkin AS, Kulakovskii VD, Shelykh IA, Tartakovskii AI, Walker PM, Skolnick MS, Krizhanovskii DN, Iorsh IV. Nonlinear polaritons in a monolayer semiconductor coupled to optical bound states in the continuum. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:56. [PMID: 32284858 PMCID: PMC7145813 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0286-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) provide a way to engineer very narrow resonances in photonic crystals. The extended interaction time in these systems is particularly promising for the enhancement of nonlinear optical processes and the development of the next generation of active optical devices. However, the achievable interaction strength is limited by the purely photonic character of optical BICs. Here, we mix the optical BIC in a photonic crystal slab with excitons in the atomically thin semiconductor MoSe2 to form nonlinear exciton-polaritons with a Rabi splitting of 27 meV, exhibiting large interaction-induced spectral blueshifts. The asymptotic BIC-like suppression of polariton radiation into the far field toward the BIC wavevector, in combination with effective reduction of the excitonic disorder through motional narrowing, results in small polariton linewidths below 3 meV. Together with a strongly wavevector-dependent Q-factor, this provides for the enhancement and control of polariton-polariton interactions and the resulting nonlinear optical effects, paving the way toward tuneable BIC-based polaritonic devices for sensing, lasing, and nonlinear optics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ivan S. Mukhin
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
- St. Petersburg Academic University, Saint Petersburg, 194021 Russia
| | - Maksim S. Lozhkin
- Saint Petersburg State University, ul. Ulyanovskaya 1, Saint Petersburg, 198504 Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kapitonov
- Saint Petersburg State University, ul. Ulyanovskaya 1, Saint Petersburg, 198504 Russia
| | | | | | - Ivan A. Shelykh
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
- Science Institute, University of Iceland, Dunhagi 3, IS-107, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Paul M. Walker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Maurice S. Skolnick
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | - Dmitry N. Krizhanovskii
- ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, 197101 Russia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
We reported titanium dioxide nanoparticles solution (TiO2 NPS) preparation by the sol-gel method. The produced NPS was employed as a liquid crystal to generate the second harmonic (SH) of one part of the pumping Nd: YAG laser at different pumping intensities. The remaining part of the pumping laser was focused on a stander nonlinear material (NPP63) to produce another SH pulse (to be used as a reference). Then the two SH pulses (one from TiO2 and one from NPP63) were used to calculate the nonlinear coefficient (β) of the synthesized TiO2 Nano solution. The suggested method represents a simple and inexpensive setup for calculation β by excluding the very expensive femtosecond laser used in previous studies. The results reveal that β for the prepared TiO2 nanoparticles is very large (5.3×10−26 esu).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rabea Q Nafil
- Applied Physics Branch, Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology, Iraq
| | - Munaf S Majeed
- AL-Nahrain Nanorenewable Energy Research Center, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zhu XL, Weng SM, Chen M, Sheng ZM, Zhang J. Efficient generation of relativistic near-single-cycle mid-infrared pulses in plasmas. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:46. [PMID: 32218917 PMCID: PMC7083853 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0282-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort intense optical pulses in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) region are very important for broad applications ranging from super-resolution spectroscopy to attosecond X-ray pulse generation and particle acceleration. However, currently, it is still difficult to produce few-cycle mid-IR pulses of relativistic intensities using standard optical techniques. Here, we propose and numerically demonstrate a novel scheme to produce these mid-IR pulses based on laser-driven plasma optical modulation. In this scheme, a plasma wake is first excited by an intense drive laser pulse in an underdense plasma, and a signal laser pulse initially at the same wavelength (1 micron) as that of the drive laser is subsequently injected into the plasma wake. The signal pulse is converted to a relativistic multi-millijoule near-single-cycle mid-IR pulse with a central wavelength of ~5 microns via frequency-downshifting, where the energy conversion efficiency is as high as approximately 30% when the drive and signal laser pulses are both at a few tens of millijoules at the beginning. Our scheme can be realized with terawatt-class kHz laser systems, which may bring new opportunities in high-field physics and ultrafast science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Long Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG UK
| | - Su-Ming Weng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Min Chen
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Ming Sheng
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- SUPA, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G4 0NG UK
- Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury, Cheshire, WA4 4AD UK
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, 200240 Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (MOE), School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 200240 Shanghai, China
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu X, Yi J, Li Q, Yang S, Bao W, Ropp C, Lan S, Wang Y, Zhang X. Nonlinear Optics at Excited States of Exciton Polaritons in Two-Dimensional Atomic Crystals. Nano Lett 2020; 20:1676-1685. [PMID: 31995388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exciton polaritons (EPs) are partial-light partial-matter quasiparticles in semiconductors demonstrating striking quantum phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation and single-photon nonlinearity. In these phenomena, the governing process is the EP relaxation into the ground states upon excitation, where various mechanisms are extensively investigated with thermodynamic limits. However, the relaxation process becomes drastically different and could significantly advance the understanding of EP dynamics for these quantum phenomena, when excited states of EPs are involved. Here, for the first time, we observe nonlinear optical responses at the EP excited states in a monolayer tungsten disulfide (WS2) microcavity, including dark excited states and dynamically metastable upper polariton bands. The nonlinear optics leads to unique emissions of ground states with prominent valley degree of freedom (DOF) via an anomalous relaxation process, which is applicable to a wide range of semiconductors from monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) to emerging halide perovskites. This work promises possible approaches to challenging experiments such as valley polariton condensation. Moreover, it also constructs a valley-dependent solid-state three-level system for terahertz photonics and stimulated Raman adiabatic passage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoze Liu
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- School of Physics and Technology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, PR China
| | - Jun Yi
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Quanwei Li
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Sui Yang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Wei Bao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Chad Ropp
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Shoufeng Lan
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Yuan Wang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Faculties of Sciences and Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jiang X, Yang L. Optothermal dynamics in whispering-gallery microresonators. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:24. [PMID: 32133127 PMCID: PMC7039911 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Optical whispering-gallery-mode microresonators with ultrahigh quality factors and small mode volumes have played an important role in modern physics. They have been demonstrated as a diverse platform for a wide range of applications in photonics, such as nonlinear optics, optomechanics, quantum optics, and information processing. Thermal behaviors induced by power build-up in the resonators or environmental perturbations are ubiquitous in high-quality-factor whispering-gallery-mode resonators and have played an important role in their operation for various applications. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of laser-field-induced thermal nonlinear effects, including thermal bistability and thermal oscillation. With the help of the thermal bistability effect, optothermal spectroscopy and optical nonreciprocity have been demonstrated. By tuning the temperature of the environment, the resonant mode frequency will shift, which can also be used for thermal sensing/tuning applications. The thermal locking technique and thermal imaging mechanisms are discussed briefly. Finally, we review some techniques employed to achieve thermal stability in a high-quality-factor resonator system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Jiang
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Electrical and System Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abegão LMG, Santos FA, Fonseca RD, Barreiros ALBS, Barreiros ML, Alves PB, Costa EV, Souza GB, Alencar MARC, Mendonça CR, Kamada K, De Boni L, Rodrigues JJ. Chalcone-based molecules: Experimental and theoretical studies on the two-photon absorption and molecular first hyperpolarizability. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 227:117772. [PMID: 31707018 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Five chalcone-based molecules denominated by C-3 ((E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenylprop-2-en-1-one), C-4 ((E)-1,3-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one), C-5 ((E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one), C-6 ((E)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)-1-phenylprop-2-en-1-one) and C-7 ((E)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3-(naphthalen-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) were synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt reaction in solution of NaOH in water/ethanol 2:1. The aldehydes used were benzaldehyde, anisaldehyde, and β-naphthaldehyde, while the used ketones were acetophenone, p-methoxyacetophenone, and 3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone. Z-scan and hyper-Rayleigh scattering techniques were used to study the nonlinear optical properties of these compounds in dichloromethane medium. By using Z-scan technique with femtosecond pulses, two-photon absorption cross-sections (σTPA) were determined, while the first molecular electronic hyperpolarizabilities (βHRS) were evaluated by the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique, with picosecond pulses. From the recorded two-photon absorption spectra, it was identified that compound C-7 presented the highest σTPA, regarding the HOMO-LUMO transition, with a value of 40 GM, while C-6 achieved the lowest value for the same transition with 13 GM. Concerning the values of the first molecular hyperpolarizability, compound C-4 presented the highest value, 38 × 10-30 cm4 statvolt-1, while C-3 presented the lowest βHRS value of about 16 × 10-30 cm4 statvolt-1. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations were used to simulate the one- and two-photon absorption spectra, as well to predict the theoretical value of βHRS in dichloromethane and vacuum medium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luis M G Abegão
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil; Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, School of Medicine, Yale University, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Francisco A Santos
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Fonseca
- Universidad Popular del Cesar, Departamento de Fisica, Barrio Sabana, 2000004 Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia; Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - André L B S Barreiros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Marizeth L Barreiros
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Péricles B Alves
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Emmanoel V Costa
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 69077-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Gabriella B Souza
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Márcio A R C Alencar
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Kenji Kamada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577, Japan
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, 13560-970 São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - José Joatan Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 49100-000 São Cristovão, SE, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Singh N, Raval M, Ruocco A, Watts MR. Broadband 200-nm second-harmonic generation in silicon in the telecom band. Light Sci Appl 2020; 9:17. [PMID: 32047626 PMCID: PMC7005310 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-0254-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Silicon is well known for its strong third-order optical nonlinearity, exhibiting efficient supercontinuum and four-wave mixing processes. A strong second-order effect that is naturally inhibited in silicon can also be observed, for example, by electrically breaking the inversion symmetry and quasi-phase matching the pump and the signal. To generate an efficient broadband second-harmonic signal, however, the most promising technique requires matching the group velocities of the pump and the signal. In this work, we utilize dispersion engineering of a silicon waveguide to achieve group velocity matching between the pump and the signal, along with an additional degree of freedom to broaden the second harmonic through the strong third-order nonlinearity. We demonstrate that the strong self-phase modulation and cross-phase modulation in silicon help broaden the second harmonic by 200 nm in the O-band. Furthermore, we show a waveguide design that can be used to generate a second-harmonic signal in the entire near-infrared region. Our work paves the way for various applications, such as efficient and broadband complementary-metal oxide semiconductor based on-chip frequency synthesizers, entangled photon pair generators, and optical parametric oscillators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neetesh Singh
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Manan Raval
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Alfonso Ruocco
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Michael R. Watts
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Sakata I, Nagano Y, Igarashi Y, Murata S, Mizoguchi K, Akai I, Okada M. Normal mode analysis of a relaxation process with Bayesian inference. Sci Technol Adv Mater 2020; 21:67-78. [PMID: 32128007 PMCID: PMC7033694 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2020.1713703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of relaxation processes are essential in many fields, including nonlinear optics. Relaxation processes provide many insights into atomic/molecular structures and the kinetics and mechanisms of chemical reactions. For the analysis of these processes, the extraction of modes that are specific to the phenomenon of interest (normal modes) is unavoidable. In this study we propose a framework to systematically extract normal modes from the viewpoint of model selection with Bayesian inference. Our approach consists of a well-known method called sparsity-promoting dynamic mode decomposition, which decomposes a mixture of damped oscillations, and the Bayesian model selection framework. We numerically verify the performance of our proposed method by using coherent phonon signals of a bismuth polycrystal and virtual data as typical examples of relaxation processes. Our method succeeds in extracting the normal modes even from experimental data with strong backgrounds. Moreover, the selected set of modes is robust to observation noise, and our method can estimate the level of observation noise. From these observations, our method is applicable to normal mode analysis, especially for data with strong backgrounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Itsushi Sakata
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nagano
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Igarashi
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shin Murata
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohji Mizoguchi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Akai
- Institute of Pulsed Power Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
- Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System, National Institute for Material Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Zhang R, Liu Y, Liu Q, Zhang Y, Ma X, Song Q, Feng H. Facile microfluidic fabrication of monodispersed self-coupling microcavity with fine tunability. Electrophoresis 2019; 41:1418-1424. [PMID: 31797398 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201900281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators have received extensive attention because of their nonlinear optical application in lasers and sensors. Optical microcavities are excellent candidates for constructing powerful microlasers and label-free biosensors, owing to their low optical losses and small size. However, most of these microcavity syntheses rely on sophisticated fabrication methods and cannot be manipulated easily. To achieve facile and versatile microcavity fabrication, we present a robust microfluidics method for monodispersed self-coupling optical microcavity fabrication with a fine tunability. The microcavity polydispersity was less than 3%. The optical microcavity size could be varied from 10 to 30 µm with a steady quality factor (Q) of approximately 1000. The lowest laser threshold that we obtained was 0.82 µJ with a microcavity size of 20 µm. The doped fluorescent dye concentration can be tuned precisely from 0.001 to 0.05 wt% to explore an optimized fluorescent background. The experimental results and theoretical simulation match well in terms of Q and the electrometric resonance field intensity. Compared with previous precise and practical fabrication methods, we have demonstrated a facile approach for versatile optical microcavity fabrication. This method can vary the microcavity materials, size, doped fluorescent dye concentration, WGM resonance spectrum, Q factor, and laser threshold easily to adapt to various circumstances and specific applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yilin Liu
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yueyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinghai Song
- Integrated Nanoscience Lab, School of Electric and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huanhuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,Flexible Printed Electronic Technology Center, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ren H, Shen L, Runge AFJ, Hawkins TW, Ballato J, Gibson U, Peacock AC. Low-loss silicon core fibre platform for mid-infrared nonlinear photonics. Light Sci Appl 2019; 8:105. [PMID: 31798844 PMCID: PMC6872570 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0217-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Broadband mid-infrared light sources are highly desired for wide-ranging applications that span free-space communications to spectroscopy. In recent years, silicon has attracted great interest as a platform for nonlinear optical wavelength conversion in this region, owing to its low losses (linear and nonlinear) and high stability. However, most research in this area has made use of small core waveguides fabricated from silicon-on-insulator platforms, which suffer from high absorption losses of the use of silica cladding, limiting their ability to generate light beyond 3 µm. Here, we design and demonstrate a compact silicon core, silica-clad waveguide platform that has low losses across the entire silicon transparency window. The waveguides are fabricated from a silicon core fibre that is tapered to engineer mode properties to ensure efficient nonlinear propagation in the core with minimal interaction of the mid-infrared light with the cladding. These waveguides exhibit many of the benefits of fibre platforms, such as a high coupling efficiency and power handling capability, allowing for the generation of mid-infrared supercontinuum spectra with high brightness and coherence spanning almost two octaves (1.6-5.3 µm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Ren
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| | - Li Shen
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430074 Wuhan, China
| | - Antoine F. J. Runge
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
- Present Address: The Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Thomas W. Hawkins
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - John Ballato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634 USA
| | - Ursula Gibson
- Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Applied Physics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna C. Peacock
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ UK
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
K M H, S Madan K, B C M, R N. Vibrational analysis and physical property studies of 6-Methoxy-2-[(E)-phenyliminomethyl]-phenol in the THz, IR and UV-visible spectral regions. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 222:117227. [PMID: 31181507 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bulk single crystals of 6-Methoxy-2-[(E)-phenyliminomethyl]phenol were grown after preparing the material by Schiff base condensation of ortho-vanillin alternatively called 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and aniline. The three dimensional molecular and crystal structure of the title compound is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. Molecules crystallized in the orthorhombic crystal system and noncentrosymmetric space group P212121. Geometry optimization, vibrational analysis, Calculation of HOMO-LUMO band gap and molecular hyperpolarizability of the proposed material have been carried out. Terahertz time domain spectroscopic studies have been performed and the refractive index and absorption coefficient of material is calculated in the THz regime. Molecular vibrations responsible for different THz phonon modes are identified with the help of density functional theory based calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hijas K M
- Intermetallic and nonlinear optics laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India
| | - Kumar S Madan
- DST-PURSE lab, Mangalore university, Mangalagangotri, 574199, India
| | - Manjunath B C
- Department of physics, Yuvaraja's college, University of Mysore, 570005, India
| | - Nagalakshmi R
- Intermetallic and nonlinear optics laboratory, Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli 620015, India.
| |
Collapse
|