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Zhang L, Li W, Shi B, Zhang X, Gong K. Expression profiles and functions of ferroptosis-related genes in intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation in mice. Front Genet 2022; 13:964458. [PMID: 36110200 PMCID: PMC9468614 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.964458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is a prominent pathological event that occurs during in-stent restenosis and atherosclerosis. Ferroptosis, characterized by iron-dependent and lipid peroxidation, has become the recent focus of studies on the occurrence and progress of cardiovascular diseases. However, there are few studies on ferroptosis and IH. Therefore, we aimed to identify and validate ferroptosis-related markers in IH to explore new possibilities for IH diagnosis and treatment. The IH microarray dataset (GSE182291) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were obtained from the FerrDb databases. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the GEO2R. Overlapping was performed to identify the ferroptosis-related DEGs among the DEGs and FRGs. Then, clustering, Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, and protein–protein interaction (PPI) analyses were performed. Subsequently, the hub genes were identified using Cytoscape and hub gene–transcription factors and hub gene–microRNA networks were constructed. Finally, real-time qPCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were used to verify the mRNA and protein levels of the hub FRGs in IH. Thirty-four FRGs showing significantly different expression were identified from a total of 1,197 DEGs 2 days after ligation; 31 FRGs were selected from a total of 1,556 DEGs 14 days after ligation. The GO and KEGG analyses revealed that these 34 ferroptosis-related DEGs identified 2 days after ligation were mainly enriched in the basolateral plasma membrane, ferroptosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, and IL-17 signaling pathways. The 31 ferroptosis-related DEGs in endometrial hyperplasia identified 14 days after ligation were mainly enriched in response to oxidative stress, ferroptosis, tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, and lipid and atherosclerosis. Five hub FRGs (Il1b, Ptgs2, Cybb, Cd44, and Tfrc) were identified using PPI networks; four hub FRGs (Il1b, Ptgs2, Cybb, and Cd44) were validated to be upregulated 2 and 14 days after ligation using RT-qPCR and show significantly different expression 14 days after ligation via IHC. Our findings verify the expression of hub DEGs related to ferroptosis in IH and elucidate the potential relationship between ferroptosis and IH, providing more evidence about the vital role of ferroptosis in IH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Bo Shi
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoqing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Kaizheng Gong,
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2
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Zhang L, Gu J, Wang S, He F, Gong K. Identification of key differential genes in intimal hyperplasia induced by left carotid artery ligation. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13436. [PMID: 35586138 PMCID: PMC9109685 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intimal hyperplasia is a common pathological process of restenosis following angioplasty, atherosclerosis, pulmonary hypertension, vein graft stenosis, and other proliferative diseases. This study aims to screen for potential novel gene targets and mechanisms related to vascular intimal hyperplasia through an integrated microarray analysis of the Gene Expression Omnibus Database (GEO) database. Material and Methods The gene expression profile of the GSE56143 dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and the transcription factor (TF)-target gene regulatory network were used to reveal the biological functions of differential genes (DEGs). Furthermore, the expression levels of the top 10 key DEGs were verified at the mRNA and protein level in the carotid artery 7 days after ligation. Results A total of 373 DEGs (199 upregulated DEGs and 174 downregulated DEGs) were screened. These DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes, including immune system process, cell adhesion, and several pathways, which were mainly associated with cell adhesion molecules and the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. The top 10 key DEGs (Ptprc, Fn1, Tyrobp, Emr1, Itgb2, Itgax, CD44, Ctss, Ly86, and Aif1) acted as key genes in the PPI network. The verification of these key DEGs at the mRNA and protein levels was consistent with the results of the above-mentioned bioinformatics analysis. Conclusion The present study identified key genes and pathways involved in intimal hyperplasia induced by carotid artery ligation. These results improved our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of intimal hyperplasia and provided candidate targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianjun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Sichuan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fuming He
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kaizheng Gong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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3
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Just J, Lykkemark S, Nielsen CH, Roshenas AR, Drasbek KR, Petersen SV, Bek T, Kristensen P. Pericyte modulation by a functional antibody obtained by a novel single-cell selection strategy. Microcirculation 2017; 24. [DOI: 10.1111/micc.12365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research (SDC); Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Charlotte H. Nielsen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Ali R. Roshenas
- Department of Engineering; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | - Kim R. Drasbek
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
| | | | - Toke Bek
- Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus C Denmark
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Steffensen LB, Conover CA, Bjørklund MM, Ledet T, Bentzon JF, Oxvig C. Stanniocalcin-2 overexpression reduces atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic mice. Atherosclerosis 2016; 248:36-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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5
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Gabusi E, Paolella F, Manferdini C, Gambari L, Schiavinato A, Lisignoli G. Age-independent effects of hyaluronan amide derivative and growth hormone on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes. Connect Tissue Res 2015; 56:440-51. [PMID: 26075645 DOI: 10.3109/03008207.2015.1047928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Increased age is the most prominent risk factor for the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The effects of human growth hormone (hGH) combined or not with hyaluronan amide derivative (HAD) were evaluated on human OA chondrocytes, to define their biological action and potentiality in OA treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cell viability, metabolic activity, gene expression and factors released were tested at different time points on chondrocytes treated with different concentrations of hGH (0.01-10 μg/ml) alone or in combination with HAD (1 mg/ml). RESULTS We found that OA chondrocytes express GH receptor and that the different doses of hGH tested did not affect cell viability, metabolic activity or the expression of collagen type 2, 1, or 10 nor did it induce the release of IGF-1 or FGF-2. Conversely, hGH treatment increased the expression of hyaluronan receptor CD44. HAD combined with hGH reduced metabolic activity, IL6 release and gene expression, but not the suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), which was significantly induced and translocated into the nucleus. The parameters analyzed, independently of the treatments used proportionally decreased with increasing age of the patients. CONCLUSIONS hGH only induced CD44 receptor on OA chondrocytes but did not affect other parameters, such as chondrocytic gene markers or IGF-1 or FGF-2 release. HAD reduced all the effects induced by hGH partially through a significant induction of SOCS2. These data show that GH or HAD treatment does not influence the response of the OA chondrocytes, thus the modulation of cellular response is age-independent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gabusi
- a Laboratorio RAMSES , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy
| | | | - Cristina Manferdini
- a Laboratorio RAMSES , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy .,b SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy , and
| | - Laura Gambari
- b SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy , and
| | | | - Gina Lisignoli
- a Laboratorio RAMSES , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy .,b SC Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale , Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli , Bologna , Italy , and
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Mandrup OA, Friis NA, Lykkemark S, Just J, Kristensen P. A novel heavy domain antibody library with functionally optimized complementarity determining regions. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76834. [PMID: 24116173 PMCID: PMC3792991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Today a number of synthetic antibody libraries of different formats have been created and used for the selection of a large number of recombinant antibodies. One of the determining factors for successful isolation of recombinant antibodies from libraries lies in the quality of the libraries i.e. the number of correctly folded, functional antibodies contained in the library. Here, we describe the construction of a novel, high quality, synthetic single domain antibody library dubbed Predator. The library is based on the HEL4 domain antibody with the addition of recently reported mutations concerning the amino acid composition at positions critical for the folding characteristics and aggregation propensities of domain antibodies. As a unique feature, the CDR3 of the library was designed to mimic the natural human immune response by designating amino acids known to be prevalent in functional antibodies to the diversity in CDR3. CDR randomizations were performed using trinucleotide synthesis to avoid the presence of stop codons. Furthermore a novel cycle free elongation method was used for the conversion of the synthesized single stranded DNA containing the randomized CDRs into double stranded DNA of the library. In addition a modular approach has been adopted for the scaffold in which each CDR region is flanked by unique restrictions sites, allowing easy affinity maturation of selected clones by CDR shuffling. To validate the quality of the library, one round phage display selections were performed on purified antigens and highly complex antigen mixtures such as cultured eukaryotic cells resulting in several specific binders. The further characterization of some of the selected clones, however, indicates a reduction in thermodynamic stability caused by the inclusion the additional mutations to the HEL4 scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Niels Anton Friis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simon Lykkemark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Centre for Education and Research, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jesper Just
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Kristensen
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Fogelstrand P, Borén J. Treatment of hyaluronan accumulation ameliorates high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance in mice. Diabetes 2013; 62:1816-7. [PMID: 23704523 PMCID: PMC3661634 DOI: 10.2337/db13-0261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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8
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Jin MH, Yokoyama U, Sato Y, Shioda A, Jiao Q, Ishikawa Y, Minamisawa S. DNA microarray profiling identified a new role of growth hormone in vascular remodeling of rat ductus arteriosus. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:167-79. [PMID: 21287305 PMCID: PMC10717642 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-011-0133-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ductus arteriosus (DA), a fetal arterial connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, has a character distinct from the adjacent arteries. We compared the transcriptional profiles of the DA and the aorta of Wistar rat fetuses on embryonic day 19 (preterm) and day 21 (near-term) using DNA microarray analyses. We found that 39 genes were expressed 2.5-fold greater in the DA than in the aorta. Growth hormone (GH) receptor (GHR) exhibited the most significant difference in expression. Then, we found that GH significantly promoted migration of DA smooth muscle cells (SMCs), thus enhancing the intimal cushion formation of the DA explants. GH also regulated the expression of cytoskeletal genes in DA SMCs, which may retain a synthetic phenotype in the smooth muscle-specific cytoskeletal genes. Thus, the present study revealed that GH-GHR signal played a role in the vascular remodeling of the DA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/embryology
- Aorta/metabolism
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/metabolism
- Cell Growth Processes/physiology
- Cell Movement/physiology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytoskeleton/genetics
- Ductus Arteriosus/embryology
- Ductus Arteriosus/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/embryology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Fetus/metabolism
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/embryology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis/methods
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hua Jin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Utako Yokoyama
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Yoji Sato
- Division of Cellular and Gene Therapy Products, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8501 Japan
| | - Aki Shioda
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Qibin Jiao
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ishikawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
| | - Susumu Minamisawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yokohama City University, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004 Japan
- Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Waseda University Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, 2-2 Wakamatsucho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480 Japan
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9
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Zhao G, Shaik RS, Zhao H, Beagle J, Kuo S, Hales CA. Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin inhibits injury-induced femoral artery remodeling in mouse via upregulating CD44 expression. J Vasc Surg 2011; 53:1359-1367.e3. [PMID: 21276692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2010] [Revised: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 11/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The mechanism of postangioplasty restenosis remains poorly understood. Low molecular weight (LMW) heparin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which is the principal characteristic of restenosis. Studies have shown that LMW heparin could bind to CD44. We hypothesized that LMW heparin might modulate CD44 expression thereby decreasing vascular remodeling. METHODS Vascular remodeling was induced in CD44(+/+) and CD44(-/-) mice and treated with LMW heparin. The arteries were harvested for histologic assessment and determination of CD44 expression. Bone marrow transplantation was introduced to further explore the role and functional sites of CD44. Effects of LMW heparin on growth capacity, CD44 expression were further studied using the cultured mouse VSMCs. RESULTS Transluminal injury induced remarkable remodeling in mouse femoral artery (sham wall thickness percentage [WT%]: 3.4 ± 1.2% vs injury WT%: 31.8 ± 4.7%; P < .001). LMW heparin reduced the remodeling significantly (WT%: 17.8 ± 3.5%, P < .005). CD44(-/-) mice demonstrated considerably thicker arterial wall remodeling (WT%: 46.2 ± 7.6%, P = .0035), and CD44-chimeric mice exhibited equal contributions of the local and circulating CD44 signal to the neointima formation. LMW heparin markedly upregulated CD44 expression in the injured femoral arteries. In vitro, LMW heparin decreased mouse VSMC growth capacity and upregulated its CD44 expression simultaneously in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, which could be partially blocked by CD44 inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS LMW heparin inhibits injury-induced femoral artery remodeling, at least partially, by upregulating CD44 expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Femoral Artery/drug effects
- Femoral Artery/immunology
- Femoral Artery/injuries
- Femoral Artery/pathology
- Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight/pharmacology
- Hyaluronan Receptors/genetics
- Hyaluronan Receptors/metabolism
- Hyperplasia
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/injuries
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Time Factors
- Tunica Intima/drug effects
- Tunica Intima/immunology
- Tunica Intima/injuries
- Tunica Intima/pathology
- Up-Regulation
- Vascular System Injuries/drug therapy
- Vascular System Injuries/genetics
- Vascular System Injuries/immunology
- Vascular System Injuries/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Zhao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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10
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Rodriguez Hurtado I, Stewart A, Wolfe D, Caldwell F, Harrie M, Whitley E. Immunolocalization of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 in the reproductive tract of the mare. Theriogenology 2011; 75:276-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of accelerated atherosclerosis in the diabetic heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 331:89-116. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-009-0148-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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12
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Genes and networks expressed in perioperative omental adipose tissue are correlated with weight loss from Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Int J Obes (Lond) 2008; 32:1395-406. [PMID: 18645576 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2008.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Gastric bypass surgery is the most commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure in the United States. Variable weight loss following this relatively standardized intervention has been reported. To date, a method for reliable profiling of patients who will successfully sustain weight loss for the long term has not been established. In addition, the mechanisms of action in accomplishing major weight loss as well as the explanation for the variable weight loss have not been established. OBJECTIVE To examine whether gene expression in perioperative omental adipose is associated with gastric bypass-induced weight loss. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of gene expression in perisurgical omental adipose tissues taken/available at the time of operation and total excess weight loss (EWL). SUBJECTS Fifteen overweight individuals who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery at the University of California Davis Medical Center (BMI: 40.6-72.8 kg/m(2)). MEASUREMENTS Body weight before and following weight stabilization 18-42 months after surgery. Perioperative omental adipose RNA isolated from 15 subjects was hybridized to Affymetrix HG-U133A chips for 22,283 transcript expression measurements. RESULTS Downstream analysis identified a set of genes whose expression was significantly correlated with RYGB-induced weight loss. The significant individual genes include acyl-coenzyme A oxidase 1 (ACOX1), phosphodiesterase 3A cGMP-inhibited (PDE3A) and protein kinase, AMP-activated, beta 1 non-catalytic subunit (PRKAB1). Specifically, ACOX1 plays a role in fatty acid metabolism. PDE3A is involved in purine metabolism and hormone-stimulated lipolysis. PRKAB1 is involved in adipocytokine signaling pathway. Gene network analysis revealed that pathways for glycerolipid metabolism, breast cancer and apoptosis were significantly correlated with long-term weight loss. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RNA expression profiles from perioperative adipose tissue are associated with weight loss outcome following RYGB surgery. Our data suggest that EWL could be predicted from preoperative samples, which would allow for informed decisions about whether or not to proceed to surgery.
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Tabata T, Mine S, Okada Y, Tanaka Y. Low molecular weight hyaluronan increases the Uptaking of oxidized LDL into monocytes. Endocr J 2007; 54:685-93. [PMID: 17785920 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k05-120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Since accumulation and interaction of immune cells including T cells and monocytes/macrophages are involved in the processes of atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis is currently understood as an inflammatory disorder. Entrapment of extracellular matrices components such as hyaluronan by monocytes and macrophages, as well as uptake of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) by these cells, plays a central role in foam cell formation and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We investigated the role of CD44, the principal receptor for hyaluronic acid, and ox-LDL in scavenger receptor expression on resting monocytes prepared by counterflow centrifugal elutriation from the endothelium. Our results showed that the low-molecular weight (6.9 kDa) form of hyaluronan increased the expression of CD36 scavenger receptor; the incorporation of (125) I-labeled ox-LDL, and the transendothelial migration of monocytes, which were mediated at least in part via tyrosine kinase and the PKC pathway. Our results imply that low molecular weight hyaluronan produced in large amounts in atherosclerotic lesions induces differentiation of circulating monocytes to macrophages/foam cells and enhances the progression of atherosclerosis via the PKC pathway. Furthermore, low molecular weight hyaluronan also amplifies the migration of monocytes into inflamed atherosclerotic plaques. Thus, we propose that engagement of CD44 with low molecular weight hyaluronan is centrally involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis of athelosclerotic plaques through migration of monocytes and foamed macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tabata
- The First Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Japan
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Abstract
Atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with diabetes and those with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Both conditions profoundly accelerate the development of atherosclerosis and increase the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular events. The question, therefore, is what are the molecular/biochemical mechanisms that underlie the potentiating influence of diabetes, the metabolic syndrome and/or insulin resistance on the development and progression of atherosclerosis? The following review will focus on the molecular mechanism whereby hyperglycaemia and/or hyperinsulinemia either directly or indirectly promote atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E-B Reusch
- Research Service of Department of Veterans Affairs, and Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, CO, USA
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15
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Mine S, Okada Y, Kawahara C, Tabata T, Tanaka Y. Serum hyaluronan concentration as a marker of angiopathy in patients with diabetes mellitus. Endocr J 2006; 53:761-6. [PMID: 16966827 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.k05-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of hyaluronan (HA) around smooth muscle cells in lesions of atherosclerosis in diabetic patients suggests that this protein plays an important role in diabetic angiopathy. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between serum HA concentrations and diabetic angiopathy. Diabetic patients treated with or without an oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin for at least 1 year were recruited (n = 95). We also included 20 non-diabetic control subjects. We measured serum levels of HA, body mass index (BMI), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), HbA1c, total cholesterol, triglyceride, glycated albumin (GA), high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 and evaluated diabetes mellitus history, drug use and presence of related complications. Serum HA levels were significantly (P<0.05) higher in diabetic patients (83.6 +/- 5.6 ng/ml, mean +/- SEM) than in normal subjects (41.7 +/- 12 ng/ml). In diabetic patients, serum HA concentration significantly correlated with FPG, HbA1c, GA, triglyceride and also significantly correlated with BMI, hs-CRP and MCP-1 and tended to be higher in diabetic patients with complications than in those without such complications. Our data suggest that serum HA level correlates with poor blood glucose control and diabetic angiopathy and that it could be used as a marker of diabetic angiopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichiro Mine
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mitsubishi Chemical Hospital, Kitakyushu, Japan
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16
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Olesen P, Nguyen K, Wogensen L, Ledet T, Rasmussen LM. Calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells: associations with osteoprotegerin expression and acceleration by high-dose insulin. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 292:H1058-64. [PMID: 17056676 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00047.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arterial medial calcifications occur often in diabetic individuals as part of the diabetic macroangiopathy. The pathogenesis is unknown, but the presence of calcifications predicts risk of cardiovascular events. We examined the effects of insulin on calcifying smooth muscle cells in vitro and measured the expression of the bone-related molecule osteoprotegerin (OPG). Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) were grown from aorta from kidney donors. Induction of calcification was performed with beta-glycerophosphate. The influence of insulin (200 microU/ml or 1,000 microU/ml) on calcification was judged by measuring calcium content in the cell layer and by von Kossa staining. OPG was measured in the medium by ELISA. Histochemistry was used for determination of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Bone sialoprotein (BSP) and OPG mRNA expressions were done by RT-PCR. beta-Glycerophosphate was able to induce calcification in human smooth muscle cells from a series of donors after variable time in culture. Decreased OPG amounts were observed from the cells during the accelerated calcification phase. High dose of insulin (1,000 microU/ml) accelerated the calcification, whereas lower concentrations (200 microU/ml) did not. Calcified cells expressed ALP and BSP activity in high levels. In conclusion, high concentration of insulin enhances in vitro-induced calcification in VSMCs. Altered OPG levels during the calcification raise the possibility that OPG may have a potent function in regulating the calcification process or it may represent a consequence of mineralization. Effects of insulin and modulations by OPG on the calcification process in arterial cells may play a role in the development of calcifications as part of the diabetic macroangiopathy.
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MESH Headings
- Alkaline Phosphatase/metabolism
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/metabolism
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Calcinosis/metabolism
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Diabetic Angiopathies/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Glycerophosphates/pharmacology
- Humans
- Insulin/metabolism
- Insulin/pharmacology
- Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Osteoprotegerin/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sialoglycoproteins/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Olesen
- Research Laboratory for Biochemical Pathology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
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