1
|
Presby DM, Rudolph MC, Sherk VD, Jackman MR, Foright RM, Jones KL, Houck JA, Johnson GC, Higgins JA, Neufer PD, Eckel RH, MacLean PS. Lipoprotein Lipase Overexpression in Skeletal Muscle Attenuates Weight Regain by Potentiating Energy Expenditure. Diabetes 2021; 70:867-877. [PMID: 33536195 PMCID: PMC7980196 DOI: 10.2337/db20-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Moderate weight loss improves numerous risk factors for cardiometabolic disease; however, long-term weight loss maintenance (WLM) is often thwarted by metabolic adaptations that suppress energy expenditure and facilitate weight regain. Skeletal muscle has a prominent role in energy homeostasis; therefore, we investigated the effect of WLM and weight regain on skeletal muscle in rodents. In skeletal muscle of obesity-prone rats, WLM reduced fat oxidative capacity and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism. Interestingly, even after weight was regained, genes involved in fat metabolism were also reduced. We then subjected mice with skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase overexpression (mCK-hLPL), which augments fat metabolism, to WLM and weight regain and found that mCK-hLPL attenuates weight regain by potentiating energy expenditure. Irrespective of genotype, weight regain suppressed dietary fat oxidation and downregulated genes involved in fat metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, mCK-hLPL mice oxidized more fat throughout weight regain and had greater expression of genes involved in fat metabolism and lower expression of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism during WLM and regain. In summary, these results suggest that skeletal muscle fat oxidation is reduced during WLM and regain, and therapies that improve skeletal muscle fat metabolism may attenuate rapid weight regain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David M Presby
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Vanessa D Sherk
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Matthew R Jackman
- Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rebecca M Foright
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Julie A Houck
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Ginger C Johnson
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Janine A Higgins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - P Darrell Neufer
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute and the Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC
| | - Robert H Eckel
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Paul S MacLean
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jia J, Qin J, Yuan X, Liao Z, Huang J, Wang B, Sun C, Li W. Microarray and metabolome analysis of hepatic response to fasting and subsequent refeeding in zebrafish (Danio rerio). BMC Genomics 2019; 20:919. [PMID: 31791229 PMCID: PMC6889435 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-6309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Compensatory growth refers to the phenomenon in which organisms grow faster after the improvement of an adverse environment and is thought to be an adaptive evolution to cope with the alleviation of the hostile environment. Many fish have the capacity for compensatory growth, but the underlying cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In the present study, microarray and nontargeted metabolomics were performed to characterize the transcriptome and metabolome of zebrafish liver during compensatory growth. Results Zebrafish could regain the weight they lost during 3 weeks of fasting and reach a final weight similar to that of fish fed ad libitum when refed for 15 days. When refeeding for 3 days, the liver displayed hyperplasia accompanied with decreased triglyceride contents and increased glycogen contents. The microarray results showed that when food was resupplied for 3 days, the liver TCA cycle (Tricarboxylic acid cycle) and oxidative phosphorylation processes were upregulated, while DNA replication and repair, as well as proteasome assembly were also activated. Integration of transcriptome and metabolome data highlighted transcriptionally driven alterations in metabolism during compensatory growth, such as altered glycolysis and lipid metabolism activities. The metabolome data also implied the participation of amino acid metabolism during compensatory growth in zebrafish liver. Conclusion Our study provides a global resource for metabolic adaptations and their transcriptional regulation during refeeding in zebrafish liver. This study represents a first step towards understanding of the impact of metabolism on compensatory growth and will potentially aid in understanding the molecular mechanism associated with compensatory growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jirong Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jingkai Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Xi Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zongzhen Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jinfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.,Present address: Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Caiyun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Wensheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Healthy Breeding of Important Economic Fish, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, No.135 Xingang West Road, Guangzhou, 510275, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Calonne J, Arsenijevic D, Scerri I, Miles-Chan JL, Montani JP, Dulloo AG. Low 24-hour core body temperature as a thrifty metabolic trait driving catch-up fat during weight regain after caloric restriction. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 317:E699-E709. [PMID: 31430205 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00092.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The recovery of body weight after substantial weight loss or growth retardation is often characterized by a disproportionately higher rate of fat mass vs. lean mass recovery, with this phenomenon of "preferential catch-up fat" being contributed by energy conservation (thrifty) metabolism. To test the hypothesis that a low core body temperature (Tc) constitutes a thrifty metabolic trait underlying the high metabolic efficiency driving catch-up fat, the Anipill system, with telemetry capsules implanted in the peritoneal cavity, was used for continuous monitoring of Tc for several weeks in a validated rat model of semistarvation-refeeding in which catch-up fat is driven solely by suppressed thermogenesis. In animals housed at 22°C, 24-h Tc was reduced in response to semistarvation (-0.77°C, P < 0.001) and remained significantly lower than in control animals during the catch-up fat phase of refeeding (-0.27°C on average, P < 0.001), the lower Tc during refeeding being more pronounced during the light phase than during the dark phase of the 24-h cycle (-0.30°C vs. -0.23°C, P < 0.01) and with no between-group differences in locomotor activity. A lower 24-h Tc in animals showing catch-up fat was also observed when the housing temperature was raised to 29°C (i.e., at thermoneutrality). The reduced energy cost of homeothermy in response to caloric restriction persists during weight recovery and constitutes a thrifty metabolic trait that contributes to the high metabolic efficiency that underlies the rapid restoration of the body's fat stores during weight regain, with implications for obesity relapse after therapeutic slimming and the pathophysiology of catch-up growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Calonne
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Denis Arsenijevic
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle Scerri
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer L Miles-Chan
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Pierre Montani
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Cardiovascular System, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crescenzo R, Cigliano L, Mazzoli A, Cancelliere R, Carotenuto R, Tussellino M, Liverini G, Iossa S. Early Effects of a Low Fat, Fructose-Rich Diet on Liver Metabolism, Insulin Signaling, and Oxidative Stress in Young and Adult Rats. Front Physiol 2018; 9:411. [PMID: 29755364 PMCID: PMC5932594 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increase in the use of refined food, which is rich in fructose, is of particular concern in children and adolescents, since the total caloric intake and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome are increasing continuously in these populations. Nevertheless, the effects of high fructose diet have been mostly investigated in adults, by focusing on the effect of a long-term fructose intake. Notably, some reports evidenced that even short-term fructose intake exerts detrimental effects on metabolism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the metabolic changes induced by the fructose-rich diet in rats of different age, i.e., young (30 days old) and adult (90 days old) rats. The fructose-rich diet increased whole body lipid content in adult, but not in young rats. The analysis of liver markers of inflammation suggests that different mechanisms depending on the age might be activated after the fructose-rich diet. In fact, a pro-inflammatory gene-expression analysis showed just a minor activation of macrophages in young rats compared to adult rats, while other markers of low-grade metabolic inflammation (TNF-alpha, myeloperoxidase, lipocalin, haptoglobin) significantly increased. Inflammation was associated with oxidative damage to hepatic lipids in young and adult rats, while increased levels of hepatic nitrotyrosine and ceramides were detected only in young rats. Interestingly, fructose-induced hepatic insulin resistance was evident in young but not in adult rats, while whole body insulin sensitivity decreased both in fructose-fed young and adult rats. Taken together, the present data indicate that young rats do not increase their body lipids but are exposed to metabolic perturbations, such as hepatic insulin resistance and hepatic oxidative stress, in line with the finding that increased fructose intake may be an important predictor of metabolic risk in young people, independently of weight status. These results indicate the need of corrective nutritional interventions for young people and adults as well for the prevention of fructose-induced metabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Carotenuto
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Cancelliere R, Bucci A, Naclerio G, Baccigalupi L, Cutting S, Ricca E, Iossa S. Beneficial effects of carotenoid-producing cells of Bacillus indicus HU16 in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:823-831. [DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A well-established rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome was used to evaluate the effects of the oral administration of spores or cells of HU16, a carotenoid-producing strain of Bacillus indicus. Symptoms of metabolic syndrome were induced in 90-days old, male Sprague-Dawley rats maintained for eight weeks on a high-fat diet, as previously reported. Parallel groups of animals under the same diet regimen also received a daily dose of 1×1010 cells or spores of B. indicus HU16. Cells of strain HU16 were able to reduce symptoms of metabolic syndrome, plasma markers of inflammation and oxidative markers in plasma and liver to levels similar to those observed in rats under a standard diet. HU16 cells did not affect obesity markers or the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver of treated animals. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis analysis showed that the oral administration of HU16 cells did not significantly affect the gut microbiota of high fat-fed rats, suggesting that the observed beneficial effects are not due to a reshaping of the gut microbiota but rather to metabolites produced by HU16 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Crescenzo
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - R. Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - A. Bucci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - G. Naclerio
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, Contrada Fonte Lappone, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - L. Baccigalupi
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - S.M. Cutting
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Bourne Laboratories 4-26, Egham, Surrey TW20 OEX, United Kingdom
| | - E. Ricca
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| | - S. Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University, Via Cintia, 80126 Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Di Luccia B, Bianco F, Cancelliere R, Cigliano L, Liverini G, Baccigalupi L, Iossa S. Dietary fructose causes defective insulin signalling and ceramide accumulation in the liver that can be reversed by gut microbiota modulation. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331657. [PMID: 28659742 PMCID: PMC5475320 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The link between metabolic derangement of the gut-2013liver-visceral white adipose tissue (v-WAT) axis and gut microbiota was investigated. Methods: Rats were fed a fructose-rich diet and treated with an antibiotic mix. Inflammation was measured in portal plasma, ileum, liver, and v-WAT, while insulin signalling was analysed by measuring levels of phosphorylated kinase Akt. The function and oxidative status of hepatic mitochondria and caecal microbiota composition were also evaluated. Results: Ileal inflammation, increase in plasma transaminases, plasma peroxidised lipids, portal concentrations of tumour necrosis factor alpha, lipopolysaccharide, and non-esterified fatty acids, were induced by fructose and were reversed by antibiotic. The increased hepatic ceramide content, inflammation and decreased insulin signaling in liver and v-WAT induced by fructose was reversed by antibiotic. Antibiotic also blunted the increase in hepatic mitochondrial efficiency and oxidative damage of rats fed fructose-rich diet. Three genera, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus, and Clostridium, significantly increased, while the Clostridiaceae family significantly decreased in rats fed a fructose-rich diet, and antibiotic abolished these variations Conclusions: When gut microbiota modulation by fructose is prevented by antibiotic, inflammatory flow from the gut to the liver and v-WAT are reversed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Blanda Di Luccia
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Luisa Cigliano
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Crescenzo R, Mazzoli A, Cancelliere R, Bianco F, Giacco A, Liverini G, Dulloo AG, Iossa S. Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Stimulate De novo Lipogenesis and Improve Glucose Homeostasis during Refeeding with High Fat Diet. Front Physiol 2017; 8:178. [PMID: 28386235 PMCID: PMC5362646 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The recovery of body weight after a period of caloric restriction is accompanied by an enhanced efficiency of fat deposition and hyperinsulinemia—which are exacerbated by isocaloric refeeding on a high fat diet rich in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids (SFA-MUFA), and poor in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and associated with a blunting of de novo lipogenesis in adipose tissue and liver. As high fat diets rich in PUFA have been shown to limit the excess fat deposition and improve glucose homeostasis, we investigated here the extent to which de novo lipogenesis in liver and adipose tissues (white and brown), as well as hepatic oxidative stress, are influenced by refeeding on diets rich in PUFA. Design: In rats calorically restricted for 14 days and refed for 14 days on isocaloric amounts of a high fat diet rich in lard (i.e., high SFA-MUFA) or in safflower and linseed oils (rich in PUFA), we investigated energy balance, body composition, glycemic profile, and the regulation of fatty acid synthase (rate-limiting enzyme of de novo lipogenesis) in liver, white and brown adipose tissue. We also evaluated oxidative stress in liver and skeletal muscle and markers of hepatic inflammation. Results: Rats refed the PUFA diet gained less lipids and more proteins compared to rats refed SFA-MUFA diet and showed lower amount of visceral and epididymal white adipose tissue, but increased depots of interscapular brown adipose tissue, with higher expression of the uncoupling protein 1. A significant increase in non-protein respiratory quotient and carbohydrate utilization was found in rats refed PUFA diet. Rats refed PUFA diet showed improved glucose homeostasis, as well as lower triglycerides and cholesterol levels. Fatty acid synthase activity was significantly higher in liver, white and brown adipose tissue, while lipid peroxidation and the degree of inflammation in the liver were significantly lower, in rats refed PUFA diet. Conclusions: When considering the composition of high fat diets for nutritional rehabilitation, the inclusion of PUFA could be useful for improving protein deposition and maintaining glucose homeostasis, while limiting lipid storage in adipose tissue and oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Mazzoli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Cancelliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Bianco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Antonia Giacco
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Liverini
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| | - Abdul G Dulloo
- Division of Physiology, Department of Medicine, University of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Iossa
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Linden MA, Fletcher JA, Meers GM, Thyfault JP, Laughlin MH, Rector RS. A return to ad libitum feeding following caloric restriction promotes hepatic steatosis in hyperphagic OLETF rats. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311:G387-95. [PMID: 27445343 PMCID: PMC5076013 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00089.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hyperphagic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats develop obesity, insulin resistance, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but lifestyle modifications, such as caloric restriction (CR), can prevent these conditions. We sought to determine if prior CR had protective effects on metabolic health and NAFLD development following a 4-wk return to ad libitum (AL) feeding. Four-week-old male OLETF rats (n = 8-10/group) were fed AL for 16 wk (O-AL), CR for 16 wk (O-CR; ∼70% kcal of O-AL), or CR for 12 wk followed by 4 wk of AL feeding (O-AL4wk). CR-induced benefit in prevention of NAFLD, including reduced hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and markers of Kupffer cell activation/number, was largely lost in AL4wk rats. These findings occurred in conjunction with a partial loss of CR-induced beneficial effects on obesity and serum triglycerides in O-AL4wk rats, but in the absence of changes in serum glucose or insulin. CR-induced increases in hepatic mitochondrial respiration remained significantly elevated (P < 0.01) in O-AL4wk compared with O-AL rats, while mitochondrial [1-(14)C]palmitate oxidation, citrate synthase activity, and β-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity did not differ among OLETF groups. NAFLD development in O-AL4wk rats was accompanied by increases in the protein content of the de novo lipogenesis markers fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 and decreases in phosphorylated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (pACC)/ACC compared with O-CR rats (P < 0.05 for each). The beneficial effects of chronic CR on NAFLD development were largely lost with 4 wk of AL feeding in the hyperphagic OLETF rat, highlighting the importance of maintaining energy balance in the prevention of NAFLD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Linden
- 1Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; ,3Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - Justin A. Fletcher
- 1Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; ,3Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - Grace M. Meers
- 1Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - John P. Thyfault
- 5Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas; and ,6Research Service, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - M. Harold Laughlin
- 4Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| | - R. Scott Rector
- 1Research Service, Harry S Truman Memorial Veterans Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri; ,2Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri; ,3Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Effect of Supplementing Synthetic Amino Acids in Low-protein Diet and Subsequent Re-feeding on Growth Performance, Serum Lipid Profile and Chemical Body Composition of Broiler Chickens. J Poult Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0140102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
10
|
Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Coppola P, Mazzoli A, Cigliano L, Liverini G, Iossa S. The effect of high-fat–high-fructose diet on skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics in adult rats. Eur J Nutr 2014; 54:183-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-014-0699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
11
|
Giller K, Huebbe P, Hennig S, Dose J, Pallauf K, Doering F, Rimbach G. Beneficial effects of a 6-month dietary restriction are time-dependently abolished within 2 weeks or 6 months of refeeding-genome-wide transcriptome analysis in mouse liver. Free Radic Biol Med 2013; 61:170-8. [PMID: 23563226 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has been shown to exert a number of beneficial effects including the prolongation of life span. One of the mechanisms by which DR leads to these advantages seems to be the induction of endogenous antioxidant defense and stress response mechanisms. However, little is known about the persistence of DR benefits after return to an ad libitum diet. In this study, male C57BL/6 mice were fed 75% of a normal diet for 6 months (DR) followed by 6 months of ad libitum refeeding (RF) and compared to a continuously ad libitum fed control group. To study the impact of DR and RF on the liver transcriptome, a global gene expression profile was generated using microarray technology. In comparison, the DR group showed lower body weight, lower triglyceride and cholesterol levels, reduced lipid peroxidation, and a changed hepatic fatty acid pattern. mRNA transcription and activity of antioxidant and phase II enzymes, as well as metallothionein 1 gene expression, were increased and autophagy was induced. Shifting from long-term DR to RF abolished 96% of the DR-mediated changes in differential gene expression within 2 weeks, and after 6 months of refeeding all of the previously differentially expressed genes were similar in both groups. These results indicate that DR has to be maintained continuously to keep its beneficial effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Giller
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - P Huebbe
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - S Hennig
- ImaGenes GmbH, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Dose
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - K Pallauf
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - F Doering
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Molecular Prevention, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - G Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Division of Food Science, Christian-Albrechts-University, 24118 Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Adipose tissue remodeling in rats exhibiting fructose-induced obesity. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:413-9. [PMID: 23728711 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0538-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the effect of a fructose-rich diet on morphological and functional changes in white adipose tissue (WAT) that could contribute to the development of insulin resistance. METHODS Adult sedentary rats were fed a fructose-rich diet for 8 weeks. Glucose tolerance test was carried out together with measurement of plasma triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation. In subcutaneous abdominal and intra-abdominal WAT, number and size of adipocytes together with cellular insulin sensitivity and lipolytic activity were assessed. RESULTS Rats fed a fructose-rich diet exhibited a significant increase in plasma insulin, triglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids and lipid peroxidation, together with significantly increased body lipids and epididymal and mesenteric WAT, compared to controls. Mean adipocyte volume in subcutaneous abdominal WAT was significantly lower, while mean adipocyte volume in intra-abdominal WAT was significantly higher, in rats fed a fructose-rich diet compared to controls. A significant increase in larger adipocytes and a significant decrease in smaller adipocytes were found in intra-abdominal WAT in rats fed a fructose-rich diet compared to controls. Insulin's ability to inhibit lipolysis was blunted in subcutaneous abdominal and intra-abdominal adipocytes from fructose-fed rats. Accordingly, lower p-Akt/Akt ratio was found in WAT in rats fed a fructose-rich diet compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of high levels of fructose elicits remarkable morphological and functional modifications, particularly in intra-abdominal WAT, that are highly predictive of obesity and insulin resistance and that contribute to the worsening of metabolic alterations peculiar in a fructose-rich, hypolipidic diet.
Collapse
|
13
|
Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, Tsalouhidou S, Yepuri G, Mougios V, Dulloo AG, Liverini G, Iossa S. Hepatic mitochondrial energetics during catch-up fat with high-fat diets rich in lard or safflower oil. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2012; 20:1763-72. [PMID: 21720434 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2011.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated whether altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics could explain the differential effects of high-fat diets with low or high ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid content (lard vs. safflower oil) on the efficiency of body fat recovery (catch-up fat) during refeeding after caloric restriction. After 2 weeks of caloric restriction, rats were isocalorically refed with a low-fat diet (LF) or high-fat diets made from either lard or safflower oil for 1 week, and energy balance and body composition changes were assessed. Hepatic mitochondrial energetics were determined from measurements of liver mitochondrial mass, respiratory capacities, and proton leak. Compared to rats refed the LF, the groups refed high-fat diets showed lower energy expenditure and increased efficiency of fat gain; these differences were less marked with high-safflower oil than with high-lard diet. The increase in efficiency of catch-up fat by the high-fat diets could not be attributed to differences in liver mitochondrial activity. By contrast, the lower fat gain with high-safflower oil than with high-lard diet is accompanied by higher mitochondrial proton leak and increased proportion of arachidonic acid in mitochondrial membranes. In conclusion, the higher efficiency for catch-up fat on high-lard diet than on LF cannot be explained by altered hepatic mitochondrial energetics. By contrast, the ability of the high-safflower oil diet to produce a less pronounced increase in the efficiency of catch-up fat may partly reside in increased incorporation of arachidonic acid in hepatic mitochondrial membranes, leading to enhanced proton leak and mitochondrial uncoupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Crescenzo
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, Coppola P, Liverini G, Iossa S. Increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial efficiency in a model of obesity induced by diets rich in fructose. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:537-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Mitochondrial energetics in liver and skeletal muscle after energy restriction in young rats. Br J Nutr 2011; 108:655-65. [PMID: 22085624 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114511005903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effect of 2 weeks of energy restriction on whole body, liver and skeletal muscle energy handling. We measured whole-body oxygen consumption, as well as mitochondrial protein mass, respiratory capacity and energetic coupling in liver and skeletal muscle from food-restricted (FR) rats, age- and weight-matched controls. We also assessed markers of oxidative damage and antioxidant defences. The present results show that, in response to energy restriction, an adaptive decrease in whole-body energy expenditure is coupled with structural and functional changes in mitochondrial compartment, both in liver and skeletal muscle. In fact, liver mitochondrial mass per g of liver significantly increased, whereas total hepatic mitochondrial oxidative capacity was lower in FR than in control rats, because of a significant decrease in liver contribution to total body weight. In skeletal muscle, sub-sarcolemmal (SS) mitochondrial respiratory capacity, as well as SS and inter-myofibrillar (IMF) mitochondrial protein mass per g of tissue, was significantly lower in FR rats, compared to controls. Finally, a decrease in oxidative damage was found in liver but not in skeletal muscle mitochondria from FR rats, whereas an increase in antioxidant defence was found in both tissues. From the present results, it appears that skeletal muscle is involved in the decrease in energy expenditure induced by energy restriction. Energy sparing is achieved through changes in the activity (SS), mass (SS and IMF) and efficiency (IMF) of mitochondrial compartment.
Collapse
|
16
|
Maclean PS, Bergouignan A, Cornier MA, Jackman MR. Biology's response to dieting: the impetus for weight regain. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2011; 301:R581-600. [PMID: 21677272 PMCID: PMC3174765 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00755.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Dieting is the most common approach to losing weight for the majority of obese and overweight individuals. Restricting intake leads to weight loss in the short term, but, by itself, dieting has a relatively poor success rate for long-term weight reduction. Most obese people eventually regain the weight they have worked so hard to lose. Weight regain has emerged as one of the most significant obstacles for obesity therapeutics, undoubtedly perpetuating the epidemic of excess weight that now affects more than 60% of U.S. adults. In this review, we summarize the evidence of biology's role in the problem of weight regain. Biology's impact is first placed in context with other pressures known to affect body weight. Then, the biological adaptations to an energy-restricted, low-fat diet that are known to occur in the overweight and obese are reviewed, and an integrative picture of energy homeostasis after long-term weight reduction and during weight regain is presented. Finally, a novel model is proposed to explain the persistence of the "energy depletion" signal during the dynamic metabolic state of weight regain, when traditional adiposity signals no longer reflect stored energy in the periphery. The preponderance of evidence would suggest that the biological response to weight loss involves comprehensive, persistent, and redundant adaptations in energy homeostasis and that these adaptations underlie the high recidivism rate in obesity therapeutics. To be successful in the long term, our strategies for preventing weight regain may need to be just as comprehensive, persistent, and redundant, as the biological adaptations they are attempting to counter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S Maclean
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Center for Human Nutrition, Denver, Colorado, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|