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Al-Hajj S, Lemoine R, Chadet S, Goumard A, Legay L, Roxburgh E, Heraud A, Deluce N, Lamendour L, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Gatault P, Büchler M, Roger S, Halimi JM, Baron C. High extracellular sodium chloride concentrations induce resistance to LPS signal in human dendritic cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 384:104658. [PMID: 36566700 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2022.104658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence showed that in response to elevated sodium dietary intakes, many body tissues retain Na+ ions for long periods of time and can reach concentrations up to 200 mM. This could modulate the immune system and be responsible for several diseases. However, studies brought contrasted results and the effects of external sodium on human dendritic cell (DC) responses to danger signals remain largely unknown. Considering their central role in triggering T cell response, we tested how NaCl-enriched medium influences human DCs properties. We found that DCs submitted to high extracellular Na+ concentrations up to 200 mM remain viable and maintain the expression of specific DC markers, however, their maturation, chemotaxis toward CCL19, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ROS in response to LPS were also partially inhibited. In line with these results, the T-cell allostimulatory capacity of DCs was also inhibited. Finally, our data indicate that high NaCl concentrations triggered the phosphorylation of SGK1 and ERK1/2 kinases. These results raised the possibility that the previously reported pro-inflammatory effects of high NaCl concentrations on T cells might be counterbalanced by a downregulation of DC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Al-Hajj
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Roxane Lemoine
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Stéphanie Chadet
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Annabelle Goumard
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laura Legay
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Ellena Roxburgh
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Audrey Heraud
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Nora Deluce
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Lucille Lamendour
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- U1259 Morphogenesis and Antigenicity of HIV and Hepatitis virus (MAVIVH), University of Tours, Tours, France; IBISA Facility of Electronic Microscopy, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Philippe Gatault
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Mathias Büchler
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sébastien Roger
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-Michel Halimi
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
| | - Christophe Baron
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunology & Inflammation (T2I), University of Tours, Tours, France; Nephrology, Clinical Immunology Department, University Hospital of Tours, Tours, France
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Helmin-Basa A, Wiese-Szadkowska M, Szaflarska-Popławska A, Kłosowski M, Januszewska M, Bodnar M, Marszałek A, Gackowska L, Michalkiewicz J. Relationship between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Plasmacytoid and Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Blood and Gastric Mucosa of Children. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7190596. [PMID: 31827378 PMCID: PMC6885256 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7190596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the frequency and activation status of peripheral plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and myeloid DCs (mDCs) as well as gastric mucosa DC subset distribution in Helicobacter pylori- (H. pylori-) infected and noninfected children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six children were studied; twenty-one had H. pylori. The frequencies of circulating pDCs (lineage-HLA-DR+CD123+) and mDCs (lineage-HLA-DR+CD11c+) and their activation status (CD83, CD86, and HLA-DR expression) were assessed by flow cytometry. Additionally, the densities of CD11c+, CD123+, CD83+, CD86+, and LAMP3+ cells in the gastric mucosa were determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The frequency of circulating CD83+ mDCs was higher in H. pylori-infected children than in the noninfected controls. The pDCs demonstrated upregulated HLA-DR surface expression, but no change in CD86 expression. Additionally, the densities of gastric lamina propria CD11c+ cells and epithelial pDCs were increased. There was a significant association between frequency of circulating CD83+ mDCs and gastric lamina propria mDC infiltration. CONCLUSION This study shows that although H. pylori-infected children had an increased population of mature mDCs bearing CD83 in the peripheral blood, they lack mature CD83+ mDCs in the gastric mucosa, which may promote tolerance to local antigens rather than immunity. In addition, this may reduce excessive inflammatory activity as reported for children compared to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Helmin-Basa
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szaflarska-Popławska
- Department of Pediatric Endoscopy and Gastrointestinal Function Testing, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Maciej Kłosowski
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Milena Januszewska
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bodnar
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
- Department of Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Science, Poznan 61-866, Poland
| | - Andrzej Marszałek
- Chair of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences & Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan 61-866, Poland
| | - Lidia Gackowska
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
| | - Jacek Michalkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Collegium Medicum Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz 85-094, Poland
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Children's Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw 04-730, Poland
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Nico D, Martins Almeida F, Maria Motta J, Soares dos Santos Cardoso F, Freire-de-Lima CG, Freire-de-Lima L, de Luca PM, Maria Blanco Martinez A, Morrot A, Palatnik-de-Sousa CB. NH36 and F3 Antigen-Primed Dendritic Cells Show Preserved Migrating Capabilities and CCR7 Expression and F3 Is Effective in Immunotherapy of Visceral Leishmaniasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:967. [PMID: 29867949 PMCID: PMC5949526 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical contact between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cell lymphocytes is necessary to trigger the immune cell response. CCL19 and CCL21 chemokines bind to the CCR7 receptor of mature DCs, and of T cells and regulate DCs migration to the white pulp (wp) of the spleen, where they encounter lymphocytes. In visceral leishmaniasis (VL), cellular immunosuppression is mediated by impaired DC migration due to the decreased chemokine secretion by endothelium and to the reduced DCs CCR7 expression. The Leishmania (L.) donovani nucleoside hydrolase NH36 and its C-terminal domain, the F3 peptide are prominent antigens in the generation of preventive immunity to VL. We assessed whether these vaccines could prevent the migrating defect of DCs by restoring the expression of CCR7 receptors. C57Bl6 mice were vaccinated with NH36 and F3 and challenged with L. (L.) infantum chagasi. The F3 vaccine induced a 100% of survival and a long-lasting immune protection with an earlier CD4+Th1 response, with secretion of higher IFN-γ and TNF-α/IL-10 ratios, and higher frequencies of CD4+ T cells secreting IL-2+, TNF-α+, or IFN-γ+, or a combination of two or the three cytokines (IL-2+TNF-α+IFN-γ+). The CD8+ T cell response was promoted earlier by the NH36-vaccine, and later by the F3-vaccine. Maximal number of F3-primed DCs migrated in vitro in response to CCL19 and showed a high expression of CCR7 receptors (26.06%). Anti-CCR7 antibody treatment inhibited DCs migration in vitro (90%) and increased parasite load in vivo. When transferred into 28-day-infected mice, only 8% of DCs from infected, 59% of DCs from NH36-vaccinated, and 84% of DCs from F3-vaccinated mice migrated to the wp. Consequently, immunotherapy of infected mice with F3-primed DCs only, promoted increases in corporal weight and reductions of spleen and liver parasite loads and relative weights. Our findings indicate that vaccination with F3-vaccine preserves the maturation, migration properties and CCR7 expression of DCs, which are essential processes for the generation of cell-mediated immunity. The F3 vaccine is more potent in reversing the migration defect that occurs in VL and, therefore, more efficient in immunotherapy of VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirlei Nico
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Martins Almeida
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Graduação de Histologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Maria Motta
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo De Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Programa de Imunobiologia, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Programa de Medicina Regenerativa, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Melo de Luca
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Blanco Martinez
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Anatomia Patológica, HUCFF, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Laboratório de Imunoparasitologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisas em Tuberculose, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Clarisa Beatriz Palatnik-de-Sousa
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Investigação em Imunologia, São Paulo, Brazil
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Talsma DT, Katta K, Boersema M, Adepu S, Naggi A, Torri G, Stegeman C, Navis G, van Goor H, Hillebrands JL, Yazdani S, van den Born J. Increased migration of antigen presenting cells to newly-formed lymphatic vessels in transplanted kidneys by glycol-split heparin. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180206. [PMID: 28665959 PMCID: PMC5493359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic renal transplant dysfunction is characterized by loss of renal function and tissue remodeling, including chronic inflammation and lymph vessel formation. Proteoglycans are known for their chemokine presenting capacity. We hypothesize that interruption of the lymphatic chemokine–proteoglycan interaction interferes with the lymphatic outflow of leukocytes from the renal graft and might decrease the anti-graft allo-immune response. Methods In a rat renal chronic transplant dysfunction model (female Dark-Agouti to male Wistar Furth), chemokines were profiled by qRT-PCR in microdissected tubulo-interstitial tissue. Disruption of lymphatic chemokine–proteoglycan interaction was studied by (non-anticoagulant) heparin-derived polysaccharides in vitro and in renal allografts. The renal allograft function was assessed by rise in plasma creatinine and urea. Results Within newly-formed lymph vessels of transplanted kidneys, numerous CD45+ leukocytes were found, mainly MHCII+, ED-1-, IDO-, HIS14-, CD103- antigen presenting cells, most likely representing a subset of dendritic cells. Treatment of transplanted rats with regular heparin and two different (non-)anticoagulant heparin derivatives revealed worsening of kidney function only in the glycol-split heparin treated group despite a two-fold reduction of tubulo-interstitial leukocytes (p<0.02). Quantitative digital image analysis however revealed increased numbers of intra-lymphatic antigen-presenting cells only in the glycol-split heparin group (p<0.01). The number of intra-lymphatic leukocytes significantly correlates with plasma creatinine and urea, and inversely with creatinine clearance. Conclusions Treatment of transplanted rats with glycol-split heparin significantly increases the number of intra-lymphatic antigen presenting cells, by increased renal diffusion of lymphatic chemokines, thereby increasing the activation and recruitment of antigen presenting cells towards the lymph vessel. This effect is unwanted in the transplantation setting, but might be advantageous in e.g., dendritic cell vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ditmer T. Talsma
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Kirankumar Katta
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Miriam Boersema
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Saritha Adepu
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Coen Stegeman
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Luuk Hillebrands
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Saleh Yazdani
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Jacob van den Born
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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5
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Examining Roles of Glycans in Chemokine-Mediated Dendritic-Endothelial Cell Interactions. Methods Enzymol 2015. [PMID: 26921954 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and chemokines play a critical role in multiple physiological and pathological processes, including tumor metastasis and immune-cell trafficking. During our studies examining the genetic importance of the GAG subtype known as heparan sulfate (HS) on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), we established a repertoire of methods to assess how HS affects chemokine-mediated cell-cell interactions. In this chapter, we describe methods for monitoring migration and adhesion interactions of dendritic cells (DCs), the most potent antigen-presenting cells, with LECs. We will also report a methodology to assess chemokine-receptor interactions while incorporating approaches to target HS in the system. This includes in situ methods to visualize and quantify direct interactions between chemokines and chemokine receptors on DC surfaces, and how targeting HS produced by LECs or even DCs affects these interactions. These methods enable the mechanistic and functional characterization of GAG-chemokine interactions in cell-based studies that model physiologic interactions ex vivo. They may also be used to obtain novel insights into GAG-mediated biological processes.
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6
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Busch B, Weimer R, Woischke C, Fischer W, Haas R. Helicobacter pylori interferes with leukocyte migration via the outer membrane protein HopQ and via CagA translocation. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:355-64. [PMID: 25736449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori is a paradigm for chronic bacterial infections. Persistent colonization of the stomach mucosa is facilitated by several mechanisms of immune evasion and immune modulation, such as avoidance of Toll-like receptor recognition or skewing of effector T cell responses. Interactions of H. pylori with different immune cells have been described with respect to immune cell activation, cytokine release, or oxidative burst induction. We show here that H. pylori infection of human granulocytes, or of HL-60 cells differentiated to a granulocyte-like phenotype (dHL-60 cells) results in inhibition of cell migration under different conditions. Migration of dHL-60 cells in a three-dimensional collagen gel was found to be inhibited independently of the cag pathogenicity island, whereas migration inhibition in an under agarose assay was dependent on the cag pathogenicity island, on its effector protein CagA, and on the outer membrane protein HopQ. CagA translocation into leukocytes is accompanied by its tyrosine phosphorylation and by proteolytic processing into an N-terminal 100 kDa and a C-terminal 35 kDa fragment at a distinct cleavage site. By using complemented H. pylori strains producing either phosphorylation-resistant or cleavage-resistant CagA variants, we show that CagA tyrosine phosphorylation is required for migration inhibition, but CagA processing is not. Our results suggest that direct contact of H. pylori with immune cells subverts not only their activation characteristics, but also their migratory behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Busch
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Ramona Weimer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Christine Woischke
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Fischer
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany.
| | - Rainer Haas
- Max von Pettenkofer-Institut für Hygiene und Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany; German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site München, München, Germany
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7
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8
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Švajger U, Gobec M, Obreza A, Mlinarič-Raščan I. Novel N-amidinopiperidine-based proteasome inhibitor preserves dendritic cell functionality and rescues their Th1-polarizing capacity in Ramos-conditioned tumor environment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:15-27. [PMID: 25253531 PMCID: PMC11029559 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1608-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment represents a burden that hampers the proper activation of immune cells, including the dendritic cells (DCs). It is, therefore, desired that the important characteristics of a given anticancer drug candidate be seen as consisting not solely of its antitumor properties, but that it also lacks potential side effects that could additionally constrain the development and function of immune cells associated with tumor immunity. We have previously identified compounds with a N-amidinopiperidine scaffold that selectively induce apoptosis in Burkitt's lymphoma cells through proteasome inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that SPI-15 affected neither the viability of DCs nor their differentiation. In addition, the compound had no significant effect on their cytokine secretion or allostimulatory capacity. Moreover, DC functionality in the context of tumor microenvironment was also unaffected, as demonstrated by experiments performed on DCs differentiated in Ramos-conditioned media in the presence or absence of SPI-15. The cytokine profile and functional assays revealed that SPI-15 rescues DC differentiation from the immunosuppressive environment produced by Ramos cells; this was seen by their reacquired ability to induce IFN-γ-secretion from naïve CD4(+)CD45RA(+) T cells and the consequently induced Th1-effector differentiation. Herein, we present novel characteristics of an N-amidinopiperidine-based protease inhibitor whose anticancer properties are not associated with the immunosuppression of DCs. We propose future studies toward the design of structurally similar compounds with the aim of developing potent anticancer drugs with minimal negative effects on crucial factors involved in tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urban Švajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Šlajmerjeva 6, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia,
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9
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Secondary lymphoid organ homing phenotype of human myeloid dendritic cells disrupted by an intracellular oral pathogen. Infect Immun 2013; 82:101-11. [PMID: 24126519 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01157-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several intracellular pathogens, including a key etiological agent of chronic periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, infect blood myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs). This infection results in pathogen dissemination to distant inflammatory sites (i.e., pathogen trafficking). The alteration in chemokine-chemokine receptor expression that contributes to this pathogen trafficking function, particularly toward sites of neovascularization in humans, is unclear. To investigate this, we utilized human monocyte-derived DCs (MoDCs) and primary endothelial cells in vitro, combined with ex vivo-isolated blood mDCs and serum from chronic periodontitis subjects and healthy controls. Our results, using conditional fimbria mutants of P. gingivalis, show that P. gingivalis infection of MoDCs induces an angiogenic migratory profile. This profile is enhanced by expression of DC-SIGN on MoDCs and minor mfa-1 fimbriae on P. gingivalis and is evidenced by robust upregulation of CXCR4, but not secondary lymphoid organ (SLO)-homing CCR7. This disruption of SLO-homing capacity in response to respective chemokines closely matches surface expression of CXCR4 and CCR7 and is consistent with directed MoDC migration through an endothelial monolayer. Ex vivo-isolated mDCs from the blood of chronic periodontitis subjects, but not healthy controls, expressed a similar migratory profile; moreover, sera from chronic periodontitis subjects expressed elevated levels of CXCL12. Overall, we conclude that P. gingivalis actively "commandeers" DCs by reprogramming the chemokine receptor profile, thus disrupting SLO homing, while driving migration toward inflammatory vascular sites.
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DC-LAMP+ dendritic cells are recruited to gastric lymphoid follicles in Helicobacter pylori-infected individuals. Infect Immun 2013; 81:3684-92. [PMID: 23876802 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00801-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with Helicobacter pylori is associated with development of ulcer disease and gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma. The infection leads to a large infiltration of immune cells and the formation of organized lymphoid follicles in the human gastric mucosa. Still, the immune system fails to eradicate the bacteria, and the substantial regulatory T cell (Treg) response elicited is probably a major factor permitting bacterial persistence. Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that can activate naive T cells, and maturation of DCs is crucial for the initiation of primary immune responses. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localization of mature human DCs in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa. Gastric antral biopsy specimens were collected from patients with H. pylori-associated gastritis and healthy volunteers, and antrum tissue was collected from patients undergoing gastric resection. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry showed that DCs expressing the maturation marker dendritic cell lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein (DC-LAMP; CD208) are enriched in the H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa and that these DCs are specifically localized within or close to lymphoid follicles. Gastric DC-LAMP-positive (DC-LAMP(+)) DCs express CD11c and high levels of HLA-DR but little CD80, CD83, and CD86. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analyses demonstrated that DC-LAMP(+) DCs are in the same location as FoxP3-positive putative Tregs in the follicles. In conclusion, we show that DC-LAMP(+) DCs with low costimulatory capacity accumulate in the lymphoid follicles in human H. pylori-infected gastric tissue, and our results suggest that Treg-DC interactions may promote chronic infection by rendering gastric DCs tolerogenic.
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11
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Deutsch AJA, Steinbauer E, Hofmann NA, Strunk D, Gerlza T, Beham-Schmid C, Schaider H, Neumeister P. Chemokine receptors in gastric MALT lymphoma: loss of CXCR4 and upregulation of CXCR7 is associated with progression to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Mod Pathol 2013; 26:182-94. [PMID: 22936065 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2012.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine receptors have a crucial role in the development and progression of lymphoid neoplasms. To determine the chemokine receptor expression profile in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, we performed an expression analysis of 19 chemokine receptors at mRNA levels by using real-time RT-PCR, as well as of five chemokine receptors--CCR8, CCR9, CXCR4, CXCR6 and CXCR7--by immunohistochemistry on human tissue samples of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis, gastric MALT lymphoma and gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma originating from MALT lymphoma (transformed MALT lymphoma). Following malignant transformation from H. pylori-associated gastritis to MALT lymphoma, an upregulation of CCR7, CXCR3 and CXCR7, and a loss of CXCR4 were detected. The transformation of gastric MALT lymphomas to gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was accompanied by upregulation of CCR1, CCR5, CCR7, CCR8, CCR9, CXCR3, CXCR6, CXCR7 and XCR1. Remarkably, CXCR4 expression was exclusively found in nodal marginal B-cell lymphomas and nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas but not at extranodal manifestation sites, ie, in gastric MALT lymphomas or gastric extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, the incidence of bone marrow infiltration (16/51 with bone marrow involvement vs 35/51 with bone marrow involvement; Spearman ρ=0467 P<0.001) positively correlated with CXCR4 expression. CXCL12, the ligand of CXCR4 and CXCR7, was expressed by epithelial, endothelial and inflammatory cells, MALT lymphoma cells and was most strongly expressed by extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cells, suggesting at least in part an autocrine signaling pathway. Our data indicate that CXCR4 expression is associated with nodal manifestation and a more advanced stage of lymphomas and hence, might serve as useful clinical prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J A Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Fehlings M, Drobbe L, Moos V, Renner Viveros P, Hagen J, Beigier-Bompadre M, Pang E, Belogolova E, Churin Y, Schneider T, Meyer TF, Aebischer T, Ignatius R. Comparative analysis of the interaction of Helicobacter pylori with human dendritic cells, macrophages, and monocytes. Infect Immun 2012; 80:2724-34. [PMID: 22615251 PMCID: PMC3434561 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00381-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori may cause chronic gastritis, gastric cancer, or lymphoma. Myeloid antigen-presenting cells (APCs) are most likely involved in the induction and expression of the underlying inflammatory responses. To study the interaction of human APC subsets with H. pylori, we infected monocytes, monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and monocyte-derived (classically activated; M1) macrophages with H. pylori and analyzed phenotypic alterations, cytokine secretion, phagocytosis, and immunostimulation. Since we detected CD163(+) (alternatively activated; M2) macrophages in gastric biopsy specimens from H. pylori-positive patients, we also included monocyte-derived M2 macrophages in the study. Upon H. pylori infection, monocytes secreted interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, and IL-12p40 (partially secreted as IL-23) but not IL-12p70. Infected DCs became activated, as shown by the enhanced expression of CD25, CD80, CD83, PDL-1, and CCR7, and secreted IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, and IL-23. However, infection led to significantly downregulated CD209 and suppressed the constitutive secretion of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). H. pylori-infected M1 macrophages upregulated CD14 and CD32, downregulated CD11b and HLA-DR, and secreted mainly IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-23. Activation of DCs and M1 macrophages correlated with increased capacity to induce T-cell proliferation and decreased phagocytosis of dextran. M2 macrophages upregulated CD14 and CD206 and secreted IL-10 but produced less of the proinflammatory cytokines than M1 macrophages. Thus, H. pylori affects the functions of human APC subsets differently, which may influence the course and the outcome of H. pylori infection. The suppression of MIF in DCs constitutes a novel immune evasion mechanism exploited by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fehlings
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Drobbe
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Medical Clinic I, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Renner Viveros
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Hagen
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ervinna Pang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Belogolova
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuri Churin
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Medical Clinic I, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Toni Aebischer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
- Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Ignatius
- Institute of Tropical Medicine and International Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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13
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Immortalized clones of fibroblastic reticular cells activate virus-specific T cells during virus infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:7823-8. [PMID: 22550183 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205850109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs) are lymphoid stromal cells essential to T-cell migration and survival. Although FRCs are targets of multiple viral infections, little is known about their role during infection due to the cells' scarcity and difficulty in isolating in vivo. To initiate studies of interactions among FRCs, viruses, and immune cells, we isolated and immortalized CD45(-)gp38(+)CD35(-)CD31(-)CD44(+)VCAM1(+) cell lines from C57BL/6 mice designated as immortalized FRC. Using these cloned cell lines, we have established that FRCs express the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecule, a factor necessary for stimulation of CD4(+) T cells thought to be expressed primarily by antigen-presenting cells, along with other T-cell stimulatory ligands in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. In this environment, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-infected iFRCs activated naive LCMV-specific CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells while limiting expansion of effector LCMV-specific T cells. Thus, FRCs effectively presented antigen along with activating signals during viral infection using both MHC I and MHC II molecules, illustrating a previously undescribed interaction with CD4(+) T cells and indicating a unique role for FRCs.
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14
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Saito A, Yokohama A, Osaki Y, Ogawa Y, Nakahashi H, Toyama K, Mitsui T, Hashimoto Y, Koiso H, Uchiumi H, Saitoh T, Handa H, Sawamura M, Karasawa M, Murakami H, Tsukamoto N, Nojima Y. Circulating plasmacytoid dendritic cells in patients with primary and Helicobacter pylori-associated immune thrombocytopenia. Eur J Haematol 2012; 88:340-9. [PMID: 22221143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01745.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of autoreactive antibodies against platelet antigens. Although dysfunction of multiple aspects of cellular immunity is considered to be important in the pathogenesis of ITP, it has not been clarified which cell types play a principal role. METHODS We enrolled 46 untreated patients with chronic ITP and 47 healthy adult volunteers, and investigated by flow cytometry the percentage and absolute number of cells in their peripheral blood that participate in the regulation of cellular immunity. These included plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs), natural killer (NK) cells, natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T (Treg) cells, and Th17 cells. RESULTS We found a significant reduction in the absolute number of pDCs, but not of mDCs, in patients with ITP when compared with healthy controls (P < 0.001). Reduced numbers of circulating pDCs were observed in both Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-positive and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative patients with ITP. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the numbers of circulating Treg cells, Th17 cells, NK cells, or NKT cells. Interestingly, we observed increases in the number of pDCs after H. pylori eradication by antibiotics in responders but not in non-responders, while pDCs and mDCs decreased markedly after prednisolone therapy in both responders and non-responders. In patients without treatment, low pDC numbers persisted during the observational period. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that the number of circulating pDCs is low in patients with primary and H. pylori-associated ITP and that it changes depending on treatment modality. Further investigation is warranted with regard to the role of pDCs in the immunopathogenesis of ITP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Saito
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma
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15
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Flach CF, Mozer M, Sundquist M, Holmgren J, Raghavan S. Mucosal vaccination increases local chemokine production attracting immune cells to the stomach mucosa of Helicobacter pylori infected mice. Vaccine 2012; 30:1636-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.12.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/22/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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16
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Andres S, Schmidt HMA, Mitchell H, Rhen M, Maeurer M, Engstrand L. Helicobacter pylori defines local immune response through interaction with dendritic cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 61:168-78. [PMID: 21175878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00761.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human gastric and duodenal mucosa, evades clearance by the host response and is associated with peptic ulcer disease and an increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma. Dendritic cells (DCs) are initiators of the immune response to H. pylori. The aim of the current study was to investigate the interaction between H. pylori with DCs. To determine the impact of H. pylori on the maturation and the activation of monocyte-derived DCs, the effect of 20 clinical H. pylori strains with different inflammatory backgrounds on adenocarcinoma gastric epithelial cells was investigated. The inflammatory background was defined according to the degree of lymphocyte and granulocyte infiltration and the bacterial density at the site of infection. DC maturation and activation varied after exposure to the different strains. While maturation appeared to be independent of any virulence factor tested, a significant increase in the average level of cytokine production was observed for the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumour necrosis factor-α, IL-6 and IL-1β when comparing strains with low inflammatory backgrounds with those of the medium or high backgrounds. In conclusion, the DC response towards different strains in vitro was associated with the clinical outcome of the individual host, suggesting a major role of this cell type in modulating strain-specific H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sönke Andres
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Sundquist M, Quiding-Järbrink M. Helicobacter pylori and its effect on innate and adaptive immunity: new insights and vaccination strategies. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 4:733-44. [PMID: 21108593 DOI: 10.1586/egh.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori invariably leads to active chronic gastritis, and is strongly correlated to peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The infection leads to local accumulation of inflammatory cells and strong activation of B- and T-cell immunity. Still, the immune response can not eliminate the bacteria, and unless antibiotic treatment is used, the infection is usually lifelong. During the last few years, several immunomodulatory properties of H. pylori have been described, which probably contribute to the inability of the immune system to eradicate the bacterium. Another factor promoting bacterial persistence is probably the induction of a substantial regulatory T-cell response by the infection. Several different immunization schedules have resulted in protective immunity in animal models, while in humans no reliable vaccine is available as yet. In this article, we describe the innate and adaptive immune responses to H. pylori, and the attempts to create an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Sundquist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 435, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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18
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Quiding-Järbrink M, Raghavan S, Sundquist M. Enhanced M1 macrophage polarization in human helicobacter pylori-associated atrophic gastritis and in vaccinated mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e15018. [PMID: 21124899 PMCID: PMC2990716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0015018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection with Helicobacter pylori triggers a chronic gastric inflammation that can progress to atrophy and gastric adenocarcinoma. Polarization of macrophages is a characteristic of both cancer and infection, and may promote progression or resolution of disease. However, the role of macrophages and their polarization during H. pylori infection has not been well defined. Methodology/Principal Findings By using a mouse model of infection and gastric biopsies from 29 individuals, we have analyzed macrophage recruitment and polarization during H. pylori infection by flow cytometry and real-time PCR. We found a sequential recruitment of neutrophils, eosinophils and macrophages to the gastric mucosa of infected mice. Gene expression analysis of stomach tissue and sorted macrophages revealed that gastric macrophages were polarized to M1 after H. pylori infection, and this process was substantially accelerated by prior vaccination. Human H. pylori infection was characterized by a mixed M1/M2 polarization of macrophages. However, in H. pylori-associated atrophic gastritis, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase was markedly increased compared to uncomplicated gastritis, indicative of an enhanced M1 macrophage polarization in this pre-malignant lesion. Conclusions/Significance These results show that vaccination of mice against H. pylori amplifies M1 polarization of gastric macrophages, and that a similar enhanced M1 polarization is present in human H. pylori-induced atrophic gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sukanya Raghavan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Sundquist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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19
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Upper gastrointestinal carcinogenesis: H. pylori and stem cell cross-talk. J Surg Res 2010; 166:255-64. [PMID: 20452613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2010.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the gastric epithelium has been associated with the pathogenesis of gastric cancer, as it was postulated by Corea's model of gastric carcinogenesis. Helicobacter pylori (Hp) regulates this inflammatory process and promotes gastric carcinogenesis through induction of gene mutations and protein modulation. Recent data raise the cancer stem cell hypothesis, which implies a central role of multipotent cancer cells in oncogenesis of various solid tumors. This review provides a synopsis of gastric cancer initiation and promotion through Hp and stem cell signaling pathways. The expanding research field of Hp-related cancer stem cell biology may offer novel implications for future treatment of upper gastrointestinal cancer.
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20
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Xin HM, Peng YZ, Yuan ZQ, Guo H. In vitro maturation and migration of immature dendritic cells after chemokine receptor 7 transfection. Can J Microbiol 2009; 55:859-66. [PMID: 19767858 DOI: 10.1139/w09-041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells are specialized antigen-presenting cells that regulate immunity and tolerance. Chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7), which is expressed by mature dendritic cells, mediates the migration of the cells to secondary lymphoid organs and thus regulates immune responses. It has been demonstrated that immature dendritic cells can induce immune tolerance, but they do not express CCR7 and cannot migrate to secondary lymphoid organs. We transfected immature dendritic cells with a recombinant adenovirus carrying the CCR7 gene to obtain immature dendritic cells with the ability to migrate. The maturity of the cells was monitored by scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry. In addition, we assessed the ability of cells to migrate and the function of the cells using in vitro chemotactic and mixed leukocyte reaction assays. The results showed that immature dendritic cells became semi-mature, exhibiting a mild upregulation of co-stimulatory molecular expression and a few dendritic processes. Immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting indicated that CCR7 protein expression increased significantly in immature dendritic cells following CCR7 gene transfection. The in vitro chemotactic assay showed a significantly enhanced ability to migrate in response to CCL19 following CCR7 gene transfection. Moreover, transfected cells showed an enhanced ability to stimulate allogeneic T cell proliferation in vitro, but their ability was significantly weaker than that of mature dendritic cells. Interleukin-10 inhibited the differentiation and maturation of immature dendritic cells. It is concluded that, following CCR7 gene transfection, immature dendritic cells exhibit an enhanced ability to migrate and some of the characteristics of mature cells. Thus, these cells are of potential clinical significance in studies of immune tolerance induction during skin grafting after severe burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-ming Xin
- Institute of Burn Research, Southwest Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing 400038, China
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21
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Yoshida A, Isomoto H, Hisatsune J, Nakayama M, Nakashima Y, Matsushima K, Mizuta Y, Hayashi T, Yamaoka Y, Azuma T, Moss J, Hirayama T, Kohno S. Enhanced expression of CCL20 in human Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Clin Immunol 2009; 130:290-7. [PMID: 19006683 PMCID: PMC3404125 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) attracts CC chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6)-expressing cells. Using endoscopic biopsies taken from the gastric antrum of 42 subjects infected with H. pylori and 42 uninfected subjects, mucosal CCL20 mRNA and protein levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. CCL19 mRNA and protein levels, as well as CCL21 mRNA levels, were also measured. The CCL20 mRNA and protein levels were significantly elevated in H. pylori-positive patients and substantially decreased after successful eradication. CCL19 and CCL21 expression levels were comparable in the H. pylori-infected and the uninfected groups. The CCL20 concentrations correlated with the degree of chronic gastritis. Immunohistochemistry and the in vitro infection assay showed that CCL20 was principally produced by the gastric epithelium. CCR6-expressing cells, including CD45RO(+) memory T lymphocytes and fascin(+)-CD1a(+) immature dendritic cells, infiltrated close to the CCL20-expressing epithelial cells. The CCL20/CCR6 interaction may be involved in the development of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yoshida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Junzo Hisatsune
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yujiro Nakashima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsushima
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Mizuta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Tomayoshi Hayashi
- Department of Pathology, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Medicine-Gastroenterology, Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Takeshi Azuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Translational Medicine Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshiya Hirayama
- Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kohno
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
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22
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Yang M, Ma C, Liu S, Sun J, Shao Q, Gao W, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xie Q, Dong Z, Qu X. Hypoxia skews dendritic cells to a T helper type 2-stimulating phenotype and promotes tumour cell migration by dendritic cell-derived osteopontin. Immunology 2008; 128:e237-49. [PMID: 19740309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well recognized that tissue microenvironments are involved in regulating the development and function of dendritic cells (DC). Oxygen supply, which varies in different tissues, has been accepted as an important microenvironmental factor in regulating the biological functions of several immune cells and as being involved in tumour progression and metastasis. However, little is known about the effect of hypoxia on the biological functions of DC and the effect of these hypoxia-conditioned DC on tumour metastasis. In this study, we analysed the transcriptional profiles of human monocyte-derived immature DC (imDC) and mature DC (mDC) cultured under normoxia and hypoxia by microarray, and found a body of potential targets regulating the functions of DC during hypoxia. In addition, the phagocytic ability of hypoxic imDC markedly decreased compared with that of normoxic imDC. Importantly, hypoxic DC poorly induced the proliferation of allogeneic T cells, but polarized allogeneic CD4(+) naive T cells into a T helper type 2 (Th2) response. Moreover, hypoxic DC secreted large amounts of osteopontin, which were responsible for the enhanced migration of tumour cells. Therefore, our study provides new insights into the biological functions of DC under hypoxic conditions and one of mechanisms underlying tumour immune escape during hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meixiang Yang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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23
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Galamb O, Gyõrffy B, Sipos F, Dinya E, Krenács T, Berczi L, Szõke D, Spisák S, Solymosi N, Németh AM, Juhász M, Molnár B, Tulassay Z. Helicobacter pylori and antrum erosion-specific gene expression patterns: the discriminative role of CXCL13 and VCAM1 transcripts. Helicobacter 2008; 13:112-26. [PMID: 18321301 DOI: 10.1111/j.1523-5378.2008.00584.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection affects approximately half of the world, leads to chronic gastritis and peptic ulceration, and is linked to gastric carcinoma. Our aims were to compare the gene expression profile (GEP) of H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric erosions and adjacent mucosa to explain the possible role and response to H. pylori infection and to get erosion-related mRNA expression patterns. METHODS Total RNA was extracted, amplified, and biotinylated from gastric biopsies of patients with H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative antrum erosions (ER) (8/8) and adjacent macroscopically normal mucosae (8/8). The GEP was evaluated using HGU133plus2.0 microarrays. Two independent normalizations (MAS5.0, RMA), PAM feature selection, hierarchical cluster analysis, and discriminant analysis were done. The expression of 14 genes was also measured by real-time-polymerase chain reaction. VCAM-1 and CXCL13 immunohistochemistry (IHC) was done. RESULTS In H. pylori infection, significant overexpression of MHC class II antigen-presenting genes, interleukin-7 receptor, ubiquitin-D, CXCR4, lactoferrin immune response-related genes, CXCL-2 and -13, CCL18 chemokine ligand, and VCAM-1 genes were established. In erosive gastritis, increased proliferation (MET) and transport (UCP2, SCFD1, KPNA4) were found, while genes associated with adhesion (SIGLEC11), transcription regulation (ESRRG), and electron and ion transport (ACADM, CLIC6) were down-regulated. Discriminant analysis successfully classified all samples into four groups (HP+ER-, HP+ER+, HP-ER+, HP-ER-) using a reduced gene set (20). Significant overexpression of VCAM-1 and CXC13 protein was detected by IHC in HP+ samples (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS Whole genomic microarray analysis yielded new H. pylori infection and erosion-related gene expression changes. Discriminative genes can be used in mRNA-based diagnostic classification of gastric biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Bielecki B, Mazurek A, Wolinski P, Glabinski A. Expression of chemokine receptors CCR7 and CCR8 in the CNS during ChREAE. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:383-92. [PMID: 17850582 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01954.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors are important players in organism homeostasis, development and immune response to inflammatory stimuli. It has been recently confirmed that they are also involved in the development of several autoimmune diseases. In this study, we analysed the expression of two recently identified CC chemokine receptors, CCR7 and CCR8, in the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues during chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (ChREAE) -- an animal model of the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis (MS). We observed upregulation of both chemokine receptors in the CNS during the first and second attacks of ChREAE, whereas disease remission was characterized by a lower expression of those receptors. An analysis of the kinetics of CCR7 and CCR8 expression in the CNS during the first attack of the disease showed a constant increase in the first few days after the onset of clinical signs. This expression correlated with the clinical severity of ChREAE. CCR7-positive mononuclear cells were detected mostly in perivascular inflammatory cuffs in the CNS. In peripheral tissues (the spleen and kidneys) expression of both receptors was not upregulated during active ChREAE. These findings suggest that CCR7 and CCR8 may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of EAE and probably MS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Brain/immunology
- Central Nervous System/immunology
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/genetics
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Female
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Immunohistochemistry
- Mice
- Multiple Sclerosis/genetics
- Multiple Sclerosis/immunology
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, CCR8
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/immunology
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Statistics, Nonparametric
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bielecki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Neurology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Svennerholm AM, Lundgren A. Progress in vaccine development against Helicobacter pylori. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 50:146-56. [PMID: 17442014 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-695x.2007.00237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Based on the very high prevalence of diseases caused by Helicobacter pylori, particularly in the developing world, and the rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates, there is a strong rationale for an effective vaccine against H. pylori. In this review we describe recent promising candidate vaccines and prophylactic or therapeutic immunization strategies for use against H. pylori, as well as studies to identify immune responses that are related to protection in experimental animals. We also describe identification of different types of immune responses that may be related to protection against symptoms based on comparisons of H. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcers or gastric cancer and asymptomatic carriers. We conclude that there is still a strong need to clarify the main protective immune mechanisms against H. pylori as well as to identify a cocktail of strong protective antigens, or recombinant bacterial strains that express such antigens, that could be administered by a regimen that gives rise to effective immune responses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Mari Svennerholm
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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26
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Zozulya AL, Reinke EK, Ling C, Sandor M, Fabry Z. Dendritic cells in the CNS: immune regulators and therapeutic targets for multiple sclerosis treatment. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.2217/14796708.2.1.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are essential antigen-presenting cells responsible for initiating cellular immune responses. The increasing interest in the mechanisms of DC trafficking has created new and exciting opportunities for bench-to-bedside therapies to treat autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). However, tracking the migration of DCs in the CNS has proved to be more problematic owing to their low number in the immunologically privileged environment of the brain and high diversity as a cell population. A significant contributor to immune privilege in the brain is the blood–brain barrier, a unique structure recognized to regulate the entry of immune cells into the brain. Currently, it is hypothesized that the migration of DCs across the blood–brain barrier is critically important for the initiation of immune responses of CNS autoimmunity. This review summarizes the present knowledge on DC trafficking in the CNS and the main functions of these cells in initiating CNS autoimmunity. Selective identification of regulatory molecules and novel therapies to inhibit DC migration and function during CNS autoimmune diseases without affecting normal DC function under physiological conditions will be critical in treatments for neurological inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla L Zozulya
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathology, 1300 University Avenue, 6130 MSC, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Emily K Reinke
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathology, 1300 University Avenue, 6130 MSC, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Changying Ling
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathology, 1300 University Avenue, 6130 MSC, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Matyas Sandor
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Pathology, 1300 University Avenue, 6130 MSC, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Fabry
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, 1300 University Avenue, 6130 MSC, Madison WI 53706, USA
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McCandless EE, Wang Q, Woerner BM, Harper JM, Klein RS. CXCL12 Limits Inflammation by Localizing Mononuclear Infiltrates to the Perivascular Space during Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 177:8053-64. [PMID: 17114479 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.11.8053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in the CNS begins with the movement of leukocytes across the blood-brain barrier in a multistep process that requires cells to pass through a perivascular space before entering the parenchyma. The molecular mechanisms that orchestrate this movement are not known. The chemokine CXCL12 is highly expressed throughout the CNS by microendothelial cells under normal conditions, suggesting it might play a role maintaining the blood-brain barrier. We tested this hypothesis in the setting of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) by using AMD3100, a specific antagonist of the CXCL12 receptor CXCR4. We demonstrate that the loss of CXCR4 activation enhances the migration of infiltrating leukocytes into the CNS parenchyma. CXCL12 is expressed at the basolateral surface of CNS endothelial cells in normal spinal cord and at the onset of EAE. This polarity is lost in vessels associated with an extensive parenchymal invasion of mononuclear cells during the peak of disease. Inhibition of CXCR4 activation during the induction of EAE leads to loss of the typical intense perivascular cuffs, which are replaced with widespread white matter infiltration of mononuclear cells, worsening the clinical severity of the disease and increasing inflammation. Taken together, these data suggest a novel anti-inflammatory role for CXCL12 during EAE in that it functions to localize CXCR4-expressing mononuclear cells to the perivascular space, thereby limiting the parenchymal infiltration of autoreactive effector cells.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blood-Brain Barrier/immunology
- Blood-Brain Barrier/metabolism
- Brain/blood supply
- Brain/immunology
- Brain/pathology
- Capillary Permeability/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/immunology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Immunohistochemistry
- Inflammation/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Spinal Cord/blood supply
- Spinal Cord/immunology
- Spinal Cord/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E McCandless
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Velan B, Bar-Haim E, Zauberman A, Mamroud E, Shafferman A, Cohen S. Discordance in the effects of Yersinia pestis on the dendritic cell functions manifested by induction of maturation and paralysis of migration. Infect Immun 2006; 74:6365-76. [PMID: 16923789 PMCID: PMC1695518 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00974-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The encounter between invading microorganisms and dendritic cells (DC) triggers a series of events which include uptake and degradation of the microorganism, induction of a maturation process, and enhancement of DC migration to the draining lymph nodes. Various pathogens have developed strategies to counteract these events as a measure to evade the host defense. In the present study we found that interaction of the Yersinia pestis EV76 strain with DC has no effect on cell viability and is characterized by compliance with effective maturation, which is manifested by surface display of major histocompatibility complex class II, of costimulatory markers, and of the chemokine receptor CCR7. This is in contrast to maturation inhibition and cell death induction exerted by the related species Yersinia enterocolitica WA O:8. Y. pestis interactions with DC were found, however, to impair functions related to cytoskeleton rearrangement. DC pulsed with Y. pestis failed to adhere to solid surfaces and to migrate toward the chemokine CCL19 in an in vitro transmembrane assay. Both effects were dependent on the presence of the pCD1 virulence plasmid and on a bacterial growth shift to 37 degrees C prior to infection. Moreover, while instillation of a pCD1-cured Y. pestis strain into mouse airways triggered effective transport of alveolar DC to the mediastinal lymph node, instillation of Y. pestis harboring the plasmid failed to do so. Taken together, these results suggest that virulence plasmid-dependent impairment of DC migration is the major mechanism utilized by Y. pestis to subvert DC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Velan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, P.O. Box 19, Ness-Ziona 74100, Israel.
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