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Topsakal S, Ozmen O, Karakuyu NF, Bedir M, Sancer O. Cannabidiol Mitigates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Pancreatic Pathology: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:809-818. [PMID: 37903028 DOI: 10.1089/can.2023.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) are a component of certain types of bacteria and can induce an inflammatory response in the body, including in the pancreas. Cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychoactive compound found in cannabis, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and may offer potential therapeutic benefits for conditions involving inflammation and damage. The aim of this study was to investigate any potential preventative effects of CBD on experimental LPS-induced pancreatic pathology in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups as control, LPS (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneally [i.p.]), LPS+CBD, and CBD (5 mg/kg, i.p.) groups. Six hours after administering LPS, the rats were euthanized, and blood and pancreatic tissue samples were taken for biochemical, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histopathological, and immunohistochemical examinations. Results: The results indicated that LPS decreased serum glucose levels and increased lipase levels. It also caused severe hyperemia, increased vacuolization in endocrine cells, edema, and slight inflammatory cell infiltrations at the histopathological examination. Insulin and amylin expressions decreased during immunohistochemical analyses. At the PCR analysis, Silent Information Regulator 2 homolog 1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha expressions decreased and tumor protein p53 expressions increased in the LPS group. CBD improved the biochemical, PCR, histopathological, and immunohistochemical results. Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation demonstrated that LPS damages both the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. However, CBD demonstrated marked ameliorative effects in the pancreas in LPS induced rat model pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senay Topsakal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozlem Ozmen
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Nasif Fatih Karakuyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bedir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Okan Sancer
- Genetic Research Unit, Innovative Technologies Application and Research Center, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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Rosendo-Silva D, Viana S, Carvalho E, Reis F, Matafome P. Are gut dysbiosis, barrier disruption, and endotoxemia related to adipose tissue dysfunction in metabolic disorders? Overview of the mechanisms involved. Intern Emerg Med 2023; 18:1287-1302. [PMID: 37014495 PMCID: PMC10412677 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03262-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Recently, compelling evidence points to dysbiosis and disruption of the epithelial intestinal barrier as major players in the pathophysiology of metabolic disorders, such as obesity. Upon the intestinal barrier disruption, components from bacterial metabolism and bacteria itself can reach peripheral tissues through circulation. This has been associated with the low-grade inflammation that characterizes obesity and other metabolic diseases. While circulating bacterial DNA has been postulated as a common feature of obesity and even type 2 diabetes, almost no focus has been given to the existence and effects of bacteria in peripheral tissues, namely the adipose tissue. As a symbiont population, it is expected that gut microbiota modulate the immunometabolism of the host, thus influencing energy balance mechanisms and inflammation. Gut inflammatory signals cause direct deleterious inflammatory responses in adipose tissue and may also affect key gut neuroendocrine mechanisms governing nutrient sensing and energy balance, like incretins and ghrelin, which play a role in the gut-brain-adipose tissue axis. Thus, it is of major importance to disclose how gut microbiota and derived signals modulate neuroendocrine and inflammatory pathways, which contribute to the dysfunction of adipose tissue and to the metabolic sequelae of obesity and related disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding these topics and identifies new perspectives in this field of research, highlighting new pathways toward the reduction of the inflammatory burden of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rosendo-Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eugénia Carvalho
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paulo Matafome
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, Coimbra Health School (ESTeSC), Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Pole III of University of Coimbra, Subunit 1, 1st floor, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Baylor JL, Butler MW. Immune challenge-induced oxidative damage may be mitigated by biliverdin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 222:jeb.200055. [PMID: 30770399 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.200055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An effective immune response results in the elimination of pathogens, but this immunological benefit may be accompanied by increased levels of oxidative damage. However, organisms have evolved mechanisms to mitigate the extent of such oxidative damage, including the production and mobilization of antioxidants. One potential mechanism of mitigating immune challenge-induced changes in oxidative physiology is increasing biliverdin production. Biliverdin is chemically an antioxidant, but within-tissue correlations between biliverdin concentration and oxidative damage have never been directly examined. To test how biliverdin tissue concentrations are associated with physiological responses to an immune challenge, we exposed northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) to one of four treatments: injection of a non-pathogenic antigen - either lipopolysaccharide or phytohemagglutinin, control injection of phosphate-buffered saline or a sham procedure with no injection. Twenty-four hours later, we quantified oxidative damage and triglyceride concentration in the plasma, and biliverdin concentration in the plasma, liver and spleen. We found that both types of immune challenge increased oxidative damage relative to both non-injected and vehicle-injected controls, but treatment had no effects on any other metric. However, across all birds, oxidative damage and biliverdin concentration in the plasma were negatively correlated, which is consistent with a localized antioxidant function of biliverdin. Additionally, we uncovered multiple links between biliverdin concentration, change in mass during the immune challenges and triglyceride levels, suggesting that pathways associated with biliverdin production may also be associated with aspects of nutrient mobilization. Future experiments that manipulate biliverdin levels or oxidative damage directly could establish a systemic antioxidant function or elucidate important physiological impacts on body mass maintenance and triglyceride storage, mobilization or transport.
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Scheffer DDL, Ghisoni K, Aguiar AS, Latini A. Moderate running exercise prevents excessive immune system activation. Physiol Behav 2019; 204:248-255. [PMID: 30794851 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benefits of exercise have been documented for many diseases with a chronic progression, including obesity, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, certain types of cancers, and overall mortality. Low-grade systemic inflammation is a key component of these pathologies and it has been demonstrated that can be prevented by performing regularly physical exercise. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation on glucose and insulin tolerance, exercise performance, production of urinary neopterin and striatal neurotransmitters levels in adult male C57BL/6 mice. Increased blood glucose clearance and insulin sensitivity were observed after a single administration of glucose (2 g/kg, p.o.) or insulin (0.5 U/kg, i.p.). However, the repeated injection of LPS (0.33 mg/kg/day, i.p.) decreased glucose tolerance and increase urinary neopterin levels, pointing to systemic inflammation. In parallel to the urinary-increased neopterin, it was observed a significant reduction in the striatal dopamine levels and an increase in the serotonin/dopamine ratio. While a single LPS injection (0.33 mg/kg, i.p.) showed impaired performance in the incremental loading test (10 m/min, with 2 m/min increment every 3 min, at 9% grade), a moderate physical exercise protocol (treadmill for three weeks; 5 sessions/week; up to 50 min/day) prevented the exacerbation of immune system activation and preserved mitochondrial activity in skeletal muscle from mice with continuous LPS infusion (infusion pumps: 0.83 mg/kg/day, i.p.). In conclusion, the peripheral-induced inflammation elicited metabolic alterations that provoked impairment in striatal dopamine metabolism. The moderate exercise prevented the increase of urinary neopterin and preserved mitochondrial activity under LPS-induced inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora da Luz Scheffer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Karina Ghisoni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Aderbal Silva Aguiar
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil.
| | - Alexandra Latini
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
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