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Abarova S, Alexova R, Dragomanova S, Solak A, Fagone P, Mangano K, Petralia MC, Nicoletti F, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Geranium sanguineum L. in Viral Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecules 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38275759 PMCID: PMC10812934 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing literature supports the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral capacities of the polyphenol extracts derived from Geranium sanguineum L. These extracts exhibit potential in hindering viral replication by inhibiting enzymes like DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. The antiviral properties of G. sanguineum L. seem to complement its immunomodulatory effects, contributing to infection resolution. While preclinical studies on G. sanguineum L. suggest its potential effectiveness against COVID-19, there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, the polyphenols extracted from this herb warrant further investigation as a potential alternative for preventing and treating COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Abarova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ralitza Alexova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 84A, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd. 53, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
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Mohanty SS, Sahoo CR, Paidesetty SK, Padhy RN. Role of phytocompounds as the potential anti-viral agent: an overview. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2311-2329. [PMID: 37160482 PMCID: PMC10169142 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Viral diseases are the most notorious infective agent(s) causing morbidity and mortality in every nook and corner for ages; viruses are active in host cells, and specific anti-virus medicines' developments remain uncanny. In this century of the biological era, human viruses act predominantly as versatile spreaders. The infection of the present COVID-19 virus is up in the air; blithely, the integument of medicinal chemistry approaches, particularly bioactive derived phytocompounds could be helpful to control those human viruses, recognized in the last 100 years. Indeed, natural products are being used for various therapeutic purposes. The major bioactive phytocompounds are chemically containing coumarin, thiosulfonate, steroid, polysaccharide, tannin, lignin, proanthocyanidin, terpene, quinone, saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid, and polyphenol, that are documented for inhibitory action against several viral infections. Mostly, about 20-30% of plants from tropical or temperate regions are known to have some antiviral activity. This comprehensive analysis of bioactive-derived phytocompounds would represent a significant impact and might be helpful for antiviral research and the current state of viral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sucharita Mohanty
- Department of Medical Oncology, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
- Present Address: Department of Health Research, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Govt. of India, ICMR-Regional Medical Research Centre, 751023 Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Paidesetty
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, IMS & Sum Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to Be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003 Odisha India
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Georgiev YN, Dzhambazov BM, Batsalova TG, Vasicek O, Dobreva LI, Denev PN, Danova ST, Simova SD, Wold CW, Ognyanov MH, Paulsen BS, Krastanov AI. Structural characterization of polysaccharides from Geranium sanguineum L. and their immunomodulatory effects in response to inflammatory agents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 294:115390. [PMID: 35584721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Geranium sanguineum L. is used for treatment of inflammations, anemia, malignant diseases of the blood-forming organs, diarrhea, respiratory infections, etc. Only flavonoids in root extracts have been elucidated as immunostimulating and anti-inflammatory compounds, and polysaccharides in the herb have not been examined. AIM OF THE STUDY to compare the chemical features of polysaccharide complexes (PSCs) from leaves (GSL-PSC) and roots (GSR-PSC) of G. sanguineum, as well as their immunomodulatory activities on leukocytes after inflammation, and effects on the growth of different bacteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS The samples were isolated by water extraction and their structural features were studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. The stimulatory effects of both PSCs on human leukocytes were analyzed with flow cytometry. Their suppressive activities on the oxidative burst in blood and derived neutrophils against opsonized zymosan and phorbol myristate acetate were investigated. The effects of the samples on viability, NO and interleukin 6 (IL-6) syntheses in RAW264.7 cells after inflammation with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were tested. The prebiotic and anti-biofilm activities of the PSCs were evaluated. RESULTS The total carbohydrate content in the samples was significant (73.6-76.8%). GSL-PSC contained pectins, which were rich in homogalacturonan (HG), and smaller amounts of rhamnogalacturonan (RG) type I, decorated by 1,5-α-L-Araf, 1,4- and 1,6-β-D-Galp chains. GSR-PSC contained starch, followed by pectins with lower HG content and more RG-I regions, substituted by 1 → 3,5-α-L-arabinans and 1 → 3,6-β-D-galactans. GSL-PSC and GSR-PSC (200 μg/mL) increased monocyte and granulocyte cell counts, but GSR-PSC also elevated T helper and B cell levels in a normal and activated state. GSR-PSC triggered a dose-dependent (50-200 μg/mL) oxidative burst in blood, but alleviated it after inflammation even in blood-derived neutrophils. It was free of LPS, and activated NO and IL-6 productions in RAW264.7 cells better than GSL-PSC, without affecting their viability. Both PSCs (2.0%, w/v) stimulated probiotic co-cultures between Clostridium beijerinckii strains and Lactobacillus sp. ZK9, and inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans and Salmonella enterica. CONCLUSIONS The PSs in G. sanguineum could be involved in the stimulatory effects on blood-forming organs and anti-inflammatory action of aqueous root extracts in case of infections. These PSs should be included in synbiotic foods to support the treatment of inflammations and infections in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yordan N Georgiev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Balik M Dzhambazov
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Tsvetelina G Batsalova
- Department of Developmental Biology, Plovdiv University Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tsar Assen Str, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Ondrej Vasicek
- Department of Biophysics of Immune System, Institute of Biophysics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 135 Kralovopolska, 612 65 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lili I Dobreva
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Petko N Denev
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetla T Danova
- Department of General Microbiology, The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 26 Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Svetlana D Simova
- Bulgarian NMR Centre, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Str. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.
| | - Christian W Wold
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Manol H Ognyanov
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Substances, Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| | - Berit S Paulsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Albert I Krastanov
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
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Graça VC, Ferreira ICFR, Santos PF. Bioactivity of the Geranium Genus: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1838-1865. [PMID: 31942856 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200114110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants from the Geranium genus, which comprises about 400 species, have been used since ancient times in the practice of traditional medicines throughout the world. Therefore, herbal preparations based on Geranium species have found wide usage for the treatment of a variety of ailments. The aim of this work is to present a review, as comprehensive as possible, of the studies concerning different biological activities of Geranium species. METHODS Relevant data were obtained through systematic computer searches from major reputed scientific databases, particularly Web of Science and Scopus. Occasionally, information issued in primary sources not covered by these databases was also included provided published as peer-reviewed literature. This review covers the literature disclosed till the end of 2018. RESULTS Accompanying the increasing interest in herbal medicines in general, the evaluation of the biological properties of medicinal plants from the Geranium genus has been addressed thoroughly, mostly over the last two decades. Geranium species are endowed with a number of different biological activities. Herein, we present a survey of the results of the studies concerning these different biological activities. CONCLUSION Most studies found in the literature effectively contribute to scientifically validate the beneficial properties of Geranium plants claimed by traditional medicines and medical herbalism and demonstrate that many of them possess evident therapeutic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vânia C Graça
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB) - Vila Real, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.,Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Isabel C F R Ferreira
- Centro de Investigacao de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politecnico de Braganca, Campus de Santa Apolonia, 5300-253 Braganca, Portugal
| | - Paulo F Santos
- Centro de Quimica-Vila Real (CQ-VR), Universidade de Tras-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Bahramsoltani R, Sodagari HR, Farzaei MH, Abdolghaffari AH, Gooshe M, Rezaei N. The preventive and therapeutic potential of natural polyphenols on influenza. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 14:57-80. [PMID: 26567957 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2016.1120670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus belongs to orthomyxoviridae family. This virus is a major public health problems, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Despite a wide range of pharmacotherapeutic choices inhibiting specific sequences of pathological process of influenza, developing more effective therapeutic options is an immediate challenge. In this paper, a comprehensively review of natural polyphenolic products used worldwide for the management of influenza infection is presented. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of the natural polyphenols on influenza infection including suppressing virus replication cycle, viral hemagglutination, viral adhesion and penetration into the host cells, also intracellular transductional signaling pathways have been discussed in detail. Based on cellular, animal, and human evidence obtained from several studies, the current paper demonstrates that natural polyphenolic compounds possess potential effects on both prevention and treatment of influenza, which can be used as adjuvant therapy with conventional chemical drugs for the management of influenza and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Reza Sodagari
- b Young Researchers and Elite Club , Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University , Karaj , Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- c Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran.,d Medical Biology Research Center , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences , Kermanshah , Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Abdolghaffari
- e Medicinal Plants Research Center , Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR , Karaj , Iran.,f International Campus, ICTUMS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Maziar Gooshe
- g Faculty of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- h Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,i Molecular Immunology Research Center and Department of Immunology, School of Medicine , Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran.,j Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN) , Tehran , Iran
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Serkedjieva J, Stefanova T, Krumova E, Tancheva L. Protective Effect of Polyphenol-Rich Extract on Acute Lung Injury in Influenza Virus Infected Mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10817669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Amperometric biosensor based on hemoglobin immobilized on Cu2S nanorods/nafion nanocomposite film for the determination of polyphenols. J Solid State Electrochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-012-1673-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Amperometric biosensor based on tyrosinase immobilized in hydrotalcite-like compounds film for the determination of polyphenols. J Solid State Electrochem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-011-1352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Wu XN, Yu CH, Cai W, Hua J, Li SQ, Wang W. Protective effect of a polyphenolic rich extract from Magnolia officinalis bark on influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 134:191-4. [PMID: 21146600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 11/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Magnolia officinalis bark is used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cough, colds, fever, chronic bronchitis and stomach ailments. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate therapeutic effects of polyphenol rich extract from M. officinalis bark (MPE) in influenza virus A-infected mice, and to provide evidence for the inflammation response and immunomodulatory potential during infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were infected with influenza virus A (IVA) and MPE at doses of 10 and 20mg/kg were orally administrated daily for 5 days after challenge. The levels of serum L-6 and TNF-α were determined by ELISA while protein expressions of NF-κB and TLR3 were detected by western blotting analysis. RESULTS MPE exhibited significant therapeutical effects on reducing levels of serum NO, IL-6 and TNF-α, inhibiting pneumonia, decreasing lung viral titers and sensitizing IVA-induced apoptosis through down-regulation of NF-κB and TLR3 protein expression in the lung tissue of IVA-infected mice. CONCLUSIONS MPE could exhibit preventive and therapeutical effects on IVA-infected mice as a suppressor of the production of inflammatory mediators, NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. These effects appeared to be mediated, at least in part, by an inhibition of TLR3 and NF-κB activation. Therefore, MPE could provide a safe and effective therapeutic approach for influenza and its subsequent viral pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ning Wu
- Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou 310053, China
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Harizi H, Chaabane F, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Inhibition of proinflammatory macrophage responses and lymphocyte proliferation in vitro by ethyl acetate leaf extract from Daphne gnidium. Cell Immunol 2011; 267:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2010.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/28/2010] [Accepted: 12/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Limem I, Harizi H, Ghedira K, Chekir-Ghedira L. Leaf extracts from Phlomis crinita Cav. subs. mauritanica Munby affect immune cell functions in vitro. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2010; 33:309-14. [PMID: 20670123 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2010.504926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts from Phlomis crinita subs. mauritanica Munby were investigated for their potential immunomodulatory activity on mouse lymphocytes and macrophages in vitro. The phagocytic activity of macrophages and the proliferation of lymphocytes in the absence and presence of mitogens (lipopolysaccharide, LPS or lectin) were assayed. Depending on the concentrations, the extracts affect macrophage functions by modulating their lysosomal enzyme activity and nitric oxide release. For lymphocyte proliferation assay, both extracts enhance significantly cell proliferation either with or without mitogen stimulation. These results suggest that leaf extracts from P. crinita subs. mauritanica Munby contain potent components such as flavonoids that potentially may be useful for modulating immune cell functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilef Limem
- Laboratoire de Biologie cellulaire et moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Monastir, Tunisie
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Mukhtar M, Arshad M, Ahmad M, Pomerantz RJ, Wigdahl B, Parveen Z. Antiviral potentials of medicinal plants. Virus Res 2007; 131:111-20. [PMID: 17981353 PMCID: PMC7114233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2007] [Revised: 09/06/2007] [Accepted: 09/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been widely used to treat a variety of infectious and non-infectious ailments. According to one estimate, 25% of the commonly used medicines contain compounds isolated from plants. Several plants could offer a rich reserve for drug discovery of infectious diseases, particularly in an era when the latest separation techniques are available on one hand, and the human population is challenged by a number of emerging infectious diseases on the other hand. Among several other ailments, viral infections, particularly infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and 2 (HIV-2), and newly emerging infectious viruses have challenged mankind survival. Of importance, a variety of medicinal plants have shown promise to treat a number of viral infections, and some of them possess broad-spectrum antiviral activity. In the past, exploration into the antiviral activity of various promising medicinal plants was limited due to: (a) highly infectious nature of viruses and (b) lack of appropriate separation techniques for the identification of antiviral components from plants. Development of vector-based strategies, in which non-infectious molecular clone of a virus could be used for antiviral screening purposes, and advancement in separation technologies offers promise for medicinal plants usage in modern drug discovery. This article describes potential antiviral properties of medicinal plants against a diverse group of viruses, and suggests screening the potential of plants possessing broad-spectrum antiviral effects against emerging viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mukhtar
- University of Arid Agriculture Rawalpindi, Murree Road, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
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Serkedjieva J, Toshkova R, Antonova-Nikolova S, Stefanova T, Teodosieva A, Ivanova I. Effect of a plant polyphenol-rich extract on the lung protease activities of influenza-virus-infected mice. Antivir Chem Chemother 2007; 18:75-82. [PMID: 17542152 DOI: 10.1177/095632020701800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza infection was induced in white mice by intranasal inoculation of the virus A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2). The lung protease and the protease-inhibitory activities were followed for 9 days after infection. The intranasal application of a polyphenol-rich extract (PC) isolated from Geranium sanguineum L. induced a continuous rise in the anti-protease activity but did not cause substantial changes in the lung protease activity of healthy mice. Influenza virus infection triggered a slight reduction in protease activity in the lungs at 5 and 48 h post infection (p.i.) and a marked increase at 24 h and 6 day p.i.. Protease inhibition in the lungs was reduced at 24 and 48 h p.i. and an increase was observed at 5 h and 6 and 9 days p.i.. PC treatment brought both activities to normal levels. The restoration of the examined parameters was consistent with a prolongation of mean survival time and reduction of mortality rate, infectious virus titre and lung consolidation. PC reinstated superoxide production by alveolar macrophages and increased their number in virus-infected mice. The favourable effect on the protease and the protease-inhibitory activities in the lungs of influenza-virus-infected mice apparently contributes to the overall protective effect of PC in the murine experimental influenza A/Aichi infection. The antiviral effect of the individual constituents was evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Serkedjieva
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria.
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