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Révész C, Kaucsár T, Godó M, Bocskai K, Krenács T, Mócsai A, Szénási G, Hamar P. Neutrophils and NADPH Oxidases Are Major Contributors to Mild but Not Severe Ischemic Acute Kidney Injury in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2948. [PMID: 38474193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of free radical-generating NADPH oxidases (NOX), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and neutrophil infiltration-induced, NOX2-mediated respiratory burst contribute to renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), but their roles may depend on the severity of IRI. We investigated the role of NOX, XOR, and neutrophils in developing IRI of various severities. C57BL/6 and Mcl-1ΔMyelo neutrophil-deficient mice were used. Oxidases were silenced by RNA interference (RNAi) or pharmacologically inhibited. Kidney function, morphology, immunohistochemistry and mRNA expression were assessed. After reperfusion, the expression of NOX enzymes and XOR increased until 6 h and from 15 h, respectively, while neutrophil infiltration was prominent from 3 h. NOX4 and XOR silencing or pharmacological XOR inhibition did not protect the kidney from IRI. Attenuation of NOX enzyme-induced oxidative stress by apocynin and neutrophil deficiency improved kidney function and ameliorated morphological damage after mild but not moderate/severe IRI. The IR-induced postischemic renal functional impairment (BUN, Lcn-2), tubular necrosis score, inflammation (TNF-α, F4/80), and decreases in the antioxidant enzyme (GPx3) mRNA expression were attenuated by both apocynin and neutrophil deficiency. Inhibition of NOX enzyme-induced oxidative stress or the lack of infiltration by NOX2-expressing neutrophils can attenuate reperfusion injury after mild but not moderate/severe renal IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Révész
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Godó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bocskai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Mócsai
- Department of Physiology, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary
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2
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Almási S, Nagy Á, Krenács T, Lantos T, Zombori T, Cserni G. The prognostic value of stem cell markers in triple-negative breast cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611365. [PMID: 38188613 PMCID: PMC10766821 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Among the many consecutive theories of cancer, the stem cell theory is currently the most accepted one. Cancer stem cells are located in small niches with specific environment, renew themselves and are believed to be responsible for many recurrences. They can be highlighted with stem cell markers, but often these markers also label tumor cells, and this may represent a phenotypical change associated with prognosis. In this study, we attempted to match tumor outcomes with the expression of the following stem cell markers: ALDH1, AnnexinA1, CD44, CD117, CD166, Nanog and oct-4. Tissue microarray blocks from triple-negative breast cancers were immunostained for the listed markers, and their expression by the majority of tumor cells (diffuse positivity) was correlated with prognosis. Of the 106 tumors investigated, diffuse positivity was seen in 7 (ALDH1), 33 (AnnexinA1), 53 (CD44), 44 (CD117 membranous only), 49 (CD117), 72 (CD166), 19 (Nanog), and 11 (oct-4) cases. With a median follow-up of 83 months, ALDH1 and CD117 expression was associated with DFS, whereas CD44, CD117 and CD166 were associated with OS estimates, based on Kaplan-Meier analyses. In the multivariate Cox proportional hazard models (including the examined markers and clinicopathological data which had a statistical impact in the univariate analysis), the pN category and the lack of ALDH1 expression were independent prognosticators for DFS, and the pN category and diffuse CD44 staining were independent prognosticators for OS. In the multivariate analysis including all of the examined clinicopathological data and markers, only CD117 showed a statistical impact on OS. We failed to demonstrate a prognostic impact for most stem cell markers tested in triple-negative breast cancer, but lack of ALDH1 staining and CD44 expression appears as of prognostic value, requiring further examination in independent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szintia Almási
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Nagy
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Lantos
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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3
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Sárközy M, Watzinger S, Kovács ZZ, Acar E, Márványkövi F, Szűcs G, Lauber GY, Galla Z, Siska A, Földesi I, Fintha A, Kriston A, Kovács F, Horváth P, Kővári B, Cserni G, Krenács T, Szabó PL, Szabó GT, Monostori P, Zins K, Abraham D, Csont T, Pokreisz P, Podesser BK, Kiss A. Neuregulin-1β Improves Uremic Cardiomyopathy and Renal Dysfunction in Rats. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2023; 8:1160-1176. [PMID: 37791301 PMCID: PMC10543921 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is a global health problem affecting 10% to 12% of the population. Uremic cardiomyopathy is often characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy, fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction. Dysregulation of neuregulin-1β signaling in the heart is a known contributor to heart failure. The systemically administered recombinant human neuregulin-1β for 10 days in our 5/6 nephrectomy-induced model of chronic kidney disease alleviated the progression of uremic cardiomyopathy and kidney dysfunction in type 4 cardiorenal syndrome. The currently presented positive preclinical data warrant clinical studies to confirm the beneficial effects of recombinant human neuregulin-1β in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Simon Watzinger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsuzsanna Z.A. Kovács
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eylem Acar
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Fanni Márványkövi
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gergő Szűcs
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gülsüm Yilmaz Lauber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zsolt Galla
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Siska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Imre Földesi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Fintha
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Kriston
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ferenc Kovács
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Péter Horváth
- Synthetic and Systems Biology Unit, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Szeged, Hungary
- Single-Cell Technologies Ltd, Szeged, Hungary
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bence Kővári
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petra Lujza Szabó
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gábor Tamás Szabó
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Péter Monostori
- Metabolic and Newborn Screening Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Karin Zins
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Abraham
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tamás Csont
- MEDICS Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Interdisciplinary Center of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Peter Pokreisz
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bruno K. Podesser
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Attila Kiss
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research at Center for Biomedical Research and Translational Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Gurbi B, Brauswetter D, Pénzes K, Varga A, Krenács T, Dános K, Birtalan E, Tamás L, Csala M. MEK Is a Potential Indirect Target in Subtypes of Head and Neck Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032782. [PMID: 36769112 PMCID: PMC9917750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is partly due to the lack of reliable prognostic and predictive markers. The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway is often activated by overexpressed epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and stimulates the progression of HNSCCs. Our research was performed on three human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative HNSCC-cell lines: Detroit 562, FaDu and SCC25. Changes in cell viability upon EGFR and/or MEK inhibitors were measured by the MTT method. The protein-expression and phosphorylation profiles of the EGFR-initiated signaling pathways were assessed using Western-blot analysis. The EGFR expression and pY1068-EGFR levels were also studied in the patient-derived HNSCC samples. We found significant differences between the sensitivity of the tumor-cell lines used. The SCC25 line was found to be the most sensitive to the MEK inhibitors, possibly due to the lack of feedback Akt activation through EGFR. By contrast, this feedback activation had an important role in the FaDu cells. The observed insensitivity of the Detroit 562 cells to the MEK inhibitors might have been caused by their PIK3CA mutation. Among HNSCC cell lines, EGFR-initiated signaling pathways are particularly versatile. An ERK/EGFR feedback loop can lead to Akt-pathway activation upon MEK inhibition, and it is related not only to increased amounts of EGFR but also to the elevation of pY1068-EGFR levels. The presence of this mechanism may justify the combined application of EGFR and MEK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianka Gurbi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Diána Brauswetter
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.C.)
| | - Kinga Pénzes
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Varga
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, H-1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornél Dános
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ede Birtalan
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Tamás
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Voice, Speech and Swallowing Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, H-1088 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Csala
- Department of Molecular Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-SE Pathobiochemistry Research Group, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (D.B.); (M.C.)
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5
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Valcz G, Újvári B, Buzás EI, Krenács T, Spisák S, Kittel Á, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Takács I, Molnár B. Small extracellular vesicle DNA-mediated horizontal gene transfer as a driving force for tumor evolution: Facts and riddles. Front Oncol 2022; 12:945376. [PMID: 36003770 PMCID: PMC9393732 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.945376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The basis of the conventional gene-centric view on tumor evolution is that vertically inherited mutations largely define the properties of tumor cells. In recent years, however, accumulating evidence shows that both the tumor cells and their microenvironment may acquire external, non-vertically inherited genetic properties via horizontal gene transfer (HGT), particularly through small extracellular vesicles (sEVs). Many phases of sEV-mediated HGT have been described, such as DNA packaging into small vesicles, their release, uptake by recipient cells, and incorporation of sEV-DNA into the recipient genome to modify the phenotype and properties of cells. Recent techniques in sEV separation, genome sequencing and editing, as well as the identification of new secretion mechanisms, shed light on a number of additional details of this phenomenon. Here, we discuss the key features of this form of gene transfer and make an attempt to draw relevant conclusions on the contribution of HGT to tumor evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Valcz,
| | - Beáta Újvári
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Integrative Ecology, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- ELKH-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HCEMM-SU Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Endocrinology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Takács
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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6
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Cserni G, Francz M, Járay B, Kálmán E, Kovács I, Krenács T, Tóth E, Udvarhelyi N, Vass L, Vörös A, Krivokuca A, Kajo K, Kajová Macháleková K, Kulka J. Pathological Diagnosis, Work-Up and Reporting of Breast Cancer 1st Central-Eastern European Professional Consensus Statement on Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2022; 28:1610373. [PMID: 35845921 PMCID: PMC9284216 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This text is based on the recommendations accepted by the 4th Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer, modified on the basis of the international consultation and conference within the frames of the Central-Eastern European Academy of Oncology. The recommendations cover non-operative, intraoperative and postoperative diagnostics, determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, they address some specific issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, and some remarks about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
- Institute of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- *Correspondence: Gábor Cserni,
| | - Monika Francz
- Department of Pathology, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County Hospitals and University Teaching Hospital, “Jósa András” Teaching Hospital, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | | | - Endre Kálmán
- Institute of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, “Kenézy Gyula” University Hospital, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Udvarhelyi
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Vass
- Department of Pathology, Pest County “Flór Ferenc” University Teaching Hospital, Kistarcsa, Hungary
| | - András Vörös
- Institute of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ana Krivokuca
- Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Janina Kulka
- Department of Pathology, Forensic and Insurance Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Forsyth RG, Krenács T, Athanasou N, Hogendoorn PCW. Cell Biology of Giant Cell Tumour of Bone: Crosstalk between m/wt Nucleosome H3.3, Telomeres and Osteoclastogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5119. [PMID: 34680268 PMCID: PMC8534144 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13205119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is a rare and intriguing primary bone neoplasm. Worrisome clinical features are its local destructive behaviour, its high tendency to recur after surgical therapy and its ability to create so-called benign lung metastases (lung 'plugs'). GCTB displays a complex and difficult-to-understand cell biological behaviour because of its heterogenous morphology. Recently, a driver mutation in histone H3.3 was found. This mutation is highly conserved in GCTB but can also be detected in glioblastoma. Denosumab was recently introduced as an extra option of medical treatment next to traditional surgical and in rare cases, radiotherapy. Despite these new insights, many 'old' questions about the key features of GCTB remain unanswered, such as the presence of telomeric associations (TAs), the reactivation of hTERT, and its slight genomic instability. This review summarises the recent relevant literature of histone H3.3 in relation to the GCTB-specific G34W mutation and pays specific attention to the G34W mutation in relation to the development of TAs, genomic instability, and the characteristic morphology of GCTB. As pieces of an etiogenetic puzzle, this review tries fitting all these molecular features and the unique H3.3 G34W mutation together in GCTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramses G. Forsyth
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
- Labaratorium for Experimental Pathology (EXPA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllöi ut 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Nicholas Athanasou
- Department of Histopathology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK;
| | - Pancras C. W. Hogendoorn
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Brussels (UZB), Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium;
- Labaratorium for Experimental Pathology (EXPA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllöi ut 26, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
- Department of Histopathology, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, University of Oxford, NDORMS, Oxford OX3 7HE, UK;
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
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8
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Schvarcz CA, Danics L, Krenács T, Viana P, Béres R, Vancsik T, Nagy Á, Gyenesei A, Kun J, Fonović M, Vidmar R, Benyó Z, Kaucsár T, Hamar P. Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia Induces a Prominent Local Stress Response and Growth Inhibition in Mouse Breast Cancer Isografts. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1744. [PMID: 33917524 PMCID: PMC8038813 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a selective cancer treatment used in human oncology complementing other therapies. During mEHT, a focused electromagnetic field (EMF) is generated within the tumor inducing cell death by thermal and nonthermal effects. Here we investigated molecular changes elicited by mEHT using multiplex methods in an aggressive, therapy-resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) model. 4T1/4T07 isografts inoculated orthotopically into female BALB/c mice were treated with mEHT three to five times. mEHT induced the upregulation of the stress-related Hsp70 and cleaved caspase-3 proteins, resulting in effective inhibition of tumor growth and proliferation. Several acute stress response proteins, including protease inhibitors, coagulation and heat shock factors, and complement family members, were among the most upregulated treatment-related genes/proteins as revealed by next-generation sequencing (NGS), Nanostring and mass spectrometry (MS). pathway analysis demonstrated that several of these proteins belong to the response to stimulus pathway. Cell culture treatments confirmed that the source of these proteins was the tumor cells. The heat-shock factor inhibitor KRIBB11 reduced mEHT-induced complement factor 4 (C4) mRNA increase. In conclusion, mEHT monotherapy induced tumor growth inhibition and a complex stress response. Inhibition of this stress response is likely to enhance the effectiveness of mEHT and other cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba András Schvarcz
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Lea Danics
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Pedro Viana
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Rita Béres
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamás Vancsik
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Ákos Nagy
- Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Attila Gyenesei
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.G.); (J.K.)
| | - József Kun
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary; (A.G.); (J.K.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical School & Szentágothai Research Centre, Molecular Pharmacology Research Group, Centre for Neuroscience, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Marko Fonović
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Robert Vidmar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, Jožef Stefan Institute, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.F.); (R.V.)
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (C.A.S.); (L.D.); (P.V.); (R.B.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
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9
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Vancsik T, Máthé D, Horváth I, Várallyaly AA, Benedek A, Bergmann R, Krenács T, Benyó Z, Balogh A. Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia Facilitates NK-Cell Infiltration and Growth Arrest of Human A2058 Melanoma in a Xenograft Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:590764. [PMID: 33732640 PMCID: PMC7959784 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.590764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT), induced by 13.56 MHz radiofrequency, has been demonstrated both in preclinical and clinical studies to efficiently induce tumor damage and complement other treatment modalities. Here, we used a mouse xenograft model of human melanoma (A2058) to test mEHT (~42°C) both alone and combined with NK-cell immunotherapy. A single 30 min shot of mEHT resulted in significant tumor damage due to induced stress, marked by high hsp70 expression followed by significant upregulation of cleaved/activated caspase-3 and p53. When mEHT was combined with either primary human NK cells or the IL-2 independent NK-92MI cell line injected subcutaneously, the accumulation of NK cells was observed at the mEHT pretreated melanoma nodules but not at the untreated controls. mEHT induced the upregulation of the chemoattractant CXCL11 and increased the expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP2 which could account for the NK-cell attraction into the treated melanoma. In conclusion, mEHT monotherapy of melanoma xenograft tumors induced irreversible heat and cell stress leading to caspase dependent apoptosis to be driven by p53. mEHT could support the intratumoral attraction of distantly injected NK-cells, contributed by CXCL11 and MMP2 upregulation, resulting in an additive tumor destruction and growth inhibition. Therefore, mEHT may offer itself as a good partner for immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Vancsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Anett Benedek
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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10
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Woźniak M, Pastuch-Gawołek G, Makuch S, Wiśniewski J, Krenács T, Hamar P, Gamian A, Szeja W, Szkudlarek D, Krawczyk M, Agrawal S. In Vitro and In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel Glucose-Methotrexate Conjugate in Targeted Cancer Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041748. [PMID: 33572433 PMCID: PMC7916191 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used antimetabolite, which inhibits folate and DNA synthesis to be effective in the treatment of various malignancies. However, MTX therapy is hindered by the lack of target tumor selectivity. We have designed, synthesized and evaluated a novel glucose–methotrexate conjugate (GLU–MTX) both in vitro and in vivo, in which a cleavable linkage allows intracellular MTX release after selective uptake through glucose transporter−1 (GLUT1). GLU–MTX inhibited the growth of colorectal (DLD-1), breast (MCF-7) and lung (A427) adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC-25), osteosarcoma (MG63) cell lines, but not in WI-38 healthy fibroblasts. In tumor cells, GLU–MTX uptake increased 17-fold compared to unconjugated MTX. 4,6-O-ethylidene-α-D-glucose (EDG), a GLUT1 inhibitor, significantly interfered with GLU–MTX induced growth inhibition, suggesting a glucose-mediated drug uptake. Glu-MTX also caused significant tumor growth delay in vivo in breast cancer-bearing mice. These results show that our GLUT-MTX conjugate can be selectively uptake by a range of tumor cells to cause their significant growth inhibition in vitro, which was also confirmed in a breast cancer model in vivo. GLUT1 inhibitor EDG interfered with these effects verifying the selective drug uptake. Accordingly, GLU–MTX offers a considerable tumor selectivity and may offer cancer growth inhibition at reduced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Gabriela Pastuch-Gawołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (G.P.-G.); (W.S.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Jerzy Wiśniewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Peter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Department of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Wiesław Szeja
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (G.P.-G.); (W.S.)
| | - Danuta Szkudlarek
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
| | - Monika Krawczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; (G.P.-G.); (W.S.)
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Siddarth Agrawal
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.W.); (S.M.); (D.S.)
- Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases, Hypertension and Clinical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (S.A.)
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11
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Cserni G, Francz M, Járay B, Kálmán E, Kovács I, Krenács T, Tóth E, Udvarhelyi N, Vass L, Vörös A, Kulka J. [Pathological diagnosis, work-up and reporting of breast cancer. Recommendations from the 4th Breast Cancer Consensus Conference]. Magy Onkol 2020; 64:301-328. [PMID: 33313608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There have been some relevant changes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer to implement the updating of the 2016 recommendations made during the 3rd national consensus conference on the disease. Following a wide interdisciplinary consultation, the present recommendations have been finalized after their public discussion at the 4th Hungarian Breast Cancer Consensus Conference. The recommendations cover non-operative, intraoperative and postoperative diagnostics, the determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of the cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, it touches some special issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, some relevant points about the future. The most important changes include the integration of the TNM 8th edition, the WHO classification of breast tumors 5th edition, the ASCO/CAP HER2 assessment guidelines from 2018, and the Yokohama terminology for cytology reporting; a more detailed text on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and size determination after neoadjuvant therapy and a broader discussion of molecular tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Cserni
- Patológiai Osztály, Bács-Kiskun Megyei Kórház, Kecskemét, Hungary.
| | - Monika Francz
- Patológiai Osztály, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Kórházak és Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Jósa András Oktatókórház, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | | | - Endre Kálmán
- Patológiai Intézet, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Kenézy Gyula Egyetemi Kórház, DE, Patológia, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Országos Onkológiai Intézet, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Vass
- Patológiai Osztály, Pest Megyei Flór Ferenc Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Kistarcsa, Hungary
| | - András Vörös
- Patológiai Intézet, Szegedi Tudományegyetem, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
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12
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Danics L, Schvarcz CA, Viana P, Vancsik T, Krenács T, Benyó Z, Kaucsár T, Hamar P. Exhaustion of Protective Heat Shock Response Induces Significant Tumor Damage by Apoptosis after Modulated Electro-Hyperthermia Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Isografts in Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092581. [PMID: 32927720 PMCID: PMC7565562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer is one of the most frequent cancer types among women worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer is a highly aggressive breast cancer type with very poor survival due to the lack of targeted therapy. Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a newly emerging form of adjuvant, electromagnetic cancer-treatment. Capacitive energy delivery and frequency modulation enable the application of non-thermal effects. Furthermore, selective energy absorption by the tumor (as demonstrated in our present paper) enables 2.5 °C selective heating of the tumor. In the present study, we demonstrate in an in vivo syngeneic Balb/c TNBC mouse model that mEHT caused a remarkable reduction in the number of viable tumor cells accompanied by significant cleaved caspase-3-related apoptotic tumor tissue destruction and a transitional heat shock response. Furthermore, we demonstrated in vitro that the tumor cell killing effect of mEHT was amplified by inhibitors of the protective heat shock response such as Quercetin and KRIBB11. Abstract Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a complementary antitumor therapy applying capacitive radiofrequency at 13.56 MHz. Here we tested the efficiency of mEHT treatment in a BALB/c mouse isograft model using the firefly luciferase-transfected triple-negative breast cancer cell line, 4T1. Tumors inoculated orthotopically were treated twice using a novel ergonomic pole electrode and an improved mEHT device (LabEHY 200) at 0.7 ± 0.3 W for 30 min. Tumors were treated one, two, or three times every 48 h. Tumor growth was followed by IVIS, caliper, and ultrasound. Tumor destruction histology and molecular changes using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR were also revealed. In vivo, mEHT treatment transitionally elevated Hsp70 expression in surviving cells indicating heat shock-related cell stress, while IVIS fluorescence showed a significant reduction of viable tumor cell numbers. Treated tumor centers displayed significant microscopic tumor damage with prominent signs of apoptosis, and major upregulation of cleaved/activated caspase-3-positive tumor cells. Serial sampling demonstrated substantial elevation of heat shock (Hsp70) response twelve hours after the treatment which was exhausted by twenty-four hours after treatment. Heat shock inhibitors Quercetin or KRIBB11 could synergistically amplify mEHT-induced tumor apoptosis in vitro. In conclusion, modulated electro-hyperthermia exerted a protective heat shock response as a clear sign of tumor cell stress. Exhaustion of the HSR manifested in caspase-dependent apoptotic tumor cell death and tissue damage of triple-negative breast cancer after mEHT monotherapy. Inhibiting the HSR synergistically increased the effect of mEHT. This finding has great translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Danics
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Csaba András Schvarcz
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Pedro Viana
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamás Vancsik
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
| | - Péter Hamar
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1094 Budapest, Hungary; (L.D.); (C.A.S.); (P.V.); (T.V.); (Z.B.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Sebestyén A, Krenács T, Szállási Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Extracellular Vesicle-Based Communication May Contribute to the Co-Evolution of Cancer Stem Cells and Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082324. [PMID: 32824649 PMCID: PMC7465064 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Analogously to the natural selective forces in ecosystems, therapies impose selective pressure on cancer cells within tumors. Some tumor cells can adapt to this stress and are able to form resistant subpopulations, parallel with enrichment of cancer stem cell properties in the residual tumor masses. However, these therapy-resistant cells are unlikely to be sufficient for the fast tumor repopulation and regrowth by themselves. The dynamic and coordinated plasticity of residual tumor cells is essential both for the conversion of their regulatory network and for the stromal microenvironment to produce cancer supporting signals. In this nursing tissue "niche", cancer-associated fibroblasts are known to play crucial roles in developing therapy resistance and survival of residual stem-like cells. As paracrine messengers, extracellular vesicles carrying a wide range of signaling molecules with oncogenic potential, can support the escape of some tumor cells from their deadly fate. Here, we briefly overview how extracellular vesicle signaling between fibroblasts and cancer cells including cancer progenitor/stem cells may contribute to the progression, therapy resistance and recurrence of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.); (B.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Edit I. Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary;
- MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1089 Budapest, Hungary
- Hungarian Center of Excellence Molecular Medicine-Semmelweis University Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary; (A.S.); (T.K.)
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Péter Igaz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.); (B.M.)
| | - Béla Molnár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and MTA-SE Molecular Medicine Research Group, 1051 Budapest, Hungary; (P.I.); (B.M.)
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14
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Tőkés T, Tőkés AM, Szentmártoni G, Kiszner G, Mühl D, Molnár BÁ, Kulka J, Krenács T, Dank M. Prognostic and Clinicopathological Correlations of Cell Cycle Marker Expressions before and after the Primary Systemic Therapy of Breast Cancer. Pathol Oncol Res 2020; 26:1499-1510. [PMID: 31446607 PMCID: PMC7297700 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00726-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze the expression of cell-cycle regulation markers - minichromosome maintenance protein 2 (MCM2), Ki-67, Cyclin-A and phosphohistone-H3 (PHH3) - in pre-treatment core-biopsy samples of breast carcinomas in correlation with known predictive and prognostic factors. Totally 52 core biopsy samples obtained prior to neoadjuvant therapy were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed to analyze the expression of MCM2, Ki-67, Cyclin A and PHH3, which were correlated with the following clinicopathological parameters: clinical TNM, tumor grade, biological subtype, the presence of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), pathological tumor response rate to the neoadjuvant therapy and patient survival. All investigated markers showed higher expression in high grade and in triple negative tumors (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). Hormone receptor negative tumors showed significantly higher expression of Ki-67 (p < 0.01), MCM2 (p < 0.01) and Cyclin A (p < 0.01) than hormone receptor positive ones. Tumors with increased TIL showed significantly higher Ki-67 expression (p = 0.04). Pattern analysis suggested that novel cell-cycle marker-based subgrouping reveals predictive and prognostic potential. Tumors with high MCM2, Cyclin A or PHH3 expression showed significantly higher rate of pathological complete remission. Tumors with early relapse (progression-free survival ≤2 years) and shortened overall survival also show a higher rate of proliferation. Our cell cycle marker (Ki-67, MCM2, Cyclin A, PHH3) based testing could identify tumors with worse prognosis, but with a favorable response to primary systemic therapy. The pattern of cell-cycle activity could also be useful for predicting early relapse, but our findings need to be further substantiated in larger patient cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Tőkés
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary.
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyvér Szentmártoni
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kiszner
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Mühl
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Béla Ákos Molnár
- 1st Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 78/A, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, H-1085, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- Oncology Center, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, H-1083, Hungary
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15
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Krenács T, Meggyesházi N, Kõvágó C, Kiss É, Forika G, Balogh A, Vancsik T. [Mechanism of action of modulated electro- hyperthermia (mEHT) induced tumor damage in colorectal adenocarcinoma models]. Magy Onkol 2019; 63:359-364. [PMID: 31821391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Modulated electro-hyperthermia (mEHT) is a non-invasive treatment modality of cancer where electric field generated by 13.56 MHz radiofrequency can selectively accumulate in malignant tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues. This effect is based on the metabolic shift in cancer cells which upregulates glycolysis even under oxygenated conditions (Warburg effect), resulting in elevated lactate and ion concentration. The concomitant increased permittivity can induce dielectric polarization and rotational friction of dipole molecules resulting in elevated core temperature, which can be controlled at 42 °C with the treating instrument. Complementary application of loco-regional mEHT can improve the efficiency of chemo-, radio- and recently molecular targeted therapies based on increasing local perfusion and xenobiotic concentration, resolving tumor hypoxia and improved immune surveillance supported by high-fever range hyperthermia. We earlier showed that mEHT has its own tumor inhibiting/destructing effect, however, its mechanism had not been clarified. In this project we have investigated the molecular mechanism of action of mEHT treatment using in vitro and in vivo models of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Krenács
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Meggyesházi
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Kõvágó
- Farmakológiai és Toxikológiai Intézet, Szent István Egyetem, Állatorvostudományi Kar,, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Kiss
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gertrud Forika
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Onkológiai Központ, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Vancsik
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
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16
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Dank M, Balogh A, Benedek A, Besztercei B, Danics L, Forika G, Garay T, Hamar P, Karászi Á, Kaucsár T, Kiss É, Krenács T, Major E, Mohácsi R, Portörõ I, Ruisanchez É, Schvarcz C, Szász MA, Mbuotidem TJ, Vancsik T, Zolcsák Z, Benyó Z. [Preclinical and clinical investigation and development of electromagnetic oncological device - experience with solid tumors]. Magy Onkol 2019; 63:354-358. [PMID: 31821390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to develop an electromagnetic tumor therapy device in a consortial cooperation between Semmelweis University and Oncotherm Ltd., to provide data and contribute to the development of the next generation of devices through preclinical, clinical and developmental modules via in vivo, in vitro studies, and patient treatments. Our numerous preclinical studies support the efficacy of mEHT. Clinical treatments were performed in 181 patients with inoperable and/or oligometastatic solid tumors. The protocols were developed, an international guideline was completed, and the planned steps of device development were realized. By optimizing previous selective RF techniques based on recent research findings, we can provide the most modern evidence-based treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdolna Dank
- Onkológiai Központ, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Anett Benedek
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Besztercei
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lea Danics
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gertrud Forika
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Garay
- Információs Technológiai és Bionikai Kar, Pázmány Péter Katolikus Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Hamar
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Ádám Karászi
- Onkológiai Központ, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Kiss
- Onkológiai Központ, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikõ Major
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Réka Mohácsi
- Onkológiai Központ, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Portörõ
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Éva Ruisanchez
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Schvarcz
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | - Tamás Vancsik
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zita Zolcsák
- Onkoradiológiai Osztály, Uzsoki Utcai Kórház, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Transzlációs Medicina Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary.
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17
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Besztercei B, Vancsik T, Benedek A, Major E, Thomas MJ, Schvarcz CA, Krenács T, Benyó Z, Balogh A. Stress-Induced, p53-Mediated Tumor Growth Inhibition of Melanoma by Modulated Electrohyperthermia in Mouse Models without Major Immunogenic Effects. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20164019. [PMID: 31426515 PMCID: PMC6720184 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20164019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT), an innovative complementary technique of radio-, chemo-, and targeted oncotherapy modalities, can induce tumor apoptosis and contribute to a secondary immune-mediated cancer death. Here, we tested the efficiency of high-fever range (~42 °C) mEHT on B16F10 melanoma both in cell culture and allograft models. In vivo, mEHT treatment resulted in significant tumor size reduction when repeated three times, and induced major stress response as indicated by upregulated cytoplasmic and cell membrane hsp70 levels. Despite the increased PUMA and apoptosis-inducing factor 1, and moderate rise in activated-caspase-3, apoptosis was not significant. However, phospho-H2AX indicated DNA double-strand breaks, which upregulated p53 protein and its downstream cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors p21waf1 and p27kip. Combined in vitro treatment with mEHT and the p53 activator nutlin-3a additively reduced cell viability compared to monotherapies. Though mEHT promoted the release of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) damage signaling molecules hsp70, HMGB1 and ATP to potentiate the tumor immunogenicity of melanoma allografts, it reduced MHC-I and melan-A levels in tumor cells. This might explain why the number of cytotoxic T cells was moderately reduced, while the amount of natural killer (NK) cells was mainly unchanged and only macrophages increased significantly. Our results suggest that mEHT-treatment-related tumor growth control was primarily mediated by cell-stress-induced p53, which upregulated cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. The downregulated tumor antigen-presenting machinery may explain the reduced cytotoxic T-cell response despite increased DAMP signaling. Decreased tumor antigen and MHC-I levels suggest that natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages were the major contributors to tumor eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Besztercei
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Vancsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anett Benedek
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Major
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mbuotidem J Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba A Schvarcz
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Benyó
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Institute of Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, 1097 Budapest, Hungary.
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18
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Kittel Á, Krenács T, Visnovitz T, Spisák S, Török G, Homolya L, Zsigrai S, Kiszler G, Antalffy G, Pálóczi K, Szállási Z, Szabó V, Sebestyén A, Solymosi N, Kalmár A, Dede K, Lőrincz P, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. En bloc release of MVB-like small extracellular vesicle clusters by colorectal carcinoma cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1596668. [PMID: 31007874 PMCID: PMC6461071 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1596668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane enclosed structures that are usually released from cells upon exocytosis of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) as a collection of separate, free EVs. In this study, we analysed paraffin embedded sections of archived human colorectal cancer samples. We studied 3D reconstructions of confocal microscopic images complemented by HyVolution and STED imaging. Unexpectedly, we found evidence that large, MVB-like aggregates of ALIX/CD63 positive EV clusters were released en bloc by migrating tumour cells. These structures were often captured with partial or complete extra-cytoplasmic localization at the interface of the plasma membrane of the tumour cell and the stroma. Their diameter ranged between 0.62 and 1.94 μm (mean±S.D.: 1.17 ± 0.34 μm). High-resolution 3D reconstruction showed that these extracellular MVB-like EV clusters were composed of distinguishable internal particles of small EV size (mean±S.D.: 128.96 ± 16.73 nm). In vitro, HT29 colorectal cancer cells also showed the release of similar structures as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immune electron microscopy. Our results provide evidence for an en bloc transmission of MVB-like EV clusters through the plasma membrane. Immunofluorescent-based detection of the MVB like small EV clusters in archived pathological samples may represent a novel and unique opportunity which enables analysis of EV release in situ in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit I Buzás
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Kittel
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Visnovitz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Immune-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA
| | - György Török
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Zsigrai
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kiszler
- Department of Image Analysis, 3DHISTECH Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Géza Antalffy
- Department of Image Analysis, 3DHISTECH Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Pálóczi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Vanessza Szabó
- Department of Image Analysis, 3DHISTECH Ltd, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Sebestyén
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Solymosi
- Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Lőrincz
- Department of Anatomy, Cell and Developmental Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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19
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Mózes R, Gángó A, Sulák A, Vida L, Reiniger L, Timár B, Krenács T, Alizadeh H, Masszi T, Gaál-Weisinger J, Demeter J, Csomor J, Matolcsy A, Kajtár B, Bödör C. Calreticulin mutation specific CAL2 immunohistochemistry accurately identifies rare calreticulin mutations in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Pathology 2018; 51:301-307. [PMID: 30606612 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of the multifunctional protein calreticulin (CALR) are recognised as one of the main driver alterations involved in the pathogenesis of Philadelphia negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (Ph- MPN) and also represent a major diagnostic criterion in the most recent World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms. Nowadays, quantitative assessment of the driver mutations is gaining importance, as recent studies demonstrated the clinical relevance of the mutation load reflecting the size of the mutant clone. Here, we performed for the first time a manual and automated quantitative assessment of the CALR mutation load at protein level using CAL2, a recently developed CALR mutation specific monoclonal antibody, on a cohort of 117 patients with essential thrombocythemia (ET) or primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and compared the CALR protein mutation loads with the CALR mutation load values established by a molecular assay. Eighteen different CALR mutations were detected in the cohort of the 91 CALR mutant cases. Mutation loads of the CALR mutations were between 13% and 94% with mean value in PMF cases significantly higher than ET cases (49.94 vs 41.09; t-test, p=0.004). Cases without CALR mutation (n=26) showed no or only minimal labelling with the CAL2 antibody, while all 18 different types of CALR mutations were associated with CAL2 labelling. The CALR mutation load showed a significant correlation (p=0.03) with the occurrence of major thrombotic events, with higher mutation load in patients presenting with these complications. We report a 100% concordance between the mutation status determined by immunohistochemistry and the CALR molecular assay, and we extend the applicability of this approach to 16 rare CALR mutations previously not analysed at protein level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Réka Mózes
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ambrus Gángó
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Sulák
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology Center, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Livia Vida
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Lilla Reiniger
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Botond Timár
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hussain Alizadeh
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Hematology Division, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Masszi
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Judit Demeter
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Csomor
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - András Matolcsy
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kajtár
- Department of Pathology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Csaba Bödör
- MTA-SE Momentum Molecular Oncohematology Research Group, Semmelweis University, 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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20
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Valcz G, Buzás EI, Szállási Z, Kalmár A, Krenács T, Tulassay Z, Igaz P, Molnár B. Perspective: bidirectional exosomal transport between cancer stem cells and their fibroblast-rich microenvironment during metastasis formation. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:18. [PMID: 30038960 PMCID: PMC6048124 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0071-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carcinomas are complex structures composed of hierarchically organized distinct cell populations such as cancer stem cells and non-stem (bulk) cancer cells. Their genetic/epigenetic makeup and the dynamic interplay between the malignant cell populations and their stromal fibroblasts are important determinants of metastatic tumor invasion. Important mediators of these interactions are the small, membrane-enclosed extracellular vesicles, in particular exosomes. Both cancer cell and fibroblast-derived exosomes carry a set of regulatory molecules, including proteins and different species of RNA, which cooperatively support metastatic tumor spread. Here, we briefly overview potential links between cancer stem cells and the exosome-mediated fibroblast-enriched metastatic niche formation to discuss their role in the promotion of tumor growth and metastatic expansion in breast carcinoma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Irén Buzás
- 3MTA-SE Immuno-Proteogenomics Extracellular Vesicle Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,4Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Szállási
- 5Computational Health Informatics Program (CHIP), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 61st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Igaz
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 1Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,22nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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21
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Fábián M, Rencz F, Krenács T, Brodszky V, Hársing J, Németh K, Balogh P, Kárpáti S. Expression of G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor in melanoma and in pregnancy-associated melanoma. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 31:1453-1461. [PMID: 28467693 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hormone sensitivity of melanoma and the role of 'classical' oestrogen receptor (ER) α and β in tumour progression have been intensively studied with rather contradictory results. The presence of 'non-classical' G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER) has not been investigated on human melanoma tissues. OBJECTIVE To analyse the expression of GPER, ERα and ERβ in pregnancy-associated (PAM) and in non-pregnancy-associated (NPAM) melanomas in correlation with traditional prognostic markers and disease-free survival (DFS). METHODS Receptor protein levels were tested using immunohistochemistry in 81 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded melanoma tissues. PAMs (n = 38) were compared with age- and Breslow thickness-matched cases (n = 43) including non-pregnant women (NPAM-W) (n = 22) and men (NPAM-M) (n = 21). The association between receptor expression and DFS was analysed by uni- and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor was detected both in PAMs and NPAMs. In 39 of the 41 (95.1%) GPER-positive melanomas, GPER and ERβ were co-expressed. GPER/ERβ-positive melanomas were significantly more common in PAM compared to NPAM (P = 0.0001) with no significant difference between genders (P = 0.4383). In PAMs, the distribution of GPER and ERβ was similar (78.4% vs. 81.6%; P = 0.8504), while in NPAM, ERβ was the representative ER (60.5% vs. 27.9%; P = 0.0010) without gender difference (59.1% vs. 61.9%). GPER-/ERβ-positive melanomas were associated with lower Breslow thickness, lower mitotic rate and higher presence of peritumoral lymphocyte infiltration (PLI) compared to GPER-/ERβ-negative cases (P = 0.0156, P = 0.0036 and P = 0.0001) predicting a better DFS (HR = 0.785, 95% CI 0.582-1.058). Despite the significantly higher frequency of GPER and ERβ expression in PAM, no significant difference was found in DFS between PAM and NPAM. All but one case failed to show ERα expression. CONCLUSIONS The presence of GPER and its simultaneous expression with ERβ can serve as a new prognostic indicator in a significant subpopulation of melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fábián
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Clinical Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - F Rencz
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - T Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-SE Tumour Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - V Brodszky
- Department of Health Economics, Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Hársing
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - K Németh
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - P Balogh
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - S Kárpáti
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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22
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Paulik R, Micsik T, Kiszler G, Kaszál P, Székely J, Paulik N, Várhalmi E, Prémusz V, Krenács T, Molnár B. An optimized image analysis algorithm for detecting nuclear signals in digital whole slides for histopathology. Cytometry A 2017; 91:595-608. [DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tamás Micsik
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; Semmelweis University; Budapest Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Clinical Gastroenterology Research Unit; Hungarian Academy of Sciences; Budapest Hungary
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23
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Thangavelu PU, Krenács T, Dray E, Duijf PHG. In epithelial cancers, aberrant COL17A1 promoter methylation predicts its misexpression and increased invasion. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:120. [PMID: 27891193 PMCID: PMC5116176 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a leading cause of death among cancer patients. In the tumor microenvironment, altered levels of extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagens, can facilitate the first steps of cancer cell metastasis, including invasion into surrounding tissue and intravasation into the blood stream. However, the degree of misexpression of collagen genes in tumors remains understudied, even though this knowledge could greatly facilitate the development of cancer treatment options aimed at preventing metastasis. METHODS We systematically evaluate the expression of all 44 collagen genes in breast cancer and assess whether their misexpression provides clinical prognostic significance. We use immunohistochemistry on 150 ductal breast cancers and 361 cervical cancers and study DNA methylation in various epithelial cancers. RESULTS In breast cancer, various tests show that COL4A1 and COL4A2 overexpression and COL17A1 (BP180, BPAG2) underexpression provide independent prognostic strength (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.17-1.34, p = 3.03 × 10-10; HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.11-1.25, p = 8.11 × 10-10; HR = 0.86, 95% CI = 0.81-0.92, p = 4.57 × 10-6; respectively). Immunohistochemistry on ductal breast cancers confirmed that the COL17A1 protein product, collagen XVII, is underexpressed. This strongly correlates with advanced stage, increased invasion, and postmenopausal status. In contrast, immunohistochemistry on cervical tumors showed that collagen XVII is overexpressed in cervical cancer and this is associated with increased local dissemination. Interestingly, consistent with the opposed direction of misexpression in these cancers, the COL17A1 promoter is hypermethylated in breast cancer and hypomethylated in cervical cancer. We also find that the COL17A1 promoter is hypomethylated in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, and lung adenocarcinoma, in all of which collagen XVII overexpression has previously been shown. CONCLUSIONS Paradoxically, collagen XVII is underexpressed in breast cancer and overexpressed in cervical and other epithelial cancers. However, the COL17A1 promoter methylation status accurately predicts both the direction of misexpression and the increased invasive nature for five out of five epithelial cancers. This implies that aberrant epigenetic control is a key driver of COL17A1 gene misexpression and tumor cell invasion. These findings have significant clinical implications, suggesting that the COL17A1 promoter methylation status can be used to predict patient outcome. Moreover, epigenetic targeting of COL17A1 could represent a novel strategy to prevent metastasis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pulari U. Thangavelu
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Cancer Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eloise Dray
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
| | - Pascal H. G. Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102 Australia
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24
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Kiss É, Vancsik T, Andocs G, Meggyeshazi N, Kovago C, Papp E, Krenács T. The thermal effect of modulated electro-hyperthermia on tumor-cell membranes. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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25
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Cserni G, Kulka J, Francz M, Járay B, Kálmán E, Kovács I, Krenács T, Udvarhelyi N, Vass L. [Pathological diagnosis, work-up and reporting of breast cancer. Recommendations of the 3rd Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer]. Magy Onkol 2016; 60:209-228. [PMID: 27579721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
There have been relevant changes in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer to implement the updating of the 2010 recommendations made during the 2nd national consensus conference on the disease. Following a wide interdisciplinary consultation, the present recommendations have been finalized after their public discussion at the 3rd Hungarian Consensus Conference on Breast Cancer. The recommendations cover non-operative and intraoperative diagnostics, the work-up of operative specimens, the determination of prognostic and predictive markers and the content of the cytology and histology reports. Furthermore, it touches some special issues such as the current status of multigene molecular markers, the role of pathologists in clinical trials and prerequisites for their involvement, some relevant points about the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Cserni
- Patológiai Osztály, Bács-Kiskun Megyei Önkormányzat Kórháza, Kecskemét, Hungary.
| | - Janina Kulka
- II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Monika Francz
- Patológiai Osztály, Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg Megyei Kórházak és Egyetemi Oktatókórház, Jósa András Oktatókórház, Nyíregyháza, Hungary
| | - Balázs Járay
- II. Sz. Patológiai Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Endre Kálmán
- Patológiai Intézet, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, 2. sz. Diagnosztikus Labor, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovács
- Patológiai Osztály, Kenézy Gyula Kórház, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- I. Sz. Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézet, Semmelweis Egyetem, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - László Vass
- Patológiai Osztály, Flór Ferenc Kórház, Kistarcsa, Hungary
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26
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Valcz G, Galamb O, Krenács T, Spisák S, Kalmár A, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Dede K, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Exosomes in colorectal carcinoma formation: ALIX under the magnifying glass. Mod Pathol 2016; 29:928-38. [PMID: 27150162 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane vesicles that have important roles in transporting a great variety of bioactive molecules between epithelial compartment and their microenvironment during tumor formation including colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence. We tested the mRNA expression of the top 25 exosome-related markers based on ExoCharta database in healthy (n=49), adenoma (n=49) and colorectal carcinoma (n=49) patients using Affymetrix HGU133 Plus2.0 microarrays. Most related genes showed significantly elevated expression including PGK1, PKM, ANXA5, ENO1, HSP90AB1 and MSN during adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Surprisingly, the expression of ALIX (ALG 2-interacting protein X), involved in multivesicular body (MVB) and exosome formation, was significantly reduced in normal vs adenoma (P=5.02 × 10(-13)) and in normal vs colorectal carcinoma comparisons (P=1.51 × 10(-10)). ALIX also showed significant reduction (P<0.05) at the in situ protein level in the epithelial compartment of adenoma (n=35) and colorectal carcinoma (n=37) patients compared with 27 healthy individuals. Furthermore, significantly reduced ALIX protein levels were accompanied by their gradual transition from diffuse cytoplasmic expression to granular signals, which fell into the 0.6-2 μm diameter size range of MVBs. These ALIX-positive particles were seen in the tumor nests, including tumor-stroma border, which suggest their exosome function. MVB-like structures were also detected in tumor microenvironment including α-smooth muscle actin-positive stromal cells, budding off cancer cells in the tumor front as well as in cancer cells entrapped within lymphoid vessels. In conclusion, we determined the top aberrantly expressed exosome-associated markers and revealed the transition of diffuse ALIX protein signals into a MVB-like pattern during adenoma-carcinoma sequence. These tumor-associated particles seen both in the carcinoma and the surrounding microenvironment can potentially mediate epithelial-stromal interactions involved in the regulation of tumor growth, metastatic invasion and therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University and MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Ágoston EI, Micsik T, Ács B, Fekete K, Hahn O, Baranyai Z, Dede K, Bodoky G, Bursics A, Kulka J, Krenács T, Győrffy B, Harsányi L, Szász AM. In depth evaluation of the prognostic and predictive utility of PTEN immunohistochemistry in colorectal carcinomas: performance of three antibodies with emphasis on intracellular and intratumoral heterogeneity. Diagn Pathol 2016; 11:61. [PMID: 27392434 PMCID: PMC4939017 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-016-0508-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in chromosome 10 (PTEN) loss of function is frequently detected in advanced colorectal cancer. Its detection is thought to have prognostic significance and it is being considered to predict responsiveness to anti-EGFR therapy. Unfortunately, while immunohistochemical assessment of PTEN expression is widespread, it lacks standardization and the results are hardly comparable across the available publications. Methods Retrospectively collected, formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded colorectal tumor tissue samples from 55 patients were combined into tissue microarray (TMA) blocks. We used three different PTEN antibodies to determine the frequency, intensity and intracellular pattern of PTEN immunohistochemical labeling: Neomarkers, Dako and CellSignaling. We evaluated the aforementioned parameters in selected regions of colorectal cancers and in their lymph node metastases by using three scoring methods that take into consideration both staining frequency and intensity (H1-H3-score). We also evaluated intracellular localization. Results The Dako and CellSignaling antibodies stained predominantly cytoplasms, while the Neomarkers antibody specifically stained cell nuclei. PTEN H-scores were significantly lower in all tumor areas as compared to the normal colonic mucosa based on staining with the DAKO and CellSignaling antibodies. Intratumoral regional differences or differences between matching tumors and metastases were not detected with any of the antibodies. Neither Dako, neither CellSignaling, nor the Neomarkers antibodies revealed a significant correlation between PTEN expression and pT, Dukes/MAC and clinical stage. KRAS status, histological grade correlated with PTEN H-scores based on staining with the Neomarkers antibody. PTEN H-scores did not correlate with MMR status. PTEN H-scores did not show any correlation with relapse-free survival based on staining with either antibody. Conclusions While PTEN expression decreased in colorectal cancer according to two antibodies, neither of the three applied PTEN antibodies could justify significant correlation with clinicopathological data, nor had prognostic value. Thus, we might conclude that immunohistochemical PTEN investigation remains a challenge requiring more standardized evaluation on larger number of cases to clarify its utility as a prognostic and predictive tool in CRC. The standardization of immunohistochemical method is key in the evaluation process, which is further discussed. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13000-016-0508-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emese Irma Ágoston
- Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Üllői út, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Tamás Micsik
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői út, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Balázs Ács
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93 Üllői út, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Fekete
- Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Üllői út, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Oszkár Hahn
- Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Üllői út, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Baranyai
- Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Üllői út, Budapest, 1082, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Dede
- Department of Surgery and Oncological Surgery, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, 196 Róna utca, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - György Bodoky
- Department of Oncology, Szent István Hospital, 1 Nagyvárad tér, Budapest, 1097, Hungary
| | - Attila Bursics
- Department of Surgery and Oncological Surgery, Uzsoki Teaching Hospital, 196 Róna utca, Budapest, 1145, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93 Üllői út, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, 26 Üllői út, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary
| | - László Harsányi
- Department of Surgery, Semmelweis University, 78 Üllői út, Budapest, 1082, Hungary.
| | - A Marcell Szász
- Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, 93 Üllői út, Budapest, 1091, Hungary. .,MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest, 1117, Hungary.
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28
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Galamb O, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Csabai I, Bodor A, Ribli D, Krenács T, Patai ÁV, Wichmann B, Barták BK, Tóth K, Valcz G, Spisák S, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Aberrant DNA methylation of WNT pathway genes in the development and progression of CIMP-negative colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2016; 11:588-602. [PMID: 27245242 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2016.1190894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The WNT signaling pathway has an essential role in colorectal carcinogenesis and progression, which involves a cascade of genetic and epigenetic changes. We aimed to analyze DNA methylation affecting the WNT pathway genes in colorectal carcinogenesis in promoter and gene body regions using whole methylome analysis in 9 colorectal cancer, 15 adenoma, and 6 normal tumor adjacent tissue (NAT) samples by methyl capture sequencing. Functional methylation was confirmed on 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine-treated colorectal cancer cell line datasets. In parallel with the DNA methylation analysis, mutations of WNT pathway genes (APC, β-catenin/CTNNB1) were analyzed by 454 sequencing on GS Junior platform. Most differentially methylated CpG sites were localized in gene body regions (95% of WNT pathway genes). In the promoter regions, 33 of the 160 analyzed WNT pathway genes were differentially methylated in colorectal cancer vs. normal, including hypermethylated AXIN2, CHP1, PRICKLE1, SFRP1, SFRP2, SOX17, and hypomethylated CACYBP, CTNNB1, MYC; 44 genes in adenoma vs. NAT; and 41 genes in colorectal cancer vs. adenoma comparisons. Hypermethylation of AXIN2, DKK1, VANGL1, and WNT5A gene promoters was higher, while those of SOX17, PRICKLE1, DAAM2, and MYC was lower in colon carcinoma compared to adenoma. Inverse correlation between expression and methylation was confirmed in 23 genes, including APC, CHP1, PRICKLE1, PSEN1, and SFRP1. Differential methylation affected both canonical and noncanonical WNT pathway genes in colorectal normal-adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Aberrant DNA methylation appears already in adenomas as an early event of colorectal carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Galamb
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - István Csabai
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - András Bodor
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Dezső Ribli
- c Department of Physics of Complex Systems , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- d 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary.,e Tumor Progression Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences - Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Árpád V Patai
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Barbara Kinga Barták
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- f Department of Medical Oncology , Dana-Farber Cancer Institute , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary.,b 2nd Department of Internal Medicine , Semmelweis University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- a Molecular Medicine Research Group , Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest , Hungary
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Tőkés T, Tőkés AM, Szentmártoni G, Kiszner G, Madaras L, Kulka J, Krenács T, Dank M. Expression of cell cycle markers is predictive of the response to primary systemic therapy of locally advanced breast cancer. Virchows Arch 2016; 468:675-86. [PMID: 27026269 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-016-1925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to analyze to what extent expression of four cell cycle regulation markers-minichromosome maintenance protein (MCM2), Ki-67, cyclin A, and phosphohistone-H3 (PHH3)-predict response to primary systemic therapy in terms of pathological complete remission (pCR). In search of an accurate and reproducible scoring method, we compared computer-assisted (CA) and routine visual assessment (VA) of immunoreactivity. We included 57 patients with breast cancer in the study. The cell cycle markers were detected using immunohistochemistry on pre-therapy core biopsy samples. Parallel CA (validated by manual labeling) and standard VA were performed and compared for diagnostic agreement and predictive value for pCR. CA and VA results were dichotomized based on receiver operating characteristic analysis defined optimal cut-off values. "High" was defined by staining scores above the optimal cut-off, while "low" had staining scores below the optimal cut-off. The CA method resulted in significantly lower values for Ki-67 and MCM2 compared to VA (mean difference, -3.939 and -4.323). Diagnostic agreement was highest for cyclin A and PHH3 (-0.586 and -0.666, respectively). Regardless of the method (CA/VA) used, all tested markers were predictive of pCR. Optimal cut-off-based dichotomization improved diagnostic agreement between the CA and VA methods for every marker, in particular for MCM2 (κ = 1, p < 0.000). Cyclin A displayed excellent agreement (κ = 0.925; p < 0.000), while Ki-67 and PHH3 showed good agreement (κ = 0.789, p < 0.000 and κ = 0.794, p < 0.000, respectively). We found all cell cycle markers (Ki-67, MCM2, cyclin A, and PHH3) predictive of pCR. Diagnostic agreement between CA and VA was better at lower staining scores but improved after optimal cut-off-based dichotomization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Tőkés
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Oncological Division, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Anna-Mária Tőkés
- MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, 2nd Department of Pahtology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary.,2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Gyöngyvér Szentmártoni
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Oncological Division, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, 1083, Hungary
| | - Gergő Kiszner
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Lilla Madaras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Janina Kulka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, 2nd Department of Pahtology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, Budapest, 1091, Hungary.,1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 26, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Magdolna Dank
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Oncological Division, Semmelweis University, Tömő utca 25-29, 4th floor, Budapest, 1083, Hungary.
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30
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Pócza T, Krenács T, Turányi E, Csáthy J, Jakab Z, Hauser P. High expression of DNA methyltransferases in primary human medulloblastoma. Folia Neuropathol 2016; 54:105-13. [PMID: 27543768 DOI: 10.5114/fn.2016.60365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations have been implicated in cancer development. DNA methylation modulates gene expression, which is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). The objective of our study was to evaluate expression of DNMTs in medulloblastoma and analyze its correlation with clinical features. Nuclear expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was analyzed in human primary medulloblastoma of 44 patients using immunohistochemistry. Correlation of expression of DNMT levels with classical histological subtypes, novel molecular subgroups and survival of patients was analyzed. Elevated expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B was observed in 63.64%, 68.18% and 72.73% of all cases, respectively. None of them showed a correlation with classical histology or survival. Concerning molecular subtypes, significantly higher expression of DNMT1 was observed in the SHH group compared to non-SHH samples (p = 0.02), but without significant difference in DNMT3A or DNMT3B levels between any subtypes. In conclusion, DNMT1, DNMT3A and DNMT3B are highly expressed in human medulloblastoma samples, suggesting that promoter hypermethylation may play a role in medulloblastoma development. Demethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters may be considered as a possible future target in therapy of medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - P Hauser
- Peter Hauser, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary, phone: +36(1)2151380, fax: +36(1)2151381, e-mail:
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31
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Szentkúti G, Dános K, Brauswetter D, Kiszner G, Krenács T, Csákó L, Répássy G, Tamás L. Correlations between prognosis and regional biomarker profiles in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:643-50. [PMID: 25547827 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9869-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) show diverse clinicopathological features and are mostly linked with poor outcome. In this study, we tested if the expression of tumor growth, cell cycle and basement membrane anchorage related biomarkers allow prognostic and clinicopathological stratification of HNSCC. Archived HNSCC samples from 226 patients included into tissue microarrays (TMA) were tested using immunohistochemistry. Histopathological evaluation and the analysis of immunostaining for EGFR, Ki67, p53, p16(ink4) and Collagen XVII proteins were carried out in digital whole slides. Statistical evaluation was carried out using Pearson's Chi-square test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. In the tested cohort, hypopharyngeal cancers had the least favorable, and glottic cancers had the most favorable prognosis. High Ki67 positive tumor cell fractions were associated with significantly worse prognosis and elevated rate of lymph node metastasis. Both Ki67 and EGFR expression correlated significantly with the tumor localization. Ki67 index was the highest in the hypopharyngeal region and it proved to be the lowest in the glottic region. EGFR expression was the highest in the oral cavity and the lowest in the glottic region. The survival rate of patients with p16(ink4)-negative cancer was significantly lower than of those with p16(ink4)-positive disease. A significant inverse correlation was found between histological grade and the prognosis of HNSCC. Our data support that elevated Ki67 positive proliferating cell fractions contribute to the unfavorable prognosis of hypopharyngeal cancers, while glottic cancers have the most favorable prognosis because of the lowest Ki67 expression rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Szentkúti
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Jahn Ferenc South-Pest Hospital, 1st Köves Street, 1204, Budapest, Hungary,
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32
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Szalay CI, Erdélyi K, Kökény G, Lajtár E, Godó M, Révész C, Kaucsár T, Kiss N, Sárközy M, Csont T, Krenács T, Szénási G, Pacher P, Hamar P. Oxidative/Nitrative Stress and Inflammation Drive Progression of Doxorubicin-Induced Renal Fibrosis in Rats as Revealed by Comparing a Normal and a Fibrosis-Resistant Rat Strain. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127090. [PMID: 26086199 PMCID: PMC4473269 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic renal fibrosis is the final common pathway of end stage renal disease caused by glomerular or tubular pathologies. Genetic background has a strong influence on the progression of chronic renal fibrosis. We recently found that Rowett black hooded rats were resistant to renal fibrosis. We aimed to investigate the role of sustained inflammation and oxidative/nitrative stress in renal fibrosis progression using this new model. Our previous data suggested the involvement of podocytes, thus we investigated renal fibrosis initiated by doxorubicin-induced (5 mg/kg) podocyte damage. Doxorubicin induced progressive glomerular sclerosis followed by increasing proteinuria and reduced bodyweight gain in fibrosis-sensitive, Charles Dawley rats during an 8-week long observation period. In comparison, the fibrosis-resistant, Rowett black hooded rats had longer survival, milder proteinuria and reduced tubular damage as assessed by neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) excretion, reduced loss of the slit diaphragm protein, nephrin, less glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis and matrix deposition assessed by periodic acid–Schiff, Picro-Sirius-red staining and fibronectin immunostaining. Less fibrosis was associated with reduced profibrotic transforming growth factor-beta, (TGF-β1) connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL-1a1) mRNA levels. Milder inflammation demonstrated by histology was confirmed by less monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) mRNA. As a consequence of less inflammation, less oxidative and nitrative stress was obvious by less neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (p47phox) and NADPH oxidase-2 (p91phox) mRNA. Reduced oxidative enzyme expression was accompanied by less lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and less protein nitrosylation demonstrated by nitrotyrosine (NT) immunohistochemistry and quantified by Western blot. Our results demonstrate that mediators of fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative/nitrative stress were suppressed in doxorubicin nephropathy in fibrosis-resistant Rowett black hooded rats underlying the importance of these pathomechanisms in the progression of renal fibrosis initiated by glomerular podocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Imre Szalay
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Erdélyi
- National Institute of Health (NIH/NIAAA/DICBR), Laboratory of Physiological Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gábor Kökény
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Lajtár
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Godó
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Révész
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Kaucsár
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Norbert Kiss
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Márta Sárközy
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1 Semmelweis University, Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research; MTA-SE Tumor Progression Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Pacher
- National Institute of Health (NIH/NIAAA/DICBR), Laboratory of Physiological Studies, Section on Oxidative Stress and Tissue Injury, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Péter Hamar
- Semmelweis University, Institute of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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33
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Leiszter K, Sipos F, Galamb O, Krenács T, Veres G, Wichmann B, Fűri I, Kalmár A, Patai ÁV, Tóth K, Valcz G, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Promoter hypermethylation-related reduced somatostatin production promotes uncontrolled cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0118332. [PMID: 25723531 PMCID: PMC4344335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Somatostatin (SST) has anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Our aims were to analyze and compare the SST expression during normal aging and colorectal carcinogenesis at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, we tested the methylation status of SST in biopsy samples, and the cell growth inhibitory effect of the SST analogue octreotide in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line. METHODS Colonic samples were collected from healthy children (n1 = 6), healthy adults (n2 = 41) and colorectal cancer patients (CRCs) (n3 = 34) for SST mRNA expression analysis, using HGU133 Plus2.0 microarrays. Results were validated both on original (n1 = 6; n2 = 6; n3 = 6) and independent samples ((n1 = 6; n2 = 6; n3 = 6) by real-time PCR. SST expressing cells were detected by immunohistochemistry on colonic biopsy samples (n1 = 14; n2 = 20; n3 = 23). The effect of octreotide on cell growth was tested on Caco-2 cell line. SST methylation percentage in biopsy samples (n1 = 5; n2 = 5; n3 = 9) was defined using methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion. RESULTS In case of normal aging SST mRNA expression did not alter, but decreased in cancer (p < 0.05). The ratio of SST immunoreactive cells was significantly higher in children (0.70% ± 0.79%) compared to CRC (0% ± 0%) (p < 0.05). Octreotide significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic Caco-2 cells. SST showed significantly higher methylation level in tumor samples (30.2% ± 11.6%) compared to healthy young individuals (3.5% ± 1.9%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In cancerous colonic mucosa the reduced SST production may contribute to the uncontrolled cell proliferation. Our observation that in colon cancer cells octreotide significantly enhanced cell death and attenuated cell proliferation suggests that SST may act as a regulator of epithelial cell kinetics. The inhibition of SST expression in CRC can be epigenetically regulated by promoter hypermethylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Leiszter
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barna Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Fűri
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V. Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Pénzváltó Z, Lánczky A, Lénárt J, Meggyesházi N, Krenács T, Szoboszlai N, Denkert C, Pete I, Győrffy B. MEK1 is associated with carboplatin resistance and is a prognostic biomarker in epithelial ovarian cancer. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:837. [PMID: 25408231 PMCID: PMC4247127 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary systemic treatment for ovarian cancer is surgery, followed by platinum based chemotherapy. Platinum resistant cancers progress/recur in approximately 25% of cases within six months. We aimed to identify clinically useful biomarkers of platinum resistance. METHODS A database of ovarian cancer transcriptomic datasets including treatment and response information was set up by mining the GEO and TCGA repositories. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) analysis was performed in R for each gene and these were then ranked using their achieved area under the curve (AUC) values. The most significant candidates were selected and in vitro functionally evaluated in four epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines (SKOV-3-, CAOV-3, ES-2 and OVCAR-3), using gene silencing combined with drug treatment in viability and apoptosis assays. We collected 94 tumor samples and the strongest candidate was validated by IHC and qRT-PCR in these. RESULTS All together 1,452 eligible patients were identified. Based on the ROC analysis the eight most significant genes were JRK, CNOT8, RTF1, CCT3, NFAT2CIP, MEK1, FUBP1 and CSDE1. Silencing of MEK1, CSDE1, CNOT8 and RTF1, and pharmacological inhibition of MEK1 caused significant sensitization in the cell lines. Of the eight genes, JRK (p = 3.2E-05), MEK1 (p = 0.0078), FUBP1 (p = 0.014) and CNOT8 (p = 0.00022) also correlated to progression free survival. The correlation between the best biomarker candidate MEK1 and survival was validated in two independent cohorts by qRT-PCR (n = 34, HR = 5.8, p = 0.003) and IHC (n = 59, HR = 4.3, p = 0.033). CONCLUSION We identified MEK1 as a promising prognostic biomarker candidate correlated to response to platinum based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Balázs Győrffy
- MTA-TTK Lendület Cancer Biomarker Research Group, Budapest, Hungary.
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Sipos F, Műzes G, Fűri I, Spisák S, Wichmann B, Germann TM, Constantinovits M, Krenács T, Tulassay Z, Molnár B. Intravenous administration of a single-dose free-circulating DNA of colitic origin improves severe murine DSS-colitis. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:867-77. [PMID: 24723054 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9766-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In inflammatory bowel diseases the presence of free-circulating DNA (fcDNA) sequences in the sera is an established phenomenon, albeit its real biological function still remains unclear. In our study the immunobiologic effects of a single-dose, intravenously administered fcDNA of normal and colitic origin were assayed in DSS-colitic and control mice. In parallel with disease and histological activity evaluations changes of the TLR9 and inflammatory cytokine signaling gene expression profiles were assayed in isolated cells of the lamina propria. Intravenously administered colitis-derived fcDNA displayed a more prominent beneficial action regarding the clinical and histological severity of DSS-colitis than that of fcDNA of normal origin. Systemic administration of colitis-derived fcDNA significantly altered the expression of certain TLR9-related and proinflammatory cytokine genes in a clinically favorable manner. Presumably due to induction of severe colitis, the subsequent marked inflammatory environment may result changes in fcDNA with a potential to promote the downregulation of inflammation and improvement of tissue regeneration. Elucidating mechanisms of innate immune alterations by nucleic acids may provide further insight into the etiology of inflammatory bowel diseases, and develop the basis of novel nucleic acid-based immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- Cell Analysis Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi Street 46, 1088, Budapest, Hungary,
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Fábián K, Németh Z, Furák J, Tiszlavicz L, Pápay J, Krenács T, Tímár J, Moldvay J. Protein expression differences between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with brain metastasis. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:5593-5597. [PMID: 25275061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM We investigated tissue biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to find indicators of brain metastasis and peritumoral brain edema. PATIENTS AND METHODS Fifty-two cases were studied out of which 26 had corresponding brain metastatic tissue. Clinicopathological characteristics of tumors were correlated with biomarkers of cell adhesion, cell growth, cell cycle and apoptosis regulation that were previously immunohistochemically studied but never analyzed separately according to histological subgroups, gender and smoking history. RESULTS Increased collagen XVII in adenocarcinoma (ADC) and increased caspase-9, CD44v6, and decreased cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (CAS) and Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) correlated significantly with brain metastasis. Increased β-catenin, E-cadherin and decreased caspase-9 expression in primary SCC, and decreased CD44v6 expression in brain metastatic SCC tissues showed a significant correlation with the extent of peritumoral brain edema. Positive correlation between smoking and biomarker expression could be observed in metastatic ADCs with p16 and caspase-8, while-negative correlation was found in SCC without brain metastasis with caspase-3, and in SCC with brain metastasis with p27. CONCLUSION Our results highlight the importance of separate analysis of biomarker expression in histological subtypes of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Fábián
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Németh
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Furák
- Department of Surgery, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Judit Pápay
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - József Tímár
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Pulmonology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Sipos F, Germann TM, Wichmann B, Galamb O, Spisák S, Krenács T, Tulassay Z, Molnár B, Műzes G. MMP3 and CXCL1 are potent stromal protein markers of dysplasia-carcinoma transition in sporadic colorectal cancer. Eur J Cancer Prev 2014; 23:336-43. [PMID: 24999605 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Early molecular detection of the colorectal dysplasia-carcinoma transition may augment the accuracy of diagnosis in case of biopsy orientation errors. The combination of high-throughput microarray-based biomarker screening with tissue microarray-based prospective protein biomarker expression analysis could represent an additional test in routine automated diagnostic procedures. Our aim was to test and select protein markers to identify protein expression profile alterations, focusing on the dysplasia-carcinoma transition in sporadic colorectal tumors. Dysplasia-carcinoma transition-specific transcript sets were previously identified using HGU133plus2 microarrays and Taqman RT-PCR cards. Here, 26 potential dysplasia-carcinoma transition-specific markers were tested by immunohistochemistry at the protein level using tissue microarrays in a total of 168 independent colonic biopsy samples. A set of 26 transcripts [including matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1)] has been determined recently, indicating a linear expression correlation with the adenoma-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence, thereby having the potential to discriminate between dysplasia and early malignancy. Currently, we find that high-grade dysplastic sessile adenomatous-stage and early-stage colorectal cancer conditions can be differentiated correctly by the stromal expression of MMP3 and CXCL1, respectively, on tissue microarray-based analysis. Furthermore, in cases of sporadic colorectal tumors, MMP3 protein expression in the lamina propria itself seems to be highly specific for the detection of tumorous transition. Our current and recent results indicate that appropriate antibody marker combinations are highly suitable for tissue microarray-based and digital microscopy-based, automated, high-capacity diagnostic application in tumorous colonic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferenc Sipos
- a2nd Department of Internal Medicine bFaculty of Medicine, Department of Medicine c1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University dMolecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Mosolygó T, Szabó AM, Balogh EP, Faludi I, Virók DP, Endrész V, Samu A, Krenács T, Burián K. Protection promoted by pGP3 or pGP4 against Chlamydia muridarum is mediated by CD4(+) cells in C57BL/6N mice. Vaccine 2014; 32:5228-33. [PMID: 25077421 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Urogenital tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis is a leading cause of sexually transmitted infections. There is currently no commercially available vaccine against C. trachomatis. The highly conserved plasmid of chlamydiae has been considered to be a virulence factor and the plasmid proteins have important roles in the Chlamydia-specific immune response. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination with plasmid proteins in the prevention of C. muridarum lung infection in a mouse model. C57BL/6N mice were immunised 3 times subcutaneously with recombinant pGP3 or pGP4 and infected with C. muridarum. Immunisation of the mice with recombinant pGP3 or pGP4 protein caused a significantly lower chlamydial burden in the lungs of the infected mice; the lower IFN-γ level indicated a reduced extent of inflammation. In vitro or in vivo neutralisation of C. muridarum with sera obtained from immunised mice did not reduce the number of viable C. muridarum in the lungs of mice. However, adoptive transfer of the CD4(+) spleen cells isolated from the immunised mice resulted in a significantly reduced bacterial burden. Our results indicate that it is not the pGP3- and pGP4-specific antibodies, but the CD4(+) cells that are responsible for the protective effect of the immune response to plasmid proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Mosolygó
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Agnes M Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Emese P Balogh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Faludi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dezső P Virók
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valéria Endrész
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Alíz Samu
- Ist Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- Ist Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.
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Pócza T, Sebestyén A, Turányi E, Krenács T, Márk A, Sticz TB, Jakab Z, Hauser P. mTOR pathway as a potential target in a subset of human medulloblastoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2014; 20:893-900. [PMID: 24737380 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-014-9771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
As mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) plays role in protein synthesis and metabolism, mTOR pathway activation is involved in the pathogenesis of several types of tumors. Our aim was to elucidate its role in medulloblastoma in terms of prognosis and as a therapeutic target. Members of activated mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway, phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) and phospho-S6 (p-S6) were examined by immunohistochemistry in formalin fixed paraffin embedded samples of 40 patients with medulloblastoma, and results were compared to clinical features and survival of patients. In proliferation assays, Daoy and UW228-2 medulloblastoma cell lines were tested by rapamycin, an mTORC1 inhibitor, and NVP-BEZ235, a dual mTOR and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, each in monotherapy and in combination with cytostatic drugs (cisplatin, etoposide). Components of mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes were also examined in these cell lines. Neither presence of p-mTOR (32.5 %) nor p-S6 (32.5 %) correlated with age, gender or histological subtype. In 22.5 % of cases simultaneous expression of p-mTOR and p-S6 was shown. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed inferior survival of patients expressing both marker proteins, but it was not statistically significant, probably due to low case number. UW228-2 cells had greater sensitivity to mTOR inhibitors, possibly due to its higher mTORC1 specific protein expression levels, compared to Daoy cells. In both cell lines antiproliferative effect of cytostatic drugs was significantly enhanced by mTOR inhibitors (p < 0.05). Based on our in vitro and clinicopathological studies mTOR inhibitors may have a role in the future treatment of a subset of patients with medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tímea Pócza
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó utca 7-9, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
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Kaucsár T, Révész C, Godó M, Krenács T, Albert M, Szalay CI, Rosivall L, Benyó Z, Bátkai S, Thum T, Szénási G, Hamar P. Activation of the miR-17 family and miR-21 during murine kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nucleic Acid Ther 2014; 23:344-54. [PMID: 23988020 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2013.0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is the main cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients. We investigated renal microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles and the time course of changes in selected miRNA expressions after renal I/R to characterize the miRNA network activated during development and recovery from AKI. METHODS AND RESULTS One day after lethal (30 minutes) and sublethal (20 minutes) renal ischemia, AKI was verified by renal histology (tubular necrosis, regeneration), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, renal mRNA expression, and plasma concentration of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in C57BL/6J mice. On the first day after 30-minute, lethal I/R miR-21, miR-17-5p, and miR-106a were elevated out of the 21 miRNAs successfully profiled on the Luminex multiplex assay. After 20-minute, sublethal I/R, renal miR-17-5p and miR-106a expressions were elevated on the first and second days of reperfusion, while miR-21 expression increased later and lasted longer. Renal miR-17-5p and miR-21 expressions correlated with each other. Renal function returned to normal on the fourth day after sublethal I/R. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that besides miR-21, miR-17-5p, and miR-106a are additionally activated during the maintenance and recovery phases of renal I/R injury. Furthermore, a correlation between renal miR-17-5p and miR-21 expressions warrants further investigation of how they may influence each other and the outcome of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Kaucsár
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Valcz G, Patai ÁV, Kalmár A, Péterfia B, Fűri I, Wichmann B, Műzes G, Sipos F, Krenács T, Mihály E, Spisák S, Molnár B, Tulassay Z. Myofibroblast-derived SFRP1 as potential inhibitor of colorectal carcinoma field effect. PLoS One 2014; 9:e106143. [PMID: 25405986 PMCID: PMC4236006 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0106143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes of stromal-epithelial interactions are of key importance in the regulation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells and morphologically normal, but genetically and epigenetically altered epithelium in normal adjacent tumor (NAT) areas. Here we demonstrated retained protein expression of well-known Wnt inhibitor, secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) in stromal myofibroblasts and decreasing epithelial expression from NAT tissues towards the tumor. SFRP1 was unmethylated in laser microdissected myofibroblasts and partially hypermethylated in epithelial cells in these areas. In contrast, we found epigenetically silenced myofibroblast-derived SFRP1 in CRC stroma. Our results suggest that the myofibroblast-derived SFRP1 protein might be a paracrine inhibitor of epithelial proliferation in NAT areas and loss of this signal may support tumor proliferation in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V. Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bálint Péterfia
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Fűri
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Györgyi Műzes
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Emese Mihály
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sándor Spisák
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Béla Molnár
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Kiszler G, Krecsák L, Csizmadia A, Micsik T, Szabó D, Jónás V, Prémusz V, Krenács T, Molnár B. Semi-automatic FISH quantification on digital slides. Diagn Pathol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3849431 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-8-s1-s21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Krenács T, Iványi B, Bozóky B, Lászik Z, Krenács L, Rázga Z, Ormos J. Postembedding Immunoelectron Microscopy with Immunogold-Silver Staining (IGSS) in Epon 812, Durcupan ACM and LR-White Resin Embedded Tissues. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1991.14.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Krenács T, Dobó E, Lászik Z. Characteristics of Endocrine Pancreas in Chronic Pancreatitis, as Revealed by Simultaneous Immunocytochemical Demonstration of Hormone Production. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1990.13.3.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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van Oosterwijk JG, Meijer D, van Ruler MAJH, van den Akker BEWM, Oosting J, Krenács T, Picci P, Flanagan AM, Liegl-Atzwanger B, Leithner A, Athanasou N, Daugaard S, Hogendoorn PCW, Bovée JVMG. Screening for potential targets for therapy in mesenchymal, clear cell, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma reveals Bcl-2 family members and TGFβ as potential targets. Am J Pathol 2013; 182:1347-56. [PMID: 23415961 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The mesenchymal, clear cell, and dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma subtypes are extremely rare, together constituting 10% to 15% of all chondrosarcomas. Their poor prognosis and lack of efficacious treatment emphasizes the need to elucidate the pathways playing a pivotal role in these tumors. We constructed tissue microarrays containing 42 dedifferentiated, 23 clear cell, and 23 mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and performed immunohistochemistry to study the expression of growth plate-signaling molecules and molecules shown to be involved in conventional chondrosarcoma. We observed high expression of SOX-9 and FGFR-3, as well as aberrant cellular localization of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, in all subtypes. TGFβ signaling through p-SMAD2 and PAI-1 was highly active in all chondrosarcoma subtypes, which suggests that TGFβ inhibitors as a possible therapeutic strategy in rare chondrosarcoma subtypes. As in conventional chondrosarcoma, antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl-2, and/or Bcl-xl) were highly expressed in all subtypes. Inhibition with the BH-3 mimetic ABT-737 rendered dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma cell lines sensitive to doxorubicin or cisplatin. Our data indicate that antiapoptotic proteins may play an important role in chemoresistance, suggesting a promising role for targeting Bcl-2 family members in chondrosarcoma treatment, irrespective of the subtype.
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Leiszter K, Galamb O, Sipos F, Krenács T, Veres G, Wichmann B, Kalmár A, Patai ÁV, Tóth K, Valcz G, Molnár B, Tulassay Z. Sporadic colorectal cancer development shows rejuvenescence regarding epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74140. [PMID: 24098334 PMCID: PMC3789736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) development is a sequential process showing age-dependency, uncontrolled epithelial proliferation and decreased apoptosis. During juvenile growth cellular proliferation and apoptosis are well balanced, which may be perturbed upon aging. Our aim was to correlate proliferative and apoptotic activities in aging human colonic epithelium and colorectal cancer. We also tested the underlying molecular biology concerning the proliferation- and apoptosis-regulating gene expression alterations. MATERIALS AND METHODS Colorectal biopsies from healthy children (n1 = 14), healthy adults (n2 = 10), adult adenomas (n3 = 10) and CRCs (n4 = 10) in adults were tested for Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and TUNEL apoptosis assay. Mitosis- and apoptosis-related gene expression was also studied in healthy children (n1 = 6), adult (n2 = 41) samples and in CRC (n3 = 34) in HGU133plus2.0 microarray platform. Measured alterations were confirmed with RT-PCR both on dependent and independent sample sets (n1 = 6, n2 = 6, n3 = 6). RESULTS Mitotic index (MI) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in intact juvenile (MI = 0.33±0.06) and CRC samples (MI = 0.42±0.10) compared to healthy adult samples (MI = 0.15±0.06). In contrast, apoptotic index (AI) was decreased in children (0.13±0.06) and significantly lower in cancer (0.06±0.03) compared to healthy adult samples (0.17±0.05). Eight proliferation- (e.g. MKI67, CCNE1) and 11 apoptosis-associated genes (e.g. TNFSF10, IFI6) had altered mRNA expression both in the course of normal aging and carcinogenesis, mainly inducing proliferation and reducing apoptosis compared to healthy adults. Eight proliferation-associated genes including CCND1, CDK1, CDK6 and 26 apoptosis-regulating genes (e.g. SOCS3) were differently expressed between juvenile and cancer groups mostly supporting the pronounced cell growth in CRC. CONCLUSION Colorectal samples from children and CRC patients can be characterized by similarly increased proliferative and decreased apoptotic activities compared to healthy colonic samples from adults. Therefore, cell kinetic alterations during colorectal cancer development show uncontrolled rejuvenescence as opposed to the controlled cell growth in juvenile colonic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katalin Leiszter
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
| | - Orsolya Galamb
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Sipos
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Krenács
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Veres
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Barnabás Wichmann
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Kalmár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád V. Patai
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga Tóth
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Valcz
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Molnár
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Tulassay
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Molecular Medicine Research Unit, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Valcz G, Sipos F, Krenács T, Molnár J, Patai AV, Leiszter K, Tóth K, Wichmann B, Molnár B, Tulassay Z. Increase of α-SMA(+) and CK (+) cells as an early sign of epithelial-mesenchymal transition during colorectal carcinogenesis. Pathol Oncol Res 2012; 18:371-6. [PMID: 21912905 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-011-9454-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/11/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to examine cell transition events by detecting the frequency of intrapithelial α-smooth muscle actin (SMA)(+)/cytokeratin (CK)(+) cells during colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence, in relation to E-cadherin expression. Our further aim was to determine the proliferative activity of intraepithelial α-SMA(+) cells. Histologically healthy, adenoma, and colorectal cancer (CRC) biopsy samples were taken during routine colonoscopy and were included into tissue microarrays (TMAs). Slides immunostained for Ki-67, α-SMA, E-cadherin and pan-cytokeratin were digitalized and analyzed by using a digital microscope software. The proportion of α-SMA(+)/CK(+) cells was significantly higher in CRC samples (3.34 ± 1.01%) compared to healthy (1.94 ± 0.69%) or adenoma (1.62 ± 0.78%) samples (p < 0.01). E-cadherin expression negatively correlated with the number of α-SMA(+) cells. The majority of intraepithelial α-SMA(+) cells were in the proliferative phase. During tumor progression, the appearance of dot-like α-SMA staining in CK positive cells may indicate the initial phase of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The high proportion of intraepithelial α-SMA(+) proliferating cells may refer to their increased plasticity compared to differentiated cells. The negative correlation between E-cadherin and intraepithelial α-SMA expression suggests that EMT is facilitated by a loss of epithelial cell contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Valcz
- Cell Analysis Laboratory, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Fónyad L, Krenács T, Nagy P, Zalatnai A, Csomor J, Sápi Z, Pápay J, Schönléber J, Diczházi C, Molnár B. Validation of diagnostic accuracy using digital slides in routine histopathology. Diagn Pathol 2012; 7:35. [PMID: 22463804 PMCID: PMC3337227 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Robust hardware and software tools have been developed in digital microscopy during the past years for pathologists. Reports have been advocated the reliability of digital slides in routine diagnostics. We have designed a retrospective, comparative study to evaluate the scanning properties and digital slide based diagnostic accuracy. Methods 8 pathologists reevaluated 306 randomly selected cases from our archives. The slides were scanned with a 20× Plan-Apochromat objective, using a 3-chip Hitachi camera, resulting 0.465 μm/pixel resolution. Slide management was supported with dedicated Data Base and Viewer software tools. Pathologists used their office PCs for evaluation and reached the digital slides via intranet connection. The diagnostic coherency and uncertainty related to digital slides and scanning quality were analyzed. Results Good to excellent image quality of slides was recorded in 96%. In half of the critical 61 digital slides, poor image quality was related to section folds or floatings. In 88.2% of the studied cases the digital diagnoses were in full agreement with the consensus. Out of the overall 36 incoherent cases, 7 (2.3%) were graded relevant without any recorded uncertainty by the pathologist. Excluding the non-field specific cases from each pathologist's record this ratio was 1.76% of all cases. Conclusions Our results revealed that: 1) digital slide based histopathological diagnoses can be highly coherent with those using optical microscopy; 2) the competency of pathologists is a factor more important than the quality of digital slide; 3) poor digital slide quality do not endanger patient safety as these errors are recognizable by the pathologist and further actions for correction could be taken. Virtual slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1913324336747310.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Fónyad
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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Rajnai H, Bödör C, Balogh Z, Gagyi E, Csomor J, Krenács T, Tóth E, Matolcsy A. Impact of the reactive microenvironment on the bone marrow involvement of follicular lymphoma. Histopathology 2012; 60:E66-75. [PMID: 22394030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04187.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Follicular lymphoma (FL) is associated with bone marrow (BM) involvement in approximately 40-70% of cases. Previous studies have suggested that the immune-microenvironment of FL plays an important role in the clinical behaviour of the disease. To investigate the role of the microenvironment in BM involvement of FL, we performed immunophenotypical analysis of the reactive cell populations in lymph nodes (LN) and corresponding BM of 35 patients with FL. Microenvironment patterns of BM infiltrates were compared to the corresponding features of the LN in cases with BM manifestation, and the LN microenvironment was compared in FL cases with and without BM involvement. METHODS AND RESULTS Automated image-segmentation-based quantitation was performed in whole digital slides of tissue microarrays of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies. We found significantly more CD8(+) T lymphocytes, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3)(+) T lymphocytes and CD68(+) macrophages and fewer PD1(+) T lymphocytes in the BM than in the matching LN samples. Furthermore, we observed significantly fewer CD8(+) T cells and CD68(+) macrophages in cases involving the BM compared to those localized only to the LNs. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that different tumour cell growth in the LN and BM may generate different microenvironments, and suggested that the reduced number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and macrophages in LNs favours BM infiltration of neoplastic cells in FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajnalka Rajnai
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Szasz A, Geszti F, Zsákovics I, Székely B, Tokes A, Rowan A, Swanton C, Krenács T, Kulka J. 344 Cell-cycle Phase Specific Markers’ Expression in Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70410-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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