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Qin L, Yang S, Zhao C, Yang J, Li F, Xu Z, Yang Y, Zhou H, Li K, Xiong C, Huang W, Hu N, Hu X. Prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. Bone Res 2024; 12:28. [PMID: 38744863 PMCID: PMC11094017 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-024-00332-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteomyelitis is a devastating disease caused by microbial infection in deep bone tissue. Its high recurrence rate and impaired restoration of bone deficiencies are major challenges in treatment. Microbes have evolved numerous mechanisms to effectively evade host intrinsic and adaptive immune attacks to persistently localize in the host, such as drug-resistant bacteria, biofilms, persister cells, intracellular bacteria, and small colony variants (SCVs). Moreover, microbial-mediated dysregulation of the bone immune microenvironment impedes the bone regeneration process, leading to impaired bone defect repair. Despite advances in surgical strategies and drug applications for the treatment of bone infections within the last decade, challenges remain in clinical management. The development and application of tissue engineering materials have provided new strategies for the treatment of bone infections, but a comprehensive review of their research progress is lacking. This review discusses the critical pathogenic mechanisms of microbes in the skeletal system and their immunomodulatory effects on bone regeneration, and highlights the prospects and challenges for the application of tissue engineering technologies in the treatment of bone infections. It will inform the development and translation of antimicrobial and bone repair tissue engineering materials for the management of bone infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shuhao Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jianye Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Feilong Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhenghao Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yaji Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Haotian Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Jing, 101408, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Ning Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Orthopedic Laboratory of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610081, China.
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
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Inhibition of Polymicrobial Biofilms of Candida albicans- Staphylococcus aureus/ Streptococcus mutans by Fucoidan-Gold Nanoparticles. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020123. [PMID: 36827164 PMCID: PMC9965608 DOI: 10.3390/md21020123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymicrobial proliferation and development of complex biofilm morphologies by bacterial and fungal pathogens in the host are some of the key factors contributing to the failure of antimicrobial treatments. The polymicrobial interaction of Candida albicans and some bacterial species has been extensively studied in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Alternative strategies for disrupting polymicrobial interaction and biofilm formation are constantly needed. Among several alternative strategies, the use of nanoparticles synthesized using a natural product in the treatment of microbial infection has been considered a promising approach. The current study aimed to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using a natural product, fucoidan, and to test their efficacy against mono and duo combinations of fungal (Candida albicans) and bacterial (Staphylococcus aureus/Streptococcus mutans) biofilms. Several methods were used to characterize and study Fu-AuNPs, including UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, FTIR, FE-TEM, EDS, DLS, zeta potential, and XRD. The concentration-dependent inhibition of early-stage biofilms and the eradication of mature biofilms of single species of C. albicans, S. aureus, and S. mutans have been observed. Early biofilms of a dual-species combination of C. albicans and S. aureus/S. mutans were also suppressed at an increasing concentration of Fu-AuNPs. Furthermore, Fu-AuNPs significantly eradicated the established mature biofilm of mixed species. The treatment method proposed in this study, which involves the use of marine-bioinspired nanoparticles, is a promising and biocompatible agent for preventing the growth of polymicrobial biofilms of bacterial and fungal pathogens.
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Péter B, Farkas E, Kurunczi S, Szittner Z, Bősze S, Ramsden JJ, Szekacs I, Horvath R. Review of Label-Free Monitoring of Bacteria: From Challenging Practical Applications to Basic Research Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12040188. [PMID: 35448248 PMCID: PMC9026780 DOI: 10.3390/bios12040188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Novel biosensors already provide a fast way to detect the adhesion of whole bacteria (or parts of them), biofilm formation, and the effect of antibiotics. Moreover, the detection sensitivities of recent sensor technologies are large enough to investigate molecular-scale biological processes. Usually, these measurements can be performed in real time without using labeling. Despite these excellent capabilities summarized in the present work, the application of novel, label-free sensor technologies in basic biological research is still rare; the literature is dominated by heuristic work, mostly monitoring the presence and amount of a given analyte. The aims of this review are (i) to give an overview of the present status of label-free biosensors in bacteria monitoring, and (ii) to summarize potential novel directions with biological relevancies to initiate future development. Optical, mechanical, and electrical sensing technologies are all discussed with their detailed capabilities in bacteria monitoring. In order to review potential future applications of the outlined techniques in bacteria research, we summarize the most important kinetic processes relevant to the adhesion and survival of bacterial cells. These processes are potential targets of kinetic investigations employing modern label-free technologies in order to reveal new fundamental aspects. Resistance to antibacterials and to other antimicrobial agents, the most important biological mechanisms in bacterial adhesion and strategies to control adhesion, as well as bacteria-mammalian host cell interactions are all discussed with key relevancies to the future development and applications of biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Péter
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
| | - Eniko Farkas
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Sandor Kurunczi
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Zoltán Szittner
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Szilvia Bősze
- MTA-ELTE Research Group of Peptide Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, 1120 Budapest, Hungary;
- National Public Health Center, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeremy J. Ramsden
- Clore Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Research, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1AD, UK;
| | - Inna Szekacs
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Centre for Energy Research, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, 1121 Budapest, Hungary; (E.F.); (S.K.); (Z.S.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (R.H.)
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Biofilm Matrix Formation in Human: Clinical Significance, Diagnostic Techniques, and Therapeutic Drugs. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021. [DOI: 10.5812/archcid.107919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Context: Some recent reports have indicated that almost 80% of clinical infections in humans have biofilm origin and impose additional healthcare costs. This study was an updated review of extracellular polymeric substance matrix (Biofilm) formation in humans and elaborated on its clinical significance, diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches. Evidence Acquisition: This narrative study reviewed the most recent information on the significance of microbial biofilm formation in clinical settings, common biofilm-producing bacterial species, its diagnosis, antibiotic drug resistance, and new approaches to the treatment of infections associated with biofilm formation. Results: Evidence indicated a permanent increase in the frequency of microbial biofilm in the central venous catheter, mechanical heart valve, and urinary catheter, as well as persistent infections. However, antimicrobial resistance induced by biofilms formation and the antimicrobial treatment of biofilms were problematic. Moreover, several assays and lab devices were described to evaluate biofilm formation. Furthermore, new attitudes towards anti-biofilm treatments were introduced in this paper. Conclusions: The number of different mechanisms were in accordance with the recent knowledge on how biofilms play a critical role in the disease pathogenesis. Biofilm strikes the treatment and surveillance of patients bearing infectious diseases under different conditions. The use of new methods in anti-biofilm treatments is effective for the recovery of infected patients.
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Santos RA, Oliva-Teles A, Pousão-Ferreira P, Jerusik R, Saavedra MJ, Enes P, Serra CR. Isolation and Characterization of Fish-Gut Bacillus spp. as Source of Natural Antimicrobial Compounds to Fight Aquaculture Bacterial Diseases. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:276-293. [PMID: 33544251 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10022-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture is responsible for more than 50% of global seafood consumption. Bacterial diseases are a major constraint to this sector and associated with misuse of antibiotics, pose serious threats to public health. Fish-symbionts, co-inhabitants of fish pathogens, might be a promising source of natural antimicrobial compounds (NACs) alternative to antibiotics, limiting bacterial diseases occurrence in aquafarms. In particular, sporeforming Bacillus spp. are known for their probiotic potential and production of NACs antagonistic of bacterial pathogens and are abundant in aquaculture fish guts. Harnessing the fish-gut microbial community potential, 172 sporeforming strains producing NACs were isolated from economically important aquaculture fish species, namely European seabass, gilthead seabream, and white seabream. We demonstrated that they possess anti-growth, anti-biofilm, or anti-quorum-sensing activities, to control bacterial infections and 52% of these isolates effectively antagonized important fish pathogens, including Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, A. bivalvium, A. veronii, Vibrio anguillarum, V. harveyi, V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, Photobacterium damselae, Tenacibaculum maritimum, Edwardsiela tarda, and Shigella sonnei. By in vitro quantification of sporeformers' capacity to suppress growth and biofilm formation of fish pathogens, and by assessing their potential to interfere with pathogens communication, we identified three promising candidates to become probiotics or source of bioactive molecules to be used in aquaculture against bacterial aquaculture diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela A Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - Aires Oliva-Teles
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Pousão-Ferreira
- Instituto Português Do Mar E da Atmosfera (IPMA), Estação Piloto de Piscicultura de Olhão, Av. 5 de Outubro s/n, 8700-305, Olhão, Portugal
| | - Russell Jerusik
- Epicore Bionetworks Inc., 4 Lina Lane, NJ, 08060, Eastampton, USA
| | - Maria J Saavedra
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
- CITAB - Centro de Investigação E Tecnologias Agroambientais E Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- CECAV - Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, P.O. Box 1013, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal
- Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, ECAV, Universidade de Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Paula Enes
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Cláudia R Serra
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre s/n, Ed. FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha E Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.
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Abstract
This review of the literature concerning bacteria, antibiotics and tissue repair shows there are extensive data supporting microbial interference with wound healing once bacterial burden exceeds 104 CFU per unit of measure, The mechanism of bacterial interference lies largely in prolonging the inflammatory phase of tissue repair. Reducing the microbial bioburden allows tissue repair to continue. Systemic and topical antimicrobials appear critical to reducing the bioburden and facilitating repair. The current controversy over the use of antimicrobials in patients with chronically infected wounds, in particular, revolves around the definition of infection. The reliance on classic clinical signs of inflammation to support antimicrobial use in these patients is tenuous due to the lack of correlation of these signs with the microbial burden known to impair tissue repair.
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Assessment of the antibacterial, antivirulence, and action mechanism of Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and isolated compounds against oral bacteria. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110467. [PMID: 32603890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The microorganisms that constitute the oral microbiome can cause oral diseases, including dental caries and endodontic infections. The use of natural products could help to overcome bacterial resistance to the antimicrobials that are currently employed in clinical therapy. This study assessed the antimicrobial activity of the Copaifera pubiflora oleoresin and of the compounds isolated from this resin against oral bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays provided values ranging from 6.25 to > 400 μg/mL for the C. pubiflora oleoresin and its isolated compounds. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) assay showed that the oleoresin and chlorhexidine did not act synergistically. All the tested bacterial strains formed biofilms. MICB50 determination revealed inhibitory action: values varied from 3.12-25 μg/mL for the oleoresin, and from 0.78 to 25 μg/mL for the ent-hardwickiic acid. Concerning biofilm eradication, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and hardwickiic acid eradicated 99.9 % of some bacterial biofilms. Acid resistance determination showed that S. mutans was resistant to acid in the presence of the oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid at pH 4.0, 4.5, and 5.0 at all the tested concentrations. Analysis of DNA/RNA and protein release by the cell membrane demonstrated that the oleoresin and hardwiickic acid damaged the bacterial membrane irreversibly, which affected membrane integrity. Therefore, the C. pubiflora oleoresin and ent-hardwickiic acid have potential antibacterial effect and can be used as new therapeutic alternatives to treat oral diseases such as dental caries and endodontic infections.
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Assadian O, Zatorska B, Presterl E, Diab-El Schahawi M. A novel micellar formulation based on natural plant extracts enhances the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide against biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:576-586. [PMID: 32586132 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1782388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The antibacterial efficacy of hydrogen peroxide encapsulated in micelles (mH2O2) against biofilms was compared with that of hydrogen peroxide alone and of three commercially available aqueous biocides. The activity of mH2O2 on 24-h biofilms of reference strains of Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was tested in a static microtiter plate model. The biofilms were incubated with mH2O2 (17% v/v H2O2, 2% lactic acid, 0.3% phytoextract, H2O) and its individual ingredients and compared with three aqueous biocides at different concentrations and times of exposure. After 5-min exposure, 10% mH2O2 (corresponding to 1.7% v/v H2O2) achieved > 8 log10 reductions against all the test strains, while 1.7% H2O2 achieved a maximum of 1.5 log10 reduction. After 5-min exposure, none of the commercially available biocides tested showed themselves to be capable of completely eliminating the test strains embedded in biofilms. Hydrogen peroxide encapsulated in micelles demonstrated enhanced activity against planktonic cells and biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. and P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ojan Assadian
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beata Zatorska
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Presterl
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magda Diab-El Schahawi
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Yarawsky AE, Johns SL, Schuck P, Herr AB. The biofilm adhesion protein Aap from Staphylococcus epidermidis forms zinc-dependent amyloid fibers. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4411-4427. [PMID: 32102851 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin-colonizing commensal bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of hospital-acquired and device-related infections. Its pathogenicity in humans is largely due to its propensity to form biofilms, surface-adherent bacterial accumulations that are remarkably resistant to chemical and physical stresses. Accumulation-associated protein (Aap) from S. epidermidis has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for mature biofilm formation and catheter infection. Aap contains up to 17 tandem B-repeat domains, capable of zinc-dependent assembly into twisted, rope-like intercellular filaments in the biofilm. Using microscopic and biophysical techniques, we show here that Aap B-repeat constructs assemble further into zinc-dependent functional amyloid fibers. We observed such amyloid fibers by confocal microscopy during both early and late stages of S. epidermidis biofilm formation, and we confirmed that extracellular fibrils from these biofilms contain Aap. Unlike what has been observed for amyloidogenic biofilm proteins from other bacteria, which typically use chaperones or initiator proteins to initiate amyloid assembly, our findings indicate that Aap from S. epidermidis requires Zn2+ as a catalyst that drives amyloid fiber formation, similar to many mammalian amyloid-forming proteins that require metals for assembly. This work provides detailed insights into S. epidermidis biofilm formation and architecture that improve our understanding of persistent staphylococcal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Yarawsky
- Graduate Program in Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267.,Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
| | - Stefanie L Johns
- Graduate Program in Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
| | - Peter Schuck
- Dynamics of Macromolecular Assembly Section, Laboratory of Cellular Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - Andrew B Herr
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229 .,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229
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Szemraj M, Grazul M, Balcerczak E, Szewczyk EM. Staphylococcal species less frequently isolated from human clinical specimens - are they a threat for hospital patients? BMC Infect Dis 2020; 20:128. [PMID: 32046678 PMCID: PMC7014773 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-4841-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Coagulase-negative staphylococci belonging to S. haemolyticus, S. hominis subsp. hominis, S. simulans, and S. warneri are often described as etiological factors of infections. Staphylococci are a phylogenetically coherent group; nevertheless, there are differences among the species which may be important to clinicians. Methods We investigated selected virulence factors and antibiotic resistance that were phenotypically demonstrated, the presence and expression of genes encoding the virulence factors, and the type of the SCCmec cassette. Results The differences between the tested species were revealed. A great number of isolates produced a biofilm and many of them contained single icaADBC operon genes. Clear differences between species in the lipolytic activity spectrum could be related to their ability to cause various types of infections. Our studies also revealed the presence of genes encoding virulence factors homologous to S. aureus in the analysed species such as enterotoxin and pvl genes, which were also expressed in single isolates of S. simulans and S. warneri. S. haemolyticus and S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates were resistant to all clinically important antibiotics including ß-lactams. The identified SCCmec cassettes belonged to IV, V, VII, and IX type but most of the detected cassettes were non-typeable. Among the investigated species, S. hominis subsp. hominis isolates accumulated virulence genes typical for S. aureus in the most efficient way and were widely resistant to antibiotics. Conclusions Our results clearly indicated significant differences between the tested species, which might be a result of the horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and can lead to the formation and selection of multi-drug resistant strains as well as strains with new virulence features. Such strains can have a new clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szemraj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 137, 90-235, Łódź, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Grazul
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 137, 90-235, Łódź, Poland
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostic, Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostic and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Lodz, Łódź, Poland
| | - Eligia M Szewczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Microbiological Diagnostic, Medical University of Lodz, Pomorska 137, 90-235, Łódź, Poland
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Castro RD, Pedroso SHSP, Sandes SHC, Silva GO, Luiz KCM, Dias RS, Filho RAT, Figueiredo HCP, Santos SG, Nunes AC, Souza MR. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the production process of Minas artisanal cheese from the region of Campo das Vertentes, Brazil. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:2098-2110. [PMID: 31980224 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is one of the main pathogens found in cheeses produced with raw milk, including Minas artisanal cheese from Brazil. However, information about S. aureus isolated from artisanal cheeses and its sources of production in small-scale dairies is very limited. We aimed to characterize the virulence factors of S. aureus isolated from raw milk, endogenous starter culture, Minas artisanal cheese, and cheese handlers from the region of Campo das Vertentes, Minas Gerais, Brazil. We identified the staphylococcal isolates by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. We evaluated biofilm production on Congo red agar and polystyrene plates. We used PCR to detect icaA, icaB, icaC, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, tsst-1, agr, and mecA. We evaluated the expression of staphylococcal toxin genes in PCR-positive staphylococcal isolates using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and we evaluated the production of these toxins and their hemolytic activity in vitro. We also evaluated the antimicrobial resistance profile of the staphylococcal isolates. For statistical analysis, we used cluster analysis, χ2 tests, and correspondence tests. We analyzed 76 staphylococcal isolates. According to PCR, 18.42, 18.42, 2.63, and 77.63% were positive for sea, tsst-1, sec, and agr, respectively. We found low expression of staphylococcal toxin genes according to quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, and only 2 staphylococcal isolates produced toxic shock syndrome toxins. A total of 43 staphylococcal isolates (56.58%) had hemolytic activity; 53 were biofilm-forming on Congo red agar (69.73%), and 62 on polystyrene plates (81.58%). None of the staphylococcal isolates expressed the mecA gene, and none presented a multi-drug resistance pattern. The highest resistance was observed for penicillin G (67.11%) in 51 isolates and for tetracycline (27.63%) in 21 isolates. The staphylococcal isolates we evaluated had toxigenic potential, with a higher prevalence of sea and tsst-1. Biofilm production was the main virulence factor of the studied bacteria. Six clusters were formed whose distribution frequencies differed for hemolytic activity, biofilm formation (qualitative and quantitative analyses), and resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin. These findings emphasize the need for effective measures to prevent staphylococcal food poisoning by limiting S. aureus growth and enterotoxin formation throughout the food production chain and the final product.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Castro
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - S H S P Pedroso
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - S H C Sandes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - G O Silva
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - K C M Luiz
- Laboratório de Enterotoxinas de Alimentos, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, 30510-010, Brazil
| | - R S Dias
- Laboratório de Enterotoxinas de Alimentos, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, 30510-010, Brazil
| | - R A T Filho
- Departamento de Engenharia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Florestal, 35690-000, Brazil
| | - H C P Figueiredo
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - S G Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - A C Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
| | - M R Souza
- Departamento de Tecnologia e Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, 31270-901, Brazil
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Magalhães AP, Jorge P, Pereira MO. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus communication in biofilm infections: insights through network and database construction. Crit Rev Microbiol 2019; 45:712-728. [DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2019.1700209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Patrícia Magalhães
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Paula Jorge
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Maria Olívia Pereira
- CEB - Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO - Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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13
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Wang S, Breslawec AP, Alvarez E, Tyrlik M, Li C, Poulin MB. Differential Recognition of Deacetylated PNAG Oligosaccharides by a Biofilm Degrading Glycosidase. ACS Chem Biol 2019; 14:1998-2005. [PMID: 31430121 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.9b00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides consisting of partially de-N-acetylated poly-β-d-(1→6)-N-acetyl-glucosamine (dPNAG) are key structural components of the biofilm extracellular polymeric substance of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative human pathogens. De-N-acetylation is required for the proper assembly and function of dPNAG in biofilm development suggesting that different patterns of deacetylation may be preferentially recognized by proteins that interact with dPNAG, such as Dispersin B (DspB). The enzymatic degradation of dPNAG by the Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans native β-hexosaminidase enzyme DspB plays a role in biofilm dispersal. To test the role of substrate de-N-acetylation on substrate recognition by DspB, we applied an efficient preactivation-based one-pot glycosylation approach to prepare a panel of dPNAG trisaccharide analogs with defined acetylation patterns. These analogs served as effective DspB substrates, and the rate of hydrolysis was dependent on the specific substrate de-N-acetylation pattern, with glucosamine (GlcN) located +2 from the site of cleavage being preferentially hydrolyzed. The product distributions support a primarily exoglycosidic cleavage activity following a substrate assisted cleavage mechanism, with the exception of substrates containing a nonreducing GlcN that were cleaved endo leading to the exclusive formation of a nonreducing disaccharide product. These observations provide critical insight into the substrate specificity of dPNAG specific glycosidase that can help guide their design as biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Alexandra P. Breslawec
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Elaine Alvarez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Michal Tyrlik
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Crystal Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Myles B. Poulin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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14
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Sharma P, Garg N, Sharma A, Capalash N, Singh R. Nucleases of bacterial pathogens as virulence factors, therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Int J Med Microbiol 2019; 309:151354. [PMID: 31495663 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2019.151354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
New frontiers of therapy are being explored against the upcoming bacterial diseases rendered untreatable due to multiple, extreme and pan- antibiotic resistance. Nucleases are ubiquitous in bacterial pathogens performing various functions like acquiring nucleotide nutrients, allowing or preventing uptake of foreign DNA, controlling biofilm formation/dispersal/architecture, invading host by tissue damage, evading immune defence by degrading DNA matrix of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and immunomodulating the host immune response. Secretory nucleases also provide means of survival to other bacteria like iron-reducing Shewanella and such functions help them adapt and survive proficiently. Other than their pro-pathogen roles in survival, nucleases can be used directly as therapeutics. One of the powerful armours of pathogens is the formation of biofilms, thus helping them resist and persist in the harshest of environments. As eDNA forms the structural and binding component of biofilm, nucleases can be used against the adhering component, thus increasing the permeability of antimicrobial agents. Nucleases have recently become a model system of intense study for their biological functions and medical applications in diagnosis, immunoprophylaxis and therapy. Rational implications of these enzymes can impact human medicine positively in future by opening new ways for therapeutics which have otherwise reached saturation due to multi drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Nisha Garg
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anshul Sharma
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neena Capalash
- Department of Biotechnology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ravinder Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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15
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Jain N, Mansuri A. Stopping the Unstoppable: Unconventional Methods to Prevent the Biofilm Growth. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2019; 17:515-522. [PMID: 31362660 DOI: 10.2174/1570163816666190726153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms are consortia of microorganisms encased in extracellular matrix that protect cells from adverse conditions. A biofilm matrix is typically composed of extracellular DNA, cellulose and proteinaceous amyloid fibers. The matrix aids in adhesion to abiotic and biotic surface including medical devices and host tissues. The presence of biofilm makes bacteria more resilient and non-responsive to most current treatment regimes at disposal. Therefore, biofilm-associated infections are serious threat in hospital settings and pose a huge burden on economy. Inhibition of matrix components (cellulose and/or amyloid formation) has emerged as a lucrative alternative strategy to cure biofilm-related infections and combat antibiotic resistance. Here we review the current and emerging therapeutic interventions to mitigate persistent infections due to biofilms. The successful implementation of these interventions will have a huge impact on alleviating the current financial burden on healthcare services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
| | - Abdulkhalik Mansuri
- Department of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Jodhpur, NH 65, Nagaur Road, Karwar, Jodhpur (Rajasthan), India
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Catalysing the way towards antimicrobial effectiveness: A systematic analysis and a new online resource for antimicrobial–enzyme combinations against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2019; 53:598-605. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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17
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Doroshenko N, Rimmer S, Hoskins R, Garg P, Swift T, Spencer HLM, Lord RM, Katsikogianni M, Pownall D, MacNeil S, Douglas CWI, Shepherd J. Antibiotic functionalised polymers reduce bacterial biofilm and bioburden in a simulated infection of the cornea. Biomater Sci 2018; 6:2101-2109. [PMID: 29881840 DOI: 10.1039/c8bm00201k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microbial keratitis can arise from penetrating injuries to the cornea. Corneal trauma promotes bacterial attachment and biofilm growth, which decrease the effectiveness of antimicrobials against microbial keratitis. Improved therapeutic efficacy can be achieved by reducing microbial burden prior to antimicrobial therapy. This paper assesses a highly-branched poly(N-isopropyl acrylamide) with vancomycin end groups (HB-PNIPAM-van), for reducing bacterial attachment and biofilm formation. The polymer lacked antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, but significantly inhibited biofilm formation (p = 0.0008) on plastic. Furthermore, pre-incubation of S. aureus cells with HB-PNIPAM-van reduced cell attachment by 50% and application of HB-PNIPAM-van to infected ex vivo rabbit corneas caused a 1-log reduction in bacterial recovery, compared to controls (p = 0.002). In conclusion, HB-PNIPAM-van may be a useful adjunct to antimicrobial therapy in the treatment of corneal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Doroshenko
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TA, UK.
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Wang J, Yu Z, Xu Z, Hu S, Li Y, Xue X, Cai Q, Zhou X, Shen J, Lan Y, Cheng C. Antimicrobial mechanism and the effect of atmospheric pressure N 2 plasma jet on the regeneration capacity of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. BIOFOULING 2018; 34:935-949. [PMID: 30477343 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2018.1530350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study systematically assessed the inactivation mechanism on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms by a N2 atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and the effect on the biofilm regeneration capacity from the bacteria which survived, and their progenies. The total bacterial populations were 7.18 ± 0.34 log10 CFU ml-1 in biofilms and these were effectively inactivated (>5.5-log10 CFU ml-1) within 30 min of exposure. Meanwhile, >80% of the S. aureus biofilm cells lost their metabolic capacity. In comparison, ∼20% of the plasma-treated bacteria entered a viable but non-culturable state. Moreover, the percentage of membrane-intact bacteria declined to ∼30%. Scanning electron microscope images demonstrated cell shrinkage and deformation post-treatment. The total amount of intracellular reactive oxygen species was observed to have significantly increased in membrane-intact bacterial cells with increasing plasma dose. Notably, the N2 plasma treatment could effectively inhibit the biofilm regeneration ability of the bacteria which survived, leading to a long-term phenotypic response and dose-dependent inactivation effect on S. aureus biofilms, in addition to the direct rapid bactericidal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaquan Wang
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Zimu Xu
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
- b Institute of Plasma Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- c Center of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- d Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
| | - Shuheng Hu
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Yunxia Li
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Xue
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Qiuchen Cai
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhou
- a School of Resources and Environmental Engineering , Hefei University of Technology , Hefei , Anhui Province , PR China
| | - Jie Shen
- b Institute of Plasma Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- c Center of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- d Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
| | - Yan Lan
- b Institute of Plasma Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- c Center of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- d Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- b Institute of Plasma Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- c Center of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
- d Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology , Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Hefei , PR China
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de Alteriis E, Maselli V, Falanga A, Galdiero S, Di Lella FM, Gesuele R, Guida M, Galdiero E. Efficiency of gold nanoparticles coated with the antimicrobial peptide indolicidin against biofilm formation and development of Candida spp. clinical isolates. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:915-925. [PMID: 30013374 PMCID: PMC6037145 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s164262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This article examines the use of a novel nano-system, gold nanoparticles coated with indolicidin (AuNPs-indolicidin), against pathogenic Candida albicans biofilms. Candida species cause frequent infections owing to their ability to form biofilms, primarily on implant devices. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used an integrated approach, evaluating the effect of AuNPs-indolicidin on prevention and eradication of Candida biofilms formed in multi-well polystyrene plates, with relative gene expression assays. Four biofilm-associated genes (FG1, HWP1, ALS1 and ALS3, and CDR1 and CDR2) involved in efflux pump were analyzed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Treatment with the nano-complex significantly inhibits the capacity of C. albicans to form biofilms and impairs preformed mature biofilms. Treatment with AuNPs-indolicidin results in an increase in the kinetics of Rhodamine 6G efflux and a reduction in the expression of biofilm-related genes. CONCLUSION These data provide a chance to develop novel therapies against nosocomially acquired refractory C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Valeria Maselli
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy,
| | - Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Maria Di Lella
- Section of Microbiology and Virology, University Hospital "Luigi Vanvitelli" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Renato Gesuele
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy,
| | - Marco Guida
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy,
| | - Emilia Galdiero
- Department of Biology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy,
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Esteban Florez FL, Mendonça de Oliveira MR, de Oliveira Júnior OB, Hiers RD, Khajotia SS, Pretel H. Bioluminescence Analysis of Antibacterial Photodynamic Therapy Using Methylene Blue Mediated by Low-Intensity Level Laser Against Cariogenic Biofilms. Photomed Laser Surg 2018; 36:258-265. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2017.4326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Morgana Regina Mendonça de Oliveira
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Osmir Batista de Oliveira Júnior
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Hermes Pretel
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho,” Araraquara, Brazil
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Reinhardt A, Thomas I, Schmauck J, Giernoth R, Schulze A, Neundorf I. Electron Beam Immobilization of Novel Antimicrobial, Short Peptide Motifs Leads to Membrane Surfaces with Promising Antibacterial Properties. J Funct Biomater 2018; 9:E21. [PMID: 29495523 PMCID: PMC5872107 DOI: 10.3390/jfb9010021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the efficacy of electron beam irradiation versus chemical coupling for yielding polyethersulfone (PES) membranes with antibacterial properties was investigated. For the surface coating, a recently discovered lead compound, IL-KKA, comprising a short peptide sequence functionalized with imidazolium groups, was used. For better integration within the membrane, several novel variants of IL-KKA were generated. Membrane immobilization was achieved using different doses of electron beam irradiation and NHS/EDC chemical coupling. Physicochemical characterization of the coated membranes was performed by water contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Our results show that electron beam irradiation is as effective and gentle as chemical coupling using the NHS/EDC method. Moreover, it was demonstrated that the obtained membranes exhibit promising antibacterial activity against B. subtilis. In summary, the technique presented herein might be promising as a template for developing future anti-biofilm devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Reinhardt
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Isabell Thomas
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Julie Schmauck
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ralf Giernoth
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, D-50939 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Agnes Schulze
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering, Permoserstr. 15, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ines Neundorf
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47a, D-50674 Cologne, Germany.
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Bikker FJ, Hoogenkamp MA, Malhaoui A, Nazmi K, Neilands J, Krom BP. Phytosphingosine Prevents the Formation of Young Salivary Biofilms in vitro. Caries Res 2017; 52:7-13. [DOI: 10.1159/000480712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental biofilms are formed in a multistep process that is initiated by the adhesion of oral bacteria to the dental hard surface. As dental biofilms are associated with oral diseases their control is necessary in order to maintain oral health. Recently, it was revealed that phytosphingosine (PHS)-treated hydroxyapatite discs showed anti-adhesive activity in a static in vitro biofilm model against Streptococcus mutans. The goal of the present study was to further unravel the anti-adhesive and anti-biofilm properties of PHS in both static and dynamic in vitro biofilm models against a full salivary inoculum. After 3 h under static conditions, bacterial adherence on PHS-treated cover glass slides was reduced by 60% compared to the untreated surface. After 6 and 24 h under static conditions, no significant differences in bacterial adherence were observed between PHS-treated and untreated cover glass slides. However, under dynamic conditions, i.e., the presence of shear forces, virtually no bacterial adherence was observed for up to 16 h on PHS-coated surfaces. Besides, PHS showed a strong bactericidal activity on salivary biofilms. Treatment of a 3- and 6-h statically grown biofilm resulted in a 99 and 94% reduction of viable cells, respectively, which was effectuated within minutes. In principle, these anti-adherence and anti-biofilm properties make PHS a promising candidate ingredient for use in oral care products aimed at oral microbial control.
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Antibacterial Activity of the Non-Cytotoxic Peptide (p-BthTX-I)₂ and Its Serum Degradation Product against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111898. [PMID: 29113051 PMCID: PMC6150245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides can be used systemically, however, their susceptibility to proteases is a major obstacle in peptide-based therapeutic development. In the present study, the serum stability of p-BthTX-I (KKYRYHLKPFCKK) and (p-BthTX-I)₂, a p-BthTX-I disulfide-linked dimer, were analyzed by mass spectrometry and analytical high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Antimicrobial activities were assessed by determining their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) using cation-adjusted Mueller-Hinton broth. Furthermore, biofilm eradication and time-kill kinetics were performed. Our results showed that p-BthTX-I and (p-BthTX-I)₂ were completely degraded after 25 min. Mass spectrometry showed that the primary degradation product was a peptide that had lost four lysine residues on its C-terminus region (des-Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)₂), which was stable after 24 h of incubation. The antibacterial activities of the peptides p-BthTX-I, (p-BthTX-I)₂, and des-Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)₂ were evaluated against a variety of bacteria, including multidrug-resistant strains. Des-Lys12/Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)₂ and (p-BthTX-I)₂ degraded Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms. Additionally, both the peptides exhibited bactericidal activities against planktonic S. epidermidis in time-kill assays. The emergence of bacterial resistance to a variety of antibiotics used in clinics is the ultimate challenge for microbial infection control. Therefore, our results demonstrated that both peptides analyzed and the product of proteolysis obtained from (p-BthTX-I)₂ are promising prototypes as novel drugs to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.
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Zatorska B, Groger M, Moser D, Diab-Elschahawi M, Lusignani LS, Presterl E. Does Extracellular DNA Production Vary in Staphylococcal Biofilms Isolated From Infected Implants versus Controls? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2017; 475:2105-2113. [PMID: 28194715 PMCID: PMC5498371 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-017-5266-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prosthetic implant infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and epidermidis are major challenges for early diagnosis and treatment owing to biofilm formation on the implant surface. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is actively excreted from bacterial cells in biofilms, contributing to biofilm stability, and may offer promise in the detection or treatment of such infections. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) Does DNA structure change during biofilm formation? (2) Are there time-dependent differences in eDNA production during biofilm formation? (3) Is there differential eDNA production between clinical and control Staphylococcal isolates? (4) Is eDNA production correlated to biofilm thickness? METHODS We investigated eDNA presence during biofilm formation in 60 clinical and 30 control isolates of S aureus and S epidermidis. The clinical isolates were isolated from patients with infections of orthopaedic prostheses and implants: 30 from infected hip prostheses and 30 from infected knee prostheses. The control isolates were taken from healthy volunteers who had not been exposed to antibiotics and a hospital environment during the previous 3 and 12 months, respectively. Control S epidermidis was isolated from the skin of the antecubital fossa, and control S aureus was isolated from the nares. For the biofilm experiments the following methods were used to detect eDNA: (1) fluorescent staining with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), (2) eDNA extraction using a commercial kit, and (3) confocal laser scanning microscopy for 24-hour biofilm observation using propidium iodide and concanavalin-A staining; TOTO®-1 and SYTO® 60 staining were used for observation and quantification of eDNA after 6 and 24 hours of biofilm formation. Additionally antibiotic resistance was described. RESULTS eDNA production as observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy was greater in clinical isolates than controls (clinical isolates mean ± SD: 1.84% ± 1.31%; control mean ± SD: 1.17% ± 1.37%; p < 0.005) after 6 hours of biofilm formation. After 24 hours, the amount of eDNA was greater in biofilms of S epidermidis than in biofilms of S aureus (S aureus mean ± SD: 1.35% ± 2.0%; S epidermidis mean ± SD: 6.42% ± 10.6%; p < 0.05). Clinical isolates of S aureus and S epidermidis produced more eDNA than control isolates at 6 hours of biofilm formation. The extraction method also showed that clinical isolates produced substantially greater amounts of eDNA than controls. CONCLUSIONS S aureus and S epidermidis exhibit a differential production of DNA with time. Clinical isolates associated with implant infections produce greater amounts of eDNA than controls. Future research might focus on the diagnostic value of eDNA as a surrogate laboratory marker for biofilm formation in implant infections. CLINICAL RELEVANCE eDNA should be considered as a potential future diagnostic tool or even a possible target to modify biofilms for successful treatment of biofilm-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Zatorska
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marion Groger
- Department of Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Moser
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial and Oral Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Magda Diab-Elschahawi
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luigi Segagni Lusignani
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Presterl
- Department of Hospital Hygiene and Infection Control, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Galac MR, Stam J, Maybank R, Hinkle M, Mack D, Rohde H, Roth AL, Fey PD. Complete Genome Sequence of Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457. GENOME ANNOUNCEMENTS 2017; 5:e00450-17. [PMID: 28572323 PMCID: PMC5454206 DOI: 10.1128/genomea.00450-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457 is a frequently utilized strain that is amenable to genetic manipulation and has been widely used for biofilm-related research. We report here the whole-genome sequence of this strain, which encodes 2,277 protein-coding genes and 81 RNAs within its 2.4-Mb genome and plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline R Galac
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Jason Stam
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosslyn Maybank
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Mary Hinkle
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Dietrich Mack
- Institut für Medizinische Diagnostik GmbH, Bioscientia Labor Ingelheim, Ingelheim, Germany
| | - Holger Rohde
- Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Virologie & Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amanda L Roth
- Multidrug-Resistant Organism Repository and Surveillance Network (MRSN), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul D Fey
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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26
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Scheuermann-Poley C, Wagner C, Hoffmann J, Moter A, Willy C. Bedeutung des Biofilms für die Infektbehandlung in der Unfallchirurgie. Unfallchirurg 2017; 120:461-471. [DOI: 10.1007/s00113-017-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Ferrer M, Rodriguez J, Álvarez L, Artacho A, Royo G, Mira A. Effect of antibiotics on biofilm inhibition and induction measured by real-time cell analysis. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 122:640-650. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.D. Ferrer
- FISABIO Foundation; Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health; Valencia Spain
| | | | - L. Álvarez
- Hospital General Universitario; Elche Spain
| | - A. Artacho
- FISABIO Foundation; Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health; Valencia Spain
| | - G. Royo
- Hospital General Universitario; Elche Spain
| | - A. Mira
- FISABIO Foundation; Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health; Valencia Spain
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28
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Di Luca M, Navari E, Esin S, Menichini M, Barnini S, Trampuz A, Casani A, Batoni G. Detection of Biofilms in Biopsies from Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients: In Vitro Biofilm Forming Ability and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Biofilm Mode of Growth of Isolated Bacteria. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 1057:1-27. [PMID: 28389992 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2017_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is the most common illness among chronic disorders that remains poorly understood from a pathogenic standpoint and has a significant impact on patient quality of life, as well as healthcare costs. Despite being widespread, little is known about the etiology of the CRS. Recent evidence, showing the presence of biofilms within the paranasal sinuses, suggests a role for biofilm in the pathogenesis. To elucidate the role of biofilm in the pathogenesis of CRS, we assessed the presence of biofilm at the infection site and the ability of the aerobic flora isolated from CRS patients to form biofilm in vitro. For selected bacterial strains the susceptibility profiles to antibiotics in biofilm condition was also evaluated.Staphylococci represented the majority of the isolates obtained from the infection site, with S. epidermidis being the most frequently isolated species. Other isolates were represented by Enterobacteriaceae or by species present in the oral flora. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) of the mucosal biopsies taken from patients with CRS revealed the presence of biofilm in the majority of the samples. Strains isolated from the specific infection site of the CRS patients were able to form biofilm in vitro at moderate or high levels, when tested in optimized conditions. No biofilm was observed by CLSM in the biopsies from control patients, although the same biopsies were positive for staphylococci in microbiological culture analysis. Drug-susceptibility tests demonstrated that the susceptibility profile of planktonic bacteria differs from that of sessile bacteria in biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariagrazia Di Luca
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy. .,NEST, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR and Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy. .,Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Elena Navari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Semih Esin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy.,Microbiology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Melissa Menichini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy.,Microbiology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Simona Barnini
- Microbiology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrej Trampuz
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Septic Unit Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Augusto Casani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Pathology, Otorhinolaryngology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Batoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, Pisa, Italy.,Microbiology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
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Szczuka E, Jabłońska L, Kaznowski A. Coagulase-negative staphylococci: pathogenesis, occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes and in vitro effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm-growing bacteria. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1405-1413. [PMID: 27902368 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are opportunistic pathogens that particularly cause infections in patients with implanted medical devices. The present research was performed to study the virulence potential of 53 clinical isolates of Staphylococcus capitis, Staphylococcus auricularis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus caprae. All clinical strains were clonally unrelated. Isolates carried genes encoding resistance to β-lactam (mecA) (15 %), aminoglycoside [aac(6')/aph(2″)(11 %), aph (3')-IIIa (15 %), ant(4')-Ia (19 %)] and macrolide, lincosamide and streptogramin B (MLSB) [erm(A) (4 %), erm(B) (13 %), erm(C) (41 %), msr(A) (11 %)] antibiotics. CoNS isolates (64 %) were able to form biofilms. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that these biofilms formed a three-dimensional structure composed mainly of living cells. All biofilm-positive strains carried the ica operon. In vitro studies demonstrated that a combination treatment with tigecycline and rifampicin was more effective against biofilms than one with ciprofloxacin and rifampicin. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration values were 0.062-0.5 µg ml-1 for tigecycline/rifampicin and 0.250-2 µg ml-1 for ciprofloxacin/rifampicin. All CoNS strains adhered to the human epithelial cell line HeLa, and more than half of the isolates were able to invade the HeLa cells, although most invaded relatively poorly. The virulence of CoNS is also attributed to their cytotoxic effects on HeLa cells. Incubation of HeLa cells with culture supernatant of the CoNS isolates resulted in cell death. The results indicate that the pathogenicity of S. capitis, S. auricularis, S. lugdunensis, S. cohnii and S. caprae is multi-factorial, involving the ability of these bacteria to adhere to human epithelial cells, form biofilms and invade and destroy human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczuka
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Lucyna Jabłońska
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | - Adam Kaznowski
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, ul. Umultowska 89, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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Versatility of Biofilm Matrix Molecules in Staphylococcus epidermidis Clinical Isolates and Importance of Polysaccharide Intercellular Adhesin Expression during High Shear Stress. mSphere 2016; 1:mSphere00165-16. [PMID: 27747298 PMCID: PMC5064449 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00165-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of infections related to biomaterials, mostly due to their ability to form biofilm. Biofilm accumulation mechanisms vary, including those that are dependent on specific proteins, environmental DNA (eDNA), or polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). We found that those isolates obtained from high-shear environments, such as the lumen of a catheter, are more likely to produce PIA-mediated biofilms than those isolates obtained from a low-shear biomaterial-related infection. This suggests that PIA functions as a mechanism that is protective against shear flow. Finally, we performed selection experiments documenting the heterogeneity of biofilm accumulation molecules that function in the absence of PIA, further documenting the biofilm-forming potential of S. epidermidis. Staphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of hospital-associated infections, including those of intravascular catheters, cerebrospinal fluid shunts, and orthopedic implants. Multiple biofilm matrix molecules with heterogeneous characteristics have been identified, including proteinaceous, polysaccharide, and nucleic acid factors. Two of the best-studied components in S. epidermidis include accumulation-associated protein (Aap) and polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), produced by the enzymatic products of the icaADBC operon. Biofilm composition varies by strain as well as environmental conditions, and strains producing PIA-mediated biofilms are more robust. Clinically, biofilm-mediated infections occur in a variety of anatomical sites with diverse physiological properties. To test the hypothesis that matrix composition exhibits niche specificity, biofilm-related genetic and physical properties were compared between S. epidermidis strains isolated from high-shear and low-shear environments. Among a collection of 105 clinical strains, significantly more isolates from high-shear environments carried the icaADBC operon than did those from low-shear settings (43.9% versus 22.9%, P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the presence of aap (77.2% versus 75.0%, P > 0.05). Additionally, a significantly greater number of high-shear isolates were capable of forming biofilm in vitro in a microtiter assay (82.5% versus 45.8%, P < 0.0001). However, even among high-shear clinical isolates, less than half contained the icaADBC locus; therefore, we selected for ica-negative variants with increased attachment to abiotic surfaces to examine PIA-independent biofilm mechanisms. Sequencing of selected variants identified substitutions capable of enhancing biofilm formation in multiple genes, further highlighting the heterogeneity of S. epidermidis biofilm molecules and mechanisms. IMPORTANCEStaphylococcus epidermidis is a leading cause of infections related to biomaterials, mostly due to their ability to form biofilm. Biofilm accumulation mechanisms vary, including those that are dependent on specific proteins, environmental DNA (eDNA), or polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA). We found that those isolates obtained from high-shear environments, such as the lumen of a catheter, are more likely to produce PIA-mediated biofilms than those isolates obtained from a low-shear biomaterial-related infection. This suggests that PIA functions as a mechanism that is protective against shear flow. Finally, we performed selection experiments documenting the heterogeneity of biofilm accumulation molecules that function in the absence of PIA, further documenting the biofilm-forming potential of S. epidermidis.
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31
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Ghanwate NA, Tiwari AA, Thakare PV. Importance of biofilm in medical sciences: With special reference to uropathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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32
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Zoccolillo ML, Rogers SC, Mang TS. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy of S. mutans
biofilms attached to relevant dental materials. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:995-1005. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Zoccolillo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine; 3435 Main St, Buffalo New York 14214
| | - Stephen C. Rogers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine; 3435 Main St, Buffalo New York 14214
| | - Thomas S. Mang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine; 3435 Main St, Buffalo New York 14214
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Uppuluri
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Biology and South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
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Cukkemane N, Bikker FJ, Nazmi K, Brand HS, Sotres J, Lindh L, Arnebrant T, Veerman ECI. Anti-adherence and bactericidal activity of sphingolipids againstStreptococcus mutans. Eur J Oral Sci 2015; 123:221-7. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Cukkemane
- Section of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Section of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Section of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Henk S. Brand
- Section of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - Javier Sotres
- Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Society; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Liselott Lindh
- Prosthetic Dentistry; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Thomas Arnebrant
- Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Society; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Enno C. I. Veerman
- Section of Oral Biochemistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam; University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; Amsterdam the Netherlands
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35
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Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas for bacterial biofilm prevention and eradication. Biointerphases 2015; 10:029404. [PMID: 25869456 DOI: 10.1116/1.4914382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are three-dimensional structures formed by surface-attached microorganisms and their extracellular products. Biofilms formed by pathogenic microorganisms play an important role in human diseases. Higher resistance to antimicrobial agents and changes in microbial physiology make treating biofilm infections very complex. Atmospheric pressure nonthermal plasmas (NTPs) are a novel and powerful tool for antimicrobial treatment. The microbicidal activity of NTPs has an unspecific character due to the synergetic actions of bioactive components of the plasma torch, including charged particles, reactive species, and UV radiation. This review focuses on specific traits of biofilms, their role in human diseases, and those effects of NTP that are helpful for treating biofilm infections. The authors discuss NTP-based strategies for biofilm control, such as surface modifications to prevent bacterial adhesion, killing bacteria in biofilms, and biofilm destruction with NTPs. The unspecific character of microbicidal activity, proven polymer modification and destruction abilities, low toxicity for human tissues and absence of long-living toxic compounds make NTPs a very promising tool for biofilm prevention and control.
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36
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Proteomic profile of dormancy within Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms using iTRAQ and label-free strategies. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:2751-62. [PMID: 25672847 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6434-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is an important nosocomial bacterium among carriers of indwelling medical devices, since it has a strong ability to form biofilms. The presence of dormant bacteria within a biofilm is one of the factors that contribute to biofilm antibiotic tolerance and immune evasion. Here, we provide a detailed characterization of the quantitative proteomic profile of S. epidermidis biofilms with different proportions of dormant bacteria. A total of 427 and 409 proteins were identified by label-free and label-based quantitative methodologies, respectively. From these, 29 proteins were found to be differentially expressed between S. epidermidis biofilms with prevented and induced dormancy. Proteins overexpressed in S. epidermidis with prevented dormancy were associated with ribosome synthesis pathway, which reflects the metabolic state of dormant bacteria. In the opposite, underexpressed proteins were related to catalytic activity and ion binding, with involvement in purine, arginine, and proline metabolism. Additionally, GTPase activity seems to be enhanced in S. epidermidis biofilm with induced dormancy. The role of magnesium in dormancy modulation was further investigated with bioinformatics tool based in predicted interactions. The main molecular function of proteins, which strongly interact with magnesium, was nucleic acid binding. Different proteomic strategies allowed to obtain similar results and evidenced that prevented dormancy led to an expression of a markedly different repertoire of proteins in comparison to the one of dormant biofilms.
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37
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Different sensitivity levels to norspermidine on biofilm formation in clinical and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. Microb Pathog 2015; 79:8-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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38
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Transfer of plasmid DNA to clinical coagulase-negative staphylococcal pathogens by using a unique bacteriophage. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:2481-8. [PMID: 25616805 DOI: 10.1128/aem.04190-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic manipulation of emerging bacterial pathogens, such as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), is a major hurdle in clinical and basic microbiological research. Strong genetic barriers, such as restriction modification systems or clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), usually interfere with available techniques for DNA transformation and therefore complicate manipulation of CoNS or render it impossible. Thus, current knowledge of pathogenicity and virulence determinants of CoNS is very limited. Here, a rapid, efficient, and highly reliable technique is presented to transfer plasmid DNA essential for genetic engineering to important CoNS pathogens from a unique Staphylococcus aureus strain via a specific S. aureus bacteriophage, Φ187. Even strains refractory to electroporation can be transduced by this technique once donor and recipient strains share similar Φ187 receptor properties. As a proof of principle, this technique was used to delete the alternative transcription factor sigma B (SigB) via allelic replacement in nasal and clinical Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates at high efficiencies. The described approach will allow the genetic manipulation of a wide range of CoNS pathogens and might inspire research activities to manipulate other important pathogens in a similar fashion.
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Lehman MK, Bose JL, Sharma-Kuinkel BK, Moormeier DE, Endres JL, Sadykov MR, Biswas I, Bayles KW. Identification of the amino acids essential for LytSR-mediated signal transduction in Staphylococcus aureus and their roles in biofilm-specific gene expression. Mol Microbiol 2015; 95:723-37. [PMID: 25491472 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that expression of the Staphylococcus aureus lrgAB operon is specifically localized within tower structures during biofilm development. To gain a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying this spatial control of lrgAB expression, we carried out a detailed analysis of the LytSR two-component system. Specifically, a conserved aspartic acid (Asp53) of the LytR response regulator was shown to be the target of phosphorylation, which resulted in enhanced binding to the lrgAB promoter and activation of transcription. In addition, we identified His390 of the LytS histidine kinase as the site of autophosphorylation and Asn394 as a critical amino acid involved in phosphatase activity. Interestingly, LytS-independent activation of LytR was observed during planktonic growth, with acetyl phosphate acting as a phosphodonor to LytR. In contrast, mutations disrupting the function of LytS prevented tower-specific lrgAB expression, providing insight into the physiologic environment within these structures. In addition, overactivation of LytR led to increased lrgAB promoter activity during planktonic and biofilm growth and a change in biofilm morphology. Overall, the results of this study are the first to define the LytSR signal transduction pathway, as well as determine the metabolic context within biofilm tower structures that triggers these signaling events.
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Affiliation(s)
- McKenzie K Lehman
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
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Accumulation-associated protein enhances Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation under dynamic conditions and is required for infection in a rat catheter model. Infect Immun 2014; 83:214-26. [PMID: 25332125 DOI: 10.1128/iai.02177-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is the primary virulence factor of Staphylococcus epidermidis. S. epidermidis biofilms preferentially form on abiotic surfaces and may contain multiple matrix components, including proteins such as accumulation-associated protein (Aap). Following proteolytic cleavage of the A domain, which has been shown to enhance binding to host cells, B domain homotypic interactions support cell accumulation and biofilm formation. To further define the contribution of Aap to biofilm formation and infection, we constructed an aap allelic replacement mutant and an icaADBC aap double mutant. When subjected to fluid shear, strains deficient in Aap production produced significantly less biofilm than Aap-positive strains. To examine the in vivo relevance of our findings, we modified our previously described rat jugular catheter model and validated the importance of immunosuppression and the presence of a foreign body to the establishment of infection. The use of our allelic replacement mutants in the model revealed a significant decrease in bacterial recovery from the catheter and the blood in the absence of Aap, regardless of the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA), a well-characterized, robust matrix molecule. Complementation of the aap mutant with full-length Aap (containing the A domain), but not the B domain alone, increased initial attachment to microtiter plates, as did in trans expression of the A domain in adhesion-deficient Staphylococcus carnosus. These results demonstrate Aap contributes to S. epidermidis infection, which may in part be due to A domain-mediated attachment to abiotic surfaces.
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41
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Extracellular DNA impedes the transport of vancomycin in Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms preexposed to subinhibitory concentrations of vancomycin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2014; 58:7273-82. [PMID: 25267673 DOI: 10.1128/aac.03132-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation is responsible for the persistence of orthopedic implant infections. Previous studies have shown that exposure of S. epidermidis biofilms to sub-MICs of antibiotics induced an increased level of biofilm persistence. BODIPY FL-vancomycin (a fluorescent vancomycin conjugate) and confocal microscopy were used to show that the penetration of vancomycin through sub-MIC-vancomycin-treated S. epidermidis biofilms was impeded compared to that of control, untreated biofilms. Further experiments showed an increase in the extracellular DNA (eDNA) concentration in biofilms preexposed to sub-MIC vancomycin, suggesting a potential role for eDNA in the hindrance of vancomycin activity. Exogenously added, S. epidermidis DNA increased the planktonic vancomycin MIC and protected biofilm cells from lethal vancomycin concentrations. Finally, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) revealed that the binding constant of DNA and vancomycin was 100-fold higher than the previously reported binding constant of vancomycin and its intended cellular d-Ala-d-Ala peptide target. This study provides an explanation of the eDNA-based mechanism of antibiotic tolerance in sub-MIC-vancomycin-treated S. epidermidis biofilms, which might be an important factor for the persistence of biofilm infections.
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Abstract
Bacterial biofilms play an important role in urinary tract infections (UTIs), being responsible for persistence infections causing relapses and acute prostatitis. Bacterial forming biofilm are difficult to eradicate due to the antimicrobial resistant phenotype that this structure confers being combined therapy recommended for the treatment of biofilm-associated infections. However, the presence of persistent cells showing reduced metabolism that leads to higher levels of antimicrobial resistance makes the search for new therapeutic tools necessary. Here, a review of these new therapeutic approaches is provided including catheters coated with hydrogels or antibiotics, nanoparticles, iontophoresis, biofilm enzyme inhibitors, liposomes, bacterial interference, bacteriophages, quorum sensing inhibitors, low-energy surface acoustic waves, and antiadhesion agents. In conclusion, new antimicrobial drugs that inhibit bacterial virulence and biofilm formation are needed.
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Lebeaux D, Chauhan A, Létoffé S, Fischer F, de Reuse H, Beloin C, Ghigo JM. pH-mediated potentiation of aminoglycosides kills bacterial persisters and eradicates in vivo biofilms. J Infect Dis 2014; 210:1357-66. [PMID: 24837402 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiu286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations in treatment of biofilm-associated bacterial infections are often due to subpopulation of persistent bacteria (persisters) tolerant to high concentrations of antibiotics. Based on the increased aminoglycoside efficiency under alkaline conditions, we studied the combination of gentamicin and the clinically compatible basic amino acid L-arginine against planktonic and biofilm bacteria both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS Using Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli bioluminescent strains, we studied the combination of L-arginine and gentamicin against planktonic persisters through time-kill curves of late stationary-phase cultures. In vitro biofilm tolerance towards gentamicin was assessed using PVC 96 well-plates assays. Efficacy of gentamicin as antibiotic lock treatment (ALT) at 5 mg/mL at different pH was evaluated in vivo using a model of totally implantable venous access port (TIVAP) surgically implanted in rats. RESULTS We demonstrated that a combination of gentamicin and the clinically compatible basic amino acid L-arginine increases in vitro planktonic and biofilm susceptibility to gentamicin, with 99% mortality amongst clinically relevant pathogens, i.e. S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa persistent bacteria. Moreover, although gentamicin local treatment alone showed poor efficacy in a clinically relevant in vivo model of catheter-related infection, gentamicin supplemented with L-arginine led to complete, long-lasting eradication of S. aureus and E. coli biofilms, when used locally. CONCLUSION Given that intravenous administration of L-arginine to human patients is well tolerated, combined use of aminoglycoside and the non-toxic adjuvant L-arginine as catheter lock solution could constitute a new option for the eradication of pathogenic biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lebeaux
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics of Biofilms Unit
| | | | | | - Frédéric Fischer
- Department of Microbiology, Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hilde de Reuse
- Department of Microbiology, Helicobacter Pathogenesis Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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You Y, Xue T, Cao L, Zhao L, Sun H, Sun B. Staphylococcus aureus glucose-induced biofilm accessory proteins, GbaAB, influence biofilm formation in a PIA-dependent manner. Int J Med Microbiol 2014; 304:603-12. [PMID: 24836943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are capable of attaching to a biomaterial surface and forming resistant biofilms. The identification of biomolecular and regulatory factors involved in staphylococcal adhesion and biofilm formation is needed to understand biofilm-associated infection in humans. Here, we have identified a new operon, gbaAB (glucose induced biofilm accessory gene), that affects biofilm formation in S. aureus NCTC8325. Real-time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed that GbaA and GbaB are transcribed from the same transcript, and GbaA directly inhibits the transcription of the gbaAB operon through self-repression. Our results indicated that the gbaA mutant displayed enhanced biofilm formation compared with the wild type. However, the gbaB and the gbaAB double mutant displayed reduced biofilm formation, suggesting that the gbaAB operon is involved in biofilm formation and that gbaB might be the key gene in biofilm regulation. Phenotypic analysis suggested that the gbaAB operon mediated biofilm formation of S. aureus at the multicellular aggregation stage rather than during initial attachment. In addition, real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that icaA was upregulated in the gbaA mutant and downregulated in the gbaB and gbaAB mutants compared with the wild type. In addition, the gbaA and the gbaB mutants affected the induction of biofilm formation by glucose. Our results suggest that the gbaAB operon is involved in the regulation of the multicellular aggregation step of S. aureus biofilm formation in response to glucose and that this regulation may be mediated through the ica operon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibo You
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Linyan Cao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Haipeng Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Baolin Sun
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China.
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Lebeaux D, Fernández-Hidalgo N, Chauhan A, Lee S, Ghigo JM, Almirante B, Beloin C. Management of infections related to totally implantable venous-access ports: challenges and perspectives. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2014; 14:146-59. [DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most common cause of primary bacteremia and infections of indwelling medical devices. The ability to cause disease is linked to its natural niche on human skin and ability to attach and form biofilm on foreign bodies. This review focuses on the S. epidermidis clinical syndromes most commonly encountered by clinicians and future potential treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Rupp
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Heim CE, Hanke ML, Kielian T. A mouse model of Staphylococcus catheter-associated biofilm infection. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1106:183-191. [PMID: 24222467 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-736-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are adherent communities of bacteria contained within a complex matrix. Staphylococcal species are frequent etiological agents of device-associated biofilm infections in humans that are highly recalcitrant to antimicrobial therapy and alter host immune responses to facilitate bacterial persistence. Here we describe a mouse model of catheter-associated biofilm infection, which can be utilized to investigate the importance of various staphylococcal determinants on disease progression as well as the host immune response to staphylococcal biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cortney E Heim
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Center for Staphylococcal Research, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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Evaluation of the in vitro activities of ceftobiprole and comparators in staphylococcal colony or microtitre plate biofilm assays. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 43:32-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Revised: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Jorge P, Pereira MO, Lourenc̨o A. Networking the Way towards Antimicrobial Combination Therapies. 8TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY & BIOINFORMATICS (PACBB 2014) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07581-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
Staphylococcus epidermidis is now recognized as the primary cause of nosocomial catheter-mediated infections. Bacteria may be introduced exogenously via contamination of the catheter hub or insertion site and endogenously from sepsis. The in vivo model described in this chapter examines the infection resulting from hematogenous seeding of jugular vein catheters.
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